第一篇：高级英语复习笔记及讲解2
本资料来自英语自考网http://www.xiexiebang.completed by the end of this month（in）one way or another.不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束。
b.batten on ： thrive，or prosper，or live in luxury（on）（esp.at the expoense of others）（靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊
13.Some of us find this distasteful-an undignified kind of life.distasteful ： disagreeable ； unpleasant 讨厌的，令人不愉快的。
如：Jazz is distasteful to me.我讨厌爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我的口味）
14.But for the poor in spirit，with low levels of both energy and pride，it may be the least intolerable choice available.avaible ： ready for use ； readily obtainable
a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。
如：employ all means available 采用一切可能的方法。
The dress is available in all sizes.这种款式的服装大小尺寸都有。
b.（人）有空的。
如：I‘ll be available tomorrow morning.我明天早上有空。
15.This strategy has ancient antecedents.antecedent ： preceding thing or circumstance，esp.（pl.）past history of a person 前事，前情；
（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史。
如； a woman of shady antecedent 一个来历可疑的女人
16.„„ that is，the city，with all its ugliness and tension.tension ： mental strain 紧张。
英语自考网www.xiexiebang.come short of，become exhausted 用完。
如； We ran out of petrol the other day.那一天我们汽油用光了。
We are running out of time.我们已经没有时间了。
19.Plot a Revolution
plot ： plan secretly 密谋。
如：They plotted how to kill him.他们密谋如何杀死他。
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密谋抢银行。
20.„„ those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force.a.tedious ： long and tiresome 冗长乏味的。
如：a tedious lecture 冗长的演讲；tedious work 乏味的工作
b.working（s）： action，operation 工作，运作。
如：the workings of the mind，the workings of the nature 自然的运作
21.To them it offers a romantic appeal，usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.a.a romantic appeal ： appeal n.： the power to attract the mind or emotions 吸引力。
如：Such life has no appeal for me.这种生活对我没有吸引力。
That sort of music has lost its appeal for me.这种音乐已经失去了对我的吸引力。
v.appeal to ： 吸引。
如：Does the menu appeal to me？ 菜单吸引我了吗？
英语自考网www.xiexiebang.come off，„„
come off ： happen，occur 发生。
如：The invasion came off last week.入侵是上星期发生的。
To be effective or successful 生效，成功。
如：She didn‘t come off well in the interview.她的面试不很成功。
24.I am not，of course，suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.accomplish ： bring to a successful conclusion ； achievement 完成。
如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles 实现某种目标/取得很大成就/实现奇迹
accomplish ： skilled，expert 熟练的，内行的。
如：an accomplish golf player 技术精湛的高尔夫运动员
accomplishment（s）修养，才艺。
如：a woman of many accomplishment 多才多艺的女人
25.For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of，cleansed of all human meanness.cleanse ： make clean 清洗。
如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol.她用酒精清洗伤口。
cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗灵魂的罪恶
26.At first glance，this course is far from inviting.inviting ： temptingly attractive 诱人的。
如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 诱人的菜肴
27.It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion „„
exasperate ： annoy extremely 令人怒不可遏
英语自考网www.xiexiebang.come into view in indistint and enlarged form 忽隐忽现。
如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist.冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现。
Dangers are looming ahead.危险阴森森地逼近。
30.„„ of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.guise ： a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，伪装。
如：an old idea in a new guise 老观念新面貌（新瓶装旧酒）
in the guise of 打扮成„„的样子。
如：the king in the guise of a beggar 装扮成乞丐的国王
under the guise of 以„„为借口。
如：under the guise of friendship 以友谊为幌子
31.It dawned on us rather suddenly that „„
dawn on ： begin to be known，or realized 常用先行词it，表示“明白过来”。
如：It has slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我慢慢明白，当我们碰到麻烦的时候，他是不会伸出援手的。
英语自考网www.absee.net以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕业!
