英语写作

第一篇：英语写作

英语作文的考试题型大概可以分为这5个方面：A、阐述主题题型、B、正反观点题型、C、英文信函题型、D、记叙文题型、E、图表题型。

阐述主题型

阐述主题题型作文DIY写作步骤

要求考生从一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行写作。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的话扩展说几句： 主题句＋扩展句 第二段、举例说明现象

主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3 第三段、表明自己的观点并结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。

二、阐述主题题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题；

2、造成污染问题的原因；

3、解决办法。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：________has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find ________.2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with _______ is _____.扩展句：

1、It is ____ that _____.2、It is also _____ that ________.3、Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve _____.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of ____.2、Then we _____

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to ____can this problem be solved.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with pollution is people.扩展句：

1、It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.2、It is also people that destroy biologic balance of nature.3、Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve our environmental problems.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.2、Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.三、范文

Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.The real problem with pollution is people.It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.It is also people that destroy biologic（生物的 生物学的）balance of nature.Ironically [aiE5rCnikEl]（说反话的 讽刺的）, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants（污染物质）.We must do something to solve our environmental problems.First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.正反观点题型

要求考生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，通常分为四个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头，简单一下事件

第二段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第三段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第四段、表明自己的观点结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。第二部分、正反观点题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic China Jointing WTO.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、加入WTO给我们带来的好处；

2、加入WTO给我们带来的不利方面；

3、我们该如何做。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：________finally succeeded in _____ after many's efforts.扩展句：_____ will influence _____ greatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：____ brings ____ many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As _____ , ______ can ______.2、What's more, __________.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、___ can also bring us some challenges.For example, ______.2、In addition, it will be more difficult for _____ to _____, as ____.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, ____ does more good than harm to ____.扩展句：What we should do is to ______.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：China finally succeeded in jointing the WTOafter many's efforts.扩展句：This eventwill influencethe economy in Chinagreatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.2、What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with less pay.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.2、In addition, it will be more difficult forus to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, this great event does more good than harm to us.扩展句：What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.第三部分、范文

China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after many's efforts.This event will influence the economy in China greatly.Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with less pay.Every thing has two aspects.Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.However, this great event does more good than harm to us.What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.社会问题(现象)式A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)E．前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..对立法开头句型：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法。适用于有争议性的主题。

When asked about…,the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that….But I think a bit differently.现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题然后评论

Recently the issue of the problem(phenomenon)of…has been brought to public attention.观点法：开门见山，直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning to realize that…

辩论式议论文

模版1 Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.英文信函题型 要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信，对这类题型，通常分为5个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头：称呼

第二段、寒暄语句，引出写信的目的：

寒暄句＋主题句（注：寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子）第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落： 主题句＋扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3 第四段、表明自己的观点，并结束书信主体段落 在最后要他谈自己的看法 第五段、寒暄句+落款

第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习

［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from ____.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂正面的看法

主题句：As you know, _____.But unfortunately, ______.扩展句：

1、___.(举例)As a result, _____.2、Besides, ______.3、And what's more,_____.第四段：对学校食堂负面的看法

主题句：Some people may argue that ____.扩展句：

1、For instance, ____ and ____.2、But in my opinon, ______.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit dissatisfied with _____.扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.Li Ming ［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from one of your students.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂的看法

主题句：As you know,our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.扩展句：

1、The food is not as nutritious as it should be.(举例)As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.2、Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.3、And what's more,the fare is also a little higher at university.第四段：别人对食堂看法

主题句：Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.扩展句：

1、For instance,Ic cardshave taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.2、But in my opinon, progress is not so quick and thorough.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit dissatisfied with the present canteen conditions, 扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.第三部分、范文 Dear Mr.President, This letter comes to you from one of your students.In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.As you know, our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.The food is not as nutritious as it should be.As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.And what's more, the fare is also a little higher at university.Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.For instance, Ic cards have taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.But in my opinon, progress is not so quick and thorough.To be belief, though a bit dissatisfied with the present canteen conditions,I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.Your students，Li Ming

