研一英语考试翻译

第一篇：研一英语考试翻译

1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。

2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的 1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植 6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。

3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?

4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了 60 亿。联合国预测，到 2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自 1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后 50年减少一半。

5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有 4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达 1亿的儿童缺乏维生素 A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。

6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有 β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素 A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。

7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉 4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的 7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。

8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。

9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高 25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。

10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过 10 亿人口每天靠不到 1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。

11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。

12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私营生物技术公司进行的。对发展中国家的穷苦农民来说，这些公司的产品通常显得过于昂贵，而且这些产品中的大部分甚至无法到达最需要的地区。强大的经济刺激促使生物技术公司把富裕国家的市场作为第一目标，以便能够尽快回收产品开发的高额成本。不过，有些公司已开始对贫穷国家的需要做出反应。例如，一家总部在伦敦的公司已经宣布，它愿意和发展中国家一起分享生产维生素增强型的“金水稻”所需的技术。

二、号召气候文化变革

1.在应对气候变化这场斗争中，人类需要做的不仅仅是改用节能灯泡和购买“绿色环保”商品。正如环境科学家大卫·奥尔在其题为《坚持到底》的书中所指出的那样，我们所需要的是一个改变我们优先考虑的事的一个彻底的文化变革。问题是那个看起来不可能完成的任务是否能够实现。奥尔的书，加之最近的研究和积极的社会行动给了我们希望。2.科学界正逐渐达成一个共识：人类正在迅速走向一个全球性的气候灾难。尽管针对我们所面临的危险和代价的认识越来越多，我们能够防止灾难发生的时间却所剩无几。奥尔注意到了形势的严峻，但是并没有沉溺于绝望和失败情绪之中。奥尔的书清晰地表明我们需要做出哪些改变。3.书中，奥尔描述了三种类别的在难度上递增的变化。他所列举的第一类变化，也是最容易实现的，是重新设计用来生产食品、能量、水和其它商品的基础设施，以使这些基础设施依靠可再生资源运转。第二类变化是全面修订教育体系以提高人们的生态意识和促进富有创造力的、切实可行的问题解决能力。第三类变化是改革我们的政治体系，使其从当前的公司富豪统治（所谓的民主）变为由真正领导者领导的真正意义上的民主体制。4.如奥尔所说，我们生活“在各种失败了的‘主义’的废墟之中。共产主义和资本主义贯彻的都是“不惜一切代价求增长”的政策，而这些政策都没有充分说明自然资本和社会资本资产的价值，这些资本资产包括诸如稳定的气候、正常运转的生态系统和成功的人类社区。我们需要一种超越古今的解决办法，以便构想出一套完全不同的社会经济目标。奥尔建议制定三种“目前看起来完全不可能实现的”目标。首先，奥尔主张改变我们需要优先考虑的事，即从经济增长转变为能够真正改善每个人生活质量的发展。第二，消费文化应该集中在必需品，而不是需求品上。第三，也是最难实现的，我们应该唤起人们的“同情心和智慧以便公平地分配财富、机会和风险”。5.这些目标和用来实现这些目标的政策长久以来都是被列在社会和政治议程之内的。问题是为什么事情并未发生改变？我们如何才能使这些事情发生改变呢？奥尔机智地处理了这个问题，他指出人类的本性是灵活的，迅速的文化变革曾经发生过。比如，在二战后的美国，文化发生了改变，以允许新的社会和税收政策发挥其应有的作用，这些政策后来制造了美国的中产阶级。前苏联的解体是由于社会问题的缓慢积聚，直至达到了翻动点。由此可见，迟早有一天，那些以提高生活质量、追求公正和富足为目标的人开始胜过那些世界观锁定在不惜一切代价求增长的人。6.这样的态度正处于上升趋势，这一论断的证据部分来自于社会学家保罗·H·雷和心理学家谢利·鲁思·安德森的著述，他们对过去40年美国的世界观进行了调查和分类。他们在题为《文化创新者》（该书2000年由Crown出版公司出版）的一书中将美国人口分为三大类：“传统派”，“现代派”和“文化创新派”。“传统派”包括宗教右翼和其他喜欢重提过去的人；“现代派”指的是当前占主导地位的群体，包括“不惜一切代价求增长”类型的人；“文化创新派”包括那些持有奥尔所倡导的价值观和目标的人。到2000年为止，在美国，文化创新者的比例从20世纪60年代的几乎为零增长到25%，现在，据估计，文化创新者的比例已接近30%。当这个比例达到足以开始彻底改变美国国家的，乃至世界的政治动态时，一个新的政治翻动点就会出现。7.就像奥尔所指出的那样，各种各样积极的社会行动正在推动我们朝着文化变革的方向发展。这些行动包括英国托特尼斯“转变网络”这一慈善机构率先发起的“转变小镇”运动，该运动旨在帮助社区减少碳排放；基于加拿大温哥华的“可持续发展城市”行动，该行动支持全世界范围内的城市可持续性发展项目；还有奥尔自己旨在在美国俄亥俄州奥柏林市规划和建设可持续性发展的建筑物的行动。8.其它文化变革的指标包括保罗·霍肯在其2007年题为《幸福的动荡》（Viking出版公司出版）中所描述的成千上万个致力于恢复环境和促进社会公正的组织。2008年设立的一个法国政府委员会是诸多旨在说明GDP作为社会进步衡量标准的局限性的努力之一。这些例子均是针对为建造可持续发展的和美好的未来提供切实可行的解决办法而进行的全球性对话增多的证据。一个名为《解决办法》的期刊（我是该期刊的主编，奥尔和霍肯是副主编）很快就要问世了，以提供更广阔的进行这方面问题讨论的平台。9.这一切都表明一个全球性的文化变革正在进行中。这种变革，如奥尔在书中所得出的结论指出的那样，“已发展为一个全世界范围内的运动，这个运动拒绝接受人类注定要以一个大爆炸或在一个烧焦的、荒芜的地球上抽泣来结束我们的实验这一说法”。我们还有出路，但是机不可失，时不再来。但愿奥尔的书能够及时帮助我们实现这一必要的文化变革。

三、雄心勃勃的维基百科

1.互联网上从来就不乏疯狂透顶、野心勃勃的主意。这些主意大多没跑出将它们炮制出来的酒吧就自生自灭了。有些主意红火一时，但很快就栽了跟头。还有一些虽然坚持了下来，但是虎头蛇尾，无足轻重。然而，偶有不动声色者却能顺利过关。

2.成功者凤毛麟角，维基百科便是其中之一。就连其创始人38岁的科技企业家吉米﹒威尔士都承认，创办该网站本是个“疯狂透顶的想法”：维基百科是一个免费的、自由在线百科全书网站，任何人都可以添加内容并进行编辑。它没有编辑，没有校对大军，也没有专人检查内容是否属实；事实上，这里没有一位全职人员。换句话说，传统百科全书的概念和它风马牛不相及。

3.说它玩不转的理由有很多，说它尽善尽美也差得远，但是在不到四年的时间里，它的词条已经突破了100万大关，这些词条由阿尔巴尼亚语到祖鲁语的100种语言写成。

4.对维基百科迷来说，它是一个极好的研究资源---尽管用起来尚须谨慎为上；它还是在互联网上通过协作与合作而取得成果的楷模，其成功令人难以置信。诋毁它的人大多来自传统百科全书界和图书管理学界。对他们来说，它几乎不配“百科全书”这个称谓。

5.我们不妨引用数字来说明维基百科的成就。在庆祝不到4年时间里第100万个词条发布之际，正值《牛津国家传记词典》最新版发行。该词典历时12年才编纂完成，但是它所收入的传记只有寥寥5.5万条，而花费却高达2500万英镑。到目前为止，维基百科还是威尔士一人资助的，但目前的总支出依然是大约30万英镑。

6.新版《大英百科全书》正文有4400万字。而维基百科的总词量已经超过2.5亿了。最新版《大英百科全书》的印刷版收入了6.5万词条，在线版有7.5万个。而维基百科英文网站所收入的词条已有大约36万之多了，而且新的词条与日俱增。

