第一篇：高中练习讲解论文
高中练习讲解论文
贵州省实验中学
英语
唐梅
指导教师：钱薇 摘要：在英语学习过程中，学生除了一般的读说以外，每天还会有一定的配套笔头练习，所以在练习过后，必要的反馈变得十分重要。而目前，中国仍然采用的用笔试进行一个人学习成绩的好坏的评价，无论是小学，初中还是高中，甚至是大学都采用这种方式来评判所有人。而尤其是在高中阶段里，都采用题海战术，特别是高三那一年，基本上都是在练习中度过的。而在平时采用最多的方法都是在课堂上进行练习的，而做练习的最终效果的实现是需要教师通过好的讲解策略来配合的。因此作为高中教师，就尤其要对练习的讲解将以重视。因此本文就目前教师在对课前准备，讲解中的方法及讲解后的巩固几个点做出了几点探讨。
我们通常所说的英语习题讲评是指对学生已完成的英语试卷或英语习题进行分析、讲解和点评，是英语教学过程中不可缺少的环节。练习讲评不仅仅在于澄清某个问题的正误和对习题进行单纯的分析，更重要的是在讲解过程中要给学生理清答题的基本思路，使学生逐渐掌握答题的基本方法和技巧并建立更清晰、更完善的知识网络。有效的练习讲评课是提高教学有效性的重要方面，也是提高教学质量的重要环节。
一、课前正确选择习题
练习的选择要在精不在多，而且还要多样化。英语，是当今世界上主要的国际通用语言之一，也是世界上最广泛使用的语言，可以夸张的说，懂英语、会英语就可以走遍天下。信息高速公路“互联网”信息近80%是由英语承载，许多技术性质和科学性质文献资料都是采用英文书写，这使以英语为母语的人群具有相当大的优势，他们不需特别的学习就可以阅读大量的资料。因此我们非本族语者就要选择要多样化的题型和题材，弥补我们的缺陷。例如每个单元的习题都可以贯穿高考的题型于其中。如完型，阅读，语法填空，改错等而且其文章的内容也应多种多样。让学生对高考题型和范围有一个全面的了解。同时习题要具有代表性但又不可偏离教学大纲，也不可太难，要选择适合学生的程度才行。例如可以选取相关辅导书中的个别较好的练习来进行，要稳住学生的信心，具有求胜的欲望。同时教师要预估可能会遇见的问题，讲解时要讲到的点都必须要注意到才行。
二、讲解前分析学生错题
许多教师在对学生讲解练习题的时候还存在着许多的不足，主要表现为两个方面：教师方面，大多数的教师都是采用灌输式的教学方法，即老师讲，学生听，在讲题的时候都是将自己对习题的见解直接灌输给学生，很少考虑到学生的理解能力，更有甚者，就题论题，忽视了习题的解题过程；学生方面，学生在老师讲题的时候，都比较机械化，老师讲什么就是什么，说什么就记什么，很少会对老师所讲解的内容提出质疑，缺少对问题的思考，学习的积极性差，学习气氛低落。这两方面的原因导致学生在做完习题之后，收获甚微，对知识点的掌握难以巩固及运用，难以提升自己的英语水平。因此讲解前教师应该给出答案后可先让查看正确率，先收集学生所做的习题情况，让学生在对这些题进行思考看是否领悟其做错的原因，找出解题方法和解题思路；接着让同学相互讨论，共同解决问题，不同的学生对相同的题会有不同的思考，在发表自己意见的同时参照别人的见解，通过学生的相互讨论，可以加深学生对题目的思考。这样做一方面是可以针对学生的弱项进行强化，另一方面是可以直观的让学生了解到自己的不足，并有针对性的加强自己的英语能力。而老师这时则要快速思考分析所收集到的情况，并进行整理，找出学生容易出错的题及出错原因，总结出学生的弱项。进行稍后的讲解。
三、讲解时突出重难点
讲解中所需要注意的问题是认清学生是学习的主体这一观念，要尽可能地调动学生的积极主动性，即是将学生易错的题展示出来之后在给与再次讲解，而对于学生实在难以解决的题目则由老师给与讲解。突出重难点。但在此过程中教师要有重点、有目的的引导学生对问题进行思考。培养他们分析，解决问题的能力。
同时学生未考虑的点也应相应提及或是加以扩展。而有的题如语法填空，改错则要给与相关的总结。比如填空中没有给出词的则应填入冠词，代词及引导从句的各种词等中的一个。而给出的形容词则应想到要变成它的副词，名词，反义词以及固定搭配等情况。而在语法改错时则要讲解其改错类型，如形容词与副词的互换，代词或冠词或介词使用错误，时态，谓语动词重复等情况。要学生有一个系统的做题方法，以免以后遇见相关的题时快速有效地做对题。而参照以上的方法不仅可以加强学生对问题的认识，还可以节省老师和学生的时间以便去做更多的练习。
四、讲解后巩固练习
在对习题评讲之后，巩固练习是相当有必要的，一方面可以加深学生对已讲练习的理解，另一方面还可以深化学生对新掌握的知识点及解题技巧的运用。而巩固的方法也可以多样化，只要达到下次遇见此类题目不再错就行。比如首先可以采用熟读的的方式加以记忆，第二则可以对有关的知识点的句子加以背诵，第三则可以再次巩固或者将某些错题反复换成另外一种题型进行重现，以便加深学生的印象等。
五、结束语
综上所述，我们了解到学习英语是相当有必要的，不管是对于还在为高考而奋斗的高中生，还是已经走出象牙塔的社会人士，学习英语对自己而言都是有百益而无一害的。高中生学习英语就现实的情况而言，就是为了能够提升自己的综合成绩，以实现自己的短期目标，教师在通过有效的教学手段配合一定量的练习，并在讲解时注重运用好的讲解方法就能够快速地提高学生的英语成绩，以助学生实现自己的目标。