第二篇：高级英语复习
Death of a pig
1.It is tragedy enacted on most farms with perfect fidelity to the original script.The murder, being premeditated, is in the first degree but is quick and skillful, and the smoked bacon and ham provide a ceremonial ending whose fitness is seldom questioned.2.A pig couldn’t ask for anything better-or none has, at any rate.3.…and when a pig(or a child)refuses supper a chill wave of fear runs through any household, or ice-household.4.you could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting the grass along the fence as he wobbled and stumbled about, his stethoscope dangling-a happy quack, writing his villainous prescriptions and grinning his corrosive grin.5.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness was complete, and he managed to squeeze his enormous body between the two lowest rails of the yard and then assumed full charge of the irrigation.6.…ours was a businesslike procession, with Fred, the dishonorable pallbearer, staggering along in the rear, his preserve bereavement showing in every seam in his face;and the post-mortem performed handily and swiftly right at the edge of the grave, so that the inwards that had caused the pig’s death precede him into the ground and he lay at last resting squarely on the cause of his undoing.7...and the premature expiration of a pig is, I soon discovered, a departure which the community marks solemnly on its calendar, a sorrow in which it feels fully involved.8.I have written this account in penitence and in grief, as a man who failed to raise his pig, and to explain my deviation from the classic course of so many raised pigs.9.The graves in the woods is unmarked, but Fred can direst the mourner to it unerringly and with immense good will, and I know he and I shall often revisit it, singly and together, in seasons of reflection and despair, on flagless memorial days of our own choosing.翻译
10.He stood his ground, sucking slightly at the residue of oil;a few drops leaked out of his lips while his wicked eyes, shaded by their coy little lashes, turned on me in his disgust and hatred.它站稳身子，轻轻最了最残留的蓖麻油：有几滴蓖麻油从它唇上滴下来，它狡黠的双眼转向我，在纤细的睫毛遮挡下，充满了厌恶与怨恨。
11.we had been having an unreasonable spell of weather –hot, close days, with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in mid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then suddenly blowing across the field, blotting out theworld and taking possession of houses, men, and animals.一段时间以来，气候始终很怪异—白天又闷又热，夜晚雾气沉沉，中午前后有几个小时雾气散开，随后又随夜幕潜入，它先是浮动在树梢上，募地就吹向原野，笼罩世界，吞噬了房舍，人和畜生。
12.with very small, timid pigs, weanlings, this ruse is often quite successful and will encourage them to eat;but with a large, sick pig the ruse is senseless and the sound I made must have made him feel, if anything, more miserable.这个把戏，对那些羞怯的小猪，刚断奶的幼崽很管用，往往就能鼓动它们进食，但对一头病中的大猪，却毫无意义。我的啧啧声，如果还有作用，怕也只是让它觉得更加悲惨。
13.from the lustiness of a healthy pig man derives a feeling of personal lustiness;the stuff that goes into the trough and is received with such enthusiasm is am earnest of some later feast of his own, and when this suddenly comes to an end and the food lies stale and untouched, souring in the sun, the pig’s imbalance becomes the man’s, vicariously, and life seems insecure, displaced, transitory.健康的猪精神气儿十足，人能从中感觉到自己的健旺，倒入食槽的饲料给它开心地吃干净，预示着自己今后的盛宴也有了着落，一旦这一切突然停滞，饲料放在那里变了味儿，原封不动地在太阳下馊掉，猪的失调就转换成了人的失调，生活似乎从此变得捉摸不定，紊乱无着，让人难以把握。
