第一篇:英语诗歌对比评析
Dingyu Wang(5***)Vy100 Professor Thorpe 11.22.2015
I Prefer Poets: Poets Can Do More than Barking In November 2011, Notch officially completed work on Minecraft 1.0, “an open world game that has no specific goals for the player to accomplish”(Gallegos), which turned out to be a huge success(McCarthy).McCarthy first regards its success as a mystery since it’s only an indie game without any advertising but he finally points out that the success is just because players“have free rein to build, build, build”(par.18).People do enjoythe freedom to think and create.In effect, the situation is analogical when people encounter poems.“Who Is a Poet” and “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” are two poems that both take advantages of audience’s imagination in order to convey its message.However, “Who Is a Poet” provides more freedom for audience to understand and to imagine, thus giving a more effective argument, while “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” restricts audience’s imagination in the author’s world by giving a detailed imaginary scene.The detailed reasons why “Who Is a Poet” is better than “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” will be gradually revealed by analyzing the logos, ethos, and pathos in those poems.Billy Collinswrites “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” in an imaginarily narrative way, encouraging people to seek joy amidst sorrow.In the poem, the neighbors’ dog keeps barking which almost drives the speaker craze.Then he falls into his imaginary world where the annoying dog becomes a soloist.The story that the speaker uses imagination to make an irritating dog so funny tells people not to be stuck by little annoyance and try to make life happier.Wang2
Alternatively, Tadeusz Różewicz writes “Who Is a Poet” to answer the question who is a poet.His argument is that poets are hard to define-anyone can be a poet under certain circumstances.Therefore, he actually gives a “vacant” definition of poets, and leaves the work to the audience who are guided to define their own poets.This kind of argument seems ridiculous but actually is a more effective way to argue such ill-defined items-it has no complete argument in the poem itself, but it has a unique argument once a reader start to read it.It’s the reader who completes the other half of the argument.Although the story in “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” is quite interesting, it can only offer a very limited extent.“Who Is a Poet” does a much better job in offering chances for audience to think deeply.As a result, the latter one is superior to the former one in the interaction between poets and audience, which makes it a better argument.The logos,or the width of a poem’s context may wellconstrain the width of audience’s thoughts, thus playing an important role in an argument.The objects are very limited in “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House”-just the neighbors’ barking dog and the fictional dog soloist.Although that“dog” is likely to be a represent of all the annoyance, which provides a little more extent, the poem is far more restricted in comparison with “Who Is a Poet”.In “Who Is a Poet”,Różewicz covers both abstract and figurative parts about poets.Thanks to its complex context, readers are able to think over it in severallevels, thus obtaining profound understanding that comes from thinking deeply.Generally, the width of poems’ contexts provides objective condition for readers to think freely.The ethos,or the reading process of a poem, does matter a lot with respect to the effect of the argument.Collins’s story starts from a narrative of the actual barking dog and then turns into a narrative of a fictional dog soloist using a transitional sentence “and now I can see him sitting
Wang3
in the orchestra”(Collins).The transitional sentence is a signal and it’s so clear and obvious that people jump into that particular scene without any other thoughts.However, the literal meaning of “Who Is a Poet” is somehow contradictory-Różewicz states a poet can be both one who writes verses and one who doesn’t write verse(Różewicz).The literal contradiction can lead audience into deeper thoughts, thus being capable of sending more messages which are not on the surface of the poem.This kind of sentence-pairs also appears in the beginning of the novel Tale of Two Cities-“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness …”(Dickens 8), which are a recognized extraordinary opening that constructs a solemn atmosphere.Such atmosphere helps people think deeply.The pathos isthe choice ofperson in poems.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” uses the first person which constrains the thoughts of readers, while “Who Is a Poet” is in the third person so that it can free the readers’ thoughts.Using the first person is known to be a good method to tell stories, though;it’s not a good idea to apply the first person in an argument.The use of “I” will absorb readers into the story and trap them within the story.Notice that although poems using the first person can take advantages of audience’s imagination,this kind of imagination is limitedwithin the author’s imagination.That is to say, the audience could at most imagine in the way the author imagines, being not able to go out of the author’s imagination.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” is actually an interesting poem with wild imagination, but after reading it, people only get the interesting idea of the barking dog and then little thing else.Alternatively, “Who Is a Poet” keeps in the third person and provides an insight of poets by offering a distance between readers and the characters in the poem.As a result, “Who Is a Poet” is also superior to “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” according to the pathos.Wang4
“The message of the poem was defined as the interpretation of the poem, often linked to theme but encompassing more than that.It involves analyzing of unfolding what that would mean to the reader”(Patel).That’s true.Therefore, in order to “have something to be unfolded”, poems need some extra space that is left to readers, as opposed to proses, which are designed to instill the text into readers’ brain thus providing no extra space for readers.People prefer play games rather than watch television, for the former activity provides the freedom to think and create and Minecraft made a huge impact just by providing freedom for players.Not surprised, the poem “Who Is a Poet” which possessesan expansive width, a guidance of in-depth reading process, and the solemn use of the third person is superior to “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House”, for the former one has a higher degree of freedom provided for audience.According to the history of human beings’ exploration, in which humanbeings try again and again to free themselves from the limit of nature, human beings do pursue freedom, and do enjoy freedom, even when they are reading a poem.Wang5
Works cited
Collins, Billy.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House.”