第二篇：高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习
主语从句
一、概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。
二.主语从句主要有四类：
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（让步状语从句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）
（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意点: it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但当what引导的主语从句表示“„的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构 It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that„ 事实是„„
It is good news that „ „„是好消息 It is a question that „ „„是个问题 It is common knowledge that „ „„是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that „ 有必要„„ It is clear that „ 很清楚„„ It is likely that „ 很可能„„
It is important that „ 重要的是„„
类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
It is reported that „ 据报道„„ It has been proved that „ 已证明„„ It must be proved that„ 必须指出„„
类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主从练习
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate
B.The estimated
C.They are estimated
D.It is estimated that 2._____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which
B.Since
C.Although
D.How
3._____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.That
4._____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is
B.Just because he is
C.The reason of being
D.That he is
5.Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it 6._____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her
B.She occurred that
C.To her that occurred
D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.A.which
B.all
C.this
D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What 9._____ or not is still uncertain.A.He’s coming
B.If he is coming
C.That coming
D.Whether he’s coming 10.It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful
C.doubt it
D.doubtful whether 11.______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet
suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.A.Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless 12._____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Which 13._____ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need
C.What we need
D.What we all need 14._____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What
B.That
C.He
D.It 15._____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable
B.Quite remarkably
C.It is remarkable that
D.It is remarkable fact that 16._____ you nominate will be elected.A.Who
B.Whom
C.Whomever
D.That’s 17._____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.That’s 18._____ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.Anyone
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That„that you had expected B.What „that you had expected C.That„what you had expected D.What„what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20.Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 21.Is this factory you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 22.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who
表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表语从句的系动词有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事实是我没去那儿。
［考题1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
［考题2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。
［考题3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
［考题4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么„„”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
［考题5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
［考题6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
不属于的
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。
表从练习一
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.Such
三
1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________ I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as
D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why 13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 15.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what
18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
综合练习
1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What
第三篇：高中修改病句讲解练习及答案
高中语文病句辨析专项训练
最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。——罗曼·罗兰
一、重点知识梳理
（一）病句的类型
1、常见六种病句
（1）搭配不当（2）语序不当（3）成分残缺或赘余（4）不合逻辑
（5）句式杂糅（6）表意不明
（二）专项讲解（1）主要类型：
语序不当
语序不当的几种主要类别 ①主客体颠倒
1、在那个时候，报纸和我接触的机会是很少的。
2、朱熔基这个名字，对中国人谁不熟悉。②多层定语语序不当
3、优秀的有20多年教学经验的国家队的篮球女教练。小总结
一般顺序：a.表领属性的或时间、处所的；
b.指称或数量的短语；
c.动词或动词短语；
d.形容词或形容词短语；
e.名词或名词短语。
③多层状语语序不当
