口译翻译的十大原则

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第一篇:口译翻译的十大原则

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口译翻译的十大原则

英语是世界上应用最广泛的语言,随着世界各国之间来往的越来越密切,英语的使用范围也越来越大。在中国,由于我们的母语是汉语,因此就有了翻译这样一个职业,而且由于其技术新和稀少性,翻译也成为了一个很热门的职业之一。那么在口语口译的备考过程中,如何才能顺利的通过口语口译的考试呢,今天,我们就这个问题咨询了空中英语的专家,专家给我们讲解了一部分,在翻译的过程中需要注意的十大原则。

1)动宾连接原则

考生在翻译动宾短语的时候,应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大,既可以用hope连接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等连接名词词组,那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此,动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语,后谓语”,翻译会豁然开朗。

中国人民始终希望天下太平,希望各国人民友好相处。

The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist

friendlily.2)时态原则

时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单,往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素,特别是进行时的使用,比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻,翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”,最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”,通常是偏向于negative的口吻,所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。

中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。

The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中国过去是、现在是、将来是„„

China was and remains to be „

中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。

The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.届时,„„

At that time, „„

到2007年,上海市人均国内生产总值预计达到7500美元。

韩刚口译www.xiexiebang.com

By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.从而我们可能要生活在一个根本无法掌控的经济体制中。

After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.–led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.毕竟中国、古巴等一些在人权委员会中受到以美国为首批评的国家,总是投票或游说反对美国政府。

3)主语确定原则

由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language),构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上,主语决定了句法结构;汉语为语义性语言,其中主语的重要性相对较低,无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语,主语选择成功了,句子越翻越顺;选择失败,考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法:使用原主语;重新确定主语;增补主语。

这一目标的实现,最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞了,更舒服了。

The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights

and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.然而,持自由论观点的民众和少数民族反对一切美国公民必须随身携带身份证的规定,他们结成联盟,推翻了立法的最初几次草案中关于实施全国统一身份证的主张。

其实,撇开数学,绕过那一大堆公式,一门学科的基本思想还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的。

To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the

discipline(of science)are understandable and appreciable.They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.无论是外人入境,或是文化入侵,政府都已无能为力。

They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the

Kyoto climate change treaty.韩刚口译www.xiexiebang.com

从地雷禁用条款到京都防止气候变暖条约等一些列问题,美国政府总是对国际舆论置若罔闻,使得这些(倒戈)国家越来越失望/懊恼。

4)谓语最小化原则

在汉译英中,动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话,只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词,而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换,常见减少谓语的方法有:

a)把动词变成名词

b)使用介词短语

c)使用分词短语

d)多使用to表示目的的状语

e)把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“,which”的非限制性定语从句

虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”,但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。

今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面:一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作,共同应对可能出现的经济衰退,重树信心;二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程,推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。

The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation

among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence;the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members

for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.显然,许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国,以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。

Many traditional U.S.supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S.unilateralism.5)动宾换序原则

在英译汉中,遇上特别长的宾语,初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾,结果造成庞大的宾语,头轻脚重,特别不符合汉语的习惯,汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句,在于汉语喜用主谓短句,对于较长的宾语,一般有两种处理方式:一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式,如react to不必翻译成“对„作出反应”,可变成“面对„”,这种方法在口译中常常出现,因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出,然后再译出主谓,如第一个例子,或使用谓语的相反含义,再接上原主语,如第二个例子,sustain表示“决定了”,那反义短语就是“取决于”。

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The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of

China.在新千年,经济重心将向亚洲转移,中国将迅速崛起,世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大学是否存在资金偿还能力,这些都取决于项目预算。

6)句群逻辑关系原则

汉译英中的疑点就是处理句群关系,从逻辑上区分通常有六种:

a)表示原因关系

“因为„所以”,“因此„”,“由于„”

b)表示转折关系

“虽然„但是„”,“然而(不过)„”

c)表示条件关系

“如果„”,“假如„”,“只要„就„”,“一旦„”

d)表示让步关系

“尽管„”,“就算„也„”,“即使„也„”

e)表示时间先后关系

“„之后”,“接着„”

f)表示结果关系

“从而„”,“导致„”

经过二十多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础,社会保持稳定,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。

Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the

western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the

western region of China

中国将致力于建设国家创新体系,通过营造良好的环境,推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新,这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。

Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for

韩刚口译www.xiexiebang.com

innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only

path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.7)连接原则

高口翻译难度的侧重点在近几年发生了一个转换:从以前追求成语、俗语到现在语体、语言风格的怪异,比如老舍和钱钟书的“自传”。语言的绝对难度不难,但是形式游散,不容易连接成逻辑感强烈的英语。英语重形合,汉语重意合。所以连接原则首先要求考生具备强烈的“逻辑”使命感,多加连词,两三句之内就要考虑句群的关系,其次考生还要具备合句和缩句的能力,抓住主要谓语,最后换序译法也是考生必需的技能,有时突出重点,调整句序,也是必不可少的。

书无所不读,全无所惑,并不着急,教书做事,均甚认真,往往吃亏,也不后悔。

Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs

and have no regret for suffering losses.中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年了。中国的立场始终如一。

China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.8)减少of原则

汉译英中,一出现“„的”许多学生立马想到of„的架构,这种思维模式主要是受到了所属关系的影响。of在英语当中主要是所属关系,而“„的”不仅有所属关系,而且有包含关系等,因此我们在翻译中要看清句子的主主语——真正意义上的主语,而不必选择句子的次主语——语法上的主语。比如在第一个例子中,主主语是“楼”,而次主语才是“质量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.虽然也没有错,在考试中也不一定会扣分,但还是显得比较业余。另外在最后一个例子中,译文如译成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就显得特别地功利,好像表示我们关系的发展使我们成为兄弟了,而不是我们的关系。总而言之,我们并不是要刻意地减少of架构,而是把一些非定语关系的of架构转化为其它成分。

楼的质量不好。

The building is not well built.经济全球化的深入发展和科学技术的迅猛进步

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the furthering economic globalization and rapid/swift/speedy/prompt development of science and technology

中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.我们之间关系的发展,使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友,而且成为兄弟。

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.9)名词词组与分句互译原则

汉语中的两大成分地位较低,分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中,较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组,比如在第一个例句中的“how”如果翻译为“如何化去税款”这个宾语从句,在汉语中就显得不伦不类,所有一些5W1H的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词,如when(时间),where(地点),who(人选),why(原因)。此外,对于修饰语较多的名词性短语,汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌,而偏向用简单的主谓短语,如第二个例子中把“the most skeptical Gates”翻译翻译成“一个持怀疑态度的盖茨”,就不如变成主谓短语“盖茨对此持怀疑态度”。

They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments

will be spent.基金会提供了一种方式,可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。

But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年盖茨对此持怀疑态度,热衷于施舍和政府援助。

Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.现在,争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理,转到为提取用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否违背道德。

But such self-interest is hardly enlightened.但这种做法只考虑个人利益,自然难以获得支持。

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大学是否存在资金偿还能力,这些都取决于项目预算。

10)要词原则

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无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中,都有一些貌似十分简单的词,但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏,难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively,一般的译者马上会理解为“总而言之”“概括起来”的意思,只有当读完整句的时候,才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模“累加”起来,其中进行了转性译法,把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个,可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的“弦外之音”,将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。

Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。

From a small beginning at the turn of the century „„

本世纪初,基金会的数量并不多。

Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small

number who are very rich.这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势,但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口,还有少部分人口极端富有。

l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a

contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.无论来自于政府或商界,项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上,即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金,因此调研人员要取得独立,就必须得到连续的研究项目。

The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture

already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it

altogether.在克隆问题上各方人士认为,关于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科学及伦理问题,已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。而如今各种东拼西凑的法律,只会使全国性立法形成步履维艰。

A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en

masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.韩刚口译www.xiexiebang.com

1月1日,加州通过一条法律,使得计算机用户有权拒收垃圾邮件,并对邮件发送者提出诉讼,要求最高达一百万美元的赔偿。

翻译的十大原则,电脑前的同学们有没有记下来,在以后的备考复习过程中,要注意上面提及的十点。最后祝各位同学考试顺利通过。

第二篇:日语口译 翻译

1.こちらでは「幹部服」または「中山服」と言ってますが、30年以上も続いたんですよね。農村ですと着てる人もまだいるでしょうが、町では、もうほとんど着なくなりましたね。お年寄りの中には、長いこと着なれたせいで着やすいし、それに捨てるのはもったいない、というわけで着てる人もいますが。とにかく改革•開放が始まってからどんどん変わっています。