7.但是，如果质量不好，数量再多也没有用。这正是争议的起因。

8.图书管理员兼互联网顾问菲利浦﹒布拉德认为：“从理论上讲，这是个不错的想法，但实际上，我是不会用它的；我觉得任何图书管理员都不会使用这个网站。主要问题在于它缺乏权威性。对于印刷出版物来说，出版商必须要保证其数据的可靠性，因为这关系到他们的饭碗问题。但是像维基百科这样的东西，过一阵就完了。”

9.威尔士是这样回应的，他承认维基百科模式所带来的结果决不会没有错误（他们已经在网站上阐明了这一点），但是他还提到了本月出版的一家德国科技杂志上的一篇文章，这篇文章将维基百科与两部老牌传统数字百科全书Brockhaus与微软的 Encarta 进行了比较。文章对三种百科全书在广度、深度及内容的易理解程度、搜索难易度和多媒体内容的质量进行了测评。维基百科轻松胜出。

10.丹﹒格尔默---硅谷的评论员和《我们媒体》的作者，是很多自由迷当中的一员：“我不认为每个人都说维基百科是传统百科全书的绝对替代品。但是就我所了解的题目而言，我发现维基百科和我找到的任何资料一样精确。”

11.事实上，维基百科正在不断发展壮大。现在每天大约会有3000新词条加入进去（其中大约700到800条是英语词条）；随着网站规模的扩大，在网站上对此条进行编辑的次数也与日俱增。今年9月，每篇文章平均有11次被编辑。有关以巴冲突的词条今年一年就被编辑了250多次。

12.事实上维基百科揭示了百科全书中通常鲜为人知的一面：即隐藏在每个词条背后数不清的决定。维基百科与其他百科全书唯一的不同之处是，维基百科的决策过程无休无止，起码可以说，争论往往十分激烈。

13.威尔士称，在他的百科全书里，词条“就如同香肠一样：你可能会喜欢它的味道，但未必想去看看它的制作过程。”

14.它可能还有点像无政府状态。而且，鉴于它缺乏中央控管，严格说来，它确实处于无政府状态。然而，使之行之有效的因素有三：

15.第一是其所有权，以及没有商业需求的压力。该网站是由志愿者来操控的，现在归一个基金会所有，这说明人们自愿为这一事业付出时间及知识财产。它设法将每年的运作费用控制在10万美元以下。

16.第二是首要的编辑原则，即所有文章均应体现一个“中立观点”。据威尔士称，这既是一条编辑方针，也是“让人们合作共事的一项社会技能”。

17.第三（这可能也是最关键的一条）是它形成了一个异常错综复杂而又民主的社会工作秩序，使得这个庞大而杂乱的项目有章可循。

18.为“维基百科”公告或者编辑文章的“维基百科人”有数十万之多。但是据威尔士称，其核心团队大约只有200人，这些人目前都相互很熟悉。在这个核心内圈之外还有一个约2000人的核心队伍，在上个月他们每人都有100次以上的编辑。在这个核心之外，还有大约1万人，他们每人至少会进行5次编辑。他们当中有行政人员、政府官员、管理人员、开发人员等等，他们各有不同的技术等级和管理权限，19.整个体系在网页上一目了然。编辑方针及策略都张贴在网页上，以供人们进行讨论和投票。虽然维基百科的内容会自动而无序地增加，但维基百科的社会构成，如果不经核心团队应允，不会发生变化。

20.在成功面前，威尔士和他的志愿者团队并没有满于现状，不思进取。他正在进行协商，想把维基百科的一部分内容印刷并在非洲发放，以此作为实现“将免费的百科全书送到每个地球人手中”这一远大抱负的一步。疯狂透顶吗？野心勃勃吗？绝对是。但是看看他们在过去3年半中的斐然业绩，如果你打赌说他们不会成功，那你可能也同样发疯了。

八．Music and the Brain 八．

1、音乐环绕在我们周围，这是音乐唯一的方式。振奋人心的管弦乐的高潮部分会使我们热泪盈眶，精神振奋；背景音乐的推进增加了电影和电视剧的情感色彩；球类比赛中风琴演奏使我们共同起立欢呼；父母的轻唱使婴儿得到安抚。

2、我们对音乐的喜好根深蒂固：自从文化诞生之日起，我们就开始创造音乐。3万年以前，早起人类就已经吹骨笛、使用打击乐器、吹单簧口琴——世界上所有已知社会都有音乐。的确，我们欣赏音乐的能力似乎是与生俱来的。两个月大的婴儿就会对美妙和谐的声音表现出青睐，而对刺耳的声音则会表现出厌恶。当交响乐的终结曲目给我们带来美妙的快感是，大脑中的快感中枢就会兴奋起来，这种感觉就像我们吃了巧克力或者喝了可卡因一样。

3、这其中存在着一个有趣的生物之谜：为什么音乐——这一广受人们喜爱并以其独特的魅力牵动人的情感的事物——如此盛行，又对我们如此重要？他的出现是否在某种程度上有助于人类的生存，比如像墨西哥大学的杰弗里F米勒所提出的，它能促进择偶？或者，借用哈佛大学的史蒂芬品克的话，音乐仅仅是“听力奶油蛋糕”，也就是说，它是进化中的偶然事件，不经意却满足了人类的幻想

4、为什么音乐如此盛行，又对我们如此重要。对于这个问题，神经科学家尚未得出最终答案。但是近几年来我们对于音乐在大脑中何处以何种方式进行加工的这一问题已经开始有了越来越深入的理解。这应当能够为我们回答进化问题打下一定的基础。出乎人们的意料，对脑损伤病人的研究和对健康个体的图像共同揭示了大脑中不存在专门加工音乐的中枢。音乐占用了遍布大脑各处的多个区域，包括那些一般情况下处理其他认知活动的区域。对音乐起作用的区域因个人的经历和所受的训练而异，在人类感觉器官中，耳朵具有的感觉细胞最少，只有3500个内毛细胞，而眼睛则拥有1亿个感光器。但是大脑对音乐的反应却相当灵活：甚至仅仅经过一点训练就能改变大脑处理音乐输入信息的方式。

5、现代图像处理技术出现之前，科学家理解大脑内部对音乐的处理主要是依靠研究病人，包括曾经因为外伤、中风或其它疾病而表现出大脑缺陷的著名作曲家。例如，法国作曲家莫里斯·斯拉威尔在1933年开始表现出看似局部脑退化的症状，即由于某些具体区域的大脑组织萎缩而导致的精神紊乱。他的概念性能力仍然完好无损——他仍然能够听到和记住自己以前的作品，并且可以弹奏音节，但是他无法再创作音乐。拉威尔有一次在谈到他所提议的歌剧《圣女贞德》时，向朋友坦白说“„这个歌剧就在这里，在我脑子里，我能听到它，但是我无论如何也不能谱写出来了。一切都完了，我再也创作不了音乐了。”这一案例支持了大脑中或许不具有专门处理音乐区域这一观点。

6、另外一个作曲家的经历进一步表明音乐和语言是独立进行加工的。俄国作曲家维萨里森沙柏林于1953年患中风，丧失了说话和听话的能力。但是在此后10年间，一直到他去世前，他却仍然具有创作音乐的能力。因此，关于音乐和语言各自进行加工的假设似乎是正确的，尽管近期的研究使人们对这个问题的理解更加细化且稍有不同，即音乐和语言有共享的两个特点：其一，两者都是交流方式；其二，音乐和语言都有句法，即约束其基本元素（分别为音符和单词）正确结合的一套规则。圣地亚哥神经学院的奥耐滴D派特认为，图像结果表明额叶的一个区域可以构建音乐和言语的句法，而大脑其他部分处理语言和音乐加工的相关方面工作。

7、图像研究也为我们提供了大脑对音乐做出反应的较为精细的画面。如果我们看一下耳朵一般是如何将声音传递给大脑的，就能看出这些研究结果说明的问题。正如其它感觉系统，听力系统也是分层排列的，从耳朵到听力脑皮层这一最高层包括一系列的神经加工站。对声音，如音调的加工从内耳开始，内耳将由诸如小提琴所发出的声音分成基本组成频率，然后将这一信息以一系列的神经元放电形式沿着听力神经分别调试的纤维进行传递。最终，这些神经元放电到达位于额叶的听力脑皮层。大脑中听力系统的不同细胞对特定频率的敏感性最强；相邻细胞的调谐曲线有重叠之处，因此，不会有漏掉的音符。其实，由于相邻细胞调谐于相似的频率，使得听力脑皮层表面形成了一个‘频率分布图’。