14.The pig’s lot and mine were inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;the task of trying to deliver him from his misery became a strong obsession.His suffering soon became the embodiment of all earthly wretchedness.现在这头猪的命运与我的命运紧紧地联系在一起，就像胶皮管与胶带纠缠在一起。从这一刻开始直到它死，我心中再也抛不开它，我魔怔了一般，只想如何来解除它的痛苦。它的不幸很快成了世界一切苦难的象征。
15.The awakening had been violent and I minded it all the more because I knew that what could be true of my pig could be true also of the rest of my tidy world.I tried to put this distasteful idea from me, but it kept recurring.此番觉醒来势迅猛，想到发生在猪身上的事，同样也会发生在我那本来有条有理的小天地的其他地方，更令我难以释怀。我努力打消这种讨厌的想法，但它去而复来。
16.…all of us working in darkness and in comfort, working with the instinctive
teamwork induced by emergency conditions, the pig unprotesting, the house shadowy, protesting, intimate.大家都在暗夜中安祥地忙碌，突发事件激发了我们本能的协作精神，猪不吵不闹，房舍隐在朦胧中，警醒而又亲切。
17.everything about this last scene seemed overwritten-dismal sky, the shabby
woods, the imminence of rain, the worm(legendary bedfellow of the dead), the apple(conventional garnish of a pig)
这最后一幕的每件事。似乎都给人写滥了—灰暗的天空，荒凉的丛林，迫近的阴雨，蚯蚓（传说中与尸体作伴的），苹果（烤猪是常用作点缀的）
Inaugural Address
1.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human
poverty and all forms of human life.2.… unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights…
3.to those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the
bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves…
4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.5.and let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master
of its own house.6.…before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all
humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.7.…yet both racing to alter the uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of
mankind’s final war.8.…civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9.let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors
10.…each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its
national loyalty.翻译
11.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of
freedom-symbolizing an end as well as beginning-signifying renewal as well as change.12.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided ,there is little we can do-for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and
split asunder.13.…one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.14.…and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.15...we renew our pledge of support-to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective-to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak-and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.16.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.17.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.我们不会由于恐惧而去谈判：但是我们永远不畏惧谈判。
18.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion.如果小小的一点合作能驱散深深的猜疑。