2.今でも覚えていますが、男性はすべて人民服。女性もみな似たようなスタイルのうわっぱりに、下はズボン。色は紺でなきゃ、灰色でしたね。初めて中國に来た時はびっくりしましたよ。3.全然ということはありませんが、少なかったですね。80年代の初めごろまでせいぜい若い人が夏に着るくらいで。それもたいてい自分で生地を買ってきて簡単に作る程度で、涼しくなるとまたズボンに逆戻り、というふうでした。ですから80年代の半ばごろまでは、外国の人かどうかは、一目で見分けられたものでした。

4.いけないってわけでないんですけど、やっぱり右へ倣えで人から変に見られたくないし、また似たり寄ったりの服しか売られてませんでしたからね。

5.はい。そのころからでしょうか。ジャンパー風のものが流行だし、次いで男性も女性もスーツ姿が増えてきました。そして90年代に入ってから、生活にゆとりが出てきたこともあって、女性の服が一気にカラフルになったのです。

6.いえいえ、綿入れなんかもう着る人いません。昔はみな綿入れで、春になれば、それを洗って仕立て直していたんですけど。今はもうほとんどセーターかスーツ、上にダウンのジャケットやコートといったところですね。近ごろではウールや革のコートも流行だしています。おしゃれな若い女性になると、下はロングスカートにブーツというのもいますし。

7.ええ、ジーパンは若い人に受けていますね。第一、かっこいいし、活動的で、一年中着られるでしょう、冬でも。わたしもよくはきますけど。

8.とにかく前より街が明るくなりましたね。特に女性の姿がずいぶん垢ぬけてきてますよ。かなりセンスのいいのも見かけるし。9.ええ、もう思い思いのものを着ています。じろじろ見られるのを気にしなくてもいいし。フゔッションにすごく敏感なおしゃれな人が増えてきています。そして人とは違った個性的な服を着たがってますね。10.そうでしょうか。でも、中国特に北のほうは空気が乾燥してますでしょう。肌が荒れやすいんですよ。それで今じゃ新聞やテレビなどでも、肌の手入れのことなんかがよく取り上げられたりして、みんなも少し気をつけるようになりましたがね。

1.日本で言えば、外国語大学のことです。ちなみに、こちらでは学院というと単科大学のことで、大学と言う場合は総合大学のことなんです。

2.そうですとも。たとえ大学で中国語を四年間勉強したとしても、これだけの通訳はつとまりませんよ。中国へ留学するか、またはしっかりした中国語学校で、もっと本格的に勉強をしなきゃ。いったい、こちらではどうやって教えるんですか。

3.そうですね。日本語の授業だけで、平均して週に20時間はありましたね。今では大学も週五日ですから、減っているとは思いますが。

4.すると、週10コマ。ということは、毎日1、2回日本語をやってるわけだ。道理で…。そして先生は日本人ですか。

5.日本人の先生もいらっしゃいますが、ほとんどが中国の先生です。でも授業は、二学年からは、すべて日本語で行われていました。

6.ありがとうございます。自分としては、もっと勉強しなくちゃ、と思っています。でも通訳って本当に難しいですね。なにせ自分の思ってることさえ、うまく話せないのに、通訳だなんて、私にはまだ無理なんです。このとおりまだ慣れていませんし、間違いだらけで、いつも失敗ばかりしているんです。

7.とんでもありません。とにかく、これから通訳するなかでも、間違いやうまく表現できないところがよくあると思いますから、そういう時にはぜひご指摘ください。こうした仕事の中で、もっと日本語の力をつけていきたいなと思っているんです。