8、然而，音乐本身要更加复杂，音乐包含一系列的音调，听懂音乐意味着要掌握声音之间的关系。大脑很多区域参与了对音乐各组成部分的加工活动。就拿既有频率又有音量的音调来说，研究者曾一度认为对特定频率敏感的细胞当在检测到这一频率时总会以相同的方式做出反应。

9、但是在二十世纪80年代后期，我和托马斯M麦肯纳在加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的实验室对旋律曲线，即构成所有旋律基本元素的升降调模式进行相关实验后，对上述观点提出了质疑。我们用五个同样的音符组成具有不同旋律曲线的曲调，然后记录下来猫听力脑皮层中各个神经元的反应。我们发现细胞做出的反应（即神经元放电）因旋律曲线而异，由特定音调在曲调中的位置而定，当该音调位于曲调中间而非最开始的位置时，细胞会做出最强烈的反应。而且，同样的一个音符，当它位于升调曲线中时和当它位于降调曲线或是更复杂曲线中时，细胞做出的反应也各不相同。这些研究结果表明，曲调模式至关重要：听力系统的加工完全不同于将电话和音响系统中的声音进行简单转化。

10、大脑对音乐的反应还由听众的经历和所受训练而定，只要稍做训练就可以很快改变大脑的反应。例如，约10年前，科学家还认为听力脑皮层中的每一个细胞对固定的音符调谐，但是对旋律曲线的研究使我们对此提出质疑，我们认为细胞调谐可以通过学习而改变，某些细胞可以对那些引发注意力或储存在记忆中的声音表现出特别的敏感性。

11、为了解决上述问题，我和琼S贝克，简麦克爱德森于二十世纪90年代进行一系列实验，以研究当受试者得知某一音调较为重要时，其听力脑皮层的基本结构是否会发生变化。我们试验小组首先给试验小鼠播放了许多不同音调，然后记录下来他们听力脑皮层中的不同细胞做出的反应，从而测定哪些音调能够引起最强烈的反应。然后，我们用发送信号使小鼠的脚轻微跳动的方式告知它们某个不受关注的音调的重要性。几分钟之后，小鼠学会了这种关联性。然后，我们在受训后一直到其两个月内几次测得小鼠对不同音调的反应，发现神经元调谐的喜好已经从原来偏好的音调转为信号强调的音调。因此，学习使大脑变调，从而使更多的细胞对行为上有重要意义的声音做出敏感的反应。

12、总之，到目前为止，研究结果表明音乐具有生物学基础，大脑中存在与音乐相关的功能性结构。虽然研究才刚刚起步，我们似乎仍然可以清楚地看出多个大脑区域参与音乐加工的特定工作，或者辅助音乐感知，或者引发情感反应。这些结果显示学习使大脑重新调谐，既增加了个体细胞的灵敏度，同时也增加了对听众觉得重要的声音做出反应的细胞的数量。随着有关音乐和大脑的研究进一步深入，我们有理由相信我们不仅会加深对音乐和其存在的原因的理解，同时也会了解音乐的多面性。

第二篇：中国石油大学(北京)研一英语考试总结最新版(DOC)

英语作文（考试会从四个题目中选一个）这是其他班老师说的，我们整个年级的试卷一样，所以还是具有一定的可靠性，作文要求120-150字

1.保护野生动物 Protect wild animals

With human beings on Earth since then, we continue to evolve at the same time has been hurt those lovely animals.They did not at fault, they are only in accordance with the laws of nature live in peace.But since the existence of mankind , their homes become increasingly small.Some animals have even become extinct.In the extinction of animal, the thylacine is the worst.Thylacine in a long time ago to live in the vast prairie, they have been very happy, carefree.Since the arrival of human beings have changed their lives.Due to the large number of human enclosure, livestock grass makes less and less change to many herbivores to move to other grasslands.This herbivorous animals to eat the wolf bag, there is no food.They steal human animals.Farmers would hate the wolf from the bag, see a killing one, on this last one wild thylacine was also killed.When people should be aware of extinct thylacine, the protection of the park began last a thylacine, it thylacine only 48 days before the final days.And 48 days later, the Forever thylacine disappeared from the Earth, the Forever!Of course, not all animals are extinct human killing, some changes in the environment are not suited extinction.However, the extinction of some animals, human beings have an unshirkable responsibility.Since ancient times human beings have been cruel to those animals alone, human deprivation of their right to live.Now seems to have been aware of the extinction of an animal hazards.In order to make money, what people are willing to do so, they sell fur animals, shopping malls, the meat of animals sold to restaurants.But we can not shirk all responsibility to the heads of traders, consumers also have the responsibility, if there is no consumer demand then the traders will not take the risk.Human beings are still eating wild animals.For example: the snake.If the extinction of the snakes, rats would wantonly breeding, then how do we......So each has its biological significance of the existence, they are in the natural law of survival.If a broken food chain, then another will wantonly breeding animals, and even a threat to humanity, we bear in mind the protection of animals.The protection of animals is to protect human beings themselves!参考译文： 自从地球上有了人类以后，我们在不断地发展进化的同时也在不断的伤害着那些可爱的动物们.他们没有过错,他们只是根据自然界的法则和平的生活着.可是自从有了人类的存在,他们的家园变的越来越小.有些动物甚至已经灭绝了.在灭绝的动物里，袋狼算是最惨的了。在很久以前袋狼生活在广阔的大草原上，它们过的很快活，无忧无虑。自从人类的到来改变了它们的生活。由于人类的大量圈地，饲养牲畜使得绿草变地越来越少，许多食草动物迁徙到别的草原上。这样以草食性动物为食的袋狼就没有了食物。它们便去偷人类饲养的动物。农场主便痛恨起了袋狼，见一个杀一个，就这样最后一只野生袋狼也被杀死了。当人们意识到袋狼就要灭绝时，才开始保护公园里的最后一只袋狼，这只袋狼才过了最后48天的好日子。而48天后，袋狼永远的从地球上消失了，永远的！当然不是所有灭绝的动物都是人类杀死,有的是不适应环境的变化而灭绝的.但是某些动物的灭绝，人类有着不可推卸的责任。人类自古以来就一直残忍地对待着那些动物们,人类剥夺了它们生活的权利.现在人们似乎还没有意识到一种动物的灭绝的危害。为了赚钱人什么都愿意做，他们把动物的皮毛卖到商场，把动物的肉卖到餐馆。但是我们不能把一切责任都推卸到商贩的头上，消费者也有责任，如果没有消费者的需求那么商贩也不会铤而走险。人类还在吃着野生动物。比如：蛇。如果蛇灭绝了，老鼠会大肆繁殖，到那时候我们该怎么办…… 因此每一种生物都有它存在的意义，它们都在以自然的法则生存。如果生物链的一头断了，那么另一种动物就会大肆繁殖，甚至威胁到人类，大家记住保护动物。保护动物就是保护人类自己！

protect wild animals The animal is the friend of our human beings.We live in the same earth.Animals and human beings can’t be separated from each other.But some animals are getting less and less.So it’s necessary for us to protect animals, especially wild animals.Some people kill wild animal because of money.It’s illegal.Beside, because of the development of society, human needs more space to live in, so we explore the forest.Animals have less space to live in.The number of wild animals decreases year by year.It’s high time to take actions to protect wild animals.动物是人类的朋友，我们共同生活在地球上。动物和人类不能彼此分离。但有些动物的数量越来越少，所以我们有必要去保护动物，特别是野生动物。一小部分人为了赚钱而去猎杀野生动物，这是违法行为。此外，由于社会的发展，人类需要更多的生活空间，所以要开发森林。然而动物的生存空间却变少了。野生动物的数量逐年减少，现在该是采取措施保护野生动物的时候了。

