山东大学网络教育英语标准答案模拟题一

第一篇：山东大学网络教育英语标准答案模拟题一

模拟题一 第一部分：交际用语

1.Hello!May I talk to the mana

A.Sorry, he is out at the moment

2.I’m terribly sorry that I made

A.Never mind

3.Do you mind if I open the

B.I’d rather you didn’t.4.Excuse me, sir.Where is Dr.Smith’s office? D.Sorry I don’t know, but you can ask the man over there 5.Good morning, sir.May I help

C.Yes, I need some salt 第二部分：阅读理解 Passage 1 6.The word “convenient ” in the ______.A.handy, easy to do

7.If you cut another car off, its d ______.C.angry

8.The sentence " Traffic accidents _____B.Many people die from traffic accidents 9.According to the passage, driving _____B.you obey all the traffic rules 10.Which of the following may _______.A.Traffic Safety Passage 2 11.The underlined word “average” in Pa______.C.ordinary

12.The reason why housewives ar_____C.housewives have less chance to communicate with others 13.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? D.A satisfying job helps to keep one healthy.14.We can infer from the passage that _____.A.are likely to live a shorter life 15.The best title for this passage may be _____.B.Working Hard Is Good for Health 第三部分：

16.Since he left the university, he ____ A.has been working 17.The weather in China is different from ___

C.that in America

18.It was not until dawn _____B

19.____ he says or does won’t make

A.Whatever 20.We all believe that it’d be hard fo _____C.take on B.完型填空

1）21 of 22.so 23.B normal 24 A being asked25 C reveal 26 for 27direct 28 bring up 29 guess 30 for 第四部分：英译汉请在15分钟内把下列3句英文翻译成中文，把答案写在答题纸上。1.Do you know the man lying under the apple tree? 你认识躺在苹果树下的人吗？

2.You will have to buy some reference books when you go to college.上大学时你就要买一些参考书。

3.More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.如今纸张用量越来越大。第五部分：写作

你给以前的同学写一封电子邮件，信里主要包括以下内容：

1.了解对方毕业后的情况

2.你的近况

3.邀请对方方便时来访

Friends are very important to us.It has often been said that“no man can live like an island”.A person will have trouble coping with society without friends。

Friends are always there when you need them.They are dependable and responsible.They share your sorrow and happiness.They also warn you when you are in danger of doing wrongly。

However,real frinds are not easy to find.People usually have few friends and many acquaintances.Acquintances are usually with you for what they can get.Only your friends are not interested in what they can get from you.。

第二篇：标准答案山东大学_网络教育(专升本)第二学期_英语_模拟题三

模拟题三

第一部分：交际用语

此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

1.–Hello!I want to make a person-to-person call to Toronto, Canada.The number is 932-0806.--___B_____.A.But I don’t know whom do you want to call.B.What’s the name of the party you’re calling? C.What’s the address of the person you’re calling? D.What’s the extension number you’re calling? 2.---Have you ever been to the Temple of Heaven in Beijing?--___B__.A.No, but I have no time.B.No, but I’d like to.C.Yes.I was too busy then.D.Yes.I couldn’t do it right now.3.–Is everyone always so helpful to you in your office?

---_D____.A.Yes.What can I do for you now?

B.Yes, there is a hotel nearby.C.Yes.Can I help you? D.Yes.It’s a great place to work.4.---It’s a beautiful day today!How about a little trip out into the country?

---____A_____.A.That sounds great.What should I do for the preparation? B.I don’t know.I really haven’t thought about what we’d do.C.Well, would you like me to pack picnic or to buy something? D.It’s all right.Thank you.5.–Excuse me.Could you show me the way to the nearest subway station?

---_A____.A.Any time.It’s next to the post office.B.All right.Do you want me to go with you?