19.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success and failure of our course.同胞们，我们事业的最终成败不是掌握在我的手中，而是掌握在你们手中。
20.Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.不要问你的国家能为你做什么-首先要问你能为你的国家做什么
A Rose for Emily
1.But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood;
2.Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity.3.”just-as if a man-any man-could keep a kitchen properly,” the ladies said…
What the ladies said meant that they did not in the least believe a man, any man, could keep a kitchen properly.It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.The Griersons regarded themselves as very important and the outside world as vulgar and full of people inferior to them.They belonged to two entirely different worlds.However, the complaints about smell served as a link between the two different worlds and compelled Miss Emily to deal with the outside world.The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation
The next day the mayor received two more complaints.One of them was from a man who came and pleaded to the mayor in a shy and timid way.6.People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were.People in the town fell that the Grierson family regarded themselves more important
than they really deserved to be.The fact that Miss Emily’s great-aunt, old lady Wyatt, had gone crazy had to do with this blind, excessive self-importance.7.Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.Ordinary people often become excited or worried when they get a penny more or a penny less.Being poor, now she would learn to appreciate the value of money like other people in the town.8.But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige-without calling it noblesse oblige.9.We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been.10..…and the very old men…confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years.翻译
11.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.=
12.And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.13.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town.埃米莉在世时，一直是传统的化身，履行责任和给予关照的对象，这是全镇人沿袭下来的一种义务…
14.They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow.接待他们的是那个黑人男仆，他们来到阴暗的门厅，厅里的楼梯通往光线更加一男的楼上
15… and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sunray
他们落座时，一股细细的灰尘在大腿周围慢慢扬起，在射进的唯一一缕阳光中，与尘粒一起缓缓地旋转着。
16.Her skeleton was small and spare;perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her.因为她的骨架小，换了别人只是有点富态，而到她身上就显得肥胖了。
17.So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder.18.They had not even been represented at the funeral.19.Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up.20.Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows--she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house--like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which.
第三篇：盗墓笔记讲解
盗墓笔记的故事，大体可以很好的分块。
1.最早发生的事情，是在长沙的镖子岭。
几个解放初期的盗墓贼从战国古墓中盗出了本书的一条主线：战国帛书。这是吴邪爷爷辈的事情，也就是狗五爷年少时候的故事，当时还没有江湖上的排行，当时最有名的一共是九个人，陈皮阿四，狗五，黑背老六等等，其中最末的九是解阿九，也就是解连环的老爸，这是吴邪没提过的。
后面也有所谓的十爷，十一爷，那承认的范围就很小，都是自己或者手下封的，说到外面别人都不知道。
有人说陈皮阿四九十多了，五十年前他也四十了，而当时狗五还不大，算他当时十七岁，年少成名，也得十年，那时候算二十七，如何能排在近五十的陈皮阿四后面，成为狗五？如此排下去，解小九当时不是在穿开裆裤？
这有点无理取闹，有点常识的都知道江湖上排的不是年龄，而是资历和辈分，而且这些都是人家给排的，吴邪爷爷的狗五，排的如此高，可见他当时的手腕和魄力的确是厉害，让人不得不服。
