第一篇:形容词变副词的详细规则完整版本
形容词变副词的一般规则
形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下:
quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;pssible-possibly
具体规则如下:
1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如:
quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;recent-recently
2.“元e”去e加,如:
少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:true-truly;due-duly 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如: polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely
3.“辅y”改i加
以“y”结尾的,且读音为 / i /,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如: happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily
但是如果读音为 / ai /,直接加ly,如:dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly
4.“le”结尾e改y 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly
gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly 元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。
5.以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如:
economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;
automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly 例外。6.以-ll结尾时,只须加 –y,如:dull-dully;shrill-shrilly 需注意:
有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:
friendly people;motherly care;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;a manly sport
第二篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则: 1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly 2.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如happy---happily 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。例如:true-truly等。
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily 单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly gay-gayly(gaily)
sly-slyly(slily)以ve结尾的词 去e加ly true-truly 以le结尾的词 去e加y gentle-gently
possible-possibly 其他以e结尾的词 一律加ly nice-nicely wise-wisely polite-politely 以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully 以ic结尾的词 加ally automatic-automatically energetic-energetically 其他形容词 均加ly careful-carefully glad-gladly
表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词,动词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以l开头的词前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词,动词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加在动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
注意:否定前缀不是否定词,所以它不是否定句。
后缀 1.名词后缀(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an,-ain, 表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示”具有……职务的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示”……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard,-art, 表示”做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian, 表示“……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示”从事……的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ant, 表示”具有……职责的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示”做……的人“ educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat, 表示”某种政体,主义的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee, 表示”动作承受者“ employee, examinee 12)-eer, 表示”从事于……人“ engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示”从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese, 表示” ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示“阴性人称名词,actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur, 表示”……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表示“…地方人,信仰…教的人,从事…职业的人”Christian, physician,musician 18)-ician, 表示”精通者,……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表示“……家,…….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic, 表示”……者,……师“ mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表示”爱,指小“ dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier, 表示”从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine, ian, 表示“阴性人称” heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表示“从事……研究者,信仰……主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示“动作者,行为者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表示”……学家,研究者“ biologist, geologist(地质学家)27)-or, 表示”……者“ author, doctor, operator,28)-ster, 表示”做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster 29)-yer, 表示“ 从事……职业者” lawyer(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表示”性质,状态,境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表示”状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称“ courage, storage, marriage 3)-al,a)表示”事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy,-ency, 表示”性质,状态,行为,过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility, 表示”动作,性质,状态“ possibility, feasibility,7)-craft, 表示”工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy, 表示“统治,支配” bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表示“性质,状态,职位,级别” bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery,-ry, 表示“行为,状态,习性” bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety, 表示“性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction,-facture, 表示”作成,……化,作用“ satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood, 表示”资格,身份, 年纪,状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice, 表示”行为,性质,状态“ notice, justice, service 16)-ine, 表示”带有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, famine 17)-ing, 表示”动作的过程,结果“ building, writing, learning
18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, 表示”行为的过程,结果,状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise, 表示”性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)-ment, 表示”行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表示“动作的结果,状态” ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or,-our, 表示“动作,性质,状态” favor, error, 26)-osity, 表示“动作,状态” curiosity
27)-ship, 表示”情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),31)-y, 表示“行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry(3)带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age, 表示”住所,地点“ village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示”住所,场地“ library, granary(谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示”工作场所,饲养所,地点“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)4)-ory, 表示”工作场所,住处“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(4)带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示”……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)4)-nomy, 表示”……学……术“ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)5)-ery, 表示”学科,技术“ chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y, 表示”……学,术,法” photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)6)-ing, clothing, matting,7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle,2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy 2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant,-ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice,-atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il,-ile,-eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish)-esque, picturesque)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent,(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示”使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate 4.副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward,-wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
第三篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则:
一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;
hopeful-hopefully;
slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly polite-politely, wide-widely
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily
noisy----noisily
;healthy----healthily
naughty, pretty ,thirsty ,lazy,三、以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y:如:
true-truly;
四、以le 结尾的形容词,去e 加y 变成副词: terrible-terribly;;probable—probably;
gentle-gently
possible-possibly
;
responsible—responsibly comfortable----comfortably
gentle----gently
simple----simply capable有能力的simple简单的 gentle温柔enjoyable 快乐的
fashionable 时髦的 enjoyable 快乐的 comfortable 舒服的,舒适的
lovable 可爱的 washable 可洗的,耐洗的 suitable 适当的,相 1
配的
lovable 可爱的suitable 适当的,相配的
五、另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)注意:
1.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly
easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily 2.单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly
gay-gayly(gaily);
sly-slyly(slily)3.以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully 4.以ic结尾的词 加ally
automatic-automatically ;energetic-energetically 5.其他形容词 均加ly
careful-carefully ;glad-gladly 6.本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变
fast----fast
early----early
high----high
hard----hard
late----late far----far
wide----wide
alone----alone、7.虽然以ly结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词 friendly
lively
lovely
lonely
likely 8.有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意
wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)----wide(副词,睁大地)/widely(副词,广泛地)high(形容词,高的)----high(副词,高地)/highly(副词,高度地)hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”,与hard无任何关系
9..形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.
