第一篇:2009年广州市化学中考试题及参考答案重点
2009年广州市初中毕业生学业考试 化学
(满分100分,考试时间80分钟
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 O一16 Mg一24 S一32 第Ⅰ卷(选择题共40分
一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分 注意:每道选择题有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题意。1.下列过程中利用了化学变化的是(A.用疏通淤泥的办法整治广州市的河涌 B.用稀盐酸使生锈的铁制品恢复光亮 C.海水经过蒸馏成为可以饮用的蒸馏水 D.用95%的酒精配制75%的医用消毒酒精精
2.灾区人民解决用水困难的一个应急办法,是将浑浊的河水直接静置(或投入沉淀剂静置后过滤。若在化学实验室进行过滤操作,下列仪器不需要的是(3.下列物品不是
..用合成有机高分子材料制造的是(A.丁苯橡胶轮胎 B.U盘的塑料外壳 C.腈纶毛衣 D.纯棉T恤
4.下列原子属于金属元素的是(5.下列关于人体健康的说法正确的是(A.微量元素是人体必需的,应尽可能多吃含微量元素的营养补剂 B.油脂危害人体健康,应尽量不吃
C.食物加入铁强化剂的酱油,有助于防治缺铁性贫血 D.食用甲醛溶液浸泡保鲜的水产品有利健康 6.下列物质中,不能..在氧气中燃烧的是(A.金箔 B.铁丝
C.木炭 D.氢气
7.下列关于溶液的说法,不正确...的是(A.冷却或加入硝酸钾固体都能使接近饱和的硝酸钾溶液达到饱和 B.汗水浸湿的衣服晾干后出现白色斑迹,是因为水分蒸发后盐分结晶析出 C.氨水是氨气的水溶液,根据气体溶解度变化规律,贮存时要阴凉密封 D.氯化钠在20℃时溶解度是36g,则100g的氯化钠溶液中含有氯化钠36g 8.下列物质中能与CuSO4溶液发生置换反应的是(A.Ag B.Fe C.NaOH溶液 D.HCl溶液
9.集气瓶中装满某气体,可能是下列气体中的一种:①二氧化碳②一氧化碳③空气④氮气。
将燃着的木条伸入瓶中,火焰立即熄灭,则该瓶气体可能是(A.①或② B.②或③ C.①或④
D.③或④
10.亚硝酸钠(NaNO2是一种工业用盐,外观酷似食盐,人若误食,会引起中毒。亚硝酸
钠中氮元素的化合价是(A.+1 B.+3 C.+4 D.+5 11.下列关于H2和H2SO4的叙述,正确的是(A.都含有氢元素 B.都含有氢分子 C.都含有氢离子 D.都是化合物
12.将50g20%氯化钾溶液稀释到200g,稀释后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是(A.1% B.5% C.10% D.20%
13.有一包化学肥料,可能是硫酸铵、碳酸氢铵、过磷酸钙、氯化钾中的一种。取少量样品,观察到其外观为白色晶体,加水后能全部溶解;另取少量样品与熟石灰混合、研磨,没有刺激性气体放出。这种化肥是(A.氯化钾 B.碳酸氢铵 C.硫酸铵 D.过磷酸钙
14.下列关于分子和原子的说法不正确...的是(A.分子在化学反应前后种类和数目保持不变 B.分子在不停地运动 C.原子可以直接构成物质 D.原子是化学变化中的最小粒子
15.向pH为4的盐酸中加入下列物质,混合后溶液的pH可能会减小的是(A.纯水 B.氢氧化钠溶液 C.pH为4的盐酸 D.硫酸溶液
16.下列实验能观察到明显现象的是(A.氢氧化钠溶液滴入氯化钡溶液中 B.稀盐酸滴入硫酸钠溶液中 C.硝酸银溶液滴入氯化钠溶液中 D.硫酸钠溶液滴入碳酸钡中
17.下列各组各有两种物质,它们的化学式和所属的物质类别都正确的一组是(18.下列实验方案中,设计合理的是(A.用过滤的方法软化硬水
B.用燃烧木炭的方法制备纯净的二氧化碳气体 C.用浓硫酸除去氢气中的水蒸气
D.用紫色石蕊溶液鉴别澄清石灰水和氢氧化钠溶液 19.炼铁高炉中发生了下列反应:(①高温下一氧化碳将铁矿石还原为铁 ②高温煅烧石灰石
③灼热的焦炭和二氧化碳反应
④焦炭充分燃烧 其中属于化合反应的是 A.①和④ B.②和③ C.③和④ D.只有④
20.有甲、乙、丙、丁四种金属。只有甲在自然界主要以游离态存在。丁盐的水溶液不能用
乙制的容器盛放,但可以用丙制的容器盛放。这四种金属的活动性由强到弱的顺序是
(A.甲>乙>丁>丙 B.丙>丁>乙>甲 C.丙>乙>丁>甲 D.乙>丁>丙>甲
第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共60分
二、本题包括5小题,共30分。21.(4分用化学用语填空:(1 1个氧分子____________,2个氢原子_____________,氧化铝_____________
(2某新型消毒剂由Cl、O两种元素组成,且每个分子中含有1个Cl原子,2个O原子,该消
毒剂的化学式是_____________。
22.(5分碘是紫黑色晶体,可以溶解在汽油中,形成紫红色溶液。(1碘的汽油溶液中,溶质是____________,溶剂是____________;(2甲、乙、丙三个同学分别画出下面的示意图,表示溶液中碘分子的分布(汽油分子没有画出。
①如果已同学的示意图符合事实,应该观察到的现象是____________;②根据你在实验中观察到的现象,____________(填甲、乙、丙的示意图符合事实。
23.(6分将下列两组中的两种反应物混合,回答下列问题:(1根据实验事实完成下表(没有发生反应的,化学方程式一栏“/”
(2分析上述实验,反应能够发生的共同原因是:反应物1中都含有(填化学用语,下同
___________,反应物2中都含有___________。
24.(5分A、B、C、D、E五瓶无色透明溶液,分别是HCl溶液、Na2CO3溶液、MgCl2溶
液、NaNO3溶液、NaOH溶液中的一种。分别进行下列实验: Ⅰ.将A分别滴入B、C、D、E中,均没有明显现象。
Ⅱ.将B分别滴入A、C、D、E中,C、E中均产生白色沉淀,其余没有明显现象。
Ⅲ.将C分别滴入A、B、D、E中,B中产生白色沉淀,D中有气泡冒出,其余没有明显现象。
(1A是____________,B是____________,C是____________;(2B加入E中的化学方程式是____________;(3C加入D中的化学方程式是____________。25.(10分CO2是一种常见的氧化物。
