第一篇：口译实习段落翻译
Part D.段落口译
1.1995年到2000年，我国每万元国内生产总值能耗由3．97吨标准煤下
降到2．77吨标准煤，累计节约和少用能源达4．1亿标准煤。既降低了
企业生产成本，又促进了环境保护。随着中国对外开放的不断扩大，中国
能源市场对外开放的步伐也逐步加快
From 1995 to 2000, China's energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP
dropped from 3.97 tons of standard coal to 2.77 tons.The total amount of
saved energy use amounted to 410 million tons of standard coal.It
reduces production costs and promotes the environment protection.As
China continues to open to the outside world, the energy market is
opening up faster.2.主要能源煤炭、原油产量和发电量分别居世界第二位、第五位和第二位，能源产业成为拉动和保证中国经济增长的重要力量。在能源生产总量持续
快速增长的同时，我国积极推进经济结构调整，加大技术开发力度，加强
资源节约与综合利用，单位能耗不断下降。
Of the main sources of energy, our coal output number two in the world, crude oil number five and electricity number two.The energy industry has become an important driving force in the Chinese economy.Whilst energy output continues to grow at a fast pace, China presses forward with economic restructuring.We are increasing our efforts in technical development.We are working harder to save our resources and to increase integrated applications.Our energy consumption per unit continues to fall.
第二篇：口译句子段落翻译
中级口译辅导教程（王大伟）
1．Translate the following English phrases and sentences into Chinese 33.The Premier paid a state visit to Japan at the invitation of the Japanese Prime Minister.总理应日本首相的邀请对日本进行国事访问。
34.We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening to the outside world.在改革开放的政策下，中国多彩多姿，充满活力，取得巨大的进步，对此我们有深切感受。（我们深切感受到中国在改革开放的政策下，所表现出来的多姿多彩、活力四射与不断进步的景象。）（我们深刻地感受到中国的生机勃勃和日新月异，这番景象应归功于改革开放政策的实施。）
35.…yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones;who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband;who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss…不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们。36.May I propose a toast，To the health of Your Excellency, To the health of all the Chinese friends, To our lasting friendship,Cheers!我提议大家举杯，为阁下的健康，为所有中国朋友的健康，为我们永恒的友谊，干杯！
37.On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music.我谨代表在座的各位同事，对你们无与伦比的款待表示感谢。中国人民不愧一热情好客而享誉天下。我要特别感谢准备这餐美味佳肴的人们，好要特别感谢演奏美妙动听音乐的人们（乐师）。38.Law is no respecter of persons.法律面前，人人平等。
39.China has always unswervingly 坚定不移的followed an independent foreign policy of peace.中国始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。
40.Today, we affirm a new commitment to live out our nation’s promise through civility礼貌客气, courage, compassion and character.今天，我们在这里重申一个新的信念，通过发扬谦恭、勇气、骨气和同情心的精神来实现我们国家的理想。
41.China, a full member of the WTO, will now be a full partner in the global trading system and will have the right and responsibility to fashion and enforce the rules of open trade.中国作为世界贸易组织的正式成员，现在就是这个全球贸易系统的一分子。有权利，也有责任，来制定和执行公开贸易的规则。
42.Serving in restaurants are often large—too large for many people.If you cant’s finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waiter or waitress for a “doggie bag”.It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.餐馆上菜一般分量很足，很多人都用不完。如果你一餐吃不完所有的菜，又想留待以后享用，可以向招待要一个“狗食袋”。袋子上可能印着一条狗，但谁都知道你是把食物拿回去自己享用的。
43.The development and production of Tulip products take place in the Netherlands.The sales and distribution activities in various countries are conducted through our own eighteen subsidiaries in Europe and distributors throughout the rest of the world.郁金香电脑公司的产品在荷兰研制[并]生产。在各国的销售批发等业务是由我们在欧洲的18家子公司和遍布全球[其他地区]的分销商开展的。
44.Is the ideal of a traditional family coming to an end? A high divorce rate, an increase in single-parent households, a rise in the number of unmarried parents, and growing appearance of homosexual families certainly suggest the American family is no longer what it used to be before the 1970s.Despite these trends, many Americans claim that they place the highest value on family life.传统家庭的理想模式走到尽头了吗？离婚率居高不下，单亲家庭日益攀升，未婚父母越来越多，同性恋家庭也不断出现。所有这一切显然都表明美国家庭不再是70年代以前的样子了（遇70年代迥然不同）。尽管出现这些变化趋势，许多美国人声称他们最重视的仍然是家庭生活。
45.Americans continue to say they embrace traditional family values.美国人仍然表示他们信奉（坚持）传统家庭价值观念。
46.He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy 活泼的新鲜的挑逗性的phrases.他感到习语是语言的支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是正确的。
47.cramming method of teaching填鸭式教学方法
48.to teach students according to their aptitude因材施教
49.to combine ability with character(equal stress on integrity and ability)德才兼备
50.Adolescent females are also discouraged from growing up and becoming adult.Growing older is the great taboo.Although boys are allowed and encouraged to become mature adults, girls are encouraged to remain little girls, to be passive and dependent, never to mature.Somehow placed in a double bind, they are supposed to be both sexy and virginal, experienced and naïve, seductive and pure.还有，人们不鼓励少女们成长为成年人。年龄增长是大加避讳的。尽管人们鼓励男孩子成长为成熟的男子汉，却希望女孩子永远是小孩子，乖巧听话，小鸟依人，充满稚气。不知怎的，人们对她们的要求总有两面性，又要她们性感迷人，又要她们纯洁无暇，又要她们成熟老练，又要她们天真质朴，又要她们风情万种，又要她们冰清玉洁。
51.We haven’t called the meeting to discuss the question.我们开会不是讨论这个问题的。52.Beauty is a curious phenomenon, one of permeable, shifting boundaries.We may think we understand it, since we sense it effortlessly.In fact, it is a bundle of mysteries researchers are still uncovering.美是一种奇特的现象，其界定可伸可曲，变幻莫测。因为能不费劲儿地感觉到美，我们也许就以为自己懂得什么是美。其实，美是研究人员还在试图揭开的谜团。
53.The truth is we need both kinds of sleep: we need passive sleep to rest our bodies, and active sleep in order to dream.Dreaming helps us to rest our minds.其实，两种睡眠我们都需要：一方面我们需要消极睡眠以调整机体；另一方面我们也需要积极睡眠以确保能做梦。做梦有助于放松大脑。（因为做梦有助于放松大脑）