C.No problem.With pleasure.D.Of course not.Go down this street and turn right.第二部分：阅读理解

此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

Passage 1 The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children.A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century world probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work.Today women marry younger and have fewer children.Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.The important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position.Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it.Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born.Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.6.For women at the beginning of the twentieth century, the amount of time spent taking care of children ___A____.A)was shorter than in previous centuries B)was longer than in previous centuries C)was considered to be surprisingly long D)account for a great part of their lives 7.According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ___A_____.A)at about twenty-five B)in their early fifties C)as soon as possible after they were fifteen D)at any age from fifteen to forty-five 8.When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth-century mother ____D____.A)would be healthy enough to take up paid employment B)was usually expected to die fairly soon C)would expect to work until she died D)was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted one 9.One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she __A______.A)is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves B)does not like children herself C)need not worry about food for her children D)can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty 10.According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ___C_____.A)stay at home after leaving school B)marry men younger than themselves C)start working again later in life D)marry while still at school

Passage 2 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years.Now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks.Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours.But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights.A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky.Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance.The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky.The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins.Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation.When the stars are hidden by clouds, they apparently find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses.But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way.11.The reason why birds don’t get lost on long flights __B____.A)have been known to scientists for years B)have only recently been discovered C)are known by everyone D)will probably remain a mystery 12.During daylight hours, birds ____C___.A)fly aimlessly B)rely on landmarks C)use sun for guidance D)are more likely to get lost 13.By “his outdoor cousins” the author means ____C_____.A)other experimenters B)the other doves of the same brood C)doves under the natural sky D)other birds in general 14.The experiment with the dove indicated that ___D______.A)birds have to be taught to navigate B)a bird that has been caged will not fly long distances C)some birds cannot fly at night D)some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night 15.In total darkness, doves __B_____.A)use landmarks B)don’t know which way to fly C)fly back home D)wait for the stars to appear 第三部分： A.词汇与结构

此部分共有5个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。16.It is in the south-eastern part of the country, __A___ most Australians live.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.what 17.Although most of the continent ___C_____ extensive plains and nothing hills, there are also spectacular forests.A.consists of

B.is consisted of C.consist of

D.are consisted of 18.Neither the students nor the teacher ___B___ anything about the matter.A.know

B.knows

C.have not known

D.has not known 19.The tutor accused the students of great ___C_____.A.efficiency

B.inefficient

C.inefficiency

D.efficient 20.They had good reason to think that the experience was worth __C____.A.to try

B.tried

C.trying

D.being tried B.完型填空

以下短文中共包含10个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中空缺部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

As she walked round the large shop, Edith realized how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas gift for her father.She wished that he were as easy to please as her mother, who was __21__satisfied with perfume(香水).__22__, shopping at this time of the year was a most __23__job.People stood on your feet, pushed you with their shoulders and almost __24__ you over in their hurry in order to grasp something cheap ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter, where some beautiful ties were on __25__.“They are real silk,” the shop assistant told her with a smile trying to __26__her to buy one.But Edith knew from past __27__that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on slowly and then, quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter.She found some fine pipes on sale and the __28__were very beautiful.Edith did not hesitate for long, although her father only smoked a pipe once in a while, she believed this was __29__ to please him.When she got home, with her small but well-chosen present hidden in her handbag, it was time for supper and her parents were already at table.Her mother was in great excitement.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” she told her daughter happily.Edith was so __20__that she could not say a single word.C 21.A.never

B.seldom

C.always

D.scarcely C 22.A.Therefore

B.Fortunately

C.Besides

D.Finally A 23.A.unhappy

B.careful

C.exciting

D.tiring D 24.A.turned

B.hit

C.brought

D.knocked B 25.A.time

B.show

C.board

D.duty D 26.A.hope

B.ask

C.force

D.persuade A 27.A.experience

B.things

C.books

D.school C 28.A.money

B.cigarette

C.shapes

D.shop D 29.A.hardly

B.impossibly

C.possibly

D.certainly C 30.A.glad

B.happy

C.surprised

D.excited 第四部分：英译汉

请在15分钟内把下列3句英文翻译成中文，把答案写在答题纸上。

1.It wasn’t until the third year in high school that he began thinking of becoming a writer.直到第三年在高中的时候，他开始想成为一个作家。

2.As a sailing ship has a destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life.作为一个帆船的目的地，所以我们必须有一个明确的目标在我们生活中。3.She was so lost in studying that she forgot to have dinner.她学习太专心了，就连吃饭也忘记了。第五部分：写作

要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。

Continuing Education

1． 当今时代，很多人都会选择继续深造来提升自己的知识水平以跟上时代的发展 2． 作为年轻人，我应该怎么办

Continuing Education

With social division in labor is becoming much more meticulous, working requires much higher efficiency.In order to keep up with the development step of the society, more and more people choose continuing education for more knowledge.Through continuing education, people can acquire whatever they need, find out their right position, and realize their value.As a young person，in order to stand firm in the competitive world and consciously form my own strategy in the dazzling of opportunities, I have to be equipped with relative knowledge, a supple mind, strong enterprising spirit and sharp insight.Looking at this point, continuing education is now becoming a necessity for anyone who expects to gain a place in the society.