４、在休息室里许多老师昨天都同他热情地交谈。小总结
一般顺序：①表目的或原因的介宾短语
②表时间或处所的词或短语（先时间后处所）
③ 表范围的④表情态或程度的
⑤表示对象的介词结构一般紧靠中心语；
④并列词语或短语、分句语序不当
５、学生、领导、老师都参加了开学典礼。
６、对于自己的路,他们在探索着,他们在判断着，他们在寻找着，他们在思考着。
７、这个村很好执行了党的富民政策。现在不但向国家交售了六万斤公粮,而且还不吃国家救济了。
⑤主语与关联词语语序不当
８、他如果不能实事求是，事业就会受损失。９、不但他爱下围棋，而且精于围棋发展史
的研究。[跟踪练习]
1、他跳下池塘，来到池边，很快就游过去了。
2、文件对经济领域中的一些问题，从理论上和政策上作了详细的规定和深刻的说明。(词语的前后顺序排列不当，“深刻说明”应照应“理论”，“详细的规定”应照应“政策”。)
（2）、搭配不当
二、搭配不当
主要类型：
1、主谓搭配不当
2、动宾搭配不当；
3、饰语和中心语搭配不当
4、面与两面搭配不当；
5、否定与肯定搭配不当（1）主谓搭配不当
①本世纪初，是我国实现进入wto的目标。
（“本世纪初是目标”是主谓搭配不当。应改为“进入wto是我国本世纪初要实现的目标”。）
②我国棉花的生产，过去不能自给。
（不能自给的是“棉花”，不是“生产”。）③我觉得这个答复，和对这些问题的调查处理，都是一种不负责任的态度。（应该把“是”改做“表现出”。）
（2）动词和宾语搭配不当
①他多么渴望一个学习机会呀！（“渴望”后缺少动词“有”。）②我们多次抢险救灾，保护了人民群众的生命财产的安全。（“保护”与“安全”不搭配，应去掉“的安全”）
（3）状语和中心语搭配不当
①这次大会上，对工资问题交换了广泛的意见。（并不是意见广泛而是交换的范围广泛，应改做“广泛地交换了意见”。）*这一类搭配不当常和语序不当有交叉的地方。
（4）主宾搭配不当 ①我们坚信有这么一天，中国的工业和农业终会成为发达的国家。
（“工业和农业”不能成为“国家”）
（5）一面与两面搭配不当
①做好生产救灾工作，决定于干部作风是否深入。（“做好”是一面性的，“是否深入”是两面性的。此外，“作风是否深入”也讲不通，应该是“干部是否深入群众”。这句话有两种改法：把第一个分句改为两面性的“生产救灾工作做得好不好，决定于干部是不是深入群众”。或第二分句改成一面性的，不过句子结构要调整为“干部深入群众是做好救灾工作的决定条件”。）
②艺人们过去一贯遭白眼，如今却受到人们的热切的青睐，就在这白眼和青睐之间，他们体味着人间的温暖。
（“白眼”和“青睐”指相反的两面，但底下的“温暖”只适用于一面。）
（6）否定与肯定搭配不当
①我想这应该是不必叙述的，没有谁不会想象不出的。（“没有谁不会想象不出”等于说“谁都想象不出”，推测原意应是“谁也想象得出”。）
②我们并不完全否认这首诗没有透露出希望，而是说这希望是非常渺茫的。
（“不完全否认”等于“部分承认”，基本上还是承认。因此这句话说“我们承认这首诗没有透露出希望”，刚好和作者的本意相反。改法有两种“我们也承认这首诗也透露了一些希望......”或“我们并不否认这首诗也透露了一些希望......”）
跟踪练习
(1)春风一阵阵吹来，树枝摇曳着，月光、树影一齐晃动起来，发出沙沙的声响。(2)她拍摄完这部影片，就宣布正式退出演员生涯。
(3)这是一次竞争激烈的考试，非用十分的努力才能战胜其它竞争者。
3、成分残缺或赘余
（一）成分残缺
（1）主要类型：
1、主语残缺
①通过这次学习，使我受到深刻的教育。
（“使”的主语应是“学习”，由于有“通过”这个介词，使主语丧失了。）
②曹操的性格具有双重性，他的雄才大略与奸诈凶狠对于任何一个扮演他的演员来说都具有挑战性，也是一个难得的表演机会。（偷换主语，最后一句前应加“扮演曹操”）
2、谓语残缺
①可见对工人阶级的关心负责的态度到何等的薄弱程度。
（“到”在这里不能做谓语的主要成分，只能将“薄弱”提上来，可“态度”是不能薄弱的，句子应改为“......的关心和负责薄弱到何种程度”。）
②最近又发动了全面的质量大检查运动，要在这个运动中建立与加强技术管理制度等一系列的工作。（在“建立”前少了个谓语“完成”。）
3、宾语残缺
①虽然每天工作很忙，但还是抓紧和同学研究或自己看书。（“抓紧”什么？“时间”一词不能省。）
②我们要尽一切力量使我国农业走上机械化、集体化。（“走上”要求有一个名词做它的宾语，“机械化”、“集体化”都是动词，句子应是“走上......的道路”。）
4、介词残缺
① 现在，我又看到了那阔别多年的乡亲，那我从小就住惯了的山区所特有的石头和茅草搭成的小屋，那崎岖的街道，那熟悉的可爱的乡音。（在“石头”前加上介词“用”，另外“看到”和“乡音”也不搭配。）
（二）成分赘余
（1）主要类型： １、堆砌
①要考虑我国政治与文化环境的需要，发展我们的出版业。（“环境”应删去。）②现在渔民自己选出了行政组长，负责掌握渔民的生活及生产的管理。（“掌握”应删去。）２、重复
①一年来，妇女工作已打下了相当的工作基础，获得了一定的工作经验。（第二、第三个“工作”应删去。）
②其实这是过虑的想法。（“虑”就是想，应删去“的想法”。）３、可有可无