54.Obviously, these are bold ideas that have upset many people for ethical reasons.Probably these questions will never be answered.显然，这些大胆的设想使很多人惴惴不安，他们无法从伦理上接受。可能这些问题永远没有答案。
Translate the following Chinese phrases and sentences into English
55.我们尽自己之所能，并将继续竭尽全力，使各位度过一个最轻松、最欢乐、最难忘的夜晚。我希望各位来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴与美酒。请不要客气。We have done our best(utmost)and will continue to do so [in order ] to ensure(guarantee)everyone here enjoys(passes)a most relaxing, delightful and unforgettable(memorable)evening.I hope(It is my hope that)our guests(visitors)will enjoy the traditional Chinese good(dishes/ cuisine)and wines to their heart’s(hearts’)content.Please help yourselves(yourself)56.让我们在这年终岁末之际，共同举杯，祝贺这喜庆佳节。Now, at the end of the year I would like to propose a toast to celebrate this happy occasion.57.我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利体制，从而对社区服务提出了更高的要求。To establish(set up)and develop a socialist market economy in China, we must reform and improve our social welfare and security system, thus placing higher expectations on(setting a higher demand on)community service.58.这是一次具有历史意义的开拓性的会议。它反映了亚欧国家希望获得世界和平与发展、希望各洲之间进行交流与合作的共同愿望。This is a historic pioneering meeting(a pioneering meeting of historic significance).It reflects(mirrors)the common desire(wish)of Asian and European nations for(to achieve)world peace and development as well as inter-continental exchanges and cooperation(collaboration).59.我们应该求同存异，增进相互理解和信任，消除贸易歧视，反对贸易制裁，加强技术交流与合作We should seek common ground while disregarding(overlooking/setting aside/putting aside/reserving/preserving)differences, promote(enhance)mutual understanding and trust(confidence), eliminate(remove)trade discrimination, refrain from(oppose)trade sanctions, and increase(strengthen/further/step up/broaden)technical exchanges and cooperation.60.同世界其他地区一样，节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。菜市场鱼肉满架，购物和烹调成了人们的主要活动。As in other parts of the world, in China on holidays people cook a lot and eat a lot(Like other parts of the world, China has holidays on which people are busy cooking and feasting).The markets(grocery markets)are stacked with meat and fish, and shopping and cooking become people’s main activities(the focus of people’s attention)/(and people are occupied with shopping and cooking).61.例如，农历5月5日的端午节是为了纪念被昏庸君主贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。For example, the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year(the fifth day of the fifth lunar month)is the Dragon Boat Festival, which is celebrated in memory of(in commemoration of)Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister, who was expelled(exiled)by the muddleheaded king and then [he] drowned himself.62.农历8月15日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节日的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼，内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, or the Mid-Autumn Festival, is a day for people to enjoy(view/watch)the(a)full moon, which is a symbol of(symbolizes)wholeness(oneness/completeness)as well as family reunion.The special food for this holiday is the round “mooncake”, which contains(is stuffed with)walnuts, preserved fruits, bean paste, egg yolks, etc…
63.全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。“年糕”这个词里的“糕”字与“高”谐音，寓意来年“节节高”。In various parts(localities)of the country you [can]
see different shapes and flavors of niangao, or New Year cake, which is steamed cake of glutinous rice.The “gao” in niangao is a homophone(homonym)for “high”, meaning(signifying)“rising higher and higher in the coming year”.64.15世纪前的一千多年里，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。For the more than 1,000years(the millennium)before the 15th century, through(along/via)this route Chinese brought(dispatched/delivered/sent)to the West(to Western countries)their silk cloth(fabrics), gunpowder, paper-making technique(skill), and printing technique.65.对传统社会价值观的挑战。中国社会中的拜金主义，对自我的日益关注以及对公益事业的淡漠使中国的许多传统美德受到冲击。Challenges to traditional [social] values.The money worship(idolization), the growing egoism(egotism/egocentric trends/extreme individualism/concern for one’s own interests), and the increasing indifference to the public interests(public welfare)—all these are having a negative impact on many of the Chinese traditional virtues.66.您在这里可以欣赏古代格斗术，您也可以在这里习武。由中国武术协会创立的武术宫为您准备了精彩的、扣人心弦的表演节目—您除了可以观赏武术家的表演外，还可以观赏京剧项目和杂技表演。Here you can appreciate(watch)the ancient(the ancient form of)barehanded fight(fighting), and you can also practice the martial arts by yourself.The Martial Arts Palace, which was founded(erected/ set up/ established)by the Chinese Martial Arts Association, offers you marvelous, exciting(marvelously exciting/ splendidly thrilling)performances.In addition to(Besides)the martial artists’ performances, you can also watch Peking operas and acrobatics(acrobatic shows/ performances)67.相反，东亚社会的自我约束性、集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。By contrast(In contrast to these), East Asia is characterized by the traditions of self-discipline, collective responsibility, and mild, kind, honest and refined personal characters, which may contribute to the elimination of many Western evils(vices/ills).68.懂得一门语言包括懂得哪些句子在某种场合中使用是恰当的。这就是说，语言的使用受到场合或上下文的约束。Knowing a language includes(involves/ necessitates/ entails)knowing what sentences are appropriate in what(certain/particular)contexts/ situations.In other words, language use(the use of language)is governed by(is constrained by/ is subject to the restrictions of /depends on)the situation or context.(situation-dependent, context-dependent)69.中国有句古话是这样说的：“山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。”中国书法好似山上之仙、水中之龙。An old Chinese saying goes like this:(As an old Chinese saying goes,)“A mountain is famous for the immortal residing there rather than(for)its height;and a river is holy for the dragon in it instead of(for)its depth.” Chinese calligraphy is as important [to Chinese culture] as the immortal on the mountain and dragon in the river.70.社区服务是当今各国普遍关注的一个问题。它不但是社会稳定的措施之一，而且是社会进步与发展的需要。社区服务对于解决某些社会问题，改善人民生活，促进精神文明建设都有着重要的作用。Community service is an issue of common concern among all countries(an issue that draws widespread attention from various countries).It