第三篇：山东大学网络教育统考英语模拟题

大学英语（B）模拟试卷

第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

1．— Hello, could I speak to Mr.Smith, please?

— _________________________

A.Who are you?

B.Who’s there?

C.Who could I help?

D.Who’s that speaking? 2.— I believe we’ve met somewhere before.— No, ____________________.A.it isn’t the same

B.it can’t be true

C.I don’t think so

D.I’d rather not 3.— How are you, Bob? —

_______ A.How are you?

B.I’m fine.Thank you.C.How do you do?

D.Nice to meet you.4.— Thanks for your help.— __________

A.My pleasure.B.Never mind.C.Quite right.D.Don’t thank me.5.— Hello, I’m Harry Potter.— Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ______.A.call my Charles

B.call me at Charles C.call me Charles

D.call Charles me 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

Passage 1

The United States covers a large part of the North American continent.Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.Although the United States is a big country, it is not the largest in the world.In 2000, its population was over 222 million.When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states.Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star.All these states were in the eastern part of the continent.As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag.For a long time, there were 48 stars.In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States.There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country.Sometimes it is said that the Indians are “the only real Americans”.Most Americans come from all over the world.Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern coast of North America were mostly from England.It is for that reason that the language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.6.Which of the following is TRUE? A.America is the largest country in the world.B.The United States lies next to Canada and Mexico.C.America covers most part of the North American continent.D.Mexico is to the north of Canada.7.After winning its independence, the United States _________.A.had nothing to do with England B.made India part of its land C.mainly developed westward

D.took over parts of Canada and Mexico

8.The United States didn’t have ______ states until ________.A.thirteen;1959

B.fifty;1959 C.fifty;this land first became a nation

D.fifty;1964 9.Why is English the language of America?

A.Because English is the native language of the Indians.B.Because most Americans come from all over the world.C.Because Canada is America’s nearest neighbor.D.Because most of the people who first settled in America were from England.10.The best title for the passage is “ _________”.A.the States of America

B.The language of America

C.The United States of America

D.The Culture and Customs of America Passage 2

There was once an ant that was very thirsty.It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it.The ant drank the water, which saved its life.The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying.Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings.The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.“Why are you sad?” asked the ant.“I''m the prisoner of a giant.” the girl told the ant.“He won''t let me go until I''ve made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麦）and rye（黑麦）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together.”

“That will take you a month!” the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.“I know,” the girl cried, “and if I can’t finish by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!”

“Don''t cry,” the ant said, “my friends and I will help you.”

Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life.11.The ant was playing game running here and there.A：T

B：F 12.A drop of water fell on the ant when it was nearly dying.A：T

B：F 13.The young girl was crying because she wanted to have supper.A.T

B.F 14.The giant would eat the girl if she failed to do the work.A：T

B：F

15.The ant''s friends saved the girl''s life.A：T

B：F

第三部分：词汇与结构（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

16.I tried to put _____ a telephone call to him, but his line was always busy.A.over

B.into

C.away

D.through 17.I hadn’t seen him for years, but I ______________ his voice on the telephone.A.realized

B.recognized

C.discovered

D.heard 18.Neither Bill nor his parents __________ at home.A.is

B.has

C.are

D.was 19.If you don’t want to get wet, you had better ________ this umbrella with you.A.take

B.to take

C.taken

D.for taking 20.Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?

A.who

B.which

C.whose

D.whom 第四部分：完型填空（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

Last night, a fire broke out in Ann''s house in Manchester.Ann''s parents were out of town for the weekend when something wrong in the room caused the fire to

in the middle of the night.The girl was waken up by the family dog, Danny, who was barking loudly in the back garden.Ann smelled something 22 _.She got up and at once ran through the smoke-filled house to wake her old brother, Frank.When Frank would not wake up, Ann got some help from the dog.Frank''s unconscious body was far too

for the little girl to move alone , but the clever girl brought the dog inside and

the dog''s leash（牵狗的皮带）to Frank''s left ankle.She then held her brother''s right ankle, and together the girl and the dog Frank to safety.The 10-year-old girl, Ann, saved her big brother from death.21.A：heavy B：burning C：start D：pulled E：tied