8.こうしてここに立ってると、このスケールの大きさが実感できるなあ。やっぱり「百聞は一見に如かず」だ。それに天安門もけっこう大きい。9.よくご存じですね。確かに二十世紀に入ってからは、ここは人々が何かを全国に訴える場所になったんですよ。ちなみに中華人民共和国の成立式典もここで行われたのです。10.それでしたら、前もって原稿をちょっとは拝借できないでしょうか。このとおり通訳がまだ不慣れなものですから、できれば事前に訳しておきたいと思いまして。大事なご挨拶を、万一その場で上がって間違えたりしては申し訳まりませんので。11.前菜の盛り付けなんかきれいですね。この黒いタマゴのようなもの、なんでしょう。おいしいですね。12.蒸留酒ですから、40度ぐらいはあるでしょう。ですけど、こういう酒はいくら飲んでも頭に来ないという定評があるンデスよ。小林さんもどうぞ。13.お口に合ってなによりです。実はわたしも酒が好きなほうなんです。中国の古いことばに"酒は知己に逢えば、千杯もまた少なし”とありますね。ひとつ大いに飲みましょう。14.箸は、その昔中国からの日本につたわったんですが、よく見ると少し違うようですね。こちらのが日本のよりずっと長い… 15.うーむ。そういうことでしたか。わたしはずっとそれが不思議だったんですよ。これで分かりました。いや、面白いですね。中国と日本は二千年以上も昔から交流があったので、似ている点が多いわけですが、こうした微妙なところで文化の違いがあるんですね。いい勉強になりました。16.では、わたしもお盃をお借りし、中国の皆さんのおもてなしに感謝し、ご在席の皆さんのご健康を祝して、乾杯!17.皆さんは今朝早く発たれたので、さぞお疲れのことと存じます。明日の日程もございますので、今日のところはこの辺でお開きにしたいと思います。どうもありがどうございました。18.百花咲き誇る春らんまんの日に、わたくしどもが早くからそのご来訪をお待ち申しておりました日本岡山大学訪中代表団の皆様をここにお迎えできましたことは、まことに喜びにたえません。19.「友より遠方より来たる、また楽しからずや」と、中国の古い言葉にございますが、わたくしどもの今の気持ちはまったくその通りでございます。20.わたくしはここに上海海洋大学のみなさん並びにご同席の方々を代表いたしまして、小橋雅行先生を団長とする日本岡山大学訪中代表団の皆様に心からなる歓迎の意を表するものであります。21.小橋雅行先生は、わたくしどもが尊敬している古い友人であります。先生はこれまで中国人民との友好協力を発展させるため、大きな情熱を傾けてこられ、多大な貢献をされて参りました。この度の中国訪問にさいし、あらためて深い敬意を表したいと存じます。22.中国は国土も広く、人的・物的資源に恵まれております。一方、日本はすぐれた科学技術にもとづく大きな経済力をもつ国であります。両国の緊密な提携は長い目で見れば双方にとって有利であり、また両国民の末長い友好をお支えとなるに違いありません。23.友人の皆様。皆様はこれから北京を皮切りに北は東北三省から、南は上海、福建、広東に至る各地を回られることになります。ぜひその行かれる先々で、できるだけ多くのところをごらんになり、できるだけ多くに人と交流をもたれますよう、そしてその際、お気づけの点がございましたら、そのつどご指摘くださいますようお願い申し上げます。24.では最後に、中日両国の友好関係のより大きな発展のために、日本岡山大学訪中代表団のご訪問の成功を祈り、小橋雅行団長先生並びに守屋益男副団長先生のご健康を祈り、日本の友人の皆様のご健康を祈って乾杯いたしましょう。乾杯!ありがとうございます。25.尊敬する潘迎捷先生並びに ご同席の友人の皆様

本日はわたくしども日本岡山大学訪中代表団のために、このような盛大な宴席をお催していただき、また先ほどは、潘迎捷先生からご丁重なご挨拶を賜り、誠にありがとう存じます。代表団一同に代わりまして厚くお礼申し上げます。

第三篇:朱镕基发言翻译口译

朱镕基:是不是可以请钱其琛副总理作一点补充呢。

朱彤:I want to ask Vice Premier Qian Qi-chen to add a few things.钱其琛:任何一个内阁里面有人在前苏联留过学或者是在其他国家留过学,就认为这个内阁一定是对哪个国家怎么样,我看这个逻辑不存在。我们中国的内阁都是不管从哪里学习回来的,有什么经验都是中国的内阁。

朱彤:I don't,we don't have such a logic that in a cabinet if one member or several members have been studied in former Soviet Union or in any other countries,then this cabinet will be pro-Soviet Union or pro-any coutry.We don't have this logic.I think no matter where the members of the cabinet once studied or what experience the members of the cabinet used to have,this cabinet is the cabinet of China.记者:谢谢。首先,我要谢谢朱总理。我必须这样说,就是说您也是我的偶像。大家好,我是香港凤凰卫视中文台的吴小莉,想要请教朱总理的是,我们知道在亚洲的金融风暴当中,香港的影响在今年已经陆续地显现了。尤其在今年上半年的过程当中,最近,香港的失业率也创了一年半来的新高。想要请教的是,在中央政府对于香港经济的困难和困境的时候,会采取什么样具体的措施来加以支持。另外,海外的媒体对您的评价相当地高,外界有人说您是“铁面宰相”,或者说是“经济沙皇”。在您的铁腕政策之下,我们知道,外传在您进行机构改革或者说