记叙文的题型

要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点： 主题句

第二段、具体描述

具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果 起因＋经过＋结果 第三段、对事件的分析 分析句1+分析句2+分析3 第二部分、记叙文题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill.1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；

2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；

3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：About _____ O'clock one evening in _______, _____.扩展句：________.(展开描述一下事件)第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, _____.It wasn't long before _____.扩展句：

1、One ______.2、Another _______.3、Our teacher _______.第三段：

结尾句：Is _______? Who can tell ? But ______.扩展句：

1、When ____ , people showed _____ spirit regardless of ____.2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and priceless devotion or sacrifice.3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：Aboutnine O'clock one evening inMay, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.扩展句：His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.(展开描述一下事件)第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.扩展句：

1、One roommate brought a blanket for him.2、Another supported him in the ambulance.3、Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.第三段：

结尾句：Ishe a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? Butwedid't retreat.扩展句：

1、Whenthe savage SARS was spreading,people showedfearless spirit regardless of dangers to their own health.2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and priceless devotion or sacrifice.3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.第三部分、范文

About nine O'clock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.One roommate brought a blanket for him.Another supported him in the ambulance.Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.Is he a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? But we did't retreat.When the savage SARS was spreading, people showed fearless spirit regardless of dangers to their own health.This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and priceless devotion or sacrifice.And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.图表式作文模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).说明原因型模板

These days we often hear that(1).It is common that(2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(3).For another,(4).What is more, since(5),it is natural that(6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as(7)to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注释:(1)提出论题(2)说明现状(3)理由一(4)理由二(5)理由三(6)理由三引起的后果(7)解决方法

相应作文: Pollution of environment

These days we often hear that(our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that(many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since(the industrial revolution),it is natural that(a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as(planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources)to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.作文常用模板句

一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has 的 brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while.Obviously, ______, but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of的all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.的First，______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another, ______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定

会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition.的_____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is的______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own的disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.一、写作步骤要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：

1．认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。以命题作文“The English teacher I Admire Most”为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师,因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

2．草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。仍以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，提纲可以这样写：

1）Who is the English teacher I admire most

2)My reasons

3)What can I learn from the teacher

3．写出段落主题句，理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。

4．参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉

有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。

进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

二、增加文采小窍门如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地“写”了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。

1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2．使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3．改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。

4．学会使用过渡词。如：

1）递进：furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition

2）转折：however,but,nevertheless,after all

3）总结：finally,at last,in brief,to conclude

4）强调：really,indeed,certainly,surely,above all

5）对比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand, 5．避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

6．注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。

三、把好检查最后一关

1．是否切题分三点看：一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动“大手术”。

2．是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。

3．是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称“I”写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。

4．是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，多加模仿，以逐步达到运用自如。

第二篇：英语写作

• Einstein(1879-1955)was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1921 for his discovery of the law of the Photoelectric effect and his services for theoretical physics.Death: 18 April, 1955 at the age of 76 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Key Achievements: Special relativity, General relativity, Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, Bose-Einstein Statistics.Notable Honors: Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 1921, The Copley medal in 1925 for his contributions to quantum theory and for his theory of relativity, the Max Planck medal in 1929 for his achievements in Physics.• In 1905 he published the paper on mass-energy equivalence, which gave twentieth century’s most famous equation E=MC2.The equation means that small amounts of mass could be converted into huge amounts of energy.It was the basis of development of nuclear power.• In 1905, he published four research papers, the special theory of relativity, the Brownian motion theory, the photon theory of light, and the equivalence of mass and energy.The basis of special theory of relativity is that the velocity of light was absolute, albeit, all other velocities are relative.• Exactly ten years later in 1915, Einstein published a research paper called “general relativity”.This theory gives the current meaning of gravitation in modern physics.The research paper explained gravity as a property of space-time.The general theory of relativity unifies Newton’s law of gravity and special relativity.The theory produced some of the greatest and strangest results in modern astronomy. Einstein was half German and half Swiss, but when Hitler came to power in 1933, Einstein made his home in the USA.Einstein’s fame rests on his two theories of relativity(see Relativity). His theory of special relativity was published in 1905 while he worked in

A.You will make sure

1.that my clothes and laundry are kept in good order;

2.that I will receive my three meals regularly in my room;

3.that my bedroom and study are kept neat, and especially that my desk is left for my use only.B.You will renounce all personal relations with me insofar as they are not completely necessary for social reasons…

He is not a loyal manin all aspects.This is not accurate

He was notoriously unfaithful as a husband, prone to falling in love with somebody else directly after the exchanging of vows.