22.A：heavy B：burningC：startD：pulled

E：tied

23.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied 24.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied

25.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied

第五部分：英译汉（满分30分, 5 each）

26.I will finish reading this book in a week.27.You should look around before you cross the street.28.Tom’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.29.Please give this book to whoever comes first.30.Though it was late, they kept on working.31.Apples here like water and sunshine.第六部分：写作（满分10分）

要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。工作申请

1．写明申请的职位。2．

陈述你的相关学习、工作经历。3．

联系方法。大学英语（B）模拟试卷参考答案

1.——5D.C.BA.C

6.——10 BCBDC

11.——15B A BA A 16.——20 D B C A.C

21.——25 CB A E.D

26.我将在一周内读完这本书。27.在过马路之前，你应该向四周看看。

28．汤姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。29．请把这本书给最先来的人。30．尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。31.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

第四篇：山东大学网络教育期末英语模拟题四

模拟题 四

第一部分：交际用语

此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话是未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

1.---Do you mind if I sit here?

---____C___________.A.Not at all.There is plenty of room.B.Of course.Do sit down, please.C.Never mind.I’d like to have some companion.D.Sure.I’d like to have someone to talk to

2.–Why do you always tell me what to do? To be frank, I don’t like it.---I know, but _C___.A.I don’t like it either.B.How do I do for you?

C.I just want the best for you.D.Obviously.You are right.3.----That was a delicious dinner.----_B__.A.Thank you.Don’t mention it.B.You’re welcome.C.Not so delicious, I’m afraid.D.I’m glad you enjoyed it.4.---You are most beautiful in that red sweater.---___C__.A.Oh, no.It’s just an old one, and I have had it for years.B.Yes.I think it goes nicely with my pants.C.Thank you.My mom knitted it for me some years ago.D.Oh, but I’m not sure if it suits me.5.---I missed Prof.Wang’s linguistics class again yesterday.----____C______.A.Congratulations!

B.How nice you are!

C.What a pity!

D.Have a nice weekend.第二部分：阅读理解

此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

Passage 1

Many countries face a somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavorable trade balance with other nations.Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports.For example, if a country buys $25 billion of products from other countries, yet sells only $10 billion of its own products overseas, its trade deficit（贸易逆差）is $15 billion.Many underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position1

because they lack natural resources or the industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import raw materials or manufactured goods.One effect of a trade deficit is the flow of currency out of a country.In the case of an underdeveloped nation, this can cause many financial difficulties, including failure to meet debt payments and obstacles to creation of an industrial base.Even in the case of a fully developed nation such as the United States, a large trade deficit is a reason for alarm.American products, made by well-paid workers in U.S.industries, cost more to produce than those made in places like Asia, where labor and material costs are much lower.Money spent on foreign products is money not spent on items produced by domestic industries.6.What does the passage mainly discuss?B

A.Some worldwide economic problems.B.The cause and consequences of trade deficit.C.Lack of resources in underdeveloped countries.D.High labor and material costs in developed countries

7.According to the passage, a trade imbalance occurs when ____B____.A.a country is facing serious financial problems

B.a country buys more from other countries than it sells overseas

C.the value of a country’s exports is greater than that of its imports

D.products imported are more expensive than those exported

8.Many underdeveloped countries have trade deficits because ____D____.A.they failed to meet debt payments

B.they export most of their natural resources to other countries

C.they borrow too much money from other countries

D.they have to import most of their manufactured products

9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of a trade imbalance? A

A.The flow of currency out of the country.B.Low labor and material costs in Asian countries.C.Lack of natural resources.D.An undeveloped industrial base.10.It can be inferred from this passage that American industries __B______.A.do not pay their workers sufficiently

B.are hurt by a trade imbalance

C.imported labor and material from abroad

D.are able to prevent a trade deficit

Passage 2

Newspapers, along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinion.An important way for reading a large, big-city newspaper is knowing how to take it apart.Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, classified ads? Does your paper have other sections?