Dickens, Charles.Tale of Two Cities.London, GBR: ElecBook, 2001.ProQuest ebrary.Web.23 November 2015.Gallegos, Anthony.“Minecraft Review — PC Review at IGN.” IGN.Web.26 Nov.2015.McCracken, Harry.“The Mystery of Minecraft.” Time 181.21(2013): 40.Academic Search Complete.Web.23 Nov.2015.Patel, Pooja, and Leslie E.Laud.“Poetry Feedback That Feeds Forward.” Middle School Journal 46.4(2015): 24-31.ERIC.Web.22 Nov.2015.Różewicz, Tadeusz.“Who Is a Poet.”
第二篇:大学语文诗歌对比(精选)
二者各有千秋,不能单纯的去说谁更有深度。中国诗词善于写景抒情,以写景烘托气氛或造出意境,古代诗歌:
一、抒情性
诗歌是感情的产物,感情是诗歌的生命。没有感情的诗不是诗;感情不充沛,矫揉造作、无病呻吟的诗是苍白无力的诗。
二、形象性
诗要用形象思维。形象是一种饱含着某种思想感情的极富感染力的具象和境界,能够使读者沉浸其中,不自主的喜爱它、欣赏它,从而获得感情上的熏陶,精神上的滋养以及美的享受。
三、精炼性
这是诗歌起码的要求。即诗的语言要求用最简练的字句来表现最丰富的内涵,不能像流水帐,不分巨细什么都写。
四、审美性
诗歌必须是美的。诗美包括形象美、激情美、意境美、意象美、色彩美、结构美、语言美、韵律美、形式美等,五、含蓄性
诗贵含蓄,含蓄是中国古代诗人孜孜以求的写作境界。含蓄就是含而不露,耐人寻味,用极少的具体可感的艺术形象,来表现极丰富的生活内容和思想情感;以瞬间表现永恒,以有限传达无限,含不尽之意于言外。给读者以想象的广阔天空。
六、音乐性
指诗歌在朗诵时,要琅琅上口,悦耳动听,要有抑扬顿挫的韵律美和流畅回环的音乐感。
七、跳跃性
因为诗歌要精炼,而要精炼就不能拖泥带水,不能有繁琐的叙述、无谓的铺陈。跳跃可以省去许多不必要的描叙,使诗更精炼、集中。
八、象征性
象征是通过某一特定事物(象征物)来暗示与之有某种联系的概括、思想和感情。运用象征性的语句,可以使诗句更加凝聚、精炼,思想意义更加丰富、含蓄。
“现代诗”名称,开始使用于1953年—纪弦创立“现代诗社”时确立。现代诗的含义:
1.形式是自由的2.内涵是开放的
3.意象经营重于修辞。
“古典诗”与“现代诗”的比较:“诗”者皆为感于物而作,是心灵的映现。“古典诗”以“思无邪”的诗观,表达温柔敦厚、哀而不怨,强调在“可解与不可解之间”。“现代诗”强调自由开放的精神,以直率的情境陈述,进行“可感与不可感之间”的沟通
现代诗(也称新体诗),准确地说应当称其为“自由诗”,它是二十世纪三、四十年代新文化运动时期,在反对“八股文”等一系列文化改革创新中,由郭沫若首先发明、创造并运用于诗歌创作之中的,像郭沫若所写的自由诗《女神》、《凤凰涅磐》等。这种诗歌摒弃古诗词的许多戒律,提倡自由,不受长短句约束,对平仄虽有要求,但不如古诗词严格,这种体裁的出现与当时的社会文化背景关系极为密切。
中国的诗词更注重的是一种意境的创造,追求言已尽而意未尽的效果,让人有无限的遐想空间,这种诗歌的出现是因为中国古代传统的思维方式是感悟式直觉思维方式。即使到了现在,中国人写诗歌依然追求意境的营造,如果说得太白了,就没有意思了,当然当代一些新新人类作家的作品追求一种直白,则是另外一回事,并不能一概而论,毕竟这些人并不代表中国诗歌创作的主流。
另一方面,中国诗词讲究含蓄,以淡为美,可直接拼合,语法关系松散,有种浓缩感,给读者留下充分的想象空间。
从表现内容来看,中国诗词多以歌颂为主,从另一个角度来说,中国诗歌习惯表达的是现世的志向、爱情还有一些社会的运动,再就是一些由现实的得意和失意所勾起的情绪和感情 从体裁看,中国诗尚短不尚长,追求“言有尽而意无穷”,“无声胜有声”。
第三篇:对比诗歌答题技巧
对比诗歌答题技巧大家都知道吗?下面小编整理了对比诗歌答题技巧,欢迎大家阅读学习!