(1CO2能与碱反应,写出它与B a(O H2溶液反应的化学方程式:(2CO2有广泛的用途。工业上可用CO2生产小苏打:一定条件下,向饱和氯化钠溶液中通
入氨气(NH3和CO2,即可析出碳酸氢钠固体,此时溶液变浑浊;过滤,滤液中含有氯化铵。该反应的化学方程式是(提示:方程式配平后,物质化学式前的化学计量数均为1;
(3化石燃料燃烧产生大量CO2。大气中CO2含量过高会导致温室效应等环境问题。
①天然气(主要成分为CH4完成燃烧的化学方程式是;②计算1g CH4完全燃烧产生CO2的质量m(精确到0.01g;③从下表数据分析,与煤相比,用天然气做燃料的优点是。
三、本题包括4小题,共30分。26.(3分
(1用pH试纸测定液体的pH时,所需用品除玻璃片、pH试纸外,还需要______________;
(2用量筒量取一定体积液体时,液面如右图所示,该液体的体积 是mL。
27.(7分某同学设计下表所示实验,探究金属铜对H2O2分解速率的影响。
回答下列问题:(1仪器的①名称是______________,仪器③的名称是______________;(2仪器②中实验的目的是;(3根据上述实验,可以得出的结论是;(4如果用本实验探究铜是不是H2O2分解的催化剂,需要对上述实验方案进行补充,其中
必要的是________。A.称量实验前铜丝网的质量 B.将实验后的铜丝网干燥、称重 C.向仪器中加入二氧化锰
D.将实验后的铜丝网插入AgNO3溶液中
28.(12分实验室用98%的浓硫酸配制成稀硫酸,并与锌粒反应制取氢气。(1查阅资料。
20℃时不同质量分数硫酸的密度(g/mL
分析以上数据,可以得出结论(写2条 ①;②;(2计算。
配制200g24.5%的稀硫酸,需
g98%浓硫酸和 g 水。实际操作时,取98%浓硫酸 mL(精确到1mL;(3配制稀硫酸。
分别用量筒量取所需水和浓硫酸,先将 倒入烧杯中,然后;(4制取氢气。
①下图中可用于制取、收集氢气的装置是(填字母;
②检验氢气纯度的方法如图所示,标明氢气不纯的现象 是。
29.(8分有三种白色粉末,分别是碳酸钠、碳酸钙和氯化钠中的一种。请设计一个实验方
案,把这三种粉末区分开来。叙述实验操作、预期现象和结论。
2009年广州市初中毕业生学业考试 化学(参考答案
(满分100分,考试时间80分钟
一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.B11.A 12.B 13.A14.15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.D 第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共60分
二、本题包括5小题,共30分。21.(4分用化学用语填空:(1 O2,2H,Al2O3(2ClO2 22.(1碘,汽油;(2 ①底部颜色深 ②甲。
23.(6分将下列两组中的两种反应物混合,回答下列问题:
(1根据实验事实完成下表(没有发生反应的,化学方程式一栏“/”
(2氢离子,氢氧根离子。24.(1A是NaNO3溶液,B是MgCl2溶液,C是Na2CO3溶液;点燃(2 MgCl 2+NaOH==2NaCl+Mg(O H 2↓;(3Na 2CO 3+2HCl==2NaCl+ H 2O+ CO 2↑。25.(10分CO 2是一种常见的氧化物。(1CO 2+ B a(O H 2== B a CO 3↓+ H 2O(2 NH 3 +CO 2+NaCl==N a H C O 3+N H 4C l ↓;(3
①CH 4+2O2====2H 2O+CO 2;②m=2.75 ③热值高,产生的二氧化碳少,对环境的影响小。
三、本题包括4小题,共30分。26.(3分(1玻璃棒;(242 mL。
27.(7分某同学设计下表所示实验,探究金属铜对H 2O 2分解速率的影响。
回答下列问题:(1试管,烧杯;(2对比;(3铜可以加快过氧化氢溶液分解的速率;(4 A B D 28.(1①硫酸溶液中溶质的质量分数越大,溶液的密度越大。;②硫酸溶液的密度比纯水的密度大。;(2 50g,150 g,27 mL(3配制稀硫酸。水,然后将浓硫酸沿着烧杯壁慢慢注入水中并不断用玻璃棒进行搅拌;
(4 ①AB;②听到尖锐的爆鸣声。29
第二篇:广州市2011年中考数学试题及答案
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第三篇:2012年广州市中考英语试题及答案
秘密★启用前
20l2 年广州市初中毕业生学业考试
英 语
本试卷共五大题,12 页,满分135 分。考试时间120 分钟。
一、听力(共两节,满分35 分)略
二、语言知识及运用(共两节,满分20 分)第一节单项选择(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)从16~25 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
16.--Is this ____book you were talking about yesterday?--Yes,thank you very much.A.a
B.all
C.the
D.不填
17.I asked her _____the bag because it was too expensive.
A.not to buy
B.to buy not
C.not buying
D.not buy 18.--It’s surprising that he got such a high mark!--Yes.I wonder ________ it.
A.how did he do
B.how he did
C.why did he do
D.that he did 1 9.Although you may meet some difficulties,you should never ______.
A.turn up
B.get up
C.give up
D.grow up
20.You _______ be hungry after the long walk.Help yourself to some cakes.