News stories give facts, not the author’s opinions.Editorials do the opposite: you can expect an editorial to take sides.Some newspaper editorials have a by-line with the author’s name, but many newspapers have unsigned editorials.These reflect the opinions of the publisher or editor.You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper.For example, you can expect headlines to omit unnecessary words.You can expect to find the most important facts in the

lead paragraph(the first paragraph)of a news story.You can expect important news items to be on the front page.You can expect less important items to be on the inside pages.Most of all, the more you know about the current news, the more you will understand what is in the newspaper;important stories are generally presented one day and followed up on following days.So, an important way for reading newspapers is reading one frequently.11.To read a large newspaper, a good way is ___C_____.A.to read it from cover to cover

B.to do some paper-cutting

C.to find separate sections

D.to predict what is inside the newspaper

12.Which of the following statements about news stories is true? A

A.News stories tell the facts without comments.B.News stories contain both facts and opinions.C.News stories reflect the opinions of the editor.D.News stories express the writer’s point of view.13.If you want to know less important news without any details, you can read ____B____.A.the lead paragraphs of the news on the front page

B.the headlines on the inside pages

C.news stories on the front page

D.news items on the inside pages only

14.To follow the current news, the best way is to ___C_____.A.read extensively and thoroughly

B.read various newspapers skillfully

C.read one newspaper frequently

D.read a large big-city newspaper carefully

15.The main idea of this passage is ____D____.A.how to read stories and editorials

B.how to find important news stories

C.how to tell apart different news sections

D.how to read newspapers effectively

第三部分：

A.词汇与结构

此部分共有5个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

16.When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above __D____.A.averageB.ordinaryC.normalD.usual

17.You are getting too old for football.You’d better ___B__ tennis instead.A.take inB.take upC.take forD.take over

18.What ___B___ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.A.appliesB.mattersC.refersD.happens

19.After the war Auntie May devoted herself __C___ 100 children at her home in Devon.A.in fosteringB.to fosteringC.to fosterD.fostering

20.People can only make choices if they are informed ___A___ what choices are available.A.ofB.inC.fromD.for

B.完型填空

以下短文中共包含10个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中空缺部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑People who speak or perform before the public sometimes may suffer from “Stage Fright”.Stage fright makes a person nervous.In that case, it can make one's mind go lank and forgetone ought to say, or to act.Actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, even radio show hosts suffered from stage fright at one time orDiana Nichols is an expert in helping people free from stage fright at a medical center in New York City.She helps actors learn Miss Nichols says some people have always been afraid to perform before the audience.Others, she says, develop stage fright after a(n)tearful experience.going onto the stage.control of your body.Miss Nichols persuades her patients to tell themselves that their speech or performance does nervous while they are performing.It is important that they should continue to perform while she

helped and what did not.As they perform more and more, they will fear less and less as much as 50%.Miss Nichols says the aim is only to reduce stage fright, not to smooth it awayThis a little stage fright makes a person more careful, andimprovesthe performance.B21.A.when

C22.A.two

B23.A.cure

D24.A.after

A25.A.get

A26.A.perfect

B27.A.people

C28.A.practically

D29.A.why

B30.A.increases

第四部分：英译汉 B.whatC.howD.whether B.otherC.anotherD.the otherB.controlC.holdD.protectB.whileC.duringD.beforeB.makeC.takeD.have B.fineC.goodD.pleasant B.adviceC.wordsD.measures B.easilyC.completelyD.really B.thatC.sinceD.because B.improvesC.hurtsD.puts on

请在15分钟内把下列3句英文翻译成中文，把答案写在答题纸上。

1.It’s not easy to keep in touch with friends when they’re far away.和你在远地的朋友保持联系是比较困难的。

2.You are the only person I can depend on to help me solve the problem

你是惟一一个能帮助我解决这个问题的人。

3.If the doctor had not told me to go on a diet, I could have eaten as much again.如果医生没有告诉我去减肥，我就能和以前吃的一样多。

第五部分：写作

要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。Benefits of Reading

1.阅读有很多好处，如：增长知识，开阔眼界等

2.应如何进行阅读

Benefits of Reading

There are a lot of benefits of reading...but here are a few:

It expands your vocabulary.It improves your spelling.It helps you understand different ways of life.It can be fun to read new stories and find out what happens.It expands your imagination.It helps you know what other people know, so that instead of repeating their mistakes and experiments, you can expand upon them and go farther as a community.It helps you drive from one place to another.It allows you the freedom to find out what other humans have had to say over the years.It helps you know what drugs are in which bottles.It helps when you have to mute the TV because you can read the subtitles and still know what is happening.It helps you go on the internet and interact.