2.第二个故事，同样发生在镖子岭。
那是吴邪三叔夜盗血尸墓截了美国人的胡的那件事情，事情发生在第一个故事发生约二十年到三十年后，这件事情可以说完全是巧合，而三叔也由此知道了当年吴邪爷爷他们第一次下血尸墓，血尸墓底下发生的事情。这一次冒险，三叔上升了经验值若干，得到了一颗奇怪的丹药。这只是一个插曲，但是这件事情，可以说是以后西沙事件的起因了。
3.第三个故事，发生在西沙的外海。
也就是三叔怒海潜沙的故事了，本故事中张起灵的出现形成了本书最大的迷团，这个故事有两个版本，一个三叔的忽悠版本，一个是三叔历尽波劫后坦诚的版本，到底有多少是真实的，现在还不知道，因为在三叔心中，必然还有一个巨大的秘密，而这个秘密从现在看来，似乎和吴邪有关，所以从三叔口中得知西沙完全的事实，似乎并不现实，吴邪只有去找三叔之外的幸存者。
4.第四个故事，发生在山东的七星鲁王宫内。
这是本作的第一个故事，也是吴邪的第一次下地，经历过这一次后吴邪从坚定的无神论者变成了神经病者，参与到这种犯罪活动中实在是好奇心作怪，这个故事中，靠着闷油瓶的力挽狂澜，吴邪们最终逃出了生天，由此之前的三个故事，通过这个故事有机的融合到了一起，战国帛书，西沙海底时间，莫名的丹药，几条线索聚合，整个故事开始极端的扑朔迷离。
5.第五个故事，重新回到了西沙外海。
这一次是吴邪自己再次进入到汪藏海的墓穴，时隔又将近二十年，寻找消失在墓穴中的三叔，此时的三叔，已经从海底得到了天宫的线索，开始了云顶天宫的计划，而吴邪们还像傻瓜一样，进入到了里面，这是一次于汪藏海相隔千年的博弈，最后是王胖子的不拐弯的思维，让吴邪们再次活了下来，在这个故事中，本作中的三股力量终于汇聚到了一起，谜团开始发展，追求真相的吴邪们，有着自己计划的三叔以及前几个故事中阴魂不散的海外力量，在这里第一次面对面的开始了较量。两条主线中，故事顺着汪藏海千年前写好的剧本发展了下去。而另一条暂时中断了。
6.第六个故事，秦岭神树
这是诟病最多的一个故事，编辑们认为最好，最有文学性，读者认为不知所谓的一个故事，这个故事和主线关系不大，只是引出了山底下巨大的青铜古迹，同时也让主角的能力得到了提升，在这个故事中，吴邪独立带领着心怀不轨的童年好友，深入到了秦岭深处，这个故事对于吴邪来说，有时候想想，好比是一个长长的梦，大有不真实的感觉。
7.第七个故事，长白山，永远的云顶天宫。
这是最艰难的探险，也是吴邪写的最痛苦的一篇，各路人马带着各自的谜团走上死亡之路，漫天的白雪，狭窄雪域中的痛苦跋涉，在雪域中，吴邪们找到了一千年前汪藏海试图留给后人的终极秘密，然而，这个秘密在地底巨大的青铜门之前，戛然而止，深入到地底巨门中的张起灵，似乎是唯一一个最贴近这个秘密的人。汪藏海的主线到了这里停止了，铁面生的主线重新开始。
8.第八个故事，就是蛇沼鬼城。
由线索拼接成的另外两个故事，贯彻了整个故事，第一个是汪藏海的传奇，吴邪整理出来之后，发现是绝好小说题材，用古龙的风格来写，必然是一本奇书，吴邪有生之年一定要把它写出来。
第二个是现在开始慢慢成型的，铁面生的故事。
现在你可以清晰的看到了故事的原点，山中的巨大青铜神迹和蛇沼鬼城背后的秘密，而历史上，有两个超越时代的人，窥得了这个秘密，一个就是战国时代铁面生，一个就是明初的汪藏海，从现有的资料来看，吴邪们并不知道他们之间有没有直接的联系，但是可以看到的是，铁面生必然应该有更加丰富的资料，毕竟，他的时代离神话时代，十分的靠近，而从他们的墓穴中都有那种丹药来判断，两个人应该是共同的地方。
最起码，两个人都将自己的经历使用某种方式流传了下来——战国帛书和蛇眉铜鱼。而吴邪们正是追寻着这两个线索，逐渐揭开了这扑朔迷离的面纱。
在这个故事里，吴邪一行人来到塔木托寻找西王母城。在这里最麻烦的不是血尸或者机关，而是热带雨林中的蛇。生活在这里的鸡冠蛇能够模仿人类说话，吴邪胖子不仅吃了大亏，连闷油瓶都被蛇咬了。
在第八卷的结尾，吴邪与三叔重遇，得到了文锦留下的另一盘录像带。录像带中传来的号角声是闷油瓶进入青铜门时的吴邪所听到的。
在这之后，吴邪遇到了文锦。文锦告诉他，其实三叔在西沙就已经死了，活下来的人是解连环。一直在他身边的人是解连环而非三叔。吴邪在废弃疗养院看到的那个怪物其实是尸化得霍玲，并且文锦也会慢慢变成那个样子。
文锦莫明消失在天石的洞孔之中，闷油瓶也不知为何受了刺激而导致失忆。
第四篇：高级商务礼仪 笔记
《高级商务礼仪》笔记
礼仪就是人们在社会交往活动中应共同遵守的行为规范和准则。从个人修养的角度来看，礼仪可以说是一个人内在修养和素质的外在表现。从交际的角度来看，礼仪可以说是人际交往中适用的一种艺术，一种交际方式或方法也是人际交往中约定俗成的示人以尊重、友好的习惯做法。从传播的角度来看，礼仪可以说是在人际交往中进行相互沟通的技巧。
第一部分 社交中的基本礼仪
社会每一个动感元素都由沟通产生化学反应。沟通产生一切，一切都沟通开始！
接人待客，是商务沟通中最基本也是必须做到的事情。故事“坐，请坐，请上坐；茶，上茶，上好茶。”就是一个典型的为人待客典范。所以，贵客来访需要注意的事情基本有三样，那就是“客人来了吃什么?其中聊什么？走时送什么？”通过这一系列的问题，我们可以很清楚的知道，人际交往其实就是满足对方的需要。
案例分析1：你要去参加一位四十岁老板公司的周年聚会，需穿灰色西装，白衬衫„问：你应该打什么颜色的领带？
答案是：紫红色。因为紫红色代表吉庆，祝贺的意思。
案例分析2：如果你是专职司机，陪同老板聚餐，你该穿什么颜色的衣服？如果你是员工呢？或者比老板低一个职位的领导呢？
答案是：衣服和领带同颜色的着装，以表对老板的尊重和不抢老板的风头的意思。以上二个案例可以得出结论，商务礼仪的着装是公司形象以及个人形象的重要标识。商务着装规划化也是对自己和他人的尊敬。
案例分析3：为何在外人面前不用方言土语？
答：用方言会产生语言理解误差。所以在商务礼仪交谈中，基本都是国际交流语。案例分析4：最基本的餐桌礼仪是什么？
答：1.不吸烟；2.不剔牙；3.让菜不夹菜；4.助酒不劝酒；5.注意仪表；6.吃东西不能发出声音；此案例说明，教养体现细节，细节成就成功或失败。
案例分析5：喝红酒的禁忌
答：不能添加任何东西。
案例分析6：在工作岗位上怎样礼貌待客？
答：三“S” 1.stand起身接待 2.see注视对方3.smile微笑待人。
本章小结
讲礼仪就是讲规矩，讲规矩就是为了沟通，有道德才能高尚，有教养才能文明，讲规则才能沟通。
第二部分 礼仪的作用
1，礼乃形式美
案例分析1：女性穿袜子的讲究。问：夏天，女性穿露趾凉鞋穿不穿袜子？
答：不穿。露趾凉鞋本来就是为了凉快，所以不用穿袜子。
2，礼亦内在美
礼的外在显示：讲究规则；礼的实际内涵：展示教养
案例分析2：
问：为什么公共场合不吸烟？
问：为什么反对高声喧哗？
问：为什么不在大庭广众前接打手机？
问：为什么要有“待客三声”？
答：公共场合吸烟影响他人；反对高声喧哗是指怕影响到其他人的休息；大庭广众接打电话会干扰其他人；待客三声指“来有迎声问有答声去有送声
”
第三部分 礼仪的基本要求
1，尊重为本
案例分析1：问：打电话时，谁先挂？
答：身份高的人先挂；
2，善于表达
要把对别人的尊重表达出来；要有表达的意识，要把自己推销出来。
3，礼仪是沟通的技巧
案例分析1：问：老外请女士吃西餐，最不能点什么？
答：不能点任何带有甜味的饮料。
案例分析2：问：如何赞美别人
答：对事不对人。
案例分析3：问：外国人接受礼品时的表现？