①不知不觉就走了十里路左右的距离。（应删去“的距离”。）②父亲逝世离现在已整整九年了。（应删去“离现在”。）４、应删去“的”字
①出人意料的，今年三月，物价的下跌，后来慢慢地稳定了。（加了“的”，句子转为短语，意思也变了，不是物价稳定，而是“下跌”稳定了。）
（2）跟踪练习
(1)鲁迅先生在斗争中创造了杂文，成了文学艺术中的奇葩。(缺主语，将“创造了”改为“创造的”)
(2)他就主动参与社会灾害性事故处理，化解风险，安定社会生活的责任。(缺谓语，在“参与”前加上“承担”)
(3)只要有勤奋、肯吃苦，什么样的难题都难不倒你。(缺宾语，在“肯吃苦”后加上“的决心”)
(4)其实这是过虑的想法。(多余，“虑”就是想，可删去“的想法”)
四、结构混乱
（1）又称句式杂糅，主要类型：
1、举棋不定 作者时而用这种结构，时而用那种结构，结果两种结构都用了。
①多年来曾被计划经济思想束缚下的人们也觉悟起来。（应该在“曾被......束缚......”和“在......束缚下的......”两种格式中选用一个。）
②这种慷慨悲歌的壮举的背后，还是自信心不够的表现。（应该在“......的背后还是自信心不够”和“......壮举还是自信心不够的表现”里选用一个。）
2、藕断丝连 把结构完整的一句话的最后一部分用做另一句的开头硬凑起来。
①我们向政府提意见是人民的责任。（把“我们向政府提意见”和“向政府提意见是人民的责任”凑在一块儿，应该删去“我们”。）
②你可知道，要出版一本译作是要经过多少人的努力以后，才能与读者见面的。（把“要出版......的努力”和“一本译作......见面的”凑在一块儿，用哪一句都可以。）
3、中途易辙 一句话说了一半，忽然另起炉灶，重来一句。
①例如杜重远以《闲话天皇》这篇文章，认为是冒犯了日本皇帝，置之于狱，就是例子。（应该改作“因为杜重远写了......文章，就认为他是......”。原句使不知道这件事始末的人误认为杜重远把别人送进监牢，非常不妥。）
②中国人民自从接受了马列主义思想之后，中国的革命就在毛泽东同志领导下大大改了样子。（“中国人民......马列主义思想之后”就怎么样？作者不接下去说，却用“中国革命”另起一句。应该改为“自从中国人民......之后”。）
4、反客为主 把上半句主语以外的成分用来做下半句的主语，因此而纠缠。①因此，当匪徒们偷袭游击队的时候，被游击队反包围了，歼灭了无数匪军。
（“被游击队反包围”的主语是“匪军”，但“歼灭了无数匪军”的主语只能是游击队，作者却把它一气呵成，不加闪待。应该把末一分句改作“歼灭了一大部分”或“不计其数”；这样“歼灭”是接着“被游击队”下来的，就连贯了。）
②恐怖分子的阴谋活动是应当加以揭露，而且能够把它揭露的。（就上半句说，谁“加以揭露”，当然是“我们”，但这个词隐而未现，正式主语应当是受揭露的“恐怖分子的阴谋活动”。可是下半句的“能够把它揭露的”主语就不可能还是“恐怖分子的阴谋活动”，而只能是“我们”。这一句应该在“是应当”前加“我们”。）
5、结构含混
这样的句子可以有两种意思。
①真人真事的创作方法，近几年来曾提倡过，而且产生了许多写真人真事的作品。（句中的“产生”可以算无主句，也要以拿“创作方法”做主语，作者的意思也许是第一种，那么上半句应该改做“近几年来曾倡导过真人真事的创作方法”。）
②在旧社会，他利用开当铺进行残酷的高利贷剥削人民。
（这句的错误是把“利用开当铺进行残酷的高利贷剥削”和“利用开当铺残酷地剥削人民”两种说法糅在一起，修改只留一种说法。）
（2）跟踪练习
(1)止咳祛痰片，它里面的主要成分是远志、桔梗、贝母、氯化铵等配制而成的。(应该是“主要成分是……”或“是由……配制而成”，两种格式或选用一个)(2)你可知道，要出版一本译作是要经过多少人的努力以后，才能与读者见面的。(把“要出版……的努力”和“一本译作……见面的”两句话揉在一块儿说了，只能选一句说)
五、语意不明
（1）有两种类型：
１、费解：指一句话不知道怎么讲
① 到北京参观奥运村及新改造后的“地铁”是我这次旅行的归途。
（“参观”怎么会是“归途”？作者的意思是说“......是我预定在归途中要做的事。）②从六十岁到九十九岁的老太太被特许坐着车子参加游行。
（从字面上看，好象59岁以下和100 岁以上的都没有坐车参加游行的权力。作者的意思大概是“60岁以上的”。）
２、歧义：是一句话有两种理解意。(1)两种解释一正一误。
①一辆乳黄和深红色的电车飞驰过去。（容易使人误会为两辆颜色不同的电车。应该把“和”字改为“夹”字，或者在“一辆”后面加“漆了”二字。）
②在几天时里，我们的身体和精神都有很大的收获，体重逐日增加（最高的达五公斤），精神非常愉快。（很可能使人误会是逐日增加的量最高有5公斤，这当然不是事实。应该把“逐日”改作“都有”。）
(2)两个解释都可能。
①现全渠已勘测完毕144华里。（没说全渠有多长，如果全长144华里，那么该说“全渠144华里，现已勘测完毕”；如果144华里只是全渠的一部分，那么不能说“完毕”，该说“现全渠已勘测了144华里。”）
②校长、副校长和其他学校领导出席了这届迎新会。（是“其他学校”，还是“其他领导”，发生歧义。）(3)把读者引入歧途。
这种错误在于字面上并无歧义，但是作者的本意跟字面上的意思不同。如果按照字面讲，就是误入歧途。