A.can’t
B.shouldn’t
C.need
D.must 21.--I’ve got the final Harry Potter book.
--You will love it.I ______ it twice already.
A.am reading
B.have read
C.was reading
D.will read 22.--Do you like this movie?
一Yes,it's the _____ one I’ve ever seen.
A.better
B.best
C.good
D.well
23.He has to earn lots of money ______he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A.so that
B.such that
C.that
D.in order
24.Ms Wang is an excellent teacher.______ in our class loves her.
A.Someone
B.No one
C.Everyone
D.Anyone
25.Whenever he was late,he could find plenty of excuses ____ sounded reasonable.
A.who
B.where
C.when
D.which
第二节语法选择(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从26~35 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People all over the world celebrate Valentine’s Day.However, the holiday 26 differently in different countries 27 each culture has its own Valentine’s Day customs. For example,people in the United States and Japan both celebrate Valentine’s Day 28February 14.But in Japan,only romantic partners come together, while in America,it can be shared by anyone 29 is close,friend or lover.Chocolate is the most preferred gift in the US 30 it is common in Japan,too.However, in the US other kinds of gifts are 3 1 given,and many people exchange cards. The biggest 32 is that in Japan,only girls and women.33 chocolates to boys and men,but in the US boys and girls will give cards or small gifts to all of 34 friends.And while American men and women both receive gifts,women usually get 35 expensive gifts than men.That’s why I would like to be a man in Japan but a woman in the US!26.A.celebrates
B.is celebrating
C.celebrated
D.is celebrated 27.A.although
B.where
C.because
D.if 28.A.on
B.in
C.at
D.by 29.A.whom
B.who
C.whose
D.which 30.A.so
B.as
C.and
D.or 31.A.too
B.either
C.neither
D.also
32.A.difference
B.differences
C.different
D.differently 33.A.give
B.to give
C.giving
D.given 34.A.theirs
B.they
C.them
D.their 35.A.many
B.more
C.few
D.fewer
三、完形填空(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~45 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Although it was only autumn,everything outside was covered in white.Unexpectedly, we were hit with a big 36 storm and no one was prepared. We have two apple trees in our backyard.Prana,our dog,loves 37.When she goes outside,she usually grabs a dirty apple from the ground to eat later on.Prana knows that when she brings her treasure into the house,I am not always 38,so she tries to hide it from me.It is our little game. On the day that it snowed too 39 in the season,Prana went outside and I 40 her from the window.I noticed that she was 41 lots of holes and bringing out the apples buried beneath the snow.She seemed to be 42 to dig up as many apples as she could. But when she came back inside,she brought back only one.About five minutes later, I looked outside.The yard was completely 43 with birds.Prana had dug up all those apples for her bird friends to eat.She knew that they hadn’t prepared 44 food for the early winter.This beautiful act of unconditional love from a(an)45 taught me what real kindness was.
36.A.sand
B.snow
C.thunder
D.rain 37.A.apples
B.winter
C.games
D.bones 38.A.clear
B.correct
C.happy
D.surprised 39.A.1ate
B.beautifully
C.1ightly
D.early 40.A.met
B.watched
C.called
D.heard 41.A.hiding
B.finding
C.cutting
D.digging
42.A.determined
B.suitable
C.nervous
D.encouraged 43.A.hit
B.marked
C.covered
D.taken 44.A.delicious
B.enough
C.1ess
D.extra 45.A.teacher
B.friend
C.animal
D.bird
四、阅读理解(共20 小题;每小题2 分,满分40 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、c 和D 项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)Paul and Jason were brothers who lived and worked on neighboring farms.For 35 years they farmed side by side,sharing machinery and goods as needed,without a single problem. However,one autumn,things changed.It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse,which grew into a major difference.The difference led to angry words,followed by weeks of silence between the two brothers. One morning there was a knock on Paul’s door.He opened it and saw a builder holding his toolbox.―I’m looking for a few days’ work,‖the builder said.―Are there any jobs here I could help with?‖ ―Yes,‖answered Paul,extremely pleased to see the builder.―I do have a job for you.Look at that farm across the creek(小溪).That’s my brother’s farm.That creek used to be a grass field,but last week my brother dug a path from the fiver and made the creek.But I'11 go him one better.See that pile of wood?1 want you to build me a fence,two meters tall,so 1 won’t need to see him anymore.‖ The builder said thoughtfully.―I think I understand the situation and I'll be able to do a job that pleases you.‖ Paul had business in town that day and left the builder to his work.When he returned,the builder had just finished his job.Paul was shocked.Instead of a fence there was a bridge,stretching from one side of the creek to the other. As Paul stood on the bridge,staring in amazement,his younger brother Jason,came across,and took Paul’s hand.―You are a good man to have built this bridge after a11 I've done,‖said Jason. Then,Paul,with tears in his eyes,said to the builder who was packing his bag to go,―Thank you so much。Please stay.I have much more for you to do.‖ ―I’d love to.‖the builder said quietly,―'but,I have many more bridges to build.‖
46.What was the cause of the disagreement between the two brothers? A.The digging of the creek.
B.A problem about a farm animal.
C.Who owned the field between the farms.
D.Who would pay for building the fence.
47.The underlined expression― go him one better‖ in paragraph 4 means ·
A.do something even worse
B.improve the situation
C.point out his mistake
D.help him out
48.What do we know about the brothers?
A.They had been fighting for many years.
B.Their farms were not very successful.
C.They finally realized their mistakes.
D.They liked building bridges.
49.Why did the builder build the bridge?
A.He needed a way to get across the river.
B.There was not enough wood for the fence.
C.He misunderstood Paul’s instructions.
D.He wanted to bring the brothers together.
50.In what order did the following take place in the story?
a.The brothers stood on the bridge.
b.Jason dug the creek.
c.The brothers became angry with each other, d.The builder asked for work.
e.Paul went into town.