not only represents(is)a measure to stabilize society(to achieve social stability), but also meets the demand(satisfies the need)for social progress and development.Community service plays an important role(part)in solving some(certain)social problems, improving people’s life and promoting cultural and ethical progress(cultural and ideological progress/ spiritual civilization).71.中国正在招商引资，我们应该全力协助。China is looking for investment, and we should walk up and offer our best help.72.这样做的目的旨在使税收制度标准化，创造企业与企业之间、地区与地区之间公平竞争的条件，进一步改善投资环境。This aims to standardize the taxation system, create conditions for fair competition between various enterprises and between various regions, and further improve the investment environment.73.对于那些只熟悉普通欧洲语言的人来说，汉语是一种截然不同的语言。To those who know only the chief European languages, Chinese is an entirely different language.74.事实上蚊子是世界上最危险的虫子，也是人类最古老的宿敌和最致命的杀手。As a matter of fact, the mosquito is the world’s biggest danger to us.Also, it is human beings’ oldest and deadliest enemy.75.对于那些用餐时只会使用刀叉的西方人来说，掌握用筷的方法和技巧开始时难度也许很大，也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要用心练习。For Westerners who can only use fork and knife at a meal, mastery of the skills of using chopsticks may be challenging at first, but it is interesting and merely requires great patience and careful practice.76.在中国，餐桌上放一把刀是极其少见的现象。在许多人看来，刀会是人联想到虎视眈眈、咄咄逼人的武器，因而不可在友好温暖的餐桌上占有一席之地。In China it is rare to see a knife on the dinner table.To many people, a knife is associated with the image of a menacing, aggressive weapon, and therefore it should not be placed on a friendly, warm dining table.2． Translate the following two English paragraphs into Chinese Businesses are being told to be on their guard against the most dangerous computer virus ever detected.But it may be too late.The new virus is the first that can spread through a network unaided and then strike during the night or weekend, turning computer files into unintelligible code.Unlike conventional viruses, Remote Explorer, as it calls itself, can infect a machine without the user having to open a file—usually an attachment to an e-mail.Even more worrying, the virus is so sophisticated it can spread through a network without having to hitch a ride on an e-mail or file.It then uses an internal clock to strike at a quiet time.ii.Haier, the leading appliance maker in China, is well known in its home market for its innovative goods.The company sells a clothes washer with an attachment for kneading noodle dough, a clothes washer that will clean potatoes and a “prevent near-sightedness TV”, designed for children of working parents.It cuts off when anyone gets within two feet of the unit.Laugh, but such products have helped boost Haier’s sales to more than $5 billion annually and placed it among the world leaders in appliance sales.公司纷纷接到警告：小心迄今为止发现的最厉害的计算机病毒。但是，可能为时已晚。这是第一种不借助外力而在网络里自行蔓延、并在夜晚或周末发动袭击、把计算机文件变成难以理解的符号的新病毒。与一般病毒不同的是，这种自称为遥控探i.险者的病毒能在用户尚未打开文件—通常是与电子邮件相连的文件—的时候感染计算机。更令人担忧的是，这种病毒非常先进，它无需附着在电子邮件或文件上就能在网络上传播，并利用内部时钟在寂静时刻出击。
海尔公司是中国主要电器生产厂家，因产品的不断创新而在国内市场上负有盛名。该公司销售一种带有揉面团附件的洗衣机、一种可以清洗土豆的洗衣机和一种可“预防近世眼”的电视机。这种电视机的服务对象是那些父母都在外工作的儿童。一旦有人走入距电视机两英尺的距离之内，电视机就会自动关闭。搞笑吧，正是这些产品能使海尔公司每年的销售额超过50亿美圆，名列世界电器销售商的前列。
第三篇：段落翻译
汉译英：
蚯蚓是一种有益的动物。在地面上它是其他动物的食物。在地下，它为田野和花园制造肥沃的土壤。
蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空气和水更容易达到植物的根部。这些洞穴还有利于土壤的排水。
蚯蚓把枯萎的树叶、草和花瓣拖进洞穴中。当这些植物垃圾腐烂后，就使土壤肥沃。
蚯蚓对制造优良的的表层土壤所起的作用是其它任何动物都比不上的。据估计，五万条蚯蚓一年内能在一英亩的土地上制造大约十八吨优良土壤。
The earthworm is a useful animal.On the ground it is food for other animals.Under the ground, it makes rich soil for fields and gardens.Earthworms dig tunnels that loosen the soil and make it for air and water to reach the roots of plants.These tunnels help keep the soil well drained.Earthworms drag withered leaves, grass and flowers into their burrows.When this plant litter decays, it makes the soil more fertile.No other animal is so useful in building up good topsoil.It is estimated that in one year fifty thousand earthworms carry about eighteen tons of the fine soil to the surface of an acre of land.我深深爱着的祖国――古老而又年轻。说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路――中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。
My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典――《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。
The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.很高兴出席世界经济论坛2009年年会，并发表特别致辞。首先，我要感谢施瓦布主席的盛情邀请和周到安排。本届年会意义特殊，在历史罕见的国际金融危机之中，各国政要、企业家和专家学者聚集在这里，围绕“重塑危机后的世界”这一主题，共同探讨维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济增长的举措，探索全球综合治理之道，既有重要的现实意义，也体现了会议举办者的远见卓识。各方面热切期盼从这里听到富有智慧的声音，凝聚战胜危机的力量。我们有责任向世界传递信心、勇气和希望。我预祝本届年会取得成功！