对比诗歌答题技巧
1.把握主人公的立足点
一般而言,把握抒情主人公的时空立足点,就可以为贯通全诗提供一个坚实的平台,是解读诗歌的重要方法。抒情类诗的主体分为两类:一类有诗人设身代言,即诗人设想自己就是诗中的人,为他们奔走呼喊,代他们倾诉衷肠;一类是诗人直抒胸臆,抒情主人公的形象也就是诗人自身的形象。总体看,后一类居多。
2.关注诗歌的题目
诗歌的题目是诗人写作意图的集中体现,它像一条红线,串联起散落在诗歌中的珍珠,像一个窗口,让我们看到诗人的内心世界。关注题目,分析题意,同样是贯通全诗的重要方法。因为并不是所有的诗都能找到立足点,像咏物诗、咏怀诗、咏史诗、哲理诗等,一般就没有,那就更应该关注题目。
3.了解诗歌的结构
“起承转合”是古典诗歌尤其是近体诗的结构中固有的特征,在一定程度上,我们可以把它作为一个视角窥探作者的思路,进而贯通全诗。在初三复习备考中,如果我们遵循这种规律的话,会收到事半功倍的效果。凡依着起承转合的程式来写的诗,尤其要注意起句,因它往往是贯通全诗、解读全诗的钥匙。
4.答题应紧扣原诗的内容
命题者对诗歌鉴赏考查的目的是看看我们是否真正读懂了诗歌,因此对思想内容和表达技巧的分析,必须结合原诗歌的具体内容来进行,千万不能空泛而谈。如果是选择题则要紧扣原诗词内容进行判断选择,否则难以说明自身是否读懂了原诗。
5.明白选择题选项常见干扰设置
句意理解方面:误解多义字、对象错位、偷换概念等;思想感情分析方面:无中生有、牵强附会、任意拔高等;表达技巧方面:张冠李戴、想当然等。我们在平时要多加练习,并及时总结答题规律。
6.熟悉有关意象与意境的知识
诗人一般借意象来表现自我,诗人作为主体,往往与意象这个客体合而为一。有时诗中有几个意象,各个意象之间都有一定的联系。在中国古典诗歌中,讲究的是“一切景语皆情语”的天人感应模式,所以我们在鉴赏景或物的同时,往往要联系鉴赏诗人的形象。而且这两者又常常是一致的。
7.清楚诗人的用典
古代的诗人喜欢用典,其原因一是借他人酒杯浇胸中块垒,为表达委婉一些;二是以古喻今,更理直气壮一些;三是可以用较少的文字传递较多的信息,使表达简明一些。一般用典有两层含义:(1)用历史旧事,借古喻今;(2)引用或化用前人诗句,既自明心迹,又丰富诗歌的意蕴,提高诗歌的文化品位,用黄庭坚的话来说就是“脱胎换骨”。
8.记诵诗歌鉴赏口诀
从题目认识对象;从字面读出感觉;从注释破解难点;从作者了解背景;从原作找到根据;从题干得到启示;从首联找到特点;从尾句参透主旨;从景物把握情感;从意境洞察心胸。
第四篇:诗歌对比鉴赏训练题
诗歌对比鉴赏训练题
(一)比较阅读描写庐山瀑布的两首诗和苏轼评价它们的一首诗,完成下列各题。日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。
——李白
虚云落泉千仞直,雷奔入江不暂息。今古长如白练飞,一条界破青山色。
——徐凝 帝遣银河一律垂,古来惟有谪仙词。飞流溅沫知多少,不与徐凝洗恶诗。
——苏轼
1.根据诗歌意象填空。(3分)
李白诗中的“紫烟”,即徐凝诗中的“ ”。徐凝诗中的“落泉”,即李白诗中的“ ” 李白诗中的“银河”,即徐凝诗中的“ ” 2.苏轼诗对李徐二诗作了评价,试指出苏轼对二诗的看法,并说说你的理解。(3分)
(二)阅读下面两首古诗,按要求回答问题。
约客
赵师秀
黄梅时节家家雨,青草池塘处处蛙。有约不来过夜半,闲敲棋子落灯花。
雨晴
王驾
雨前初见花间菱,雨后全无叶底花。蜂蝶纷纷过墙去,却疑春色在邻家。1.两首诗分别描写了什么季节?分别描写了什么景物?(2分)
2.两首诗分别突出了一个“等”字和一个“惜”字。请分别说明它们是怎样突出这个字的。
(三)读下面两首诗和词,按要求回答问题。
大林寺桃花
白居易
人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开。长恨春归无觅处,不知转入此中来。
清平乐
黄庭坚
春归何处?寂寞无行路。若有人知春去处,唤取归来同住。
春无踪迹谁知,除非问取黄鹂。百啭无人能解,因风飞过蔷薇。1.两首诗寻觅春天的方式有所不同,请在诗中找出相关诗句来。(2分)
2.说说二诗反映的作者的感情的共同点和不同点。(4分)
(四)阅读两首《相见欢》,按要求答题。
相 见 欢
李煜
无言独上高楼,月如钩。寂寞梧桐深院锁春秋。剪不断,理还乱,是离愁。别是一番滋味在心头。
相 见
欢
朱敦儒
金陵城上西楼,倚清秋。万里夕阳垂地大江流。中原乱,簪缨散,几时收?试倩悲风吹泪过扬州。
1.“剪不断,理还乱”表现了作者怎样的心绪?“簪缨”指代什么?“几时收”表达了作者怎样的思想感情?(3分)
2.试比较两首词在风格上的差异。(3分)
(五)阅读王维《杂诗》二首,按要求回答问题。
(一)家住孟津河,门对孟津口。常有江南船,寄书家中否?