答：当面打开并赞美。
重点案例分析4：问：如何举行正式宴请？
答：1，不搞多边宴请；（主角只有一个）
如果主角不止一个怎么办？（自助餐）
2，不能少掉菜单；（没有菜单叫便餐）
让客人了解到你的诚意
3，花钱越多越正式；
4，让客人了解革命发展的具体过程；（吃法可以寻找彼此的共同点）
第四部分 有效沟通的实现
1.杜威法则
交际之要素1，意图（想法）
2，手段（怎么干）
3，结果（结果说明一切）
卡西尔法则
每个人都犯常识性错误：就是把自己的圈子当作世界，把自己的习惯当作标准。
2.问：如何实现沟通？
答：交往以对方为中心；
聊对方感兴趣的问题；
对方所善谈或擅长的事。
交际的最高水平就是为别人创造表现的机会。
案例分析1
问：腰带上的讲究？
答：男士不得挂任何物件；
问：穿凉鞋的讲究？
答：穿露趾凉鞋本来就是为了凉快，所以不穿丝袜；
问：无人驾驶电梯的出入顺序？
答：陪同人员，先进后出。
3.换位思考
案例分析
1问：待客时的“开放式”问题；
2问：待客时的“封闭式”问题；问：为什么要问“你不吃什么？”
答：1，不要问你想去哪里？你想吃什么？你想怎么做？
2，要问选择性问题；
3，必须问一句，你不吃什么？以便餐饮中喷到对方不能吃的菜
4.梅奥法则：与人合作的能力是第一能力关系就是力量（公共关系 关系未来）什么叫与人合作的能力？<与人合作的能力就是我们适应环境的能力有效沟通的能力>
5.规范礼仪的操作不能在他人背后议论领导或者同事不能怨天尤人（不在别人面前发牢骚）如果待客外出游玩，最不能问：“你来过xx地方吗？”
切记，不要对有知识和有身份的人进行常识性扫盲。
6.商务人员的着装要求
什么是正装？正装就是有领有秀的衣服
上衣的规范？有领有秀
下衣的规范？不要过于短小暴露
7.职场着装六不准：
1.过分鲜艳过分暴露过分透视过分短小紧身装
8.商务交谈六不谈：不说国家的坏话；不涉及国家秘密和行业秘密；不议论领导、同行、同事；不谈格调不高的问题；不谈隐私问题；
9.商务交往的特例:
“五不问”不问收入不问家住地区不问岁数不问婚姻家庭不问健康
10.商务应酬会面的礼节
自我介绍的几个要素
① 先递名片再说话；
② 长话短说；
③ 四个关键要素：单位、职务、姓名、部门;
④ 公司名字如果很长的话，第一次说全称，之后再简化。2 交换名片
怎样索取名片？
把自己的名片递给对方
如何接受名片？
① 有来有往，回敬对方
② 接过名片一定要看
没有名片怎么办？
① 名片用完了
② 名片下次补给你握手的常规
谁先伸出手？
地位高的人先伸手
☆ 客人来访：主人先伸手
☆ 客人走：客人先伸手
握手五忌：
1三心二意
2用力
3不戴墨镜
4握手不用左手
5跟异性见面不用双手
4.会客位次的几种形式
自由式<随便坐>
主席式<上下级关系>
并列式<表尊重和交友>
相对式<面对面>
5.汽车的位次
吉普车的位次
上座：副驾驶
轿车的位次
上座：要看谁开车。
如果是主人开车，上座是副驾驶
如果是专职司机，是副驾驶后面
6.商务礼品
礼品是交往的润滑剂。
选择礼品几个需要注意的地方：
① 纪念性----能让对方记住你
② 独特性----与众不同
③ 对象性----如果比较洋气的人，就送土一点礼品；
④ 便携性----容易携带
7.宴会五M法则
① money(费用)
钱多钱少是体现对他的一种态度② meeting(会见)
要把陪坐的人提前告诉主角③ medium(环境)
商务交往主要是吃环境④ manner(举止)
menu(菜单)
① 正式的宴会必须有菜单②用封闭式提问
③上菜前主动询问主角不能吃什么
8.自助餐的吃法
少吃多取
商务礼仪小结
1讲交际
2讲规则
3讲教养
4讲沟通
5讲形象
6讲心态
第五篇：高级口译笔记
高级口译笔记——礼仪祝词(Ceremonial Speech)开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony 开幕词 opening speech/address 致开幕词 make an opening speech 友好访问 goodwill visit
阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 贵宾 distinguished guest 尊敬的市长先生 Respected Mr.Mayor 远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific 东道国 host country 宣布„„开幕 declare„„open 值此之际 on the occasion of 借此机会 take this opportunity to 以„„名义 in the name of 本着„„精神 in the spirit of
代表 on the behalf of 由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀请 official invitation 回顾过去 look back on 展望未来 look ahead/look into the future 最后 in closing 圆满成功 a complete success 提议祝酒 propose a toast 亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region 建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between 互访 exchange of visit 外交政策 foreign policy 一贯奉行 in persistent pursuit of 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 双边关系 bilateral relations 持久和平lasting peace 贸易额 trade volume 商业界 business community 跨国公司 transnational corporation 经济强国/经济大国/经济列强（视具体情况翻译）economic power 1.我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真诚的谢意。
On the behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.2.现在，我愉快地宣布第二十二届万国邮政联盟大会开幕。Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congress open.3.我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合王国的代表团表示热烈的欢迎。
I have the honor to express this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.4.我谨向各位表示最热烈的欢迎。I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you.5.我预祝大会圆满成功！I wish the conference a complete success!