第三篇：英语写作

一、写作备考须知(占15%，标准分107分)

写作调整到第一部分，会给考生造成一定的心理压力。而且原来的优势不复存在。以前写作放在最后写，写不出来的单词和短语还可以在前面的阅读和完形甚至词汇题目中找到对应的词汇，现在不行了。只有答题卡一张，没有任何语料的帮助。

1.中国学生目前写作主要存在以下主要问题：

1)基础不牢固，很多拼写和简单的语法错误；

2)写作词汇匮乏：词汇源匮乏，表达单一，阅卷老师很难找到亮点；

3)中式思维：没形成良好的英语表达习惯，写作文总是根据汉语的表达习惯来遣词造句，字字对译，在句法结构和语法规律上经常出错。

4)作文模式化严重。考生作文大多雷同，写得再好，叫阅卷老师如何给你高分。

5)卷面不整洁，字数不够。现在作文都是扫描阅卷，如果卷面不整洁，印象分基本没有了。

2.关于写作我的建议：

1)了解写作类型与体裁，做到所谓的模板拆分和重新组合。

2)注意积累重要的以及典型的四级词汇和句式。尤其是2500个核心词汇。

3)克服羞怯心理，把自己的作文拿给老师评阅，修改，点评。(好的老师不会不认真修改其学生的作文的)没有人指点，哪怕你写了百篇，也是原地踏步。

所以说，“教师一席话，胜写百篇文。”

4)遇到不会写的单词：换个说法，解释。

5)尽量不使用生僻的词汇，使用常见的短语和四级高频词汇。

6)尽可能多的使用亮点词汇和亮点句型，例如：

①.individuals, characters, folks代替(people ,persons)

②: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good

③:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad

如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替

④.more and more =an increasing number of/a growing number of

more and more important = increasingly important

7)适当实用被动来代替主动，这样更能客观地反映事实。句子开头不能总是用I，my等。不用 We should take effective measures to… 而用 Effective measures should be taken to…

8)善于实用连接词或插入语，例如 however, therefore, for example等

Some hold the opinion that… 换成Other individuals, however, take the attitude that…

别看一个小小的连接词，有时候作用很大的。正是：Small it is, unimportant it isn’t.9)今后都是扫描阅卷，大家卷面一定要整洁，字数只能多不能少。

二、听力备考须知(35%，标准分249分)

四级改革的目的之一，把以前以阅读为主的测试，转向以听说为主、兼顾读写的测试体系，避免出现“哑巴英语”，以提高学生的英语交流和沟通能力。

1.听力注意事项：

1)点友们最担心的是听力选项的预览时间，第一部分表格可以得知，在9：55-10：00之间收答题卡一和最后试音时间时可以预览听力部分的选项，建议考生要充分利用这段时间扫描passage部分的选项，弄清三篇文章的主题，至于短对话第一题的四个选项在播音前6秒看还来得及。

2)注意听力测试三个section前没有指令，直接播放题目，这与旧四级听力完全不同，考生听时需要集中注意力，不要错过重要的信息点。

2.分项指导

Section A 部分的8个小对话：通常都是一男一女的对话。在做短对话题目的时候，仍然要抓住关键词和场景这两个重要因素。通过捕捉题目中出现的关键词，判断相关场景。同学们应该熟悉四级听力常考的十大场景：学习场景、天气场景、医院场景、打工场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景、论文场景、图书馆场景。英语是一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，在四级听力短对话部分可以做到未听先知的状态。

Section A长对话部分：就是把这些问答融入到一段两个人聊天或者交谈当中，其中有寒暄，有过渡，也有问答。考试的重点一般都是问答的答语上。通常情况下，出题的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。