2.婚姻和家庭

Successful marriage Successful marriage is the most effective form of social support.It relieves the effects of stress, and leads to better mental and physical health.Husbands seem to benefit much more from marriage then wives do.Married women are better physical and mental health, and are happier than single women, but these effects are nearly twice as great for men.Various explanations have been considered, but the most plausible is that wives provide more social support than husbands.Perhaps men need it more? They are more exposed to stresses at work, and have worse health and die earlier then women.In addition, when women get married, their way of life is subject to much greater change and this often leads to boring and isolated in the home for which they are ill-prepared.Despite the benefits of marriage women find it stressful and in better shape if they also have jobs, their earnings and status increase their power in the home, and they may also get social support at work.成功的婚姻是最有效的支持社会的方式。它叫以缓解礼会压力的作用，使人身心健康。

丈夫似乎从婚姻中得到的好处比妻子多得多。已婚妇女在身心健康方面都优越于独身妇女，但这种影响在男人身上体现得等于女人的两倍。人们考虑了各种解释，但最合理的解释似乎是妻了比丈夫为社会提供的支持。

也许男人更需要婚姻?他们在工作中面临的压力，身体比女人差，死得也早。此外，女人结婚以后，生活方式发生更大的变化，而这使她们一头扎进她们还没有准备好的、乏味的、封闭的家务活中。尽管结婚有好处，但女人们还是觉得有压力。如果她们也有工作，感觉会好一些。她们的收入和地位使她们在家里的地位大增，同时在工作中她们还可以得到社会的支持。

My views of Matrimony(wedding/marriage)

Matrimony is the important to all people's life, two people need to make a full psychological and material preparations.After all, Matrimony is a new life begin, a lot of things can not be the same as pre-marital free，And then, the choice will congsidering some elements, Marriage is easy, divorce is also easy, you must be discreet, Matrimony means you choose to take care of parents, kids, wife and husband more and more.From now on, you are not only thinking yourself.You have to take on the responsible for this family, in particular, the relation between husband and wife.it will be influence to your family's harmony directly.Some researchers say that, true love may only three years, the family love will remaining so many years, because of this feeling is built up the responsibility and affection.In modern times, many people had less responsibility and more like to enjoy.So, the proportion of divorces increased significantly.Actually both spouses must learn to share the obligations, try to learning the way you treat to your lover, especially in housework...=====================

中文原版：

婚姻是一辈子的事，两个人都需要做好充分的心理准备和物质准备。首先、婚姻生活是一个新生活的开始，很多事情不能像婚前一样自由，而且、在选择问题上也需考虑清楚一些因素，结婚很容易，离婚更容易，一定要慎重考虑，结婚意味着要照顾对父母、孩子、家庭~ 你已经不再为自己生活了。你得对这个家负责，特别是夫妻间的关系，直接影响到自己和家人的幸福。有学者说，所谓爱情真正的只有三年，而亲情却可以持续很多年，因为这是依靠责任和逐步建立起来的。

现代社会，不少人都少了责任，多了享受。所以离婚比例在大幅上升。

所以、夫妻双方必须要学着共同打理义务，试着学会与你伴侣的好的相处方式，尤其在家务事上。。

婚姻的关键是爱Love is the Key Element to Marriage Many people almost cry their eyes out when watching some soap plys throbbed with love themesLove is the key element that leads a couple before the sacred altar of the church。

许多人在看与爱有关的肥皂剧时会哭得稀里哗啦的.因为爱是人们走向教堂圣殿的关键因素。

However, in the past, many people got married without their own consent in China.Their marriage was arranged.Tow persons, a man and a woman, who were entirely strangers, were united in wedlock and became husband and wife.They had known nothing of each other before, and of course, love was a sealed book to both of them.This type of marriage often led to unhappiness.Tragic stories of ill-matched were common enough.然而，在过去，中国的许多人赞同包办婚姻。他们的婚姻都是被安排的。两个人，一男一女，他们完全是陌生人，他们被安排结婚，然后就成为了丈夫和妻子。他们之前是完全不了解对方的，当然，爱对他们来说完全就是天书.这类型的婚姻往往都是不幸福的。这种病态的撮合已经造成了够多的悲剧故事了。Nowadays, it is held by many people that one should not marry without love.A man and a woman may freely make friends with each other.They do not talk of marriage until their friendship has ripened into love.In their marriage, they may take other things into consideration, but they regard love as the most important thing.This type of marriage usually brings happiness.现在，许多人都认为不应该结没有爱的婚姻。一个男人和女人应该按照自己意愿成为朋友。他们不讨论婚姻，直到他们的友情发展成爱情。在他们的婚姻中，他们也会要考虑其他因素，但是他们还是会把爱当成最重要的因素。这类型的婚姻往往都是幸福的。

Moreover, love may be a temporary passion, and those who are in love are often blind to other things, so that what we call love matches do not always result in happiness.Therefore, while love is required before a marriage is arranged, it is not the only thing required.再者，爱有可能是一种暂时的激情，爱人们通常会在这期间非常盲目，所以因爱结合的人也未必是幸福结局的。因此，有爱的婚姻总是比包办婚姻好的，但爱也不是唯一的因素。

3.网络的功能

My View on Computer With the rapid process of modernization, computer becomes more and more popular.Nowadays, almost every family has a computer.Because of computers, our daily life is improving.随着现代化进程的加快，计算机变得越来越受欢迎。如今，几乎每个家庭都有一台电脑。因为电脑的原因，我们的日常生活得到了提高。

Computer has a great effect on our daily life.In the first place, computer has so many functions.As we have computers, we needn't buy books, radios, TVs and any other things, because computer can take place of them.Secondly, surfing on the Internet must be very interesting.Through the Internet, we can do everything we like.Thirdly, thanks to the Internet, we can get the further education at any time, so we don't have to get up so early in winter days.计算机对我们的生活有很大的影响。首先，电脑有很多功能。有电脑，我们不用买书，听收音机，看电视或其他东西，因为计算机能代替他们。其次，在互联网上冲浪一定很有趣。通过互联网，我们可以做我们喜欢的一切。第三，通过互联网，我们可以在任何时候获得进一步的教育，所以我们不用在冬天起那么早床。

However, a coin has two sides, because it's new doesn't mean it's always good.At present, most students spend too much time on computer games.I don't think it's a good phenomenon, because it will do great harm to our eyes as well as our health if we play computer games all the time.然而，事情都具有两面性，因为它是新的但并不总是好的。目前，大多数学生在电脑游戏上花太多时间。我不认为这是个好现象，因为如果我们总是玩电脑游戏的话它会极大地损害我们的眼睛，以及我们的健康。

In my opinion, we should use the computers in the right way.For instance, we can read the latest news on the internet to know the world better;read the e-books to enrich our knowledge or download some useful information for our work.We can also make different friends on the Internet, so that our life will be colorful.I believe computers will be our best friends if we make good use of them.在我看来，我们应该以正确的方式使用电脑。例如，我们可以在互联网上阅读最新的新闻来更好地了解这个世界；阅读电子书来丰富我们的知识或下载一些对我们工作有用的信息。我们还可以在网上交不同的朋友，这样我们的生活才会丰富多彩。我相信如果我们好好利用电脑，它将是我们最好的朋友。

4.雄心的优缺点

Ambition Ambition is a strong desire to propel one to final success in career or other meaningful endeavors.Just like Epstein has artistically put it,“And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed”,ambition renders motivational support for an individual and leads him or her to the real meaning of life.Therefore, I cannot agree more with him in regard to what ambition is and how it functions in one’s life.志向是推动一个人在事业或者其他有意义的事情能够最终成功的强烈意志。就像爱普斯坦说的，“而当我们决定和选择时，我们的生活得以形成”。野心能够激起个人对他们人生真意的探寻动力。因此，关于他说的雄心壮志是什么和对一个人的作用，我非常赞同。