第四篇:以e结尾的形容词变副词
e结尾的形容词变副词 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
具体规则如下:
1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如: quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;imediate-immediately;recent-recently 2.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:
polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely
3.以“y”结尾的,且读音为 / i /,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:
happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /,直接加ly,如:
4.以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如: economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly 例外。5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly gentle-gently;possible-possibly;
incredible-incredibly impossible-impossibly 元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例 外。
6.以-ll结尾时,只须加 –y,如:dull-dully;shrill-shrilly 需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:
friendly people;motherly care;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;a manly sport
第五篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则:
①一般直接加,“ue”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“l”结尾照样加(ly)。
②“ll”结尾,只加y,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例:
wise—wisely true—truly,happy—happily,real—really;helpful--helpfully full—fully possible—possibly.1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly,wise-wisely,polite-politely,nice-nicely ,glad-gladly, 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
另外:
一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,如果读/i/要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily ,happy-happily, hungry-hungrily,如果读/ai/就直接加ly
如 shy-shyly dry-dryly sly-slyly
三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e如le结尾先去掉e,然后再加-y和以
-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,-ly。如元音字母加ly时直接加ly如sole-solely如: terrible-terribly;true-truly;simple, terrible, incredible, probable,gentle-gently
另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)
此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。
例句: It is partly her fault.有部分是她的错。
需注意: friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词。
再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much.(adv.)多谢。There is much water in the river.(adj.)河里有很多水。The music is too loud.Please turn it down.(adj.)音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough.So everyone in the room can hear what he said.(adv.)
他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。
另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English.他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks english well.现在分词:现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成,这是规则的现在分词构成。如work-working。但在下列情况下,拼写应作相应的变化:1,以不发音的-e结尾的动词,须去掉e再加-ing,如come-coming,write
-writing。但当将-e去掉会引起发音变化时,最后的-e就应保留,如agree-agreeing,see-seeing。另外,-e为元音时,-e应保留,如canoe-canoeing。2,动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如sit-sitting,run-running;begin-beginning,foget-fogetting。3,少数几个以-ie结尾的单音节动词,须变-ie为y,再加-ing,如die-dying,tie-tying,lie-lying。
动词的过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词的过去
式和过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成,如work-worked。在以e结尾 的动词后加-d,如hope-hoped,agree-agreed。在以辅音字母+y结尾的动词后先将y变为i后再加-ed,如carry-carried,study-studied。以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母式,须双写这个辅音字母再加-ed,如clap-clapped,plan-planned,admit-admitted。少数双音节动词,尽管重音在第一个音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ed(现在分词亦如此)。如
travel-travelled,program-programmed。
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因
词而异。
不规则动词表
A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式)过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat beat beaten 打
3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome征服,打败,克服
4.A---B---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
(4)
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 想
(5)
sleep slept slept 睡
feel felt felt 觉得
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
(6)
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
(7)
win won won 得胜
(8)
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
(9)
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击
dig dug dug 挖
(10)
shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
(11)
tell told told 告诉
sell sold sold 卖
(12)
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is)was/ were been 是
be(are)were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