A.b,c,e,d,a
B.c,b,d,e,a C.b,e,c,a,d
D.c,d,b,a,e(B)
Last year in the UK at least 45 people died and 900 more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones.Yet many people continue to use.Then while driving even though it’s dangerous. Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate 0n driving and talking at the same time.It can even be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much.A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones,their stopping times were 30 percent slower than when they had drunk too much—and nearly 50 percent slower than when they were driving normally.It also found that drivers talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers. And talking isn’t even the most serious problem.Texting is.Unbelievably, another recent study reported that 22% of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month.An average text message takes 90 seconds to write and send.That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone’s screen and not at the road.The arrival of new smart phones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before. Using a mobile phone while driving puts others’ lives at risk.No matter how well we drive,if another driver is not being professional or careful,we are put in danger by their actions.Such drivers are selfish,careless and should have their driving licenses(驾照)cancelled. There is no doubt that mobile phones call be fun and are extremely useful,especially when you’re in trouble.But there is no need to use them while driving.Just wait until you stop or you will probably get into trouble of your own.
51.The underlined word ―'them‖ in paragraph 1 refers to.A.phone users
B.mobile phones
C.drivers
D.ears
52.According to the passage,if a driver needs 10 seconds to stop when driving normally, they will need seconds to stop when talking on a mobile phone.
A.12.
B.13.
C.14.D.15.
53.According to the passage,in what order do the following activities influence driving? Dangerous→ More dangerous→ Most dangerous
A.drinking → talking on phone→ texting
B.texting → talking on phone→ drinking
C.talking on phone→ texting→ drinking
D.drinking → texting→ talking on phone
54.Why will new types of mobile phones make the driving problem worse? A.It will take longer to send text messages.
B.People will want to talk on their phones more often.
C.There will be more things for people to do with their phones.
D.People think the new phones are easier and safer to use.
55.According to the writer, what should be done to people who use mobile phones when driving? A.They should be put into prison.
B.Their cars should be taken away.
C.Their phones should be taken from them.
D.They should not be allowed to drive any longer.
(C)
Although he died almost 40 years ago,Bruce Lee is still considered the greatest and most influential kung fu performer of the 20th century.His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new level of popularity,and introduced kung fu to millions of people in the West.Born in the USA in 1940,Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his birthday.As a teenager,the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of Hong Kong’s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies.He was more interested in sport,especially kung fu,and hanging out with his street-gang friends.In 1959,Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting.His mother,fearing he would end up in prison,sent him to the USA.Two years later, he began studying at university there.While still a student,Lee opened his own kung fu school,teaching a new fighting style he had developed.What made Lee’s style different was that it used power,strength and,quick— action attacks.It also combined(融合)Japanese,Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional stow—moving Chinese kung fu. Among Lee’s students were several famous actors who,impressed by his good—looks and fighting skill,encouraged him to start acting.Over the next five years Lee achieved some Success in America.But his dream of introducing his fighting style into America movies was not accepted by local film makers who thought western audiences were not interested in kung fu.Determined to prove them wrong, Lee returned to Hong Kong in 1970.There he made two films Fists of Fury(1971)and Way of the Dragon(1972).Using his kung fu ideas and techniques.The movies were huge hits world –wide, making Lee an international star and symbol of kung fu.These were followed by what is widely considered the greatest kung fu movie of all time, Enter the Dragon(1973).Tragically however, Lee suddenly and mysteriously died while making his next movie Game of Death.He was only 33 years old.56.As a teenager, Lee was very _________.A.quiet
B.hard—working
C.brave
D.smart 57.Why was Lee sent to America?
A.His parents wanted him to study at a university there.B.He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.C.His family feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.D.He was determined to become a successful and pop-star actor there.58.How was Lee’s style of kung fu different from the traditional Chinese style?
A.It was much faster.B.It was easier to learn.C.It made people more powerful.D.It was much more dangerous.59.What was Lee’s dream according to the passage?
A.To develop a new style of kung fu.B.To become a famous movie star.C.To make movies using his fighting style
D.To teach Americans kung fu.60.According to the passage, how many kung fu movies did Lee completed in his lifetime?
A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.(D)
61.Who is organizing the party?
A.The Evans Center on Erie Road.B.The New York City Fire Department.C.The Boys and Girls Club of Lake Shore.D.The New York City Hospital.62.What is the cheapest way to get to the party?
A.By bus.B.By train.C.By car.D.By boat.63.Which of the following is true about the party?
A.Children under 12 are not allowed to attend.B.All drinks for the first guests are free.C.Tickets can only be bought online.D.There are different activities for guests.64.How much will a family of four(two parents and their 14-year-old twins)Pay to attend the party if they drive and park there?
A.90 dollars.B.110 dollars.C.120 dollars.D.140 dollars.65.What is the main purpose of the poster?
A.To raise money for young people.B.To tell people how to get to the party.C.To advertise the dance party.D.To explain the rules of the party.五、写作(共三节,满分30分)
第一节 单词拼写(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)
根据下列句子及所给的单词的首字母写出所缺单词,在填写答卷时,要求写出完整的单词(每空限填一词)
66.He is very smart.He went to university at the a_______ of 15.67.Never cross the street when the traffic light is r______.Wait until it’s green.68.It doesn’t look like rain, so you needn’t b_________ your umbrella with you.69.I miss my family and really feel l________ without any friends in this new city.70.Where is my watch? I can’t E_________ it.第二节 完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据所给的汉语内容,用英语完成下列句子。(每空限填一词)71.你们彼此用邮件联系吗?
Do you ___________ __________ __________ with each other by e-mail? 72.看电影时我们既不能大声喧哗也不能吃东西。
We should _________ talk loudly ___________ eat in the theater while watching a movie.73.多么美丽而宁静的岛啊!