(二)君自故乡来,应知故乡事。来日绮窗前,寒梅著花未? 1.这两首诗从不同的角度抒写了怀乡思亲之情。请从抒情主人公身份的角度作简要说明。(2分)
2.诗
(二)“来日绮窗前,寒梅著花未?”抒情主人公只问“花”而不问“人”,和其他,这里用了什么表达技巧?有什么表达作用?(2分)
3.这两首诗在语言风格和句式运用上有什么作用? 答:语言风格上:
句式运用上:
(六)阅读王冕咏梅的两首诗,按要求回答问题。
白
梅
冰雪林中著此身,不与桃李混芳尘。忽然一夜清香发,散作乾坤万里春。
墨
梅
我家洗砚池头树,朵朵花开淡墨痕。不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤。1.白梅诗中“不与桃李混芳尘”中“混”是“混同”的意思,是说白梅具有什么样的特点?墨梅诗表现了画中梅花的什么特点?(2分)
2.墨梅诗运用了什么表现手法?抒发了作者怎样的思想感情?(2分)
3.两首诗在表达上有什么相同之处?(2分)
(七)阅读下面两首唐诗,按要求回答问题。
田园乐
王维
桃红复含宿雨,柳绿更带朝烟。花落家僮未扫,莺啼山客未眠。
春 晓
孟浩然
春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声,花落知多少? 1.这两首诗在写作内容上的共同之处是什么?(2分)
2.从艺术表现手法来看,两首诗的差异主要体现在哪些方面?请写出其中一个方面。(4分)
(八)阅读下面两首唐诗,按要求回答问题。
山房春事
岑参
梁园日暮乱飞鸦,极目萧条三两家。庭树不知人去尽,春来还发旧时花。
登崖州城作
李德裕
独上高楼望帝京,鸟飞犹是半年程。青山似欲留人住,百转千匝绕郡城。
注:崖州,今海南岛海口市。李德裕,唐武宗时的宰相,唐宣宗时被贬到崖州。
1.两首诗分别表达了作者什么样的思想感情?(3分)
2.两首诗在抒情方式上有什么不同?(3分)
(九)阅读下面一首唐诗,按要求回答问题。
过三闾庙
戴叔伦
沅湘流不尽,屈子怨何深。日暮秋风起,萧萧枫树林。
1.文有“文眼”,诗有“诗眼”,如杜甫《春夜喜雨》,“喜”字就是“诗眼”。“诗眼”可在诗题中,也可在诗句中,《过三闾庙》一诗的“诗眼”是 字。(1分)
2.“沅湘流不尽”这种写法,与《孔雀东南飞》的开头“孔雀东南飞,五里一徘徊”是否相同?为什么?(3分)
3.从写作技巧方面简要点评“日暮秋风起,萧萧枫树林”这两句诗。(2分)
(十)阅读韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》和苏轼《赠刘景文》,回答问题。
早春呈水部张十八员外
韩愈 天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。
赠刘景文
苏轼
荷尽已无擎雨盖,菊残犹有傲霜枝。一年好景君须记,最是橙黄橘绿时。1.两首诗分别写了什么季节的景物?诗人抓住了哪些景物来表达感情?
2.试从修辞手法的角度,分析苏轼诗所表达出的思想感情。
(十一)、阅读下面两首诗歌,完成下列各题。
塞上听吹笛
高适
雪净胡天牧马还,月明羌笛戍楼间。借问梅花何处落,风吹一夜满关山。
夜上受降城闻笛 李益
回乐峰前沙似雪,受降城外月如霜。不知何处吹芦管,一夜征人尽望乡。(1)比较两首边塞诗的思想感情。
(2)比较两首诗的表现手法。
(十二)阅读下面两首宋诗,完成后面的题目。(8分)(湖北卷)
登
城
望湖楼晚景
刘敞
苏轼
雨映寒空半有无,横风吹雨入楼斜,重楼闲上倚城隅。
壮观应须好句夸。浅深山色高低树,雨过潮平江海碧,一片江南水墨图。
电光时掣紫金蛇。
(1)两诗均写江南雨景,但景色有异,《登城》写的是□□□□,《望湖楼晚景》写的是疾风骤雨。(2分)
(2)两诗第三句都描写相对静止的画面,请分别说说它们在原诗结构中的作用。
(3)以上两首诗,刘诗优美,苏诗壮美,请结合诗句赏析。(4分)
[诗歌比较鉴赏参考答案]
(一)1.虚云
飞流
白练
2.从苏轼诗可以看出,苏轼先肯定了李诗,后否定徐诗,一句“古来惟有谪仙词”可看出苏轼对徐诗的全盘否定。(2分)整体来讲,李诗想象奇特,意境飞动,气势磅礴;徐诗虽有夸张,却无奇思妙想,气势不如李诗充足,但也不是如苏轼所评价的那样一无是处。(2分)
(二)1.《约客》所涉及的是黄梅时节(夏季),描写的景物有雨、蛙等;《雨晴》描写的是春天的景色,主要景物有花间菱、叶、蜂、蝶等。
2.《约客》主要通过交待时间“过夜半”和描写细节“闲敲棋子落灯花”,突出一个“等”字;《雨晴》则主要通过“雨前”“雨后”的对比和“蜂蝶纷纷过墙去”的描写,突出一个“惜”字。
(三)1.白诗是“长恨春归无觅处”。黄诗是“除非问取黄鹂”。
2.惋惜春光流逝的深情是二诗作者感情的共同点。不同点是白居易最终找到了春,充满惊讶和喜悦;黄庭坚没有找到春天,感到无限怅惘和苦闷。
(四)1.六朝民歌中常用“丝”谐音“思”,李煜也用丝来比喻愁思。“剪不断,理还乱”,表现了愁思纷繁和难以排解。“簪缨”是贵族官僚的服饰,用来代人。“几时收”,既是词人渴望早日收复中原心事的表露,也是对南宋朝廷偏安苟且的愤懑和斥责。
2.虽然两首词的词牌都是“相见欢”,格律一样,但各自所表现的感情却完全不一样,风格也有很大差异。“离愁”是人们内心的一种抽象的感情,李后主却把它写得很形象,写出其滋味,写出了一种非常深切的人生感受。“无言”又加上“独上”,仿佛使人看到一个“斯人独憔悴”的孤独身影。西楼见月,夜已深沉,孤影徘徊,不能入寐,其人浓重的愁绪跃然纸上。全词表现得哀婉动人。朱词则通过“夕阳”“大江”“悲风”等意象,寄托了词人的国破之痛和对中原人民的深切怀念,感情激越,语尽而情意悠悠不尽,有豪放之风。(能回答“婉约”“豪放”可给2分,能运用词中句子分析,得3分)
(五)1.诗
(一)是在家人(或女方)询问船家有无离家人(或男方)的来信;诗
(二)是离家人(或男方)向来客询问自己家中的情况。
2.诗人选取典型细节,用借代手法,以“花”代指亲人和家中的一切,问“花”是表达思亲还乡之情,这样写,感情含蓄、真切,富有情趣。
3.语言风格上,质朴清新,口语入诗,平淡而隽永。句式运用上,以文句结尾,可见对亲人急切的思念之情,言有尽而意无穷。
(六)1.白梅具有不与桃李争高低,更不愿与其为伍的清高品格。墨梅具有高洁、清秀、淡雅、朴素的特点。
2.运用了托物言志的手法,抒发了王冕不向世俗献媚的坚贞、纯洁的操守。3.都是借梅花抒怀写志,袒露了自己的襟怀,表达了自己的节操与抱负。
(七)1.都写了春天的早晨的景色,如夜雨、啼鸟、落花等,以及人们在春天早上迟起的情景。(景和事各1分)
2.如王诗以动写静,着力于视觉形象;孟诗由静入动,诉之于听觉感受。王诗绘彩着色,以形写意;孟诗纯用白描,重在写意。王诗着眼于空间景物的抒写;孟诗则着眼于时间过程的描写。(只要写出一处,意思对即可。仅写出一首诗的特点不给分)
(八)1.《山房春事》表达了作者对战乱带来的萧条衰败及昔盛今衰的慨叹。《登崖州城作》表达了作者对帝京的怀念及有家归不得的痛苦与绝望的心情。2.《山房春事》是借景抒情——作者通过乱鸦夕照与春花怒放不调和的画面表达思想感情。《登崖州城作》是即景抒情——通过登城所见抒发内心的感受。虽然两者抒情手法略有差别,但抒情方式都不是直抒胸臆,而是委婉含蓄。
(九)1.“怨”。
2.相同。(1分)都运用了“起兴”(或“比兴”、“兴中带比”、“兴”)的手法。(2分)3.这两句诗用“寓情于景”、“情景交融”的写法,写眼前之景,其实,言外自有一种悲凉之气。(或:后两句写眼前日暮风起,枫林萧萧,情寓景中,为屈子传哀怨之声,空际传神,不着迹象,言外自有一种悲凉慷慨之气。)
(十)1.韩愈写的是早春,能摄春之魂,“草色遥看近却无”写出了雨后春草远望和近看的传奇景色,给读者以无穷的美感。苏轼诗写的是初冬,“荷尽”、“菊残”“傲霜”,既写景,又咏物喻人。