在一些国有企业改革的过程当中,宏观调近期的过程当中,也有一些对您的家人的不方便和困扰。想请您谈一谈您在进行改革过程中的心路历程,有没有曾经想过沮丧,想要放弃过?

朱彤:Thank you,Premier Zhu.I must tell that you are also my idol.I am from Phoenix Hong Kong.You know,the effect on Hong Kong of the financial crisis in Southeast Asia has begun to show,especially in the first half of this year,the unemployment rate in Hong Kong is the highest over the past one and a half years.So my first question,is what specific measures would the central government adopt if the Hong Kong economy were to face difficulties.And the second question,you know the foreign media have,um,very high,uh,spoken very highly of you,and they called you a

*poker-faced Prime MInister or economic *czar.And we also know that in the course of the reform of the macro-regulation and the control and the reform of the government institutions,uh,there have been some inconveniences or some troubles caused to your families.Can you tell us,uh,have you ever felt depressed or frustrated and have you ever thought of giving up all ,all this? poker-faced:铁面无私的czar:(帝俄的)皇帝,沙皇

朱镕基:首先,从去年发生亚洲的金融危机以来,特别是10月份,大概是10月24号,香港发生了股灾。但是,由于香港的经济结构比较完

善,香港的经济实力比较强大,有980亿美元的外汇储备,再加上香港特区政府领导有方、措施得力,我想,迄今为止,香港已经克服了一个一个的困难。

朱彤:Since the financial crisis in Asia last year and especially since the stock market crash in Hong Kong on the 24th of October last year,thanks to the sound economic struture and a fairly strong economic power and a very large foreign exchange reserve of 98 billion US dollars in Hong kong,and also thanks to the effective and„measures and leadership exercised by the Hong Kong *SAR government,Hong Kong has overcome one difficulty after another.SAR:Special Administrative Region 特别行政区

朱镕基:中国政府高度评价香港政府所采取的政策。我们不认为香港在今后会遇到不可克服的困难。

朱彤:The Chinese government speaks very highly of the policies adopted by the Hong Kong SAR government and we don't think that Hong Kong would encounter *insurmountable difficulties in the future.insurmountable:不能克服的

第四篇:中级口译翻译总结

几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期,筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜,而米饭在那时则用手来取食。//全国各地的筷子大小基本一样,而所用的材料的种类则各有不同,所选材料有竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、吕、银、金等。特长的竹筷通常用于厨房中。//中国人使用筷子的方法很有艺术性,各人有各人的方法,就好像签名一样,不尽一致。中国人一般都能随心所欲的用筷子夹起一粒米饭,一粒豌豆,一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参。// 使用筷子时,要把一双筷子夹在大拇指和食指之间。要点是让其中的一根筷子保持不动,活动另一根筷子,以便能像钳子一样夹取食物。//

For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-sized morsels of food form a bowl to the mouth.As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetables, while hands were used for rice.// Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silver and gold.Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen.// The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks is quite artistic and varied from person to person like one,s signature.An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice, or a tiny piece of peas, or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber.// When using chopsticks, one should place both sticks between the thumb and forefinger.The point is to keep one stick still and move the other so as to make them wok like pincers.//

我们都知道信息存储、传输和处理是提高社会整体发展水平的最重要的保障条件之一,也是世界各国高技术竞争的焦点之一。但并非每一个人都知道,世界上最重要的信息是人类基因组提供的信息。//人类基因组蕴含着人类生、老、病、死的绝大多数遗传信息,破译这些信息将会在疾病的诊断、新药物的研制、新疗法的探索等领域引发一场革命。//一些科学家认为,破译人类遗传密码的重要性不亚于人类登月的“阿波罗计划”。人类基因组图谱及初步分析结果的公布,对生物科学和生物技术的发展起着重要的推动作用。// 我们确信的是,35 亿年前高度复杂的分子 DNA 就出现了。DNA 是地球上所有生命的基础,它有着像螺旋式楼梯一样的双螺旋结构。//