__________ __________ beautiful and quiet island it is!74.上周,怀特先生被邀请做了一个语言学习的讲座。
Last week, Mr.White ___________ ___________ to give a speech on language learning.75.我不明白他们为何对这位美国歌星如此疯狂。
I can’t understand __________ ___________ ___________ so crazy about this American singing star.第三节 书面表达(共1题,满分15分)
你是学校英文报的小记者李华。请给你校初三学生写一封公开信,就如何保持考前健康提出建议。主要内容如下:
(1)早睡早起,保持充足睡眠;(2)饮食均衡,少吃垃圾食品;(3)多做体育运动;(4)你的其它建议。
注意: 1.词数80字左右(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入词数);
2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。Dear students, As we all know, good health is important for success in the exams, so I’m writing to …… ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes and stay healthy.Yours, Li Hua
2012年广州市中考英语
参考答案
听力部分:
笔试部分:
选择题:
16-20 C A B C D
21-25 B B A C D
语法填空:
26-30 D C A B C
31-35 D A A D B
完形填空:
36-40 B A C D B
41-45 D A C B C
阅读理解:
46-50 B A C D B
51-55
B D A C D 56-60 D C A C B
61-65
B A D B C
单词题:
age
red
bring
lonely
find
句子题:
keep in touch
neither...nor/ not...or 73 What a
was invited 75 Why they are 写作:
Dear students, As we all know, good health is important for success in the exams, so I’m writing to tell you how to keep healthy.First,we should get enough sleep during the night.We can go to bed early and get up early.Staying up late is bad for our health.Second, we must have the right kinds of food.We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.We should drink a lot of water.We should have healthy eating habits.Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day.If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.Best wishes and stay healthy.Yours, Li Hua
第四篇:九年级化学中考重点题型训练《计算题》答案
计算题
类型1
有关化学式的计算
例1(2020阜新中考)在预防“新冠肺炎”期间,过氧乙酸是人们广泛使用的消毒剂之一。过氧乙酸的化学式为C2H4O3,试计算:
(1)过氧乙酸的相对分子质量为________。
(2)过氧乙酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为________(填最简整数比)。
(3)过氧乙酸中氧元素的质量分数为________(计算结果精确到1%)。
跟踪训练
1.糖类是人类食物的重要成分,在人体组织里,葡萄糖(C6H12O6)在酶的催化作用下经缓慢氧化转变成CO2和H2O,同时放出能量(已知每克葡萄糖放出约16
kJ的能量)。请回答:
(1)葡萄糖的相对分子质量为。
(2)葡萄糖分子中碳、氢、氧原子数目比为
(填最简整数比)。
(3)一般人每行走1
km大约需消耗170
kJ的能量。假设这些能量全部来自葡萄糖,请问:小明同学步行5
km大约需消耗
(取整数)克葡萄糖。
2.(2020湘潭中考)蔗糖是储藏在某些植物中的糖,它的化学式为C12H22O11,是食品中常用的甜味剂。请回答下列问题:
(1)蔗糖属于
(选填“有机化合物”或“无机化合物”)。
(2)蔗糖是由
种元素组成,其中氢元素和氧元素的质量比为1∶8(填最简整数比)。
(3)34.2
g蔗糖中含有
g碳元素。
类型2 有关化学方程式的计算
文字叙述型计算题
例2(2020百色中考)往59.65
g硝酸钡溶液中滴加52
g硫酸钾溶液恰好完全反应,反应后得到溶液的质量为100
g。求反应后生成的溶液中溶质质量分数。
坐标曲线型计算题
例3(2020咸宁中考)实验室中稀硫酸因标签破损,需测定其质量分数。某化学兴趣小组的同学取该稀硫酸样品50
g,逐滴加入质量分数为16%的NaOH溶液,溶液的pH随加入NaOH溶液质量的变化如图所示。
(1)图中A点时溶液中溶质的化学式是________。
(2)求稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程,结果精确到0.01%)。
实物、流程图型计算题
例4(2020齐齐哈尔中考)合金是重要的金属材料,常用来制造机械零件、仪表和日用品。某化学研究小组利用黄铜(铜、锌合金)进行了如图所示实验,请计算:
(1)生成氢气的质量为________g,黄铜中锌的质量为________g。
(2)过滤后所得溶液的溶质质量分数。
跟踪训练
3.(2020天津中考改编)为测定某石灰石样品中碳酸钙的质量分数,取25
g该样品(杂质不参加反应也不溶于水),加入盛有146
g稀盐酸的烧杯中,恰好完全反应,气体全部逸出,反应后烧杯内物质的总质量为162.2
g。计算:
(1)生成二氧化碳的质量是
g。
(2)反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数(结果精确至0.1%)。
4.实验室有一瓶放置多年的浓盐酸(如图所示),为了测定它实际的溶质质量分数,实验员将20
g
40%的氢氧化钠溶液放于烧杯中,利用pH测定仪逐滴滴入该盐酸,并绘制出了所加盐酸的质量与烧杯中溶液pH的关系图。
(1)两者恰好完全反应时,消耗浓盐酸的质量为
g。
(2)请你计算该浓盐酸的实际溶质质量分数。
5.(2020菏泽中考)白铜(Cu-Ni)是工业上常用的一种合金,金属镍(Ni)的金属活泼性与铁相似,且形成化合物时化合价显+2价。为测定20
g某白铜样品中镍的质量,设计了如下实验:
试问:
(1)将白铜研碎的目的是增大反应物的接触面积,加快反应速率。
(2)白铜样品中镍的质量为
g。
(3)所用稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程)。
专题训练