I am delighted to be here and address the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009.Let me begin by thanking Chairman Schwab for his kind invitation and thoughtful arrangements.This annual meeting has a special significance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history, it brings together government leaders, business people, experts and scholars of different countries to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth and better address global issues.Its theme � “Shaping the Post-Crisis World” is highly relevant.It reflects the vision of its organizers.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence, courage and hope.I look forward to a successful meeting.青岛坐落在山东半岛南部，依山临海，天姿秀美，气候凉爽，人称“东方瑞士”。白天青岛宛如镶嵌在黄海边的绿宝石。夜里则像一只在大海中摆动的摇篮。难怪许多人乐意来这里疗养。
Qingdao, known as the “Switzerland of the Orient”, is situated on the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula.Wedged between hills and waters, the city is endowed with a beautiful scenery and a delightful climate.By day, she looks like a green gem inlaid in the coastline of the Yellow Sea and, at night, a cradle rocking upon the sea waves.No wonder so many people come to seek rest and relaxation.作为中国最早的教育中心和科学研究中心，北京大学聚集了中国优秀的专家学者，不断开拓创新，改造发展，以培养出的高质量人才和做出的高水平科学成果深刻影响和推动着中国高等教育的航程。一百年来，北京大学为代表的中国现代大学群，在中国走向现代化的历史进程中起到了重要的先锋作用，形成了光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统。
As China’s earliest center of education and scientific research, Beijing University has gathered China’s most brilliant specialists and scholars, continuously opened up, blazed new trails, engaged itself in reform and development for training high-quality talent and achieving high-level scientific fruits that deeply influenced and advanced the range of China’s higher education.Over the past hundred years, this group of China’s contemporary universities, with Beijing University as its stellar representative, has played a pioneering role in China’s historical course towards modernization, forming a glorious revolutionary as well as an exemplary academic tradition.周恩来的品德、人格、风范、情怀为中华民族树立了一座精神丰碑。他那种勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨、全心全意为人民服务的奉献精神；那种艰苦朴素、严于律己、心底无私、一心为公的清廉精神；那种顾全大局，不计个人荣辱得失的牺牲精神；那种实事求是的求实精神；那种言行一致的磊落精神,新手卡；那种对党对国家和人民的高度责任感，工作一丝不苟，周密细致的精神，正是我们今天建设社会主义精神文明所迫切需要发扬光大的。
Zhou Enlai’s moral character, personality, style and noble sentiments constituted a paragon for the Chinese nation.His dedication as shown in his diligent, conscientious and hard working and whole-hearted service to the people, without any complaint;his incorruptibility as shown in his plain living, being strict with himself, selflessness and engrossment by public interest;his spirit of sacrifice as shown in his never being concerned about personal honor or disgrace, gain or loss in deference to the interests of the overall situation;his realistic approach of seeking truth from facts;his open and upright spirit of being as good as his words;his high sense of responsibility to the Party, the state and the people;his strict and careful spirit of working conscientiously and meticulously are all that we need urgently to carry forward in fostering our socialist spiritual civilization.A Paradise of the Birds Ba Jin
After we finished dinner at Chen’s little school, the heat of the day had already diminished.The sun retreated behind the hills, leaving brightly colored clouds hanging in the sky, over the hills and trees.“Let’s go boating!” Chen proposed, as we watched the mountain view by the pond in front of the school gate.“Great,” the rest of the group answered enthusiastically.We walked through a gravel path, and before long we reached the bank, where a pavilion stood made of straw.Filing through the pavilion, we found several small boats anchored under two big trees along the bank.One after another, we hopped into one of the boats.One friend loosened the rope, pushed the bamboo pole against the bank, which moved the boat to the center of the river.Three friends were rowing;Ye and I were sitting in the middle, enjoying ourselves in the scenery surrounding us.In the distance a pagoda was erected on the top of a hill, surrounded by many green trees.It was rare to see such a pagoda, and over there it was the hometown of my friend Ye.The river was wide, the water glistening without a ripple.The boat was steadily floating on the water, the three oars pulling in rhythm.Then the river narrowed at a certain point.Clusters of leaves stretched out touching the water’s surface.The leaves were in a lovely green color.There seemed to be many lush banyan trees, but I couldn’t make out where the main trunks of the trees were.My friends immediately corrected me as I referred to them as being many banyan trees.One of them said it was only one banyan, and another said there were two.I had seen many enormous banyans before, but it was the first time I saw such a gigantic one.As the boat drew nearer to the banyan, I finally got a good look at it.This was a huge tree, with countless branches, on which grew aerial prop roots.Many of the roots were dangling to the ground, some all the way into the soil.There were branches hanging above the water.Seen from a distance, the tree seemed to be reposed on the water.It was in the lush season(the tree bearing little fruits, many of which had fallen.)The banyan seemed to showcase its vibrant life energy to us.There were many leaves, clusters over clusters, with not even a tiny hole existing.The emerald green shining brightly in front of our eyes, it was like on each leaf there was a new life dancing.What a tree it is growing in the beautiful southern part of China!