第五篇：山东大学网络教育药剂学一

药剂学模拟题

一、名词解释

1.药典：是一个国家记载药品标准、规格的法典，一般由国家卫生行政部门主持编纂、颁布实施，具有法律的约束力。

2、热原:注射后能引起人体特殊致热反应的物质，称为热原。热原是微生物的代谢产物，是一种内毒素。

3．粘膜给药系统：是指粘附性聚合物材料与机体组织粘膜表面产生较长时间的紧密接触，使药物通过接触处粘膜上皮进入循环系统，发挥局部和全身作用的给药系统。

4．置换价：置换价（displacementvalue）是用以计算栓剂基质用量的参数，一定体积，药物的重量与同体积基质重量之比值称为该药物对某基质的置换价。置换价DV的计算公式：DV=W/[G－（M－W）] 5．靶向给药系统：系指一类能使药物浓集定位于病变组织、器官、细胞或细胞内结构，且 疗效高、毒副作用小的新型给药系统。由于药物能够在靶部位释放，可以提高靶组织的药理作用强度并能降低全身的不良反应。

二、举例说明下列物质在药物制剂中的主要作用和用途是什么？

1．PEG 6000：分子量6000的聚乙二醇类，即PEG 6000，能阻止药物的聚集，可使药物达到分子分散程度，作为固体分散体的载体，溶点低、毒性小，化学性质稳定，适用于熔融法、溶剂法制备固体分散体。

2.PEG 400：分子量为400的聚乙二醇类，即PEG400，相对分子量较低的聚乙二醇可用作溶剂、助溶剂、O/W型乳化剂和稳定剂，最适合来做软胶囊。

3.丙三醇：丙三醇是药品或原料药或中间体，甘油，能够使皮肤保持柔软，富有弹性，不受尘埃、气候等损害而干燥，起到防止皮肤冻伤的的作用。

4.丙二醇：1，3—丙二醇（1，3—PD）是一种重要的化工原料，可以参与多种化学合成反应，它与单体可以生成聚酯、聚醚、聚胺酯等多聚物。5.苯甲酸：消毒防腐剂，用于药品制剂或食品的防腐剂。

6.苯甲醇：苯甲醇具局部麻醉作用及防腐作用；主要用于医药针剂中作添加剂，药膏剂或药液里作为防腐剂。

7.NaHSO3：有抗氧化作用，是一种抗氧剂。

8.HPMC：又称羟丙基甲基纤维素，可作为亲水凝胶骨架材料，用于制作缓释、控释制剂，也可作为片剂的粘合剂。

9.淀粉：片剂的填充剂。制成淀粉浆可作为粘合剂。干淀粉是最经典的崩解剂。

10.滑石粉：能将颗粒表面的凹陷处填平，减少颗粒表面的粗糙性，降低颗粒间的磨擦力、改善颗粒的流动性。所以主要作为助流剂使用。

11.EC：乙基纤维素，不溶于水，在乙醇等有机溶媒中的溶解度大，可产生不同强度的粘性，对片剂的崩解及药物的释放产生阻滞作用。常用于缓、控制剂中（骨架型或膜控释型）。12.硬脂酸镁：为疏水性润滑剂，易与颗粒混匀，压片后片面光滑美观，应用较广。

13.三氯一氟甲烷：又称：氟里昂-11，是一种理想的抛射剂。但该物质对环境有危害，对水体可造成污染，对大气臭氧层破坏力极强。高浓度可诱发心律不齐和抑制呼吸功能。用作气雾喷射剂后，发现有哮喘病人忽然死亡的病例报告。

14.环氧乙烷：环氧乙烷是广谱、高效的气体杀菌消毒剂。可用于对热不稳定的药品和外科器材等进行气体熏蒸消毒。

15.甘油明胶：系将明胶、甘油、水按一定的比例在水浴上加热融化，蒸去大部分的水，冷 却后经凝固制得。有较好的弹性，在体温下不融化，能软化并缓慢溶于分泌液中缓慢释放药物，还能防止栓剂干燥变硬。16.卡波姆：系丙烯酸与丙烯基蔗糖交联的高分子聚合物。无毒,无刺激性,具有溶胀与凝胶特性以及增湿、润滑能力,铺展性良好,涂用舒适,并具有透皮促进作用,尤适于脂溢性皮炎的治疗。同时也是液体药剂良好的助悬剂、增稠剂。