1.随着人们生活水平的提高,汽车走进了千家万户,车用防冻液因“冬天防冻、夏天防沸、全年防水垢、防腐蚀”的优良性能被爱车族广泛使用,现国际上普遍使用的是乙二醇[(CH2OH)2]水基型防冻液。请回答:
(1)乙二醇的相对分子质量为。
(2)乙二醇中C、H、O元素的质量比为。
2.王强家地里菜叶发黄。周日,爸爸叫王强去买10
kg硝酸铵(NH4NO3)化肥,NH4NO3中氮、氧原子的个数之比是2∶3;当他赶到商店时,硝酸铵刚好卖完,于是他决定购买尿素[CO(NH2)2],王强需要买
kg尿素才能与10
kg硝酸铵的肥效相当。
3.黄曲霉素AFTB(化学式为C17H12O6)是污染粮食(大米、花生等)的真菌霉素,人类特殊基因在黄曲霉素的作用下发生突变,继而转变为癌症。黄曲霉素的相对分子质量是,156
mg
黄曲霉素中所含氢元素的质量
是
mg。
4.实验室用40克含碳酸钙75%的石灰石样品与足量的稀盐酸混合制取二氧化碳(化学反应方程式为CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑)。求:
(1)40克石灰石样品中含碳酸钙
克。
(2)充分反应后,理论上可制得二氧化碳多少克?(要求:结合化学方程式计算,并写出计算过程)
5.为测定某标签破损的稀硫酸(如图1)的溶质质量分数。某小组同学取100
g该稀硫酸于烧杯中并加入10
g打磨过的镁条,测得烧杯内镁条质量随时间变化关系如图2所示。请计算:
(1)参加反应的镁条的质量为
g。
(2)所用稀硫酸的溶质质量分数。
6.某化学小组同学为测定碳酸钙粉末与稀盐酸反应生成二氧化碳的质量(假设二氧化碳全部从溶液中逸出,不考虑试剂的挥发),进行如下实验:首先称量两个烧杯的质量(如图甲),然后将小烧杯中过量的稀盐酸倒入盛有一定量碳酸钙粉末的大烧杯中,并记录天平的示数,直至充分反应(如图乙),天平示数与反应时间的关系如图丙所示。请计算:
(1)该反应生成的气体的质量是2.2g。
(2)反应后溶液中氯化钙的质量分数。
7.(2020锦州中考改编)取一定量的硫酸铵固体于烧杯中,加入100
g氢氧化钠溶液,加热,恰好完全反应。反应后将溶液蒸干,得到7.1
g固体。该反应的化学方程式为(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH===Na2SO4+2H2O+2NH3↑。请计算:
(1)生成氨气的质量为
g。
(2)氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程)。
计算题
类型1
有关化学式的计算
例1(2020阜新中考)在预防“新冠肺炎”期间,过氧乙酸是人们广泛使用的消毒剂之一。过氧乙酸的化学式为C2H4O3,试计算:
(1)过氧乙酸的相对分子质量为________。
(2)过氧乙酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为________(填最简整数比)。
(3)过氧乙酸中氧元素的质量分数为________(计算结果精确到1%)。
跟踪训练
1.糖类是人类食物的重要成分,在人体组织里,葡萄糖(C6H12O6)在酶的催化作用下经缓慢氧化转变成CO2和H2O,同时放出能量(已知每克葡萄糖放出约16
kJ的能量)。请回答:
(1)葡萄糖的相对分子质量为180。
(2)葡萄糖分子中碳、氢、氧原子数目比为1∶2∶1(填最简整数比)。
(3)一般人每行走1
km大约需消耗170
kJ的能量。假设这些能量全部来自葡萄糖,请问:小明同学步行5
km大约需消耗53(取整数)克葡萄糖。
2.(2020湘潭中考)蔗糖是储藏在某些植物中的糖,它的化学式为C12H22O11,是食品中常用的甜味剂。请回答下列问题:
(1)蔗糖属于有机化合物(选填“有机化合物”或“无机化合物”)。
(2)蔗糖是由三种元素组成,其中氢元素和氧元素的质量比为1∶8(填最简整数比)。
(3)34.2
g蔗糖中含有14.4g碳元素。
类型2 有关化学方程式的计算
文字叙述型计算题
例2(2020百色中考)往59.65
g硝酸钡溶液中滴加52
g硫酸钾溶液恰好完全反应,反应后得到溶液的质量为100
g。求反应后生成的溶液中溶质质量分数。
坐标曲线型计算题
例3(2020咸宁中考)实验室中稀硫酸因标签破损,需测定其质量分数。某化学兴趣小组的同学取该稀硫酸样品50
g,逐滴加入质量分数为16%的NaOH溶液,溶液的pH随加入NaOH溶液质量的变化如图所示。
(1)图中A点时溶液中溶质的化学式是________。
(2)求稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程,结果精确到0.01%)。
实物、流程图型计算题
例4(2020齐齐哈尔中考)合金是重要的金属材料,常用来制造机械零件、仪表和日用品。某化学研究小组利用黄铜(铜、锌合金)进行了如图所示实验,请计算:
(1)生成氢气的质量为________g,黄铜中锌的质量为________g。
(2)过滤后所得溶液的溶质质量分数。
跟踪训练
3.(2020天津中考改编)为测定某石灰石样品中碳酸钙的质量分数,取25
g该样品(杂质不参加反应也不溶于水),加入盛有146
g稀盐酸的烧杯中,恰好完全反应,气体全部逸出,反应后烧杯内物质的总质量为162.2
g。计算:
(1)生成二氧化碳的质量是8.8g。
(2)反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数(结果精确至0.1%)。
解:设25
g石灰石样品中含碳酸钙的质量为x,反应生成氯化钙的质量为y。
CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
x
y
8.8
g
= =
x=20
g
y=22.2
g
反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是×100%=14.1%
答:反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是14.1%。
4.实验室有一瓶放置多年的浓盐酸(如图所示),为了测定它实际的溶质质量分数,实验员将20
g
40%的氢氧化钠溶液放于烧杯中,利用pH测定仪逐滴滴入该盐酸,并绘制出了所加盐酸的质量与烧杯中溶液pH的关系图。
(1)两者恰好完全反应时,消耗浓盐酸的质量为25g。
(2)请你计算该浓盐酸的实际溶质质量分数。
解:设25
g该盐酸中氯化氢的质量为x。
NaOH + HCl===NaCl+H2O
36.5
g×40%
x
=
x=7.3
g
该浓盐酸的实际溶质质量分数是×100%=29.2%
答:该浓盐酸的实际溶质质量分数是29.2%。
5.(2020菏泽中考)白铜(Cu-Ni)是工业上常用的一种合金,金属镍(Ni)的金属活泼性与铁相似,且形成化合物时化合价显+2价。为测定20
g某白铜样品中镍的质量,设计了如下实验:
试问:
(1)将白铜研碎的目的是增大反应物的接触面积,加快反应速率。
(2)白铜样品中镍的质量为2.95g。
(3)所用稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程)。
解:设50
g稀硫酸中溶质的质量为x。
Ni + H2SO4===NiSO4+H2↑
2.95
g
x
=
x=4.9
g
所用稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数为×100%=9.8%
答:所用稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数为9.8%。