2.“残菊犹有傲霜枝”与“荷尽已无擎雨盖”相对,内容相近,构成“流水对”。这里菊花残了,枝干尚能傲霜独立的描写,既写了景,咏了物,也借物喻人,赞颂了刘景文的品格和节操。最后一句,既是实写,也是借代,作者把萧条的初冬写得富有生机和诗意,表现出诗人旷达明朗的性情和胸襟。语浅情遥,耐人寻味。
(十一)(1)高诗通过“雪净”、“月明”等景,表现将士归来、胡马北去的和平宁谧;写笛声,表现盛唐豪情和些许怀乡之情。
李诗通过“似雪沙”“如霜月”,表现边塞环境的险恶和景象的荒寒;写笛声,表现怀乡的迷惘和悲凉。
(2)高诗妙用通感,将《梅花落》笛曲的听觉转化为梅花飘落的视觉,边地无梅引发故乡梅联想。
李诗恰切比喻,“沙似雪”、“月如霜”,写出边塞环境的险恶和荒寒。
(十二)(1)和风细雨
(2)①刘诗第三句承接前两句,并与蒙蒙细雨叠加,以形成下句江南水墨图意境②苏诗第三句从“横风吹雨”转入“雨过潮平”,为描写雷电蓄势。.承上启下(3)①刘诗通过写雨映寒空,山深树幽,倚楼眺 望的一幅水墨画,运用白描手法,描绘出一幅江南水墨图。②.苏诗通过写横风斜雨,潮江涌动,运用比喻手法,写出了雨 前,雨后的壮观美景。
第五篇:注塑英语对比句子
成型工艺流程及条件介绍
Molding technique procedure and parameter introduction
第一節 成型工艺
Section 1 molding technique.1.成型工艺参数类型
Sorts of molding parameter.(1).注塑参数
※※※※ction parameter.a.注射量
※※※※ction rate.b.计量行程
Screw back position
c.余料量
Cushion
d.防诞量
Sucking back rate
e.螺杆转速
Screw speed
f.塑化量
Plastic0 rate
g.预塑背压
Screw back pressure
h.注射压力和保压压力
※※※※ction pressure and holding pressure
i.注射速度
※※※※ction speed
(2)合模参数
Clamping parameter
a.合模力
Clamping force
b.合模速度
Clamping speed
c.合模行程.Clamping stroke
d.开模力
Opening force
e.开模速度
Opening speed
f.开模行程
Opening position
g.顶出压力
Ejector advance pressure
h.顶出速度
Ejector advance speed
i.顶出行程
Ejector advance position
2.温控参数
Temperature parameter
a.烘料温度
Dry resin material temperature b.料向与喷嘴温度
Cylinder temperature and nozzle temperature
c.模具温度
Mold temperature
d.油温
Oil temperature
3.成型周期
Molding cycle
a.循环周期
Cycle time
b.冷却时间
Cool time
c.注射时间
※※※※ction time
d.保压时间
Holding pressure time
e.塑化时间
Plant time
f.顶出及停留时间
Knocking out and delay time
g.低压保护时间
Mold protect time
成型工艺参数的设定须根据产品的不同设置.Molding technique parameter setting differs depending on type of product 第二节成型条件设定
Section 2 Molding parameter Setting
按成型步骤:可分为开锁模,加热,射出,顶出四个过程.Molding steps: mold opening/closing, heating ※※※※ction and knocking out.开锁模条件:
Mold opening parameter:
快速段中速度
低压高压速度
High-speedmid-speed
Low pressure high pressure speed
锁模条件设定:
Mold closing parameter setting
1锁模一般分:快速→中速→低压→高压
Mold closing: high-speed →low-speed →low pressure→high pressure
2.快锁模一般按模具情况分,如果是平面二板模具,快速锁模段可用较快速度,甚至于用到特快,当用到一般快速时,速度设到55-75%,完全平面模可设定到80-90%,如果用到特快就只能设定在45-55%,压力则可设定于50-75%,位置段视产品的深浅(或长短)不同,一般是开模宽度的1/3.In high-speed section, Mold closing speed depends on type of mold.For two –plate mold it can set quick and even especially quick usually, it set speed within 55-75%.For full-plate mold it set speed within80-90% while using especially high speed it set speed within 45-55% and pressure within 50-75% position distance setting differs depending on the volume of product and usually it can be set 1/3 of mold opening position.3.中速段,在快速段结束后即转换成中速,中速的位置一般是到模板(包括三板模,二板模)合在一块为止,具体长度应视模板板间隔,速度一般设置在30%-50%间,压力则是20%-45%间.In mid-speed section: Mold closing speed changes into mid-speed after high-speed section finish.Mid-speed start position is where two plates meet(include three-plate mold and two-plate mold)Distance of mid-speed is up to distance of two plates plate it speed within 30-50% and pressure 20-45%.4.低压设定,低速设定一般是在模板接触的一瞬间,具体位置就设在机台显示屏显示的一瞬间的数字为准,这个数字一般是以这点为标准,即于此点则起不了高压,高于此点则大,轻易起高压.设定的速度一般是15%-25%,视乎不同机种而定,压力一般设定于1-2%,有些机则可设于5-15%,也是视乎不同机种不同.Low-pressure section: Mold closing sets low-pressure when plates meeting.This position is set to the data of machine screen on this time.This point is the gage of the data.Data lower the point there is no high-pressure.Data higher the point there is high-pressure easily.It set speed within 15-25% and pressure within 1-2% depending on type within 1-2% depending on type of ※※※※ction molding machine.5.