We all know that information storage, transmission and processing constitute some of the most important guarantee conditions for enhancing the level of overall social development, as well as a focal point in the competition of high technologies between various countries.But not everyone realizes that the most significant information reservoir is no other than the human genome.// The human genome contains most of the hereditary information related to the birth, aging, diseases and death of humankind.Its decoding will bring about a revolution to the diagnosis of diseases, to the development of new medicines and to the exploration of new therapies.// Some scientists believe the work to decipher the human genetic code is no less important than the Apollo moon landing program.The publication of the map and preliminary conclusion of the human genome played an important role in promoting the development of life science and biotechnology.// What we do know is that by three and a half billion years ago the highly complicated molecule DNA had emerged.DNA is the basis of all life on earth.It has a double helix structure, like a spiral staircase.//

汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。从某种意义上说,这种说法不免失之偏颇。人类所有的语言都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期,但目前我们还无法确定这些语言是否都同宗同源。//五千年前华夏祖先说汉语的方法同英语人士的祖先说英语的方式大致相似。而从另一种意义上说,汉语确实也是一种很古老的语言。今天所存留下来的最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史。// 这些文字均为甲骨雕文。大部分铭文为神谕圣旨,内容大都与政治事件和宗教活动有关,有些则是关于天气和战争的记录。// 汉语有丰富的古代文字作品,源远流长,远非其他一种语言的文字可与之媲美。一些最古老的文字属象形文字。//

Chinese is often termed a very old language.In a sense such a statement is misleading.All human languages go back to the dim uncertainty of prehistory, and at present we have no way of knowing for sure whether or not they can all be traced back to the same root.// Five thousand years ago the ancestors of Chinese people spoke an early form of Chinese language in much the same way that the ancestors of English-speaking people were using an early form of the English language.In a sense, however, Chinese is indeed a very old language.The earliest written forms of Chinese in existence today date back nearly 4,000 years.// These writings are incisions on bones and tortoise shell.Most of the inscriptions are oracular, dealing mostly with political and religious events, or with weather or warfare.// Chinese has an abundance of ancient writings that reach back continuously in time further than the writings of any other language in the world.Some of the earliest written Chinese characters were quite pictographic.// 国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利,各国追求各自的利益是正常的,出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言,互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天,美国在华投资设立的企业已超过 4 万家,投资额达 450 亿美元。// 美国 500 强企业有 400 多家进入中国,大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时,在美国市场上,许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过 1000 家。// 我们可以预见,中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显,但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因,其一:中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二:中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade.Therefore, it is normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes.The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.-invested enterprises, the total investment in china stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in china, and most of them are making handsome profit.At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between china and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation.The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible.There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields.Secondly, china has an outstanding labor cost advantage.// 我赞同许多东亚学者的观点,东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为,对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反,东方社会的自我约束力,集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代,世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里,不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界,我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此,我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作,平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解,相互学习,和睦共处。//

I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing, stubborn Western ills.We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast, self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore, we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other.Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore, we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//

武术在我国源远流长,是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道,一个民族的优秀文化遗产,不仅仅属于一个民族,它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动,使其与奥运项目接轨,中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展,除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外,早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子,使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地,武术爱好者也与日俱增。//

Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times.It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’t belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation(IWUF)have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement.Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries.Weshu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on new lands.Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day.为了切实保护儿童权益,中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制,以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。// 中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长,大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神,倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。// 中华民族素有“携幼”,“爱幼”的传统美德,中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识,并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。//

To effectively protect children’s rights and interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departments concerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up corresponding mechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of the work on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal to mobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners , the development of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasing self-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate the valued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nation has long cultivated the traditional virtues of “ bring up the young” and caring for the young”.An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’ children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge the society at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting and educating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing for children”.We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions for the progress of child development programs.//

过去 10年,海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的;生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口,即 20 多亿人,面临缺水问题。据预测,未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿,环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发,中国在全面推进现代化的过程中,将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知,对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富,仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右,高等植物 3 万多种。//

Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade.A series of environmental problems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage.Presently, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage.It is predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work.China is rich in wildlife species.There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000 species of higher plants.//