Like the pole star, ambition remains steady and ever bright over one’s life horizon.There is only one secret for success, that is, to go in the direction your goal calls you towards the destination.It is ambition that serves as the guiding principle for a life experience.Without ambition to strive for, we would be justified to remain idle all year round as long as we are fed and keep alive.For instance,a student who dreams of being a political leader appears active in students’ union and extracurricular activities.He works hard, though no one asks him to, at sociology, psychology, law and so on, those sciences highly expected of a politician.It is his ambition that drives him to study hard and take the most advantage of his time at school.So by exercising his ambition at school, he is paving his way for the future.In contrast, poor-performance students are often those without a clear-cut vision for their future.That is why helping students with goal setting are supposed to be a task for all educational practitioners.意志就像北极星一样坚定地照耀在你人生的地平线上。成功的秘诀只有一个，那就是朝着你的目的地的方向前进。雄心壮志是人生阅历的引导准则。没有雄心壮志，我们可能只是整年都空虚地活着，只进食。例如，一个梦想成为政治领袖的学生会积极地参加学生会和课外活动。他努力学习社会学，心理学和法律等等，尽管没人叫他这么做，这都是成为政治家必要的学科。他在学校雄心勃勃，为自己的未来铺路。与之相反，表现差的学生通常都对自己的未来没有清晰地认识。这就是教育家制定目标设定测试的目的。

As a conclusion, ambition more often than not acts as strong motivation and orientation for a person’s ultimate dream.With it or without it, our life will be formed accordingly.So for a more fruitful end of our life in this world, we all should think and rethink about our ambition.总之，雄心壮志是一个人实现最终梦想的强烈动机和定位。有和没有雄心壮志，我们的生活一样继续着。为了我们在这个世界上有个硕果累累的终结，我们应该再三思考我们的抱负。

Leadership: Ambition--Vice or Virtue? A pair of new books on Senator Hillary Clinton, as described by the Washington Post, draw a portrait of a woman who is smart, shrewd and very “methodical.” Both books, one by Carl Bernstein(Her Way)and the other by Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta, Jr.(A Woman in Charge), describe a woman bent on achieving her aims and very ambitious.In other words, she’s a politician.But consider what would a politician be without ambition? Someone standing on the sidelines watching others do the work!Ambition is after all the inner drive that pushes someone to achieve.It is absolutely essential to leadership.Yet so often, as in the case of Mrs.Clinton and most other politicians, ambition is perceived as a negative.Why? Because it is how the politician channels that ambition as in putting the means to end ahead of the end.For example, Huey Long, the crusading governor of Louisiana in the Thirties, wanted to raise the standard of living in his poor state.He did improve the state’s infrastructure(roads, schools, hospitals)through public works, but he achieved his aims through ruthless means and corruption top to bottom.The same might go for corporate executives like the Rigas family that took Adelphia from obscurity to a multi-billion status;they made plenty of money for shareholders, but also robbed those shareholders blindly by, treating the company, as one prosecutor put it, “a personal piggy bank.” Clearly ambition was misplaced for personal gain.Ambition, however, can be force for the good.Here are some ways: Use ambition to capitalize on opportunity.Sometimes opportunity is staring us in the face but we may not recognize it.Ambitious people look at the status quo and see ways to do things differently.It may be to develop a new product, a new process, or a new service.Looking to do things differently can be a force for the good.Entrepreneurs are folks who channel their ambition into looking for new opportunities.Use ambition as a tool for change.Ambition may be the driver that challenges assumptions.Part of a leader’s responsibility is to identify the need for positive change and to usher in that change.It may provoke us to say why are we doing things this way? Asking the questions may stimulate debate and ultimately action that will cause new ideas.Use ambition as tool for personal growth.Ambition is wanting to move to the next step.Fulfilling that dream may require more schooling, more training, and more experience.Ambition can be the spark that pushes you to achieve your dream, often when hard work is involved.Ambition by itself is neither positive nor negative.What you do with the drive, like all human drives, is what matters.As 18th century political theorist, Edmund Burke posited, “Ambition can creep as well as soar.” If ambition causes you to cut corners ethics-wise so much so that you sacrifice integrity and values then ambition can be destructive.Conversely, if you channel your ambition into fulfilling organizational goals that build a stronger and better company and do it in ways that help employees and customers then ambition is a positive.

第三篇：武汉理工大学研一下英语考试翻译和单选总结(精)

研究生英语第二学期翻译和单选 Unit 11 1.幸福不在于拥有金钱,而在于获得成就时的 喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, but in the joy of achievement sand the thrill of creative efforts.2.从 1994年开始,大学学费已经从 1000涨到 了 3500, 以至于许多学生, 尤其是那些来自贫 困区的学生选择从事兼职工作来筹集他们昂 贵的支出。

Starting from September 1994, the college tuition and fees has soared from 1000 to 3500 so that many students, especially those from poverty-stricken areas, choose to do part-time jobs to cope with their expensive expenditure.3.总统所作的决定,经常是他的判断,他对僚 属的信任以及对他们的情绪的关怀的混合体。A Presidential decision is always an amalgam of judgment, confidence in his associates, and concern about their morale.4.风格优雅华丽,曲调流畅委婉,反映出江南 人勤劳朴实、细致含蓄的性格特色。The style is refined, smooth and indirect, expressing the hard-working meticulous and Spartan character of the people who live south of the Yangtze.5.保险业最近受到几项不利的经济因素所困而 前景黯淡。The insurance industry is cursed with a set of dismal economic characteristics that make for a poor long-term outlook.6.良药苦口利于病, 忠言逆耳利于行。Although good medicine cures sickness, it is often unpalatable;likewise, sincere advice given for one ’ s well-being, is often resented.7.由于不断加重的失业焦虑、有史以来最多地 取消房屋抵押赎回权、不断攀升的能源价格, 美国人对经济的信心跌到了新低。Americans ’ confidence in the

economy fell to a new low, dragged down by worries about mounting job losses, record-high home foreclosures and zooming energy prices.8.有趣的是,我发现媒体的规模与声誉和报导 的真实性一点相关都没有。Interestingly, there has been no correlation between the size and prestige of the publication and the accuracy of the report.9.Near-term inflation expectations measured by the survey jumped to the highest since the turmoil following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in late 1990, which caused oil prices to soar sharply.调查表明近期通胀预期已达到最高,这是自 1990年底伊拉克入侵科威特导致石油价格猛 涨至今最高水平。

10.The slowdown could dovetail with Beijing's own aims to moderate the contentious trade surplus and, at the same time, recalibrate growth away from heavy industry in favour of consumption and services.经济减速能与北京缓 和有争议的贸易顺差这一目标相吻合,与此同 时,将重工业的增长调整为消费和服务业的增 长。

11.But China also need to scrutinize all her actions exposed to others because it's the year 2008 and all people are watching this country's all moves waiting for a chance to sting.但是,中 国也要仔细审查她的行动,因为这是 2008年, 所有的人都在观看这个国家的一切举动,想找 机会挑刺。

12.Both developing countries and developed countries have realized the importance of technologies in building more energy-efficient and low-emission industries, however on transferring such technologies, developed nations underline the role of markets, while developing nations urge the combination of roles of markets and governments.发达国家和发展中国家都认 识到技术对建造更多节能减排工业的重要性, 但是就转化利用这些技术而言,发达国家强调 市场作用,然而发展中国家力促市场和政府的 合作。

13.Should we let the economy continue to run on the basis of the insatiable demand of fashion and status driven consumers, whose motivations and criteria of success are

cultivated by the advertisements of companies that need to sell more to survive and thrive? 公司为卖出更多产 品以生存和兴旺,用广告影响了消费都的动机 和成功的标准,使他们永不停歇地追求时尚和

地位,我们能让经济继续这样发展吗? 14.Though they were pampered children at home, they swallowed the misunderstandings and even the insults and tried to adapt themselves to the local culture.尽管在家里是娇宝宝, 他们咽下了 误解和辱骂,尽力融入到当地文化。