The boat was moored under the tree for a moment, but we didn’t get onto the bank because it was so wet.A friend said it was known as the ‘paradise of the birds’ here.The local peasants forbade anyone to catch these birds.I thought I had heard some sounds of flapping wings, but by the time I shifted my eyes to that direction, I didn’t see any birds.There were many roots sticking out on the ground, looking like stakes.The soil was wet, perhaps for the tides frequently washed onto the shore.There were no birds in the “paradise of the birds,” I thought.The boat moved again, as a friend pushed the boat, and it drifted to the center of the river.Along the path in the crop fields on the shore there were some litchi trees, with clusters of the red weighty fruits hiding among the leaves.Our boat was heading towards there.A friend pulled the boat into a ditch with an oar.We moored the boat at the path, and jumped onto the bank.Two friends swiftly climbed up the trees, throwing down several clusters of litchis with leaves.Chen, Ye and I were down below catching them.After they came down, we ate the litchis as we headed back to the boat.On the following day, we boated to Ye’s hometown, the place we had seen the hills and the pagoda.Setting off from Chen’s little school, we passed the ‘paradise of the birds’ again.This time it was morning, and the sun was pouring over the water, as well as the branches.Everything was extremely bright.We stopped under the tree for a moment.It was very quiet at first, but then a burst of chirps broke the silence.Chen clapped his hands, and we saw a big bird flying over, then a second, and a third.We continued to clap, and soon the woods became very boisterous.Bird chirps were all over the place, and so were the birds, the big ones, small ones, variegated ones and black ones.Some perched on the branches, chirping;some were flying up;some were flapping their wings.I busied myself by watching them.Just as I saw this one clearly, I already missed the other one, and when I turned my eyes to the second one, the third one had flown off.A thrush flew out, but was startled by our clapping and then turned back into the woods.It stopped at a thin branch, and started to sing enthusiastically.The sounds were so beautiful.“Let’s go.” Ye rushed me to leave.As the boat was floating to the village under the pagoda, I kept turning back to look at the lush banyan left behind.I felt a little melancholy to leave this place.Yesterday, I was cheated by my eyes.The “paradise of the birds” is a real paradise for the birds!
June, 1933 in Guangzhou.Guo Yue of China returns the ball in the women's single finals against her teammate Li Xiaoxia at the world table tennis championships in Zagreb May 25, 2007.Guo beat Li 8-11, 11-7, 4-11, 2-11, 11-5, 11-2, 11-8 to win the women's singles title.北京时间5月25日，在萨格勒布世界乒乓球锦标赛女子单打决赛上，郭跃以大比分4－3逆转队友李晓霞，夺得了本届世乒赛女单冠军。
Zhang Yining and Guo Yan, both of China, picked bronze medals.张怡宁和郭燕获得了此次比赛的铜牌。
The 18-year-old Guo was jolted awake in the fifth set, sweeping three sets in a row to triumph 8-11, 11-7, 4-11, 2-11, 11-5, 11-2, 11-8.18岁的郭跃在第五局中调整了心态，连胜三局。
Fourth-seeded Guo, who stunned defending Olympic and world champion Zhang Yining in the semifinals, didn't find her touch until the end of the fourth set, in which she had once trailed 0-9.四号种子郭跃在半决赛的第四局中曾以0比9落后于未免世界冠军张怡宁，直到这一局快要结束才表现出自己的特长。
Guo used her forehand topspin and lightning backhand flicks to win the fifth set 11-5 and then the sixth 11-2.在第五局和第六局，郭跃使用正手击球和反手击球的战术分别以11-5和11-2轻松获胜。
Both players were technically correct in the final set but the championship game was usually a battle of minds.At the end of the fourth set the momentum was with Li, now it was with Guo.最后一局两位队员在技术上不分伯仲（均没有出现失误），但比赛往往也是一场心理素质的较量。
Li looked disconsolate as she made errors with Guo moving into a 4-0 lead.When the
players changed ends Guo was 5-0 ahead, prompting Li to call “Time Out”.She returned to serve a clean ace.由于自已的失误而导致郭跃以4-0领先，李晓霞有些郁郁寡欢。换场时，郭跃以5-0领先，李晓霞喊了暂停。回来后，凭发球获得一分。
Guo called “Time Out” with a 7-3 lead and then went ahead 10-4。
在7-3领先的情况下，郭跃喊了暂停，随后将比分追到了10-4。
Weekly Weather Forecast(May 21 to 27)
Northwest China May 21, western and northern Xinjiang to see overcast skies with light to moderate rain or snow, potentially spreading to eastern sections of the region.May 22 to 24, wet weather will continue in the same areas, turning heavy and accompanied by strong winds.Mountain passes will be battered by gale-force winds as sand storms will affects areas of Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia, bringing a drop in temperature.May 25 to 27, the sun will break through the clouds while a meek cold air front brings winds to Xinjiang and western Gansu.西北部地区：5月21日，新疆的西部和背部地区多云间晴转中雨或雪，雨雪还将会波及到这个地区的西部。5月22至24日将会持续雨雪天气，将有可能转为大雨或大雪并会伴有大风的出现。山口地区将会遭受大风的袭击，新疆、甘肃和宁夏地区将会有沙城天气出现并伴有气温的下降。25日至27日，将会云开日出，同时，一股弱冷空气的前锋将会给新疆和甘肃西部带来大风天气。
North China: May 21 to 22, most parts to be cloudy to overcast with light to moderate rain turning heavy in some areas.May 23 to 25, rain clouds will dominate the skies across central and southern parts, with occasional thunder storms, gusting winds and a mercury drop.May 26 to 27, the rain will abate, continuing scattered in some places, letting sunny patches prevail.北部地区：5月21日至22日，大部分地区将会经历由多云到晴间多云到中雨再到大雨的天气过程。23日25日，中部和南部地区将会出现雷阵雨，并伴有狂风和气温的下降。26日至27日，雨势将会减弱，但仍零星地分布在一些地区，其他地区将会转为晴天。