①中华民人共和国成立了，共同纲领颁布了，妇女在法律上是平等了。
（从字面上看，是说“妇女彼此之间在法律上平等”，但是实际上作者是说“妇女和男子在法律上平等”。）
②制造郑州花园口决口，直接淹没豫皖两省13个县619万多人口。
（照字面看，这619万人都淹死了。作者的本意该是：直接淹没豫皖两省拥有619万多人口的13个县。）
（2）跟踪练习
(1)局长、副局长和其它局领导出席了这次表彰会。(其它局领导是本局领导还是别局的领导，不明确)(2)巴勒斯坦游击队对以色列的进攻是早有准备的。(是“巴勒斯坦游击队进攻以色列”，还是“以色列进攻巴勒斯坦游击队”，不清楚)
六、不合逻辑
（1）主要类型：
1、自相矛盾
①过了一会儿，汽车突然渐渐地停下来了。（“突然”和“渐渐”矛盾。）②这增强了中国人民与侵略斗争的无比力量。
（既然已经“无比”，如何还能“增强”？应删去“无比”。）
③他是多少个死难者中幸免的一个。（既然“幸免”，自然是没有死，怎么能说是“死难中的一个”呢？应改为“多少人死难了，他是幸免的一个。”）
④我国有世界上没有的万里长城。（“有”与“没有”矛盾，改“没有”为“唯一”）
2、分类不当
①从事业的发展上看，还缺乏各项科学专家与各项人才。
（各项人才包括科学家，不宜并列，该说“各学科的专家与其他人才”。）
②农场决心提高粮食、棉花和经济作物的产量。（“棉花”属“经济作物”，不能并列）
3、不合事理
①他们一面拚命地向上爬，一面又不免跌落深渊。（“一面......一面......”表示两件事同时进行，句中的两件事显然不是同时的，应改为“他们虽然拚命向上爬，但是终不免跌落深渊。”）
②八百多人，几千条胳膊，同暴雨洪水搏斗了一天一夜。（“八百多人”怎有“ 几千条胳膊”）
4、强加因素
①最近我这位朋友去了一趟南方回来，结果他的思想依然如故。
（去了南方回来思想变了，可以说是去了一趟南方的结果，现在“思想依然如故”，怎么能说是去了一趟的“结果”呢？）
②因为他来自北方，思想根本上还是旧的一套。
（为什么来自“北方”思想就旧？且“北方”到底是相对什么而言的？）
5、数词的使用
①专家指出，我国西部广大中小学在未来的5到10年左右，学生入学人数会快速上升至饱和。（“左右”多余）
②这个炼钢车间，由十天开一炉，变为五天开一炉，时间缩短了一倍。（倍数使用不当，表降低、减少只能用分数。）
6、还有否定不当、主客颠倒、两面对一面等。前面已有涉及，不再赘述。（2）跟踪练习
1、长沙、株洲、湘潭城市群建设的启动，对道路、交通、媒体、通讯等行业提出了新的要求，与此相关，长沙商业圈无疑也将面对重新洗牌的机会。（不合逻辑，“道路”与“交通” 概念交叉，不能并列。）
2、日前中央电视台大型纪实系列剧《震撼世界的七日》正在各电视台热播，它将再现感人的故事,升华生命的尊严,歌颂人性的光辉。（前后时态不一致，不合逻辑，“日前”“正在”“将”分别表示过去、现在正在进行时和将来时态，三者不可能同时成立，不合逻辑。）
3、第十八届全国书博会在郑州举行，广东参展的出版物至少有4500种以上，其中《王蒙自传》、《我在央视》等一批精品备受读者青睐。（不合逻辑，同时用“至少”与“以上”矛盾，应删去其中一个。）
第四篇：高中宾语从句详细讲解与练习（精选）
宾语从句讲与练
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋„„）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2．连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if„or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 3．时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。4．注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当„„时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.→We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win.→The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.→I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.→They found the box very heavy.高中宾语从句练习题及答案详解 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 1.The place _______interested me most was the years old.Children's Palace.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the 2.Do you know the man _______? country?