Section B的短文听力部分：不少同学觉得放的太快了，只能蒙个选项。仿佛即使经过长期练习，提高也并不明显，有时甚至觉得文章听懂了，做题时仍无从下手。的确，听力短文部分信息量大，题材范围广，从历年的考试题目来看，从生活、社会、政治到文化、历史、艺术都考到过，而且这种题目的题型变化多，复杂句多。但是，如果我们注意分析，短文听力还是有很多规律和方法可循。比如，听文章的时候一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。因为按西方人的习惯，他们喜欢单刀直入，开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的开头就是主题句(topic sentence),即便不是，它也会包含很多的信息。另外，文中出现的时间，数字，地点信息，原因和转折句也特别容易被考到。所以，听的时候要特别留心这些地方，及时做好笔记。

Section C部分：在做复合式听写题目之前，首先要对全文进行全局性的预览，尤其是段落第一、二句和最后一句。如果时间充裕，还可抓紧时间观察空格前后的一些特殊现象，从中判断所填单词的词性、单复数、时态语态等等。听的时候要注意精听速记，以听为主，以记为辅。比如：遇到一些冠词，助动词时可先省略不记，又比如遇到一些较长的词组，可先记下每个单词的头一个字母，或者是较长的单词只记前三个字母等。等到全部听完之后，再利用一点时间进行检查：检查句子句法的完整性，单词的正确性等

3.新四级听力的出题趋势：

1)磁带录音由过去单纯的美音朗读变为现在的英音美音交替朗读；

2)语速较过去要快一些；

3)生活中一些常用的偏难的词汇开始多次出现；

4)小对话中的句子逐渐加长，增加了对长句的记忆以及对句子中关键信息的捕捉能力；

5)不再是简单的细节对应，只要听清了能分辨出来就能答题，它变得更注重于对语言交际能力的考察，许多时候需要你总结或者听出说话人的言外之意；

6)更加侧重于与当今大学生生活密切相关的话题

7)Section B的短文题型改掉了过去选材单一，题材以记叙文为主的特点，而是转变为以较难的说明文为主要趋势，并且内容更加广泛，涉及到环保、宇航、生物介绍等内容；

8)复合式听写体裁范围越来越广。

4.如何有效提高听力水平

方法：由 精听 过渡到 泛听，逐步提高英语听力。

精听(多听几遍，听写或边听边做笔记，要听懂每一句话，每一个单词)

泛听(只听一遍，精力主要放在听懂大意上，不注重语言形式)

精听：找到合适的材料→寻找听力盲区(可以试着跟读，练习语音语调)

泛听：扩大知识面，提高听力。

精听练习：新概念英语2，3，4；VOA Special English； 走遍美国等。

练习方式：dictation(听写)，听五遍，第一遍和最后一遍不暂停，其他每次都听到一句话后暂停，开始记录，接着放下一句。把听到的能写的都写下来。不会写的，听不出来的留白，直到5遍过来之后还有空白，这些空白就是你的听力盲区。然后这个扫盲。每天一篇，每周进行一次总结，每个月一次大总结。

【注意】听之前不要看文本，知道最后实在听不出来的空白处就是你要提高的地方。不断扫盲，不断提高。

大约新概念英语课文长短的短文200篇精听之后，听力就会有显著提高。然后可以开始泛听。

泛听练习：材料不限，主要听懂其大意。如果有兴趣，可挑一些语速快的泛听材料做精听练习，进一步提高自己听力水平。

考前听力练习：听历年四、六级真题听力

听力训练过程：精听---泛听---真题听力

第四篇：英语写作

英语写作提高写作水平的三个阶段

针对初中学生英语刚起步的特点，用英语写日记不可能一步到位，而是要遵循由浅入深、由易到难、循序渐进的规律。我把日记写作分为三个阶段。

(一)初级阶段──多做模仿性写作。

这一阶段主要训练学生以课本文章为主要内容的日记写作，即把课本文章当成练习写作的参照物，让学生有文可依，这样会减少学生的畏难情绪，增加他们成功的信心。学生通过课本的学习，可以同步对课文进行仿写、改写、缩写、扩写等等，使学生强化记忆课文中的词语和句型，达到提高书面表达能力的目的。例如，介绍中秋佳节的短文，一位学生仿写如下：

习作(一)

Monday, Sep.29Fine

Mid-Autumn Day usually comes in September or October.On this day everyone eats mooncakes.The mooncakes look like the moon.So we all call them mooncakes.They're delicious.At night, the Chinese families often stay in the open air and eat mooncakes.How happy they are!