专题训练
1.随着人们生活水平的提高,汽车走进了千家万户,车用防冻液因“冬天防冻、夏天防沸、全年防水垢、防腐蚀”的优良性能被爱车族广泛使用,现国际上普遍使用的是乙二醇[(CH2OH)2]水基型防冻液。请回答:
(1)乙二醇的相对分子质量为62。
(2)乙二醇中C、H、O元素的质量比为12∶3∶16。
2.王强家地里菜叶发黄。周日,爸爸叫王强去买10
kg硝酸铵(NH4NO3)化肥,NH4NO3中氮、氧原子的个数之比是2∶3;当他赶到商店时,硝酸铵刚好卖完,于是他决定购买尿素[CO(NH2)2],王强需要买7.5
kg尿素才能与10
kg硝酸铵的肥效相当。
3.黄曲霉素AFTB(化学式为C17H12O6)是污染粮食(大米、花生等)的真菌霉素,人类特殊基因在黄曲霉素的作用下发生突变,继而转变为癌症。黄曲霉素的相对分子质量是312,156
mg
黄曲霉素中所含氢元素的质量是6mg。
4.实验室用40克含碳酸钙75%的石灰石样品与足量的稀盐酸混合制取二氧化碳(化学反应方程式为CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑)。求:
(1)40克石灰石样品中含碳酸钙__30__克。
(2)充分反应后,理论上可制得二氧化碳多少克?(要求:结合化学方程式计算,并写出计算过程)
解:(1)40克含碳酸钙75%的石灰石样品含碳酸钙的质量为40
g×75%=30
g。
(2)设生成的二氧化碳的质量为x。
CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
g
x
=
x=13.2
g
答:生成的二氧化碳的质量为13.2
g。
5.为测定某标签破损的稀硫酸(如图1)的溶质质量分数。某小组同学取100
g该稀硫酸于烧杯中并加入10
g打磨过的镁条,测得烧杯内镁条质量随时间变化关系如图2所示。请计算:
(1)参加反应的镁条的质量为4.8g。
(2)所用稀硫酸的溶质质量分数。
解:设所用100
g稀硫酸中溶质的质量为x。
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2↑
24 98
4.8
g
x
=
x=19.6
g
所用稀硫酸的溶质质量分数为×100%=19.6%
答:所用稀硫酸的溶质质量分数为19.6%。
6.某化学小组同学为测定碳酸钙粉末与稀盐酸反应生成二氧化碳的质量(假设二氧化碳全部从溶液中逸出,不考虑试剂的挥发),进行如下实验:首先称量两个烧杯的质量(如图甲),然后将小烧杯中过量的稀盐酸倒入盛有一定量碳酸钙粉末的大烧杯中,并记录天平的示数,直至充分反应(如图乙),天平示数与反应时间的关系如图丙所示。请计算:
(1)该反应生成的气体的质量是2.2g。
(2)反应后溶液中氯化钙的质量分数。
解:设反应后生成CaCl2的质量为x。
CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
x
2.2
g
= x=5.55
g
反应后溶液中氯化钙的质量分数为×100%=5.55%
答:反应后溶液中氯化钙的质量分数为5.55%。
7.(2020锦州中考改编)取一定量的硫酸铵固体于烧杯中,加入100
g氢氧化钠溶液,加热,恰好完全反应。反应后将溶液蒸干,得到7.1
g固体。该反应的化学方程式为(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH===Na2SO4+2H2O+2NH3↑。请计算:
(1)生成氨气的质量为1.7g。
(2)氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数(写出计算过程)。
解:设生成氨气的质量为x,氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量为y。
(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH===Na2SO4+2H2O+2NH3↑
142
y
7.1
g
x
= =
x=1.7
g
y=4
g
氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数为×100%=4%
答:氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数为4%。
第五篇:《出师表》中考试题及答案
《出师表》中考试题及答案
Ⅱ2008 年浙江省奉化市
文言文阅读
(一)先帝知巨谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡沪,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三琴,北定中原,庶揭弩钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则被之、伟、允之任也。愿陛下托巨以讨绒兴复之效,不效,则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责彼之、伟、允等之慢,以澎其咎;陛下亦宜自谋,以咨谁善道,察纳稚言,深追先帝遗招,臣不胜受恩感激。.下面加点的词语解释亨误的一项是()
A .夙夜优叹(早晚)B .深人不毛(不长草的地方)
C 当奖率三军(军队的统称)D .至于斟酌损益(革除).用现代汉语翻译下面句子。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效,则治臣之罪。
译文:.朗读节奏划分不正确的一项是()
A .恐/托付不效B .深追先帝/遗诏
C .臣/不胜受恩感激D .进尽/ 忠言.“先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也”“大事”在文中指__________;“三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心。”选段中最能体现“老臣心”的一句话是:__________________________________________。
Ⅲ 2004年沈阳市
(一)阅读下面的选文,然后完成9——13题。(11分)
臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡沪,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、韦、允之任也。
9、解释选文中加点的词。(2分)
(1)咨:()(2)夙:()(3)攘除:()(4)损:()
10、翻译下面的句子。(2分)
(1)苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。
(2)遂许先帝以驱驰。
11、概括选文第一段的主要内容。(2分)
12、结合选文分析先帝将重任委于诸葛亮的原因有哪些?(用自己的语言表达)。(3分)
答:
13、选问字里行间蕴涵着作者怎样的思想感情?(2分)
Ⅳ 2006南平
7解释下面句中加点的词.(4分)①以光先帝遗德()②引喻失义()③是以先帝简拔以遗陛下()④悉以咨之()
8、请解释下面各组中加点的词。(4分)①此诚危急存亡之秋也()一叶知秋()②盖追先帝之殊遇()殊途同归()
9、把下面的文言句子翻译成现代权语。
①陟罚臧否,不宜异同。翻译:___
②此皆良实,志虑忠纯。翻译:_
10、诸葛亮从当前的形势出发,劝勉刘禅继承先帝遗志,并向他提出了哪些建议?