A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that A.who B.who's C.which D.whose I spoke 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed yesterday.4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese A.which B.who C.what D.as Communist Party was founded? 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.which B.that C.when D.on which A.who B.whom C.that D.as 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when A.that B.as C.whom D.what 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very from here.much.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the D.I went with him factory _______we are working.19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.where B.that C.which D.there A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.8.This is one of the best films _______.same novels
A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown 20.He talked a lot about things and persons C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked ________they remembered in the school.9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.which B.that C.whom D.what A.about which you talked B.which you talked 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in C.about that you talked D.that you talked Beijing.10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.which B.that C.whom D.who A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a ____are women.small boy.A.them B.which C.whom D.who A.whom B.who C.which D.that 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met
______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D.what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as
39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose
40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.on TV.A.that B.which C.as D.it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after
C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which
A.that B.which C.it D.though
41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that
42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who B.that;which C.which;that D.when;which
43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are
44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it
46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what B.through which;what C.through that;what D.what;that
47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where
48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as B.that C.what D.who
49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them B.neither of them C.neither of which D.none of which
50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been
参考答案及解析
1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C.“和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C.解析同第5题。
7.A.解析见第3题。
8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.A.with which是”介词+关系代词“结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有”用“的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在从句中作状语.12.D.with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25.A.for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for ”以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29.D.for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30.B.which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41.A.what happened是宾语从句.all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44.D.that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46.B.through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48.A.解释见35题。
49.C.因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
第五篇：高中名词性从句讲解与练习1
名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中用陈述句语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句
It is common knowledge that„ „„是常识
It is a surprise that„ 令人惊奇的是„„
It is a fact that„ 事实是„„
（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is necessary that„ 有必要„„
It is important that„ 重要的是„„
It is obvious that„ 很明显„„（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It is believed that„ 人们相信„„
It is known to all that„ 众所周知„„
It has been decided that„ 已决定„„（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It appears that„ 似乎„„
It happens that„ 碰巧„„
It occurred to me that„ 我突然想起„„
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that „
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that„
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g.The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g.I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g.I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句）③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g.It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
例如：I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，用来说明名词的内容，这些名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如：.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
名词性从句专项练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.二 单项选择
1.Do you see _____ I mean? A.that
B./
C.how
D.what 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.A.that
B.what
C.which
D.why 3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.A.what
B.that
C./
D.how 4.Let me see _____.A.that can I repair the radio
B.whether I can repair the radio C.I can repair the radio
D.whether can I repair the radio 5.Keep in mind _____.A.that the teacher said B.what did the teacher say C.that did the teacher say D.what the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____? A.which book should I read first B.what book should I read first C.that book 1 should read first D.which book I should read first 7.He was criticized for _____.A.he had done it B.what he had done
C.what had he done
D.that he had done it 8.Would you kindly tell me _____? A.how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B.how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C.where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D.whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____.A.what had she seen in China