Northeast China: May 21 to 22, cloudy skies will bring occasional downpours on eastern regions.May 23 to 27, rain will be seen across the region with strong winds blowing in from the north.The weather may turn vicious as temperatures drop, shadowing the arrival of thunderstorms and hail.冰雹
东北部地区：5月21日至22日，东部地区将会有大雨出现。23日至27日整个地区将会出现降雨天气并伴有北风。伴随着降温,最新网络游戏，天气将变得恶劣起来，随之将会有大雷雨和冰雹出现。
Central China: May 21 to 22, rainfalls will affect most parts, occasionally turning heavy.May 23 to 25, cold and warm air fronts will collide, causing moderate rain to stormy weather across the region.Central and northern parts can expect strong northerly winds as storm fronts roll in.May 26 to 27, clouds will persist throughout, with mild rain showers.中部地区：5月21日至22日，大部分地区都会出现降雨过程，局部地区将会有大雨。5月23至25日，由于热冷空气的将会整个地区将会出现中到大雨。大雨前锋过处，中部和北部地区将会刮起大风。
East China: May 21 to 23, most parts to see cloudy and rainy climes although Fujian, northern Anhui and some of western Shanxi Province will be lashed with heavy rain.May 24 to 25, northern banks of the Huaihe River to see strong winds while southern reaches will see persistent rainfall.May 26 to 27, sunny weather will dominate throughout although scattered showers may occur in the late afternoon or evening.东部地区：5月21日至23日，大部分地区将会出现阴雨天气，福建、安徽北部和山西西部地区将会遭遇大雨天气。5月24日至25日，淮河北部地区将会有大风出现，南部地区将会持续降雨过程。5月26至27日，整个地区将会转为晴好天气，傍晚和夜间人会有零星阵雨。
reaches(江、河的)一段流域;地带;大片地区
South China: May 21 to 23, most parts to be overcast, while northern parts will see heavy rain and thunderstorms.May 24 to 27, thunderstorms will continue although rain will abate in western and northern parts.南部地区：5月21日至23日，大部分地区将会是多云天气，北部地区将会有大雨或暴雨。5月24日至27日，将会持续暴雨天气，西部和北部地区的雨势将会减弱。
Southwest China: May 21 to 23, as in much of the country, most parts will see overcast conditions but strong winds and hail will arrive later on, affecting much of southeastern Tibet, the western Sichuan Plateau, Chongqing, Guizhou and western and southern Yunnan.May 23 to 24, the Sichuan Basin, Chongqing and Guizhou will confront strong northerly winds, with possible snow coming in on May 25 to 27.China National Meteorological Center
西南部地区：21日至23日，和全国大部分地区一样，这里将会是阴云密布的天气，但大风和冰雹要来的晚一些，西藏东南部、四川盆地、重庆和贵州将会遭遇强烈的北风袭击，25日至27日有可能会出现降雪天气。
段落翻译 1 当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。In today’s world competition among states is mainly a competition amongtalented professionals.Therefore it is a decision adopted by the CPC CentralCommittee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among ouroverseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong Macao and Taiwan.This will help us strengthen our competitive edge.The departments that wouldintroduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed toincreasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider worldsuch as banking insurance industry large state-owned enterprises etc.段落翻译 2 莫高窟有 1000 多个洞窟，又叫千佛洞，现有几百个洞窟，其中十分之六七的洞窟是隋唐时期开凿的。洞窟的四壁和顶上画满了彩色壁画。现存壁画总面积有 45000 多平方米，内容表现了佛教故事，不少画面反映出隋唐时期社会的繁荣。莫高窟的塑像共有 2400 多尊，隋唐时期占了近一半。The Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang used to have over 1000 caves but nowadaysthere remain only a few hundred of which 60-70 were made in the Sui and Tangdynasties.The walls and ceilings of the grottoes are covered with coloredfrescos totaling more than 45000 m2.The frescos depict Buddhist stories.Many of them reflect the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.The Mogao Grottoesboast over 2400 statues almost half of which date from the Sui and Tangdynasties.段落翻译 3 中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.Therecorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.Chopsticks were named Zhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple touse but possess multi-various functions such as clamping turning overlifting up raking stirring scooping poking tearing and so on.Chopstickswere taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.Forexample the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphorat weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have ababy soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands a pair ofchopsticks also implies the meaning of “harmony is what matters”.Chopsticksare highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient orientalcivilization.段落翻译 4 作为中国最早的教育中心和科学研究中心，北京大学聚集了中国优秀的专家学者，不断开拓创新，改造发展，以培养出的高质量人才和做出的高水平科学成果深刻影响着中国高等教育的航程。一百年来，北京大学为代表的中国现代大学群，在中国走向现代化的历史进程中起到了重要的先锋作用，形成了光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统。As China’s earliest center of education and scientific research BeijingUniversity has gathered China’s most brilliant specialists and scholarscontinuously opened up blazed new trails engaged itself in reform anddevelopment for training high-quality talent and achieving high-levelscientific fruits that deeply influenced and advanced the range of China’shigher education.Over the past hundred years this group of China’scontemporary universities with Beijing University as its stellarrepresentative has played a pioneering role in China’s historical coursetowards modernization forming a glorious revolutionary as well as anexemplary academic tradition.段落翻译 5 在中国，龙是一种吉祥的生物。在中国古代，龙被视为皇权的象征。直到现在，龙仍然是备受尊崇的神物，代表着财富、智慧、成功、权力以及幸运。中国人自豪地宣称他们是龙的子孙。西方媒体也经常把龙用作中国的标志。如今，大多数欧洲人都知道龙在中国是一种吉祥的生物，也知道龙是中国的十二生肖之一。