Unit 12 1.女权主义运动经历了漫长的道路,它宣称女 人和男人拥有平等权利。在某种意义上现在女 人比男人拥优先权。

Feminist movement has come a long way, which claims that women should have equal rights with men.To some extent, women have more priority to men now.2.由于劳资纠纷,东方航空公司的驾驶员们驾 驶多个航班在飞离机场后,却又中途纷纷选择 返航,日前他们正和航空公司协商待遇问题。Pilots of China Eastern turned back midway on flights to airports they had set off because of a labor dispute, and now they are negotiating with the carrier over treatment and pay.3.中国政府认为因特网是技术进步的重要标 志,但同时也想阻止人们接触不良信息,因此 把不良信息重新放在网站不显眼的地方是政 府对网络采取的模棱两可的态度的表现。Chinese Government sees the internet as vital for China ’ s technological progress but, at the same time, they want to stop people from accessing unhealthy content, so relocating content to less prominent parts of website is an indication of its ambivalent attitude towards the net.4.食物纤维素被吹捧成最新的万灵仙丹,既可 减轻中,又有益健康。

Dietary fibre is tout as the latest cure – all which cuts down weight and promotes good health.5.在太空,女人比男人有明显的优势,因为她 们所需要的食物氧气较少,承受辐射的能力较 强。

Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.6.中国政府目前关注农民工的最主要的需求, 即着力解决他们的就业、住房、社会保障、健 康和教育问题。At present, our nation tended first to rural migrants ’ paramount needs, which are employment, residence, social security health and education problems.7.对于让工人参与管理的提议,公司只是口头 上说说而已,并没有将之付诸实际,这使得工 们很反感。

The company pays lip service to the idea of workers ’ participation, but does nothing to put it into practice, which makes the employees repellent.8.Tax evasion was never justifiable, so it pays to be honest when it comes to tax for taxpayers.逃 税从来都是下正当的行为,所以纳税人在纳税 时讲诚实是值得的。

9.It's extremely critical for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.The decision-maker who interview prospective employees like people who are well-prepared.在 求职时,求职者事先做好充分准备是非常关键 的,那些对未来的雇员有录用决定权的人喜欢 有充分准备的人。

10.In the end, all the world's wealth and a thousand armies are no match for the strength and decency of the human spirit.归根到底, 全世 界的财富和军队都抵不过人的精神的力量。11.Like a recurring dream, China's definitive classic tome, The dream of the Red Mansion, an 18th-century novel by Cao Xueqin, is appearing in various formats throughout the world.如同梦 境再现一样,由曹雪芹创作的中国十八世纪文 学名著《红楼梦》以不同文本在全世界流传 12.Visiting museums may be a fast and direct way to get a glimpse of Chinese colorful ethnic cultures, but the opportunity to

immerse yourself in their way of life brings unforgettable fun and active insight into local customs and beliefs.参观 博物馆或许是了解中国丰富多彩民族文化的 快速直接的途径,也是一个沉醉在他们的生活 方式之中,给你带来难忘的乐趣和增加对当地 风俗和信仰理解的机会。

13.When it comes to banning smoking in public places, there have been plenty of lip service, excuses and inept rules, but very little resolve or action.当谈到在公共场合禁烟问题时,好多人 都只是嘴上说说,找找借口,还有很多愚蠢的 规定而已,但他们很少下定决心或付诸行动。14.The leader had the gift of being able to infuse enthusiasm into the most skeptical member of the group.那位领导人很有天赋能使团体中最持怀 疑态度的人都充满热情。

15.It is forbidden to construct new project in residential areas that discharge waste gas or dust containing toxic matters.禁止在居民区新建排 放含有毒物质的废气和粉尘的项目。

Unit 13 1.我妹妹答完试卷后作了很多修改,但她弄巧 成拙, 反而又增加了几个错误。My sister made a few changes after working out the exam paper.But she should have left well enough alone for she made several new mistakes.2.我们明天十点碰头,大家集思广益,争取想 出解决问题的最好方案。Let ’ s brainstorm at 10 tomorrow and try to come up with the best solutions to the problem.3.她突然来我家造访,这让我大吃一惊。Her sudden visit to my home greatly devastated me..4.这样的言行举止将大大有损于他的公众形 象。Such speech and action made a huge dent on his public image 5.从大体上来说,就业条件和经济发展有着紧 密的相互关联。

By and large close correlation exits between employment condition and economic development.6.证据显示,创办公司前不要过多地考虑―伟 大的计划‖或许会更好。Evidence suggests that it might be better not to obsess on finding a great idea before launching a company.7.他们尝试着一切人们能想到的买卖,只要能 付清电费和汽油费。

They tried whatever people thought they could do, only if that might pay off their electricity and gasoline.8.他们大家献计献策也没能想出他的最初产品 应该是什么。

They brainstormed but failed to figure out what their initial product should be.Unit14 1.心脏病与紧张、烟以及缺乏锻炼有密切的关 系。

The heart diseases closely associate with tense, smoking and inadequate physical exercises.2.大多数绿色食品有一个共同点,即它们的价 格高于以常规方式种植的食物。

One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods.3.这些理由是根本不成立的,也绝对不能得出 台湾可以―中华民国‖的名义自立成为一个国 家和海峡两岸已经分裂为两个国家的结论。These arguments are absolutely untenable, and can never lead to the conclusion that Taiwan may declare itself a state under the name of the ― Republic of China‖ , or that the two sides of the Straits have been divided into two states.4.其他的方法论原则都是以实事求是为基础、为评价历史的根本目的服务的。

Based on the principle of seeking truth from facts, the other principles serve the fundamental purpose of reviewing history.5.计算机网络作为一个分布式系统,每个网点 则指定执行某一具体业务。The computer network becomes a distributed system, and each node is designated to perform a specific function.6.双方都声称,他们是维护中国的传统价值准 则二战。

Both sides claim they are fighting for the preservation of traditional Chinese values.7.对于大学生来说,要客观的评价自己,清晰 得认识到自身的优缺点,以对自己的未来作出 正确的决定。

For college students they should evaluate themselves objectively to gain insight into their own strengths and weaknesses so as to make the right decision about future.8.那个可怕的日子将永远藏在他的记忆中。That terrible day will b for ever embedded in his memory.Unit 15 1.任何了解中国历史的人都知道,世界上最早 的纸是中国汉朝人蔡伦发明的。Anyone who has the knowledge of Chinese history knows that paper was firstly invented by Cai Lun in Han Dynasty.2.欧洲成功发明的历史源远流长,但是对这些 发明进行创新的历史相当匮乏。Europe has a long history o f successful invention, but a weak history of turning those inventions into innovations.3.欧洲具备成为高科技创新载体的条件似乎应 有尽有:教育程序较高的劳动力, 著名的大学, 坚实的法律体系,发达的金融市场。但是情况 并非如此。Europe seems to have everything it takes to be a hotbed of high-tech innovation: a highly educated

workforce, great universities, a solid legal system, and advanced financial markets.Yet it is anything but.4.任何文化者有不便公开承认的禁忌——在客 套的交往中禁止你说或做的某些事,这些清规 戒律容不得任何置疑。Every culture has its unacknowledged taboos — the things you are forbidden to say or do in polite company, the accepted truths you are not allowed to doubt.5.现在女能够更自由地选择她们想要的生活, 然而对于如何来安排她们的生活,却没有多少 选择的余地。Women now have more choices over what kind of lives they want to lead, but they do not have more choices over how they want to arrange their lives.Unit 11 1.Many traditional Chinese believe that high forehead is of great mental power.A.objective B.indicative C.directive D.decisive 2.Our country is in great danger;we must the whole nation to prepare themselves to fight.A.mechanize B.paralyze C.monopolize D.mobilize 3.the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.A.Presumably B.Respectively C.Imaginably D.Plausibly 4.A speech could inspire the audience and achieve the goal the speaker desired.A.productive B.provocative C.instructive D.ingenious