Lesson 23 Book II 是一篇对话形式的短文，另一位学生则改写如下：习作(二)

Friday, Oct.17Fine

This is a park.There are many trees and flowers in it.There are some boats inthe river.The boats look like ducks.Some people go boating.They're having a good time.这两篇习作简单明了，描述完整，学生易于接受，达到了初步练习写的目的。

(二)中级阶段──转入独立性写作

在经过了第一阶段的模仿性写作后，学生对日记写作有了一定的理性认识与实践体会，这时我就向学生提出要扩充词数、增加内容和写作素材，让学生的习作更贴近生活实际，写他们身边最感兴趣的人和事物，提高他们写作的独立性。一位学生根据自己上学路上所遇到的事情，写了下面这篇日记：

习作(三)

Wednesday, Nov.26Sunny

This morning on my way to school I met a very old woman at the bus stop.I looked at her for many minutes.She looked sad.When the bus came, we all ran to the bus.But the poor woman was too old to run.So I ran back and helped her get on the bus.She laughed and said, “Thank you, little girl.You're very kind!”

“It's my pleasure, Granny.I'm very glad to help you!”

这篇习作情节生动，语言自然，条理清楚，助人为乐的思想品德活现于写作之中。

(三)提高阶段──增强创造性写作

这一阶段要求学生把所学的英语知识与生活实际结合起来，并有效地融汇于英语写作当中。

这个阶段要放宽学生写作时间，由原来的一天一篇改为二、三天一篇，但要求上交的日记质量高、词数够、内容丰富、主题鲜明、情节生动、语法正确。

在阳光灿烂的5月，我组织了全班学生参加一次郊游活动。一位学生以他的亲身感受写了这篇愉快的郊游日记。

习作(四)

Friday, May 8Sunny

Today I went outing with my classmates and teachers.It was a fine day.In the morning I got up very early and got everything ready for the outing.We went to Jishan by bus.It was very early when we reached Jishan.So we began to climb Mountain Beilin.The mountain was quite high.I felt tired when I climbed to the top of the mountain.At noon we found a place near the river for a picnic.We made a fire to cook lunch, then we started to roast the pork.We all ate a lot and felt very full.In the end we took a photo near the river.Look at this photo!How happy we are!

三、总结提高，全班推广

经过一学期的训练，日记小组的成员已养成了每天写英文日记的习惯。他们从不会写、怕写到会写、爱写，并且能够写好了。他们的明显进步激发了班上许多其他学生写作日记的愿望。学生们一个个跃跃欲试，全班参与日记写作的时机已经成熟。教师此时因势利导，在班上提出人人参加日记写作小组的要求，并决定由原来的日记写作小组成员担任组长，日记先由组长批改后再交给教师审批。在初二下学期，全班举行日记写作比赛，评出优秀日记张贴表扬，极大地鼓舞了全班学生学习英语的积极性和主动性。

日记写作不仅提高了学生的书面表达能力，而且培养了学生学习英语、运用英语的兴趣，促进了听、说、读、写能力的全面发展。

第五篇：英语写作

在写作时，要注意词的丰富性及多样化，我把一些词汇传给你

1.表示“good”时，尽量用这些，如positive, favorable, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, wonderful, outstanding, superb.2.表示“bad”时，常用这些来代替，如dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, harmful, terrible 3.表示“small”时，常用 little，tiny，diminutive