改革开放 30 年来,随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国,海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增,海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语,他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣,而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化,亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化,中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说,这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外,也在尝试针灸,草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影,学习东方时装潮流和手工艺,不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心,人参、银杏,乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.// 中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位,其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界,让世界了解中国”的出版原则,全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展,全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设,为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要,我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修,// 根据我们的发展战略,我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界,瞄准海外读者群,这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People,s Government Press and Publication Administration.// Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China’s march to the world and facilitating world’s understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.//

香港中文大学,简称“中大”,成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学,以“结合传统与现代,融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来,中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化,坚持双语教育,并推行独特的书院制度,在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地 134 公顷,是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工 5200多人,近万名本科生、约2000多名研究生,其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大实行灵活的学分制,不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才,而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。//

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963.It is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than 40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system.CUHK’s 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come from all corners of the world.It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students.Of these students, some 2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own learning.The multi-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.//

春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样,丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动,叫踩高跷。//现在,随着生活水平的不断提高,人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变,春节的精华不会变,那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。//家家户户都会打扫的干干净净,门上都会贴上对联,人人都会穿上新衣裳,拿出最精美的食物,团聚在一起,互道吉利,表示祝贺。//最重要的是,春节是一个合家欢聚的日子,出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家,吃上一年中最重要的一段饭——“团圆饭”。//

The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful.The Dagon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival.Walking on stilts is another traditional performance event popular in china.//Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the New Year.No matter what change there might be, the highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same: hoping for a propitious and happy new year.//Each family will clean up the house and put up an antithetical couplet on each side of the door.Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings.//Most important of all, the Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion.People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back before the New Year’s Eve for the family reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year.//

我们社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制,从而对社会服务提出了更高的要求。//随着政府职能的转变,原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作,有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。//一方面,政府的宏观管理责任将会变得更加重大。另一方面,社会团体和民间组织有必要参与更多的社区服务工作。//这样就提出一个课题:政府和社会团体如何密切合作,如何分工协作,更好地推进社区服务事业。//

The establishment and development of china’s socialist market economy requires the reform and improvement in our soial welfare and security system, which in turn places higher expectations on the work of community service.//With the transformation of governmental functions, much of the work involving social services that was initially undertaken by the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations.// On the one hand, the government will shoulder great responsibilities in its macro-management;and on the other hand, social groups and non-governmental organizations will need to involve themselves more in community service.// Consequently, there has emerged an issue which concerns the way of a close collaboration and the division of responsibilities between the government and social groups, in order to further the development of community service 美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性,而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位,鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校,讨论享有至高无上的地位,讨论是课堂教学的主旋律;而中国教师喜欢讲课,喜欢考试,编写千篇一律的标准教案,培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观,经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的,这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在,中美联系比以往更加紧密,中国人学英语,玩保龄球,吃肯德基,美国人学汉语,练功夫,吃北京烤鸭,《泰坦尼克》驶进中国,《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//

American people emphasize efficiency, competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations.They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy.Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever.Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Fu, like Peking Duck.And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion has been performed on Broadway.// 上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系,通常被成为“本帮菜”,有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样,“本帮菜”具有“色,香,味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用,食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅,个小味美,皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮,形如松鼠,外皮脆而内肉嫩,汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后,我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状,觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

译文:

Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among the major regional cuisines in China, with a history of more than 400 years.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisines takes “ color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.Shanghai cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup.Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is more appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.

第五篇:翻译服务合同(口译)

甲方:____________________

乙方:____________________

甲乙双方经友好协商,就乙方为甲方提供__________语口译服务达成协议如下:

1.期限

口译服务时间为________年_____月_____日到________年_____月_____日,共__________天。服务天数从乙方翻译人员与甲方人员见面的当天起(包含),到乙方翻译人员与甲方人员分手的当天为止(包含)。不足一天,也按一天计算。

2.服务地点及具体内容

________________________________________________________________

3.口译费

每天人民币__________元,共计人民币__________元。

4.付款

签订本合同之后,乙方提供口译服务之前,甲方需向乙方预付人民币_______________元,余款完成口译任务后立即支付。

5.质量保证

乙方保证派遣人员符合口译要求,能为甲方提供圆满服务。

6.其它

本合同一式两份,甲乙双方各执一份。

甲方(盖章):__________________

代表签字:______________________

乙方(盖章):__________________

代表签字:______________________

日期:________年______月______日

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