5.he is a very serious and strict scholar, but actually he is not that kind of person at all.A.Virtually B.Seemingly C.Decisively D.Likely 6.It’s difficult to someone politely, but we should try to learn to do so.A.remark B.flatter C.conflict D.contradict 7.A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and what he thinks is boring or irrelevant.A.scan B.skip C.scrutinize D.dash 8.Party congresses at all levels are by Party committees at their respective levels.A.accumulated B.convened C.attended D.participated 9.An experienced politician who knew better than to launch a campaign in troubled political waters, she intended to wait for a more occasion before she announced her plans.A.propitious B.provocative C.questionable D.theoretical 10.No matter how the revelations of the coming years may be, they will be hard put to match those of the past decade, which have transformed our view of the emergence of Mayan civilization.A.minor dramatically B.profound negligibly C.striking radically D.bizarre nominally Unit 12 1.He is innocent of the crime and we will him anyway.A.stand up to B.stand up for C.stand in for D.stand out for 2.A good education is an you can fall back on for the rest of your life.A.indoctrination B.inventory C.obligation D.asset 3.This poem a vision of a future world where human being and animals live in peace and harmony.A.conjures up B.imparts C.nurtures D.disdains 4.Two rakish-but-sweet men in pursuit of her made her feel.A.repellent B.palatable C.insidious D.ambivalent 5.Building a new socialist countryside has become a thing for China in the era.A.prophylactic B.paramount C.permanent D.persistent 6.Don’t worry about the stain, it will if you use this brand of washing powder.A.brush off B.flush off C.break up D.lay off 7.He is not trustworthy.His behavior is no for his words.A.contradiction B.compromise C.match D.paradox 8.You’ve since we last met.You were a clerk then, and now you own your own factory.A.come a long way B.come round C.come through D.come over 9.He is a basketball player, and leads all rookies in points, assists, steals and minutes in the playoffs.A.talent B.agile C.versatile D.budding He is a versatile actor, one who is able to himself in all roles and is able to bring the audience into a world of fantasy, filled with dreams, laughter and sadness.A.immerse B.soak C.plunge D.empower Unit 13 1.Statistics indicate that, children in the United those of their families.A.other than B.rather than C.better than D.more than 2.Air and the sun’s rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to influence is useful to the astronomer.A.exclude B.eliminate C.extinguish D.impose 3.The young painter had the example of Picasso to and guide him.A.respire B.inspire C.expire D.induce 4.Economic development has grave on unemployment.A.relation B.connection C.implications D.associate 5.Casey founded a company to the mineral resource in the area.A.cultivate B.employ C.capitalize D.exploit B that there was no danger.A.insured ensured B.assured D.secured C C.6.The manager said that they had an plan if what they had submitted was not accepted.A.alternate absolute B.alternative D.appreciable C.4.The wild life in Africa is extremely and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.A.colorful C.diverse D.abundant B , but his B.complicated 7.As is generally believed, young people nowadays their parents.A.summon cherish 8.I can’t B.overtake

D.overhaul A what has happened to the C.C ideals that are far superior to 5.His speech was careful and words seemed to make no sense.A.distinguished distinctive B.distinct D.distinguishable C.vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.A.figure out look out B.draw out D.work out C.6.Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, C and turning calm situations into A.tragic turbulent 7.He couldn’t ones.B.versatile C.9.There are some disadvantages in living in the country, but, D we like it.B.by choice D.suspicious B his curiosity to see what A.by any chance C.by design was in the box.A.retain restrict B.restrain D.represent C.D.by and large 10 John wanted to make his kite go higher, but his father told him to windy.A.leave the field B.leave it in the cold D.leave over C because it was too 8.Not having a good command of English can be a serious your goals.A.barrier offences B.fault D.distress C.A preventing you from achieve C.leave well enough alone Unit 14 1.The prince hoped to the help of a foreign army.A.claim exclaim B.proclaim D.assert A the crown with 9.No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been D to Bach.C.C.A.referred identified B.associated D.attributed 2.Your excuses for not studying during the holidays may be many and have to keep you busy.A.variation variant B.variety D.various B the passengers 6 10.These classroom activities are intended to C children’s language skills.B.evolve D.inspire C.D but I still A.foster C.cultivate Unit 15 1.Don’t A it 3.The captain of the ship , but I think she has won a lottery of 500,000 Yuan.A.spread lay 2.He out B about B.spread out out C.boost D.put up A 10.In view to the present situation, the D.disseminate of the opinions among senators is certainly impossible to reach a consensus.A.divergence B.difference D.diversification C.the man to disobey orders the central government.A.inspired instilled B.instigated D.instructed C such as a C.distraction 3.The new car has many added radio, a video, a phone and so on.A.referents refinements B.refiners D.refillments C.4.Statistics show one of the principal problems which exists in food processing is the worry about its D.B.hymnal D.hygiene A of the colored lights along the C.A.hygienic cleanness 5.The Yangtze River banks forms splendid scenery of

Wuhan city.A.interplay C.interact D.interacting B.interplaying 6.More rioting in France among college students has A the government’s lack of control.B.shown D.emphasize C.A.underlined underscored 7.Instead of making people more equal, the British education system between rich and poor.A.points up C.stress 8.You C D.shows me!I didn’t hear you come in.B.surprised D.starved C.B.accentuates B the differences A.startling startled 9.The company launched a publicity campaign to C the newspaper’s circulation.B.urge C.7 A.accelerate

第四篇：汽车英语考试翻译

四：请把下列段落翻译成中文

P97:reading A

重点句子答案：

充分认识到了消费者对于更具有燃油经济性和废气排放量更少的产品的需求，丰田公司在2000年向美国市场退出了混合动力车。

丰田为询问信息的目标客户群提供了预定购车的机会，并最终通过和经销商大臣交易，以此作为促进消费的“购买加速器。丰田还痛大约900名经销商合作实施了“租车”项目，此项目允许那些感兴趣的消费者进行长达一天的超长驾驶体验。P73:reading A

重点句子答案：

中国境内每年约发生50万起交通事故，大约10万人死于撞车事故。鉴于如此令人痛心疾首的数字，质量控制和安全测试应成为汽车生产流程总不可或缺的一环。汽车是由人来驾驶的，因此质量控制至关重要。今天，质量控制被认为是汽车设计和制造过程中的重要环节。

P25:reading A：

重点句子答案：

由于油价猛涨和环抱意识增强等原因，微型轿车在过去两年里都欢迎的程度一路攀升。

与其他车型相比，微型车可选款型有限，缺少高端配置及性能，但由于体积小，重量轻，还很实用，驾驶起来倒也得心应手。

微型轿车有如此多的优点，而汽车执制造商们也在不断对其进行改进，因此，微型轿车引领今日汽车市场潮流并不奇怪。

P3:reading A：

重点句子答案：

过去，买车可能是人们炫耀自己经济实力的一种手段。人们想要自己的车大、舒适、奢华并且时尚。然而随着油价的上涨，政府对小型车的优惠，人们环保意识的增强，以及经济发展速度的放缓，购车者买车时正逐渐改变他们的考虑因素。我们进来的调查显示，燃油经济型占选车时诸多考虑因素的首位。有近80%的购车者都关注车的燃油经济性，尤其是女性、年轻人和中等收入家庭。不过，人们对这一因素的关注程度还存在略微的性别差异。有38%的女性吧燃油经济性当成选车时的兽药考虑因素，而只有24%的男性有同感，平均数是31%。

总之，燃油经济性高的车将是汽车市场未来的发展趋势，它们将占据市场的很大份额。如果油价持续上涨，购车者将更关注燃油效率高的车型，而我们则要研发出与这一需求同步的车。

第五篇：高级英语考试翻译练习

由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了。

The whole plan fell through for want of fund

牛顿被公认为是世界上最杰出的科学家之一。

Newtonis acknowledged as one of the world’s most eminent scientists

他对生产成本的估算准确无误。

He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy 公司发言人的不负责任讲话收到了严厉指责。

The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words

这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币。

The young clerk from the commercial bank spotted the counterfeit ten-pound note

这个精干的经理立刻行动了起来。The efficient manager acted promptly

请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字。

Please substitute her name for yours on the waiting list

她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历。She found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience

富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭。

Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography

谁能证实这签名无讹？

Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature

人们给他起了个小家伙的绰号，因为就他年龄而言，他看上去长得很小。

He is dubbed “Tiny”because he looks so small for his age 他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解。

He tried to rationalize his refused to take the advice 他的一番话引起了我们的不满。His words incurred our displeasure

要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time

他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。

He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation 这个地区的报业很兴旺。

The newspaper business in the region is flourishing 掌握英语需要孜孜不倦的努力

It takes a assiduous efforts to acquire a good command of English

没有确凿的证据表明他是有罪的。

There is no tangible evidence to indicate that he is guilty 我断定被告是无辜的。

I affirm that the accused was innocent 那里的防御工事似乎难以攻破。The defenses there seemed impregnable 毁坏随着战争而来。