4.表示“suitable”时，常用 appropriate，proper，fitting，satisfactory

5.表示“dangerous”时，常用 hazardous，unsafe，risky

6.表示“difficult”时，常用 hard, rough, tough, complicated

7.表示“very”时，常用pretty（相当），quite，much，intensely，greatly，extremely，exceedingly，remarkably，highly，strikingly

8.表示“remember”时，常用bear in mind，keep in mind（that），recall，recollect，remind。。of sth

9.表示“want”时，常用 desire to do，long for，require for

10.表示“think”时，常用strongly believe（坚信），consider，contemplate，imagine 11.在用reject（拒绝）时，常用refuse，decline，turn down

同时注意对某些词需要讲求标准化，如

在用泛词thing时，常用affair，business，matter

在用big时，常用huge，great，large，immense，enormous，tremendous

在用walk时，常用pace，strut，stride，stagger，loiter（不是很常见，稍微看看就行。但是前两组尽量记住哦）

一些写作中常用的有用的短语

I.表示“观点”类的：

to my mind in my opinion

from my point of view when it comes to me

personally / personally speaking as far as I’m concerned

II.用于罗列加的信息

Besides In addition,Furthermore Moreover

What’s more 这些都做“此外”讲。

III.在列举或者是举例子时常用的For instance

For example

such as

namely

especially/ specially/particularly

for one thing,…for another…

IV.在比较或者对比时常用的the same as

be similar to

in the same way

be identical with

be different from

in contract to, on the contrary(常用于开头，意为“相反地”)

V．表示转折、相反意义的除了非常普遍的一些如 however, although, even though, while，despite, in spite of 等等，还有nevertheless,其用法相当于but，但用法与but不同的是，在nevertheless后面要加逗号.例如，There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Nevertheless, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律，不过，我们还是会努力争取。

VI.表示加强语气的more than(注意这个词组的多重含义，①多于，超过，②不仅仅 ③而不是 ④太„„而不能„„)

unquestionably/undoubtedly/ beyond doubt/ out of question/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑地

No wonder that 难怪„„（有时也用There is no wonder that）

VII．用于调节语气的to some extend 在某种程度上 = to a large degree

IX.表示原因或者结果的表原因：owing to , thanks to(多亏), for the sake of, due to, result from(由„„引起)

表示结果：as a result from, result in(导致„„)，thus=so=therefore=consequently=henceXI.在总结论时用到的In a word, in short, in conclusion, in summary, all in all, to sum up, to conclude, come to the conclusion that, arrive at the conclusion that, 主语+conclude that

还有一些表示赞成时，常用agree with, approve of, be for it, go in for, turn up the thumbs, uphold.表示反对时，常用object to, disapprove of, be against, combat, argue against, frown on.常用于结尾的句子（必须记住的）

1.In a word…

2.In conclusion…

3.In short…

4.In brief…

5.As a result…

6.All in all…

7.From this point of view…

8.There is no doubt that…

9.Therefore, we can find that…

10.Thus, it can be concluded that…

11.As far as I am concerned, it is high time that we put great emphasis on...12.It is necessary that steps should be taken to…(有必要采取。。措施)

13.As long as（只要）make joint efforts, a sound（好的）solution is not far away.只要努力，不久就会有好的能解决办法。

14.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…考虑到这所有的因素，我们可能就„„达成一致。

15.Only in this way can we achieve success and meet the needs of ourselves as well as the society.只有用这种方法，我们才能取得成功，满足我们和社会的需要。特别注意这句话Only in this way引导的，一定要记得倒装。

使用谚语和名言时常用的句型有：

1.As the famous saying goes …

2.Just as…once said…

3.When we talk of the famous proverb…

4.The well-known proverb…has long been accepted by all of us.我把我积累的一些我觉得比较有用的词组给你吧，这些不是很难，比较实用。1.from my own point of view 在我看来