17.PVA：聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶，目前普遍被认为是关节软骨良好的替代材料, 为一种可溶性树脂，一般用作粘合剂。聚乙烯醇的最大特点是可以自然降解，环境友好。

18.β-环糊精：环糊精是淀粉在环糊精葡聚糖转位酶作用下的分解产物，是一种环状的低聚糖化合物，具有中空圆筒状的化学结构，可改善药物的理化性质及生物学性质。β-环糊精是最为常用的制备包合物的材料。

19.CO2：是二氧化碳，是抛射药物的动力，其化学性质稳定，不与药物发生反应，不燃烧。常用于喷雾剂。

20.羊毛脂：能使主药迅速被粘膜及皮肤吸收。为优良的软膏基质及油包水型乳剂的乳化剂。因粘稠性大，涂于局部有不适感，不宜单独用作基质，常与凡士林合用，可增加凡士林的吸水性与穿透性。

三、回答下列问题

1.何谓药物的分配系数？测定药物的分配系数对药物制剂研究有何意义？

答：（1）药物的分配系数是指药物在两个不相混溶的溶剂中溶解并达平衡时浓度的比值。（2）意义：分配系数对研究开发包含两相溶剂系统或其制备过程的制剂具有实际意义。水分配系数较小的防腐剂并适当增加用量以保证其在水相中的抑菌较果。一些在水中不稳定、需要增加吸收或改变体内分布的药物的水包油乳剂，应选择对药物溶解能力强的油相，尽可能减少药物在水中的溶解。在薄膜蒸发法制备脂质体、以及乳化法制备微球等过程中，选择适宜的有机相和适宜的水相及其用量比，对提高微粒载体的载药量和包封率等具有重要意义。油/水分配系数，在非解离状态下具有较大的油/水分配系数，故通过调节pH可以改变解离型与非解离型药物的比例，进而改变药物的分配行为。

2．何谓助溶剂？增加药物溶解度的方法有哪些？

（1）助溶剂是指能增加其他物质的溶解度或溶解力的药物制剂。

（2）增加药物溶解度的方法有：1）制成盐类2）应用潜溶剂3）加入助溶剂4）使用增溶剂

3．粉体的流动性与粉体的哪些物理性质有关？改善粉体流动性咳采用哪些方法？（1）粉体的流动性与粒子的形状、大小、表面状态、密度、空隙率等有关。

（2）改善粉体流动性应采用的方法 ①增大粒子大小对于粘附性的粉状粒子进行造粒，以减少粒子间的接触点数，降低粒子间的附着力、凝聚力。②粒子形态及表面粗糙度球形粒子的光滑表面，能减少接触点数，减少摩擦力。③含湿量适当干燥有利于减弱粒子间的作用力。④加入助流剂的影响 加入0.5%～2%滑石粉、微粉硅胶等助流剂可大大改善粉体的流动性。但过多使用反而增加阻力。

4．制备固体分散体的技术方法有哪些？固体分散体的物相鉴别方法有哪些？

（1）制备固体分散体的技术方法有： ①熔融法；②溶剂法；③溶剂-熔融法；④研磨法；⑤溶剂-喷雾（或冷冻）干燥法。

（2）固体分散体的物相鉴别方法有： ①X线衍射法；②热分析法；③红外光谱法；④偏光显微镜法；⑤药物溶解度和溶出速率的测定。

5．何谓包合物？将药物制成包合物有何优点？

（1）包合物的概念：直链淀粉是由α-葡萄糖分子缩合而成的螺旋体，每个葡萄糖单元都仍有羟基暴露在螺旋外。碘分子跟这些羟基作用，使碘分子嵌入淀粉螺旋体的轴心部位。碘跟淀粉的这种作用叫做包合作用，生成物叫做包合物。（2）将药物制成包合物的优点有：包合物分散效果好，特别是β-环糊精包合物，它易于吸收，释药缓慢，副反应低。特别对中药中易挥发性成分经包合后，可大大提高保存率，并能增加其稳定性。