高压设定,按一般机台而言,高压位置机台在出厂时都已作了设定,相对来讲,是不可以随便更改的,比如震雄机在50P.速度相对低压略高,大约在30-35%左右,而压力则视乎模具而定,可在55-85%中取,比如完全平面之新模,模具排气良好,甚至于设在55%即可,如果是滑块较多,原来生产时毛边也较多,甚至于可设在90%还略显不足.High-pressure section: To normal ※※※※ction molding machine, high-pressure position had been set before they were sent to customer.It can not be modified.For example high-pressure position of CHENHSONG machine is 50P.The speed of high-pressure section is about 30-35% and higher than that of low-pressure.The pressure is up to mold, it can set within 55-85% For full-plate mold, it’s eject air well, it can set pressure 55%.If mold has a lot of slides and flash rate high in production, pressure can set 90%.加热工艺条件设定
Heating technique parameter setting
1.加热段温度设定必须按照产品所使用的原料的不同而不同,但却必须遵循一个这样的规则,即由射口筒到进科段温度是逐步递减的.且递减温度是以10.度为单位.The proper temperature setting differs depending on type of resin material, but it must be abide by a rule that temperature setting should diminish in step 10.C from nozzle to feeding resin material position.2特殊情况下.如料头抽丝,则射口筒温度应降低,如果是比较特殊的原料冷凝比较快的.则射口筒温度则不止比第二节法兰温度高10度.比如PPS.尼龙等.Nozzle temperature setting should low if product line.If resin material such as
PPS, PA, cool very soon , Nozzle temperature should higher more 10.C than the second cylinder temperature.3.机台马达启动温度视乎机台不同而不同,一般出于对机台油路中的油封保护需要,油温最好能控制在40度-60度,以免油封长期高压而变化,缩短使用寿命,造成成型不稳定.Pump turning on temperature is different depending on type of ※※※※ction molding machine.To protect oil seal of machine it set oil temperature within 40.C-60.C, If oil seal work on condition that high pressure and damaged It’s work time will be shorter, it can cause molding stable.第三节注射及熔胶(加料)工艺条件设定
※※※※ction and plastic Technique parameter setting
一.注射
※※※※ction 第四节常见塑料原料的有关温度值.原料
Resin名称
Name熔点℃
Melt’s成型温度℃
Molding Temperature(’c)分解温度℃
Decomposing Temperature(‘C)模具温度℃
Mold Temperature(‘c)干燥温度℃
Resin dry temperature(‘c)
注射是把塑料原料经加热后射进模腔的过程,它一般可分为第一级,第二级,第三级,第四级及保压几段:
※※※※ction is a step which ※※※※ct melt resin material into mold.It consists of stepl,step2 ,step3,step4 and holding pressure step:
1.第一级注射一般是注射料头段.具注射量一般可根据料头的轻重来估计其行程,当然也可以依据公式来计算,如公式:
Step l ※※※※cts usually tunnel material, ※※※※ction Volume can be estimated according to the weight of course it can be calculated by formula:
L=Si=Vi/0.785Ds2
L:注射行程;Si:注射行程;
L: ※※※※ction stroke Si: ※※※※ction stroke
Vi:理论注射容积;Ds:螺杆直径;
Vi: ※※※※ction volume of theoretical Ds: diameter of screw
0.785:是Ω/4的值.0.785: value ofΩ/4.当然,如果我们在成型时每设定一个参数都要计算一次,要成型出一个产品就要几个小时才能完成了.But it cost a lot of time to produce one product if every time molding parameter is setting by calculation.2.第二级是注塑产品约2/3的阶段,当然,根据产品特殊需要,也允许成型不到2/3阶段,比如避免结合线问题,这一阶段的成型速度及压力一般是整个成型段的最大值段,如果排的产品与机台基本是相吻合的.模具结构合理,排气良好,这一段的压力一般也不会超过80%.速度侧视产品需变,可能大到95%也可,自然一般都是在55%-80%间.Step 2 ※※※※ct 2/3 of product.It can lower 2/3 of product according to requirement of product.For example to prevent weld line.Molding speed and pressure on this step is the maximum of whole molding section.If Mold suit the ※※※※ction molding machine and mold structure reasonable and eject air well, pressure of this step should lower 80%.Molding speed setting within 55-80% but it may setting 95% for especial product.3.第三段是注射余下的1/3段,其速度和压力根据产品的需要,一般是小于第二段,速度和压力存在于一个往下降的过程.主要是为了防止产品毛边的产生,但同时又必须把产品充填饱满.Step3 ※※※※ct remain 1/3 of product.According to product molding speed and pressure lower than that of step2 To prevent flash speed and pressure should decrease but it can’t shot short.4.