2.foster one’s patience 培养某人的耐心

3.on the contrary 正相反

4.on the grounds of 根据，以„„为由

5.abide by 忠于，遵守

6.keep to 坚持（相当于 insist on）

7.be absorbed in 全神贯注于„„

8.access to 能接近，进入，了解

9.be abundant in 富于，富有，充足

10.in abundance 丰富，充裕

11.in accordance to =according to =in agreement with 依照，依据

12.be acquainted with 了解，熟悉

13.be accustomed to doing sth习惯于

14.once and for all 一劳永逸

15.on the average平均

16.be aware of 意识到

17.on the basis of 根据„„，在„„基础上

18.for the benefit of 为了„„的利益

19.be in charge of = be responsible for 监管，负责（某事）

20.in comparison with =compare with =in contract to 和„„比起来

21.complain to sb.about/of sth 向某人抱怨某事

22.in compliance with=obey to 顺从，遵守，依从

23.be ignorant of 对„„一无所知

24.for a certainly 无疑地

25.in correspondence with 与„„相符；与„„通信

26.try one’s utmost/best to do sth 竭尽全力干某事

27.be vulnerable to 易受„„攻击；易受„„伤害；易受„„影响

28.give rise to 引起，引发

29.strive for 为„„而奋斗

30.bring great pleasure to 给„„带来巨大乐趣

31.in the interest of… 为了„„的利益

32.It’s known/well-known that…=As is known/well-known,加上自己想说的内容„„ 众所周知

33.on earth 究竟，到底

34.on condition that 只要

35.on behalf of 代表

36.on account of 由于=owing to

37.in vain 徒劳，白费力

38.in(the)light of 鉴于，由于

39.be consistent with 与„„一致，符合40.be relevant to 与„„相关

41.in proportion to 与„„成比例

42.in common 共同的，共有的 have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处 43.from time to time 有时，不时

44.for the time being 暂时，眼下

45.for the sake of 为了„„

46.at all costs 不惜一切代价

47.as far as …be concerned 就„„而言

48.as regards 关于，至于

49.in line with 与„„一致，遵循

50.constrain sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

51.restrain sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

52.adapt oneself to doing sth/sth 使„„适用于

53.make a resolve to do sth 决心干某事

54.indulge in doing sth/sth(常用被动语态)沉溺于„„

55.get around to doing sth 处理某事

56.draw up 起草，停止

57.live up to 做到，不辜负„„的期望

58.take off起飞，脱下，拿走

59.reckon on 依靠，指望

60.figure out 想出，弄明白，解决

61.amount to 在数目上达到„„

62.range from…to…(范围)从„„到„„

63.get access to 获得

64.make …an integral part of 使„„不可或缺的部分

65.so to speak =in other words 换句话说

66.apart from

in addition to(其后接着加名词，或者是名词性的从句)

in addition,这三个都是用于开头，意为“此外”，主要用于写作时列举多个方面、情形时所要应用的。

67.assure sb.of sth 向„„保证，使„„确信

68.make an attempt at doing sth =make an attempt to do sth 试图做„„ 69.attribute …to … 把„„归因于

70.conceive of …as… 把„„想象成„„，把„„当做„„，认为„„是„„ 71.take sth into account 把„„考虑在内

72.accuse sb of sth = charge sb.with …= blame sb.for sth 指控，控告 73.attach importance to… 重视„„

74.turn a blind eye to… 对„„视而不见

75.under the banner of 以„„名义

76.on behalf of=stand for 代表

77.to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

78.broaden one’s vision 拓宽视野

79.make up for 弥补

80.gain an advantage over 胜过，优于

81.give rise to 引起，导致

82.bring about 引起，造成83.keep an eye on 留意，照看

84.take the place of 取代，代替

85.keep in mind 记住

86.keep pace with（与„„）起步并进

87.let alone=not to motion 更不用说，别提了

88.get down to =set about doing sth 着手干某事

89.make a/the difference 有影响，起作用 注意：可以在中间加形容词，如make great difference 起重要作用（在中间不需要加定冠词、不定冠词）90.may as well 不妨，还不如

91.see to it that 注意，务必，保证

92.an increasing number of… 越开越多的„„

93.be vastly/greatly/quite different from 与„„大相径庭 94.It’s worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的95.It’s(high)time to do

It’s(high)time that ….(后加过去时或者是过去的某种时态)意为“（的确）到了该干某事的时间了”