The Chinese dragon is anauspicious creature.In the ancient times the dragon was the symbol ofimperial power.Even today as a magical creature beloved by the people itstill represents wealth wisdom success power and good fortune.Chinesepeople proudly claim that they are the descendants of the dragon.The dragonalso often appears in the publications of Western media as the symbol of China.Nowadays most Europeans understand that dragon is a lucky creature in Chinaand it is one of the 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs.段落翻译 6 经济危机已给英国的年轻人带来深重的影响。现在有一百多万人失业。这些人中超过22的人年龄集中于十六至二十四岁。要不是因为即将来临的夏季奥运会，这 种情况在伦敦可能会更为严重。奥运会一部分收入已经用来帮助伦敦的弱势青年进行职业培训。即将来临的盛事刚好提供了一些机会。随着奥运会的临近，整个伦敦 都正在改变着。新机遇应运而生。但到了秋季，运动会将会结束。届时许多临时性的工作将不复存在。因此我们担忧的是奥运会结束之后我们该怎么办。Britain’s younger workers have been hit especially hard by the financialcrisis.The economy crisis has taken its toe on Britain’s youth.One millionplus are now unemployed.More than 22 are those aged 16 to 24.It might beworse in London if it is not for the upcoming Summer Olympics.Some of theOlympic money has gone to help London disadvantage youth to get job training.The majoring upcoming event is offering some opportunities.With the OlympicGames approaching the whole London is changing.A newopportunity isdeveloping.But by the autumn the Olympics will be over.And many ofthetemporary jobs will go.So the worry is what we could do after the Olympics.段落翻译 7 元宵节是中国的传统佳节，在每年的农历正月十五这一天庆祝。元宵节的到来也标志着春节的结束。元宵节的传统可以追溯到西汉时期，像其他的传统节日一样，关于元宵节也有一个美丽的传说。据说，与道家的传统有关。按中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月高悬的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。出门赏月、燃灯放焰、喜猜灯谜、共吃元宵，其乐融融。The Lantern Festival is a traditional Chinese festival which is on the 15thof the first month of the Chinese New Year.The festival marks the end of thecelebrations of the Chinese New Year.Chinese started to celebrate the LanternFestival from the Han Dynasty 206 BC-221 AD.Like most other Chinese festivals there is also a story behind the Festival.It is also believed that the festival has Taoist origins.This is a festival for people having fun.Onthe night of the festival people go on streets with a variety of lantern sunder the full moon guessing Chinese riddles and lighting up firecrackers，eating Yuanxiao glutinous rice ball.There is really a lot of fun for the young and the old.段落翻译 8 中国的手工艺品、丝绸、瓷器、地毯、棉纺织品在世界上享有盛名，而且比在世界其他地方购买价格更合理，挑选余地更大。中国各地都有自己独特的产品可买，比如说北京的景泰蓝、地毯；上海的中国服装、棉纺织品；杭州的丝绸；苏州的古玩；到西安您可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。如果您嫌麻烦，也可以在北京、上海的友谊商店里将东西一次买齐，大城市的友谊商店一般货源都比较充足，而且可以代您托运。China has won a worldwide reputation for handicrafts silk porcelaincarpets and textiles all more reasonably priced and of greater variety thanelsewhere in the world.Unique local creations are available in their owncities such as Beijing’s cloisonné and carpets Shanghai’s Chinese clothingand cotton textiles Hangzhou’s silk Suzhou’s antiques and Xi’an’sthree-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra cotta figures.Iftourists are not able to reach these cities most of these products can bepurchased in the Friendship Stores in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai.These stores also help you transport what you have bought
第四篇：中级口译考试段落
文化是指一个民族的整体生活方式。这一简单定义的含义使文化包括了这样一些内容，即一个民族的风俗、传统、社会习惯、价值观、信仰、语言、思维方式以及El常活动。文化还包含了文明史。从广义上说，有两种文化，即物质文化和精神文化。物质文化是具体的、可见的，而精神文化则比较蕴蓄、比较抽象。
Culture means the total way of life of a people.This simple definition implies that culture refers to the customs, traditions, social habits, values, beliefs, language, ways of thinking and daily activities of a people.It also includes the history of civilization.In the broad sense, there are two types of culture, that is, material culture and spiritual culture.Material culture is concrete and observable, while spiritual culture implicit and abstract.由于人类语言是文化的直接表现，所以第二语言的学习涉及了第二文化的学习。第二语言教师应该引导学生注意并了解他们所学语言的文化内容。包括理解外族文化的价值观，掌握外族文化的礼仪，了解外族文化与本族文化之间的差异。
Because human language is a direct manifestation of culture, learning a second language involves learning a second culture.For the teacher of a second language, he or she should make sure to develop the students' awareness and knowledge of the culture of the target language they are learning.This includes understanding the values of the target culture, acquiring a command of the etiquette of the target culture and understanding the differences between the target culture and the students' own culture.随着学生外语学习的深化，他们会增进对所学语言民族的文化特征的认识。这种开阔了的文化认识可以涉及文化的所有方面：外族人的生活方式，以及外族社会的地理、历史、经济、艺术和科学等。我们知道，每个民族的文化有不同于其他民族文化的礼仪规范。因此，学生在上外语课时应该学习操目标语的民族那些恰当得体的礼仪规范，学习如何理解陌生的文化习俗，学习在与外族人交际时应有的言谈举止。
As students progress through a foreign language program, it is expected that they will increase their awareness of the cultural characteristics of the speakers of the language under study.This broadened cultural knowledge may touch on all aspects of culture, the people's way of life as well as the geographic, historical, economic artistic and scientific aspects of the target society.We know that each culture has different etiquette patterns.And therefore, in a foreign language course, students should learn the appropriate etiquette patterns expected of the people living in the country where the target language is spoken.Students should also learn how to interpret unfamiliar cultural conventions and how to act appropriately when communicating with the persons of the foreign culture.改革开放30年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。//通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。//作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾 As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice for learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land,whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And during the learning progress,the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// Meanwhile, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay 越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。
