第一篇：英美文学后面几个人物简介
丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe 英国作家，英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe闻名于世，鲁滨逊也成为与困难抗争的典型模范，因此他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。继《鲁滨孙漂流记》后，又写了许多小说，比较有名的有：《辛格顿船长》、Captain Singleton 《摩尔 弗兰德斯》、Moll Flanders 《罗克查娜》Colonel Jack and Roxana.、《伦敦大疫记》、《一个骑士的回忆录》等。但他终生没有混入当时有名的文人圈子里。这些文人出身的社会地位比他高。他一生穷困，临死前为了避债不得不离家藏起来。
奥利弗·哥德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith 十八世纪著名的英国剧作家。不论是诗歌、小说、文章还是剧本，哥德史密的写作格风格均是以嘻笑怒骂的形式，藉以讽刺时弊。他最著名的两出喜剧是《善性之人》(The Good-Natuser Man, 1768)及 《屈身求爱》(She Stoops to Conquer, 1773)，他的戏剧以莎士比亚闹剧式的传统结构，企图重建他所谓的「畅笑」喜剧(“laughing” comedy)，致力打破当时英国舞台盛行的感伤主义，以提高公众的品味。哥德史密斯於1774年在伦敦去世，后人均会把他跟另一位著名英国喜剧家谢雷登(Richard Brinsley Sheridan)相提并论。其他作品有（The Vicar of Wakefield）（The Deserted Village)(The Traveller)(The Good-Naturd Man and She Stoops to Conquer)(The History of Little Two-Shoes)(The Citizen of the world)
简·奥斯汀Jane Austen 19世纪英国小说家，世界文学史上最具影响力的女性文学家之一，其最著名的作品是《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》，以细致入微的观察和活泼风趣的文字著称。奥斯汀的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备，起到了承上启下的重要作用。因此被誉为“地位可与莎士比亚平起平坐的文豪”，“女性中最完美的艺术家”。她的六部小说《理智与感伤》(Sense and Sensibility)、《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)、《曼斯斐尔德花园》(Mansfield Park)、《爱玛》(Emma)及作者逝世以后出版的《诺桑觉修道院》(Northanger Abbey)和《劝导》(Persuasion)
瓦尔特·司各特Walter Scott 残疾少年.生于爱丁堡的苏格兰古老家族.桂冠诗人1799年被任命为塞尔扣克郡副郡长。1802至1803年，他搜集整理的 3卷《苏格兰边区歌谣集》出版.1808年，长诗《玛密恩》出版。其他诗集作品有《湖上夫人》《特里亚明的婚礼》、《岛屿的领主》《无畏的哈罗尔德》。小说巨匠，优秀的除《威弗利》外，还有《清教徒》（1816）、《罗布·罗伊》(1817)和《米德洛西恩的监狱》(1818)《罗布·罗伊》等。最为著名的是《艾凡赫》（1819）和《昆丁·达沃德》（1823）。司各特的创作对欧洲历史小说起了开创作用，被尊为历史小说的创始人（如俄国评论家别林斯基把司各特看作“历史小说之父”）。英国的狄更斯、斯蒂文森，法国的雨果、巴尔扎克、大仲马，俄国的普希金，意大利的曼佐尼，美国的库柏等著名作家都曾受到司各特的深刻影响。其中美国的库柏有“美国司各特”之称。
查尔斯·约翰·赫芬姆·狄更斯Charles John Huffam Dickens 十九世纪英国最伟大的作家，也是一位以反映现实生活见长的作家，他在自己的作品中，以高超的艺术手法，描绘了包罗万象的社会图景，作品一贯表现出揭露和批判的锋芒，贯彻惩恶扬善的人道主义精神，塑造出众多令人难忘的人物形象。主要作品有《匹克威克外传》、（Pickwick Papers)《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)、《艰难时世》(hard times)、《我们共同的朋友》（our mutual friend）等。一百多年来他的代表作《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）在全世界盛行不衰，深受广大读者的欢迎。1870年6月9日狄更斯因脑溢血与世长辞。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特charlotte bronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte，1816-1855），英国小说家，生于贫苦的牧师家庭，曾在寄宿学校学习，后任教师和家庭教师。1847年，夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版著名的长篇小说《简·爱》，轰动文坛。1848年秋到1849年她的弟弟和两个妹妹相继去世。在死亡的阴影和困惑下，她坚持完成了《谢利》一书，寄托了她对妹妹艾米莉的哀思，并描写了英国早期自发的工人运动。她另有作品《维莱特》（1853）和《教师》（1857），这两部作品均根据其本人生活经历写成。夏洛蒂·勃朗特善于以抒情的笔法描写自然景物，作品具有浓厚的感情色彩。注：《教师》一书在她死后才出版，（）内的时间为出版时间。大约在1857年左右.作品小说1847年：代表作《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）1849年：《雪莉》（Shirley）1853年：《维莱特》（Villette）1857年：《教师》（The Professor），创作于《简·爱》之前，不过因为许多出版社拒绝出版，所以直到夏洛蒂死后才出版。诗歌《from Retrospection》：创作于1835年，1846年：《库瑞尔、艾利斯与阿克顿·贝尔的诗集》（Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell）
Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特
艾米莉·勃朗特，19世纪英国小说家、诗人，英国文学史上著名的“勃朗特三姐妹”之一。这位女作家在世界上仅仅度过了三十年便默默无闻地离开了人间，然而她唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)却奠定了她在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位。此外，她还创作了193首诗，被认为是英国一位天才型的女作家。艾米莉曾被誉为19世纪22位杰出诗人之一，代表作品有《老禁欲主义者》，《纪念品》、《囚徒》，《晚风》等。
Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代
托马斯·哈代，英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》（Tess of the D'Urbervilles）（1891）是他最优秀的小说，《无名的裘德》（Jude the Obscure）、《还乡》（The Return of the Native），和《卡斯特桥市长》。诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以及长篇史诗剧《列王》。代表作品有 《韦塞克斯诗集》，《早期与晚期抒情诗》，《德伯家的苔丝》。
1867年因健康问题返回故乡。最初写作诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。成名作是他的第四部小说《远离尘嚣》（Far from the Madding Crowd）（1874）。从此，他放弃建筑职业，致力于小说创作。1867-1868年完成第一部小说《穷人与贵妇》（The Poor Man and the Lady），但未能出版。首次发表的小说是《计出无奈》(Desperate Remedies)（1871）。接着发表《绿林荫下》（Under the Greenwood Tree）（1872）、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》（A Pair of Blue Eyes）（1873），开始了以威塞克斯（Wessex）为背景的一系列乡土小说的写作.
第二篇：英美文学重要人物及其作品
英美文学重要人物及其作品
一、William Shakespeare（莎士比亚）
（1）四大悲剧（Tragedies or dark comedies）
《哈姆雷特》：《 Hamlet 》
《奥赛罗》：《 Othello 》
《李尔王》：《 King Lear 》
《麦克白》：《 Macbeth 》
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》：《Romeo and Juliet 》
问题1：The first of the great tragedies is《 Hamlet 》，is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage , for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.第一个伟大的悲剧《哈姆雷特》，一般被认为是莎士比亚最受欢迎的舞台剧，因为它有能力的“blood-and-thunder“惊悚片、哲学探索的生活和死亡。
问题2：The successful romantic tragedy is 《Romeo and Juliet 》，which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.成功的浪漫的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，颂扬了对爱的忠贞的精神和追求幸福。
（2）喜剧（comedies）
《仲夏夜之梦》：《 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 》
《威尼斯商人》：《 The Merchant of Venice 》
《第十二夜》：《 Twelfth Night 》
《皆大欢喜》：《 As you like it 》
问题1：The most important play among the comedies is《 The Merchant of Venice 》,in which Shakespeare has created tension ,ambiguity , a self-conscious and self-delighting artifice that is at once intellectually exciting and emotionally engaging.最重要的是喜剧《威尼斯商人》中,莎士比亚创造了张力、歧义、自觉self-delighting手腕,和一次激动人心的、情绪智力从事。
（3）历史剧（history plays）
《亨利四世》《Henry IV 》…..《亨利五世》《Henry V 》….《查理二世》《 Richard II 》….《约翰王》《 King John 》
补充：传奇剧《暴风雨》The Tempest , an elaborate and fantastic story , is known as the best of his final romances.《暴风雨》一个精致的和奇妙的故事,就是我们所知道的最好的他最后的恋情
The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.《暴风雨》是一个典型的例子，在晚年生活他对人生和社会的悲观看法。
第三篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第四篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第五篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
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