Ⅵ 2006黑河
11解释文中划线的字。(2分)秋()报()光()塞()
12“开张圣听”的意思是_______,“引喻失义”的意思是_______(2分)
13翻译“以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气。”(2分)______
14第一段话作者分析了当时蜀汉所处的形势,既指出了不利的客观条件,又指出了有利的主观条件,并提出____的建议。作者认为如果不这样做的后果是___。(2分)
Ⅷ 2006贵港
48、选出诵读时节奏划分正确的一项()(1分)
A、苟全 /性命于乱世B、先帝不 /以臣卑鄙
C、受任 /于败军之际D、至于斟酌 /损益
50、“先帝之殊遇”体现在哪里?请把它归纳出来。(3分)
Ⅸ2006泉州文言文阅读
A、阅读下面文言文,回答问题。
先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、讳、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责攸之、讳、允等之慢,以彰其咎。陛下亦宜自谋,以咨诹善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
1.下列各组短语中,加点词词义完全相同的一组是()
A.深入不毛——吹毛求疵 B.庶竭驽钝——声嘶力竭
C.兴复之效——东施效颦 D.咨诹善道——道听途说
2.翻译句子。
①先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。译文:
②此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。译文:
3.请从文中摘录表现诸葛亮对后主殷切希望的句子。答:,。
4.请用6个字概括上文作者所表达的思想感情。
5.诸葛亮是智慧的化身,小说《三国演义》中有很多事例足以体现这一特点,如“摆八卦阵”。
Ⅹ2006年湛江市
(一)阅读《出师表》(节选),回答18-21题。(14分)
18.解释下列语句中加点词的意义。(4分)
(1)以光先帝遗德 光:(2)先帝简拔以遗陛下 简:
(3)亲贤臣,远小人 远:(4)以昭陛下平明之理 昭:
D.创业未半而中道崩殂 人不知而不愠
20、下列各句中加点的词,意义和用法与现代汉浯相同的一项是(A、陟罚臧否,不宜异同 B、诚宜开张圣听
C、不宜妄自菲薄 D、叹息痛恨于桓、灵
21、请将“若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏”一句翻译成现代汉语。(3分)
译文:
22、作者向后主刘禅提出了三条建议,请用一个四字短语概括其中的一条,并就这条建议谈谈今天对我们有何借鉴意义?(3分)
答:
13南昌市(09江西省)
(二)阅读文言文,完成10—14题
臣本布衣。。。尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝。。。不知所云。
10.用“∕”划分下面句子的朗读节奏。(2分)
臣 不 胜 受 恩 感 激
11.解释文中加点字的含义。(3分)
躬()损()零()
12.用现代汉语写出下列句子的意思。(2分)
(1)遂许先帝以驱驰。
(2)咨诹善道,察纳雅言。
13.下列与“咨臣以当世之事”句子结构相同的一项是()。(2分)
A.刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上
B.此三子者,皆布衣之世也
C.遂率子孙荷担着三夫
D.一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭
14.结合选文概括诸葛亮上表出师的原因。
5、乌兰察布市:
出师表(节选)
① 臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。
② 先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡庐,深入
不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭弩钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、允之任也。、解释下列加点词的意思。(3 分)
① 躬耕于南阳躬:.
②由是感激:感激:..
③故五月渡庐故:.
13.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(2 分)
苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。
答:。
14.“先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也”, “大事”在本段中具体指什么?(用原文中的四个四字短语回答)(2 分)答:
15.这两段文字回顾了对作者人生有重大影响的三件往事,它们分别可以概括为、和“临崩寄大事”。作者回顾这些往事的目的是(用自己的话概括作答)。(3 分)
4、泸州市:
6解释下列加点次在文中的含义(4分)
(1)此诚危急存亡之秋也秋:(2)躬耕于南阳躬:
(3)是以先帝简拔以遗陛下简:(4)至于斟酌损益益:
7、下面各组加点词意思和用法相同的一项是()
A、此先汉所以兴隆也此殆天所以资将军(《隆中对》)....
B、若有作奸犯科及为忠善者不足为外人道也(《桃花源记》)..
C、宜付有司论其刑赏转视积薪后,一狼洞其中(《狼》)..
D、先帝不以臣卑鄙不以物喜,不以己悲(《岳阳楼记》)..
8、用现代汉语翻译文中划线的句子(6分)
(1)愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。
(2)三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事
9、诸葛亮在本文中主要表达了什么情感和决心(3分)
3、奉化市:
先帝知巨谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡沪,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三琴,北定中原,庶揭弩钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则被之、伟、允之任也。
愿陛下托巨以讨绒兴复之效,不效,则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责彼之、伟、允等之慢,以澎其咎;陛下亦宜自谋,以咨谁善道,察纳稚言,深追先帝遗招,臣不胜受恩感激。.下面加点的词语解释亨误的一项是()(2 分)
A .夙夜优叹(早晚)B .深人不毛(不长草的地方)
C 当奖率三军(军队的统称)D .至于斟酌损益(革除).用现代汉语翻译下面句子。(2 分)
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效,则治臣之罪。
译文:.朗读节奏划分不正确的一项是()(2 分)
A .恐/托付不效B .深追先帝/遗诏
C .臣/不胜受恩感激D .进尽/ 忠言.“先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也”“大事”在文中指__________;“三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心。”选段中最能体现“老臣心”的一句话是:__________________________________________。(2 分)
23.结合选段,用自己的话说说诸葛亮选用人才的标准有何不同。(4分)