It's interesting to note that apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism,and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//
在这个经济全球化的时代背景下，大学将扮演怎样的角色呢？大学将如何通过旨在提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动进而推动社会的进步呢？在这个日新月异、充满变数的社会，大学又将如何培养那些善于取精用弘的学生呢？//今天我演讲的重点是大学创新与研究的作用，因为创新是大学精神之所在，同时也是经济增长和新技术产生的主要原因。我们应该认识到，本科生教育和研究生教育都与研究紧密相连。我们的教育应该为学生创造一种可以探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围，将教学与研究融合在一起的教育可以培养一批活跃在探索前沿、聪颖开放的青年才俊。//一届又一届的大学毕业生可以向社会传播发明创造的知识。
What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society?//Most of my remarks will focus on the roll of innovation and research in the university since that is university spirit ,as well as the primary source of economic growth and new technologies.It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research.Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in anatmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery.An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young, bright and uninhibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery.//The process of graduation will disseminate the knowledge of new discoveries and innovations.大学最的使根本的使命就是创造新知识，虽然大学所创造的新只是有时会立即产生实际应用价值，但这决不是大学所追求的唯一目标。将获取实际应用价值的目标定位大学的主要目标是一种短视行为。基础研究也同样是大学的使命，而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。//选对人是确保创新型研究环境的首要因素，也是最为关键的因素。选人要选三种人： 第一种人是浮想联翩的思想家，第二种人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三种人是不受常规约束的实 干家。// The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications.But that can never be the only goal.And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted.Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that.Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution.//Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment.There are three types of people that can be important.The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries.The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers.The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors.//
第五篇：口译常用称谓翻译
阁下 Your/His/Her Excellency 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal)Highness 国家主席 President(of PRC)国务委员 State Councilor 人大常委会委员长 NPC Chairman 部长 Minister 局长 Director/Head of the Bureau 校长（大学）President of … University 校长（中小学）Principal/Headmaster of … Middle School 系主任（大学学院下属）Dean/Chairman of … Department 中科院院长 President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 会长（学/协会）President 厂长 Director 院长（医院）President 主任 Director 董事长 President/Chairman of the Board 秘书长 Secretary-General 护士长 Head Nurse 审判长 Chief Judge 社长（报社）Director 县/区/乡/镇/村长 County/District/Township/Town/Village Chief/Head
总书记 General Secretary 总检察长 Procurator-general 总会计师 Chief Accountant 总干事 Director-General 总代理 General Agent 总工程师 Chief Engineer 总导演 Head/Chief Director 总建筑师 Chief Architect 总编辑 Chief Editor;Editor-in-chief 总指挥 Commander-in-chief 总出纳 Chief/General Cashier 总领事 Consul-general 总裁判 Chief Referee 总监 Director;Chief Inspector 总经理 General Manager;Managing Director;Executive Manager 总厨 Head Cook;Chef 首席执行官 Chief Executive Officer(CEO)首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer(COO)首席财务官 Chief Financial Officer(CFO)首席战略官 Chief Strategy Officer(CSO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer(CIO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer(CTO)首席仲裁员 Chief Arbitrator 首席谈判代表 Chief Negotiator 首席顾问 Chief Advisor 首席代表 Chief Representative 首席记者 Chief Correspondent
副总统 Vice President 副主席 Vice Chairman 副总理 Vice Premier 副部长 Vice Minster 副省长 Vice Governor 副市长 Vice Mayor 副领事 Vice Consul 副校长（大学）Vice President 副校长（中小学）Vice/Assistant Principal 副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General 副书记 Deputy Secretary 副院长 Deputy Dean 副总经理 Deputy/Assistant Manager 副教授 Associate Professor 副主编 Associate Managing Editor 副研究员 Associate Research Fellow 副编审 Associate Senior Editor 副审判长 Associate Judge 副译审 Associate Senior Translator
助理教授 Assistant Professor 助理研究员 Assistant Research Fellow 助理教练 Assistant Coach 助理工程师 Assistant Engineer 助理农艺师 Assistant Agronomist
高级工程师 Senior Engineer 高级讲师 Senior Lecturer
特派记者 Accredited Correspondent 特派员/专员 Commissioner 特约编辑 Contributing Editor
代理市长 Acting Mayor 代理主任 Acting Director 代理总理 Acting Premier 常务理事 Managing Director 常务副校长 Managing Vice President 执行主任 Executive Director 执行主席 Executive Chairman 执行秘书 Executive Secretary 名誉校长 Honorary President/Principal 名誉主席/会长 Honorary Chairman/President 客座教授 Visiting Professor 院士 Academician
以下机构的负责人可以用 “director”, “head”, 或“chief”表示：
来 国务院 the State Council
司（部属）/厅（省属）department 署（省属）office 局
bureau 所 institute 处 division 科 section 股 section 室/办公室 office
特首（香港、澳门特别行政区行政长官）
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong/Macao Administrative Region(SAR)
Special
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