第四段:一般有机台还有第五,第六段,这段的成型速度和压力相同前,都存在两段一个递减过程.其作用都是起到一个再次充满的作用.Step4 section: Some ※※※※ction machines have step5,step6 which are same as former molding speed and pressure this step should diminish and ※※※※ct once more.5.保压段:不论成型什么产品,都存在一个保压过程.任何产品都不同程度的存在一个厚薄不一的问题,正常情况下,较厚的部分都可能存在一个收缩凹陷的现象,为了解决这种现象,就应应用到保压,保压一般来讲都应用较慢的射速,而压力的设置则应看缩水的情况如何,小到25%,大到80%都有可能.Holding pressure step: No matter what product there is a holding pressure step.Any product can’t molding a same thickness.Usually the deeper section may sink mark.To prevent this defect it should set holding pressure, The ※※※※ction speed of holding pressure step is slow but holding pressure setting within 25-80% depending on sink mark.二.熔胶段工艺
Plastic Technique
1.再复杂的熔胶旋转过程最多不会超过三段,因为熔胶本身就是存在于把胶熔进料筒的过程,如果原料粘度大,熔胶压力则大,但速度则应取决于原料的分解温度,熔胶速度越快,原料中的剪切力则会越大,料管温度则越高,局部原料产生分解的可能性则会越大,故一般熔胶会采用中速为宜,如45%-75%,熔胶同时会碰到一个比较重要的环节,那就是背压的使用,产品精度要求越大,背压的使用则更大,背压可使原料分子间结构更紧密,成型出的产品则尺寸更稳定,外观越好.当然,背压太大,则会产生流涎,所以背压的使用又应考虙到其它原因.Plastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure.Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature.Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable.But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high.So all factors should be considered when using screw back pressure.2.熔胶过程还有一个比较重要的环节,那就是松退,松退分前松退和后松退,其作用一般是为了防止流涎和抽丝,设定值速度和压力都在20%-50%间,设定的行程一般在2-5cm间,太长的行程可能会使料筒里面贮存空气,导致下一模出现不期望的气泡.In plastic step sucking back is very important too.Sucking back include front sucking back and back sucking back It setting sucking back to prevent flow and line.It sets sucking back speed and pressure within 20-50% and distance within 2-5cm.TOO long distance make cyclinder reserve air and cause bubble at next molding.顶出的工艺设定
knocking out technique setting
产品经冷却定型后则有一个开模的过程,开模基本上是合模的反过程.开模的未段则有一个慢速设置,开模完成后,产品必须顶出的过程.There is a mold opening step after product cooling taking shape.Mold opening is a reverse step of mold closing.The last step of mold opening speed set slow.Product should be knocked out after mold opened.一.顶前:
Knocking out
顶前最好分两个阶级,第一阶可分为中压慢速,即是把产品轻轻顶出一部分,然后是中压中速顶,中压中速一般指的是35%-55%,而低速则有可能低到5%,这需视产品不同而言,顶出行程设定是顶出长度稍比产品垂直深度大1-2cm即可.Knocking out includes two steps, Step1 section setting mid-speed, knocks product out partly step2 section setting mid-pressure and mid-speed.Depending on different product, mid-pressure and mid-speed sets within 35-55% but low-speed can set 5%.Distance of knocking out longer 1-2cm than the vertical thickness of product.第四节常见塑料原料的有关温度值.原料
Resin名称
Name熔点℃
Melt’s成型温度℃
Molding Temperature(’c)分解温度℃
Decomposing Temperature(‘C)模具温度℃
Mold Temperature(‘c)干燥温度℃
Resin dry temperature(‘c)
注射是把塑料原料经加热后射进模腔的过程,它一般可分为第一级,第二级,第三级,第四级及保压几段:
※※※※ction is a step which ※※※※ct melt resin material into mold.It consists of stepl,step2 ,step3,step4 and holding pressure step:
1.第一级注射一般是注射料头段.具注射量一般可根据料头的轻重来估计其行程,当然也可以依据公式来计算,如公式:
Step l ※※※※cts usually tunnel material, ※※※※ction Volume can be estimated according to the weight of course it can be calculated by formula:
L=Si=Vi/0.785Ds2
L:注射行程;Si:注射行程;
L: ※※※※ction stroke Si: ※※※※ction stroke
Vi:理论注射容积;Ds:螺杆直径;
Vi: ※※※※ction volume of theoretical Ds: diameter of screw