B.that she had seen in China
C.what she had seen in China
D.which had she seen in China 10.We took it for granted ___
A.that they were not coming B.that were they not coming C.they were coming not
D.were they not coining 11.I really don't know _____ A.I should do next B.what should I do next
C.what I should do next D.how I should do next 12.I'm afraid _____.A.the little girl will have to be operated on B.that will the little girl have to operate on C.the little girl will have to operate on
D.that will the little girl have to be operated on 13.She walked up to _____.A.where did I stand
B.where I stood C.I stood there D.where I stood there 14.Can you tell me _____? A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C.who that gentleman is D.whom.is that gentleman 15.We'll give you _____.A.that do you need B.what do you need
C.whatever you need
D.whether do you need 16.They want us to know _____ to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can
D.how can they 17.We must put _____ into practice.A.what we have learned
B.that we have learned C.that have we learned
D.what have we learned 18.Did she say anything about _____? A.that the work was to be done B.how was the work to be done C.that was the work to be done D.how the work was to be done 19.He was never satisfied with _____.A.what she had achieved
B.had what she achieved C.she had achieved
D.that she achieved 20.These photographs will show you _____.A.what does our village look like
B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like 21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.A.on that
B.what
C.that
D.on which 22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.A.when
B.where C.why
D.that
23.We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.A.what you did
B.that you had done C.that what you did
D.what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.A.what
B.that
C.which
D./ 25.From _____ I should say he is a good worker.A.what 1 know of him
B.that I do know of him C.what do I know of him
D.that do I know of him 26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.A.whomever
B.anyone C.whoever D.someone 27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.A.What
B.That
C.When D.Where 28._____ was said here must be kept secret.A.Who
B.The thing C.Whatever
D.Where 29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.A.if
B.that
C.what
D.when 30.I'm going anyway._____ she will go is up to her to decide.A.If or not B.Whether or not C.If
D.That 31.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 32.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.where 33._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Whether 34.It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.A.if
B.whether
C.why
D.that 35.It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.A.if
B.whether
C.that
D.when 36.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.A.when
B.that
C.why
D.where 37.It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.A.when
B.why
C.where
D.that 38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.A.What
B.That C.Which
D.The things 39._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A.Anyone
B.The person C.Whoever
D.Who 40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.A.Whether
B.If
C.Whenever
D.That 41._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A.That
B.Whoever
C.Whether
D.Whether or not 42.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.What
B.Whether
C.That
D.Whatever 43.Has it been announced _____? A.when are the planes to take off B.that are the planes to take off C.where are the planes to take off D.when the planes are to take off 44.That is _____ we all support his idea.A.what
B.why
C.where D.when 45.That’s _____ we should do.A.that
B.what
C.how
D.why 46._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 47.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.A.when
B.why
C.that
D.what 48.That’s _____ I want to say.A.all what B.what
C.all which D.what that 49.That’s _____.A.where our differences lie B.our differences lie there C.where do our differences lie D.that where our differences lie 50.That is _____.A.where lived he there
B.where did he live C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 51.The questions is _____.A.whether is it worth doing B.that if it is worth doing C.whether it is worth doing D.if it is worth doing 52.Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which C.what
D.as 53.That's_____.A.how did I become a teacher B.how I became a teacher C.how a teacher I became D.that I became a teacher 54.They are just _____.A.that what shall I have B.what shall I have C.that I shall have what D.what I shall have 55.It looked ____.A.as if it was going to rain B.that as if it was going to rain C.as if was it going to rain D.as if that it was going to rain 56.That's_____.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it.C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 57.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where B.which C.that
D.why 58.That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.A.where B.at which C.there where D.when
59.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that D.that where 60.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.if 61.We heard the news _____ our team had won.A.that
B.what
C.whether D.why 62.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.A.why
B.if C.that
D.whether 63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.A.that
B.where C.that when
D.when
64.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.A.whether B.that
C.why
D.when 65.They have no idea at all _____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go C.where has he gone
D.which place he has gone
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