6．写出湿法制粒压片和小针剂制备工艺流程？（1）湿法制粒压片的制备工艺流程：

答：主药→粉

→过

加粘合剂

加润滑剂

→混合――――→造粒→干燥―――→

混合→压片

辅料→碎

→筛

（2）小针剂的制备工艺流程：

答：原辅料的准备；→容器处理；→配制；→过滤；→灌封；→灭菌检查；→质量检查；→印鉴包装等步骤。

7．脂质体的剂型特点是什么？

⑴制备工艺简单，一般药物都较容易包封在脂质体中。⑵水溶性及脂溶性两种类型药物都可包裹在同一脂质体中，药物的包封率主要与药物本身的脂水分配系数及膜材性质有关。

⑶脂质体本身对人体的毒性小，而且脂质对人体无免疫抑制作用。⑷在体内使药物具有定向分布的靶向性特征。

⑸可制成免疫脂质体，根据靶分子特性将脂质体运送到特定的组织中，与抗体可受体作用释放药物。

⑹药物包裹在脂质体中是以非共价键结合，易释放进入体内。

⑺脂质体静脉给药时，主要集中在血液中；经皮下或腹腔注射主要集中在局部淋巴结中。

⑻药物被包封于脂质体中，能降低药物的毒性，增加药效。

⑼能降低药物消除速率，延长药物作用的持续时间，增加药物的体内外稳定性。

8．生物技术药物有何特点？

生物技术药物是指采用现代生物技术，借助某些微生物、植物或动物而获得的药品。其特点有：⑴.药理活性高；⑵稳定性差；⑶分子量大。

9．中药剂型选择的依据和原则是什么？

中药剂型的选择应根据临床需要、药物性质、用药对象与剂量等为依据，通过文献研究和预试验予以确定。力求使研制出的中成药剂型符合“三小（服用剂量小、产生毒性小、副作用小）”、“三效（高效、速效或长效）”、“五方便（生产方便、储存方便、运输方便、携带方便、服用方便）”的原则。

10．在药物制剂设计研究时，防止光化和氧化可采取哪些措施？

答：防止光化可采取：易氧化药物制剂的过程中应尽量避光操作，并采取庶光包装材料及在避光条件下保存。如采取棕色玻璃瓶包装、注射剂还可在包装纸盒内衬垫黑纸，片剂可在包衣时加入庶光材料。

防止氧化可采取：煮沸除氧；加抗氧剂；加金属离子螯合剂；通惰性气体、调节PH值、避光等措施。

四、根据抗坏血酸分子结构特点及所学过的基本理论知识，结合药剂学实验，试设计制备10%抗坏血酸注射液（规格为500mg：5ml）1000ml的完整处方与制备工艺方法，并进行处方分析（抗坏血酸原料药按100%投料计算）参考答案：

处方：维生素C(主药)

100g

依地酸二钠（络合剂）

0.05g

碳酸氢钠（PH调节剂）

49.0g

亚硫酸二钠（抗氧剂）

2.0g

注射用水

加至1000ml 配制： 在配置容器中，加处方量80％的注射用水，通二氧化碳至饱和，加维生素C溶解后，分次缓缓加入碳酸氢钠，搅拌使完全溶解，加入预先配制好的依地酸二钠和亚硫酸氢钠溶液，搅拌均匀，调节药液PH6.0－6.2，添加二氧化碳饱和的注射用水至足量，用垂熔玻璃漏斗与膜滤器过滤，溶液中通二氧化碳，并在二氧化碳气流下灌封，最后于100℃流通蒸汽15min灭菌。

处方及工艺分析：

1.维生素C分子中有烯二醇式结构，显强酸性，注射时刺激性大，产生疼痛，故加入碳酸氢钠（或碳酸钠）调节PH，以避免疼痛，并增强本品的稳定性。

2.本品易氧化水解，原辅料的质量，特别是维生素C原料和碳酸氢钠，是影响Vc注射液的关键。空气中的氧气、溶液PH和金属离子（特别是铜离子）对其稳定性影响很大。因此处方中加入抗氧剂（亚硫酸氢钠）、金属离子络合剂及PH调节剂，工艺中采用充惰性气体等措施，以提高产品稳定性。但实验表明，抗氧剂只能改善本品色泽，对制剂的含量变化几乎无作用，亚硫酸盐和半胱氨酸对改善本品色泽作用显著。

3.本品稳定性与温度有关。实验表明，用100℃流通蒸汽灭菌，含量降低3%；而100℃流通蒸汽15min灭菌，含量仅降低2%，故以100℃流通蒸气15min灭菌为宜。