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想
Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought 新民主主义革命 new-democratic revolution
民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people
经济体制改革和政治体制改革 reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度 socialist system
社会变革 social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业 the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领
The basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党 Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体
The collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(secondthird)generation 人民民主专政 the people's democratic dictatorship
国民经济体系 national economic system 综合国力 aggregate national strength 国内生产总值 the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力 strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
“Three Represent's” shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature.党的理论、路线、纲领、方针、政策 Party's theory, line, program, principles and policies, 工人阶级的先锋队 the vanguard of the working class 生产力、生产关系、经济基础、上层建筑 productive force, relation of production, economic base, superstructure constitute 科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive force 社会主义物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilizations of socialism 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民
citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline
自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新意识
self-reliance, competition, efficiency, democracy, the legal system, and the pioneering and innovative spirit
科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education 倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想
Advocate patriotism, collectivism and socialism, combat and resist money worship, hedonism, ultra-egoism decadent ideas
先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 be concern about the country and the people before anything else 全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民
serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people 解放思想、实事求是emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts 主观主义、形而上学 subjectivism, metaphysics 民主集中制、党内民主 democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy 集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定
Collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting 政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定因素 cardres are a decisive factor, once a political line is decided 党管干部的原则 the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cardres' affairs 公开、平等、竞争、择优 open, fair, competition, basis of merits 公开选拔、竞争上岗
the supervision of appointment and promotion of officials, and the method for official performance assessment 自重、自省、自警、自励 self-discipline, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation 以权谋私、贪赃枉法、腐败分子 to abuse power for personal gains, take bribes or bend the law, corrupt elements 小康社会、小康生活 well-to-do society, well-to-do life 四项基本原则 Four Cardinal Principles 社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of socialism “政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力
gualified politically and competent militarily and that have a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support 台独 taiwan's ”independence" 世界多极化、经济全球化 world multi-polarization and economic globalization 独立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内部事务
Independence, completely equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs cooperation 开放攻坚，改革跟进，稳定保障，加快发展
open and storm fortification, reform and follow-up, stable and secure, speed up development 工作策略 the working tactics 以企业为中心的工业化核心战略
the strategy at the core of industrialization around enterprises(take the enterprises as the center)
汉英口译分类词汇（05）--环境保护词汇
21世纪议程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes 环境千年—行动起来吧！（2000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!为了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED 联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor
联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21 中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中国环保基本方针 China’s guiding principles for environmental protection 坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者负担的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy 强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策 policy of “One Order, Two Goals”: “一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;“双达标”： 1.到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects
提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time
中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed 控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification 气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control
工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants 氰化物、砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged 铅、镉、六价铬 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator 防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 农药残留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization
保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国 turn the country green 全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees
降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation
开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve 野生动植物 wild fauna and flora 保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife
珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生态系统 natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment 三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture 美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 环境恶化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture 贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty 大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system 空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and Tran boundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles 工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged 烟尘排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles 电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烃 CFCs 温室效应 greenhouse effect 厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分贝 db;decibel）
化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant 红潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae
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