0.785:是Ω/4的值.0.785: value ofΩ/4.当然,如果我们在成型时每设定一个参数都要计算一次,要成型出一个产品就要几个小时才能完成了.But it cost a lot of time to produce one product if every time molding parameter is setting by calculation.2.第二级是注塑产品约2/3的阶段,当然,根据产品特殊需要,也允许成型不到2/3阶段,比如避免结合线问题,这一阶段的成型速度及压力一般是整个成型段的最大值段,如果排的产品与机台基本是相吻合的.模具结构合理,排气良好,这一段的压力一般也不会超过80%.速度侧视产品需变,可能大到95%也可,自然一般都是在55%-80%间.Step 2 ※※※※ct 2/3 of product.It can lower 2/3 of product according to requirement of product.For example to prevent weld line.Molding speed and pressure on this step is the maximum of whole molding section.If Mold suit the ※※※※ction molding machine and mold structure reasonable and eject air well, pressure of this step should lower 80%.Molding speed setting within 55-80% but it may setting 95% for especial product.3.第三段是注射余下的1/3段,其速度和压力根据产品的需要,一般是小于第二段,速度和压力存在于一个往下降的过程.主要是为了防止产品毛边的产生,但同时又必须把产品充填饱满.Step3 ※※※※ct remain 1/3 of product.According to product molding speed and pressure lower than that of step2 To prevent flash speed and pressure should decrease but it can’t shot short.4.第四段:一般有机台还有第五,第六段,这段的成型速度和压力相同前,都存在两段一个递减过程.其作用都是起到一个再次充满的作用.Step4 section: Some ※※※※ction machines have step5,step6 which are same as former molding speed and pressure this step should diminish and ※※※※ct once more.5.保压段:不论成型什么产品,都存在一个保压过程.任何产品都不同程度的存在一个厚薄不一的问题,正常情况下,较厚的部分都可能存在一个收缩凹陷的现象,为了解决这种现象,就应应用到保压,保压一般来讲都应用较慢的射速,而压力的设置则应看缩水的情况如何,小到25%,大到80%都有可能.Holding pressure step: No matter what product there is a holding pressure step.Any product can’t molding a same thickness.Usually the deeper section may sink mark.To prevent this defect it should set holding pressure, The ※※※※ction speed of holding pressure step is slow but holding pressure setting within 25-80% depending on sink mark.二.熔胶段工艺
Plastic Technique
1.再复杂的熔胶旋转过程最多不会超过三段,因为熔胶本身就是存在于把胶熔进料筒的过程,如果原料粘度大,熔胶压力则大,但速度则应取决于原料的分解温度,熔胶速度越快,原料中的剪切力则会越大,料管温度则越高,局部原料产生分解的可能性则会越大,故一般熔胶会采用中速为宜,如45%-75%,熔胶同时会碰到一个比较重要的环节,那就是背压的使用,产品精度要求越大,背压的使用则更大,背压可使原料分子间结构更紧密,成型出的产品则尺寸更稳定,外观越好.当然,背压太大,则会产生流涎,所以背压的使用又应考虙到其它原因.Plastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure.Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature.Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable.But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high.So all factors should be considered when using screw back pressure.2.熔胶过程还有一个比较重要的环节,那就是松退,松退分前松退和后松退,其作用一般是为了防止流涎和抽丝,设定值速度和压力都在20%-50%间,设定的行程一般在2-5cm间,太长的行程可能会使料筒里面贮存空气,导致下一模出现不期望的气泡.In plastic step sucking back is very important too.Sucking back include front sucking back and back sucking back It setting sucking back to prevent flow and line.It sets sucking back speed and pressure within 20-50% and distance within 2-5cm.TOO long distance make cyclinder reserve air and cause bubble at next molding.顶出的工艺设定
knocking out technique setting
产品经冷却定型后则有一个开模的过程,开模基本上是合模的反过程.开模的未段则有一个慢速设置,开模完成后,产品必须顶出的过程.There is a mold opening step after product cooling taking shape.Mold opening is a reverse step of mold closing.The last step of mold opening speed set slow.Product should be knocked out after mold opened.一.顶前:
Knocking out
顶前最好分两个阶级,第一阶可分为中压慢速,即是把产品轻轻顶出一部分,然后是中压中速顶,中压中速一般指的是35%-55%,而低速则有可能低到5%,这需视产品不同而言,顶出行程设定是顶出长度稍比产品垂直深度大1-2cm即可.Knocking out includes two steps, Step1 section setting mid-speed, knocks product out partly step2 section setting mid-pressure and mid-speed.Depending on different product, mid-pressure and mid-speed sets within 35-55% but low-speed can set 5%.Distance of knocking out longer 1-2cm than the vertical thickness of product.