War is accompanied by destruction 他蛰居在自己的农舍里。

He remained secluded in his farmhouse 这种迷信曾经在那个地区十分普遍。

The superstition used to be prevalent in that region 有些人真是友情胜过一切。

Some people cherish friendship more than anything else 他们为这次旅行已经准备了足够的食物。They have got adequate food for the journey 他说的和他做的不一致。

What he says is not consistent with what he does 这些大学一年级学生都充满青春活力。The freshmen are all youthfully exuberant 他的态度平静，脸上的表情不可读解。

His attitude was bland and his expression was unreadable 我中学的女校长是一位性格温和的年轻女子。

The headmistress of my middle school was a genial young lady

这位哲学家在思索，这是不是历史的必由之路？

The philosopher is pondering on whether this is the inevitable course of events in history

这部电影是由海明威的一部小说改编而成的。

The film was adapted from a novel written by Hemingway 作为法官，你应该一直保持不偏不倚的态度。As a judge，you should remain impartial all along 许多年轻人喜欢这位散文家的华丽文体。

A lot of young people appreciate the essayist’s florid style 这教授是一位热诚的环境保护主义者。The professor is a fervent environmentalist 他们在是去还是留的问题上犹豫不决。They wavered between going and staying 我不会让那些烦恼事妨碍我的工作。I won’t let my troubles interfere my work 我喜欢看孩子们游戏。

I take delight in watching children play

这产业处理掉可以获得相当大的一笔钱。

The property can be disposed of for a good sum of money 在促销期间，购物中心挤满了人群。

The mall was thronged with people during the sales promotion

他们终于在远处看到了灯光。

They perceived a light in the distance in the end 你应该仔细想想这一行动可能会产生的后果。

You should reflect on the likely consequences of this action 假设这是真的，我们该怎么办呢？

What should we do on the assumption that it is true 你应该申请一份你适宜做的工作。

You should apply for a post you are suited for 他厌倦了城市的忙碌生活，渴望乡村的宁静。

Feeling tired of the busy life in the city，he craves for peace and quiet in the countryside

他沉溺于莎士比亚的十四行诗。

He was immersed in Shakespeare’s sonnets 这件事太微不足道了，不用心烦意乱。This matter is too trivial to feel upset about

毕业典礼对我们所有的人来说是一件重大的事。

The commencement was a momentous occasion for all of us 很大的授课量把他们搞得筋疲力尽。A very heavy teaching load exhausted them 他在学术研究方面表现相当平庸。

He gave a mediocre performance in academic studies 他从绘画中得到很大的乐趣。

He derives great satisfaction from painting 从你的话中我猜想你准备辞职。

I assume from your remarks that you are going to quit your job

我们应该努力区分真是与虚假。

We should try to distinguish between truth and falsehood 他总是小心翼翼地不得罪人。He is always wary of giving offence

作为一名法官，你不应该做出武断的决定。

As a judge，you should not make arbitrary decisions 他是一个具有国际声望的艺术家。He is an artist of international prestige 他认为自己的成功有好几个因素。He attributed his success to several factors

这些断垣残壁是诺曼人征服英国时期留下的痕迹。

The fragments of walls are vestiges of the Norman conquest 他抽烟、喝酒甚多，损害了健康。

He smoked and drank a lot，to the detriment of his health 你最好缩短你那冗长的演讲词。

You’d better cut your interminable speech short 我们反对无休止地贪求权利的欲望。

We are opposed to an insatiable lust for power 我们的一些观念正在不知不觉地发生变化。Some of our notions are changing imperceptibly 不必要的开支减少了我们的储蓄。

Unnecessary spending diminished our savings 这是蓄意的侮辱，我气得发抖。

It was a deliberate insult，so I trembled with rage 对于浪漫主义诗人来说，自由高于一切。To the romantic poets，freedom is supreme 沉溺于寻欢作乐之中有害你律师的生涯。

Indulgence in pleasure will ruin your career as a lawyer 我们对传统的美德表示敬意。

We pay homage to the traditional virtues 我认为我们的职责是神圣的。I consider our duty sacred

一些革命者看到了政府的无能。

Some revolutionists saw the impotence of the government 他租不起房子，更不用说买房了。He can’t even afford to rent a house，let alone buy one 编辑没有权利对一部文学作品的原文进行随意处理。The editor is not entitled to take liberties with the text of a literary work

我十几岁的时候开始迷上了文学。I began to take to literature in my teens 卧室已经改装成书房。

The bedroom has been convert into a study 多年来这个错误使他烦恼不堪。

The mistake has plagued him for many years 上海被认为是世界上最大的城市之一。

Shanghai ranks as one of the largest cities in the world 工地不断地传来噪音，我们彻夜未眠。

The incessant noise from the construction site kept us awake all night

她为自己即将不得不独自一人生活感到沮丧。

She felt depressed at the prospect of having to live on her own

他们决定取消合同。

They have decided to nullify the contract 尽管年迈，他仍然在学习法语。

Despite his advanced age，he is still learning French 他又穷又病，境况可怜。

He was in a piteous plight，poor and ill

为了找到解决这个问题的方法，已经做了很多的实验。Many experiments have made in an attempt to find a solution to the problem

女孩一般比男孩发音清晰。

A girl tends to be more articulate than a boy 这本手册旨在解读肢体语言。

This handbook is intended to decode body language 我发觉她对这件事的看法有了变化。

I detected a change in her opinion on this matter 垂危病人的病房在一号楼。

The wards for terminal cases are in Building One 我们必须设法解决那个难题。

We must grapple with that knotty problem 他拿着一只里面装满了文件的手提包。He carries a brief case bulging with documents 布谷鸟的鸣声预示着春天的来到。

The cuckoo announces the advent of spring 我为他没有良好的举止感到遗憾。I deplored his lack of good manners

他试图获得这个职位的努力徒劳无获。His efforts to get the position were futile

当他描绘自己海上历险经历时做出一副得意洋洋的样子。He glowed with pride when he described his adventures 他们把谈话转向更加轻松的话题。

They switched the conversation to a lighter topic 你应该把文章中的俚语去掉。

You supposed to eliminate slang words from the essay 这些努力旨在引起人们对这种新的软件的兴趣。

Efforts were intended to generate new interest in the new software

这部电影对年轻人有着巨大的影响。

This film has a great impact on the young people

电影中那小女孩纯洁无暇的行为给我们留下了美好的印象。

The little girl’s immaculate behaviors in the film left a favorable impression on us

刚才你所建议的话实际上是事后诸葛亮的想法。

What you suggested just mow was in effect an after thought 史密斯太太极度悲伤，致使身体非常虚弱。Mrs.Smiths poignant grief left her very weak 在这次艺术展中，表现主义占据了主导地位。Expressionism was dominant in the art exhibition 这出戏具体表现了人文主义的精髓。The play embodies the essence of humanism 这是我们所坚持的基本原则之一。

This is one of the basic principles we uphold 每个方向都可以通往新的购物中心。

The new shopping mall is accessible from all direction 从石油的角度来看，这是世界上最富的国家之一。It is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of oil 谁能忍受这样的侮辱呢？ Who could endure such insults

菲兹杰拉德的小说家生涯有一个吉祥的开端。

Fitzgerald’s career as a novelist had an auspicious beginning 这个故事唤起了我对在巴黎期间的往事的回忆。The story evoke memories of my days in Paris 他的皱眉表明他不同意，甚至还不高兴。

A frown denoted his disapproval and even his displeasure 惠特曼在他的自我之歌中将自我与大众联系了起来。Whitman identifies his ego with the masses in his Song of Myself

在背后诽谤别人很可鄙。

Speaking ill of someone behind his back is very contemptible

事故发生之后，警察将来往车辆转引到一条旁道。

The police diverted the traffic into a side-street after the accident

他越来越傲慢，这使他与许多老朋友疏离了。

His increasing arrogant alienated him from many of his old friends

他受到赚钱还债需要的驱动。

He was motivated by a need to make money to pay off the debt

他对我们所做的事几乎是欺骗。

What he was done to us about amount to fraud