第一篇:中西方社交礼仪的差异与融合(毕业论文 英文版)
中西方社交礼仪的差异与融合(毕业论文 英文版)
中西方社交礼仪的差异与融合 摘要
礼仪文化是个较为广泛笼统的概念,它几乎涉及到社会生活的各个方面,为实现社会和谐起到了巨大作用。随着西方文化的涌入,中国传统礼仪也不断受到西方礼仪文化的影响。因此,本文着重从日常表达、餐饮礼仪、婚俗礼仪、商务礼仪等方面介绍中西方社交礼仪的差异,并且分析了中西礼仪差异的影响因素。基于前人的经验,本文提出提高社交礼仪的策略。通过提高社交礼仪,我们能够有效的同西方人进行交流。本文还探讨了中西方社交礼仪的的有效融合,帮助人们避免因各自文化的相互冲击而引起的误解,进而实现有效的跨文化交流。
关键词:社交礼仪 文化差异 跨文化交际 融合Cultural Differences and Fusion in Chinese and Western Social Etiquettes
Abstract
Etiquette culture is a relatively general concept.It almost permeates all aspects of social life and plays an important role to realize the harmony in society.With the influx of western culture, Chinese traditional etiquette is influenced by western etiquette culture unceasingly.Therefore, the thesis aims to find out the differences of Chinese and western etiquette on the aspect of daily expression, dining, wedding, and business, and then to analyze the main factors which influence the differences.Based on the predecessors’ experience, the thesis throws out strategies of social etiquettes so that we can communicate effectively with westerners through improving our social etiquettes.The thesis also explore the reasonable fusion between Chinese and western etiquettes with the purpose of helping people avoid misunderstandings which are caused by their respective cultural collision and realizing valid cross-cultural communication.Key word: social etiquette cultural difference cross-cultural communication fusion
Introduction Nowadays, social etiquette plays an important role for people and nations in showing respects to each other in international relationship.The etiquette can be said to be a person’s external appearance of inward cultivation and quality.Since different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds, with the constant development of Chinese and western culture, Chinese and western etiquette is mutually fusing.The westerners gradually accept oriental culture, and Chinese also accept advanced western civilization and communicative mode.A lot of people realize the Chinese and western social etiquette will surely penetrate each other and continuously develop.The paper explores the differences of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette, and then states the fusion of two kinds of etiquette.In chapter one, the paper mainly introduces the concept, origin and value of Chinese and western etiquette.In chapter two, the paper mainly states the difference between Chinese and western etiquette, which includes of daily expression in communication, dining etiquette, wedding etiquette and business etiquette.In this chapter, we can learn about many aspects of etiquette and avoid misunderstanding in international communication.In chapter three, the paper explains several factors that influence the difference between Chinese and western etiquette, which includes thinking modes, outlook on life, religion and concept of hierarchy.In this chapter, we will learn about some special culture which has important function to etiquette.In chapter four, the paper mainly explores some manifestation of fusion in Chinese and western etiquette.In modern society, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges.Many countries are paying great attention to combining international etiquette creatively.Etiquette is common wealth of Chinese civilization and the western civilization.Correctly grasping interpersonal dimension and relationship with others is the important guarantee of maintaining social harmony.Social etiquette not only is the necessity of quality-oriented education, but also is the strong requirement of social civilization progress.Social etiquette itself is a kind of special language, which helps people successfully open the door for communication activity and establish harmonious interpersonal relationship.Any social communication activities are inseparable from the etiquette.The more progressive human beings are, the more socialized the life is, and the more necessary that people need etiquette to adjust social life.Etiquette is the premise of interpersonal communication, and is the key of communicative life.Knowing the differences of international etiquette can help people grasp communication skills and accumulate the exchange experience.People both in China and in the West should respect each other with honesty and sincerity, and then people will know and understand more each other, and then people can establish sincere and deep relationship.Chapter 1 Overview of Etiquette
1.1 Concept of Etiquette Etiquette refers to a code of conduct or normative summation that is formed by the factors of historical tradition, customs, religious belief, trend of the time and so on.It is identified and followed by people due to establish harmonious relations and all sorts of conformity with etiquette spirit and requirements [1].To the individual, etiquette is the external performance of a person’s thoughts level, culture and communication ability.To the people, etiquette is the crystallization of the human civilization and an important part of modern civilization.It embodies the respect both to others and to us.This respect is always combined with people’s life style organically, naturally and harmoniously and then to be people’s daily life and work behavior.These behavior standards contain personal civilization accomplishment, and also show out a people’s moral.1.2 Origin of Chinese and Western Etiquette In China, there are many statements about the origin of etiquette.Theoretically, the appearance of etiquette is to coordinate the subjective and objective need for people.Firstly, human must struggle with nature in order to survive and develop.They have to live in a social form of interdependence and restrict each other mutually.In group life, a distinction should be made between males and females, and ages have difference.It is not only a kind of natural ethical order, but a social order needs all members to guarantee and maintain.Human must know how to deal with the internal relationship very well.So people accumulate and make a series of rules gradually and this is the original etiquette.Secondly, etiquette is originated from the necessary balance of meeting desire and condition for realizing the desire.In order to avoid contradiction and conflict when people realize their desire, they need to institute etiquette to limited desire.On the aspect of specific ceremony, etiquette is originated from ritual activities of religion.The content of original ritual activities is mainly to sacrifice to heaven and pray to the gods.These ritual activities developed gradually and became sacrifice etiquette.With the development of society, people know more about all kinds of relationship between nature and society, only sacrifice to heaven and pray to the gods cannot meet the needs of the realistic complex relationship.So people extend a series of blessing activities including content and form to all kinds of interpersonal activity which is from initial sacrificial ceremony to every field of various social etiquettes.In the west, the word “etiquette” came from French and means court passes.In ancient France, the judge will give a passport with discipline to everyone who enters into the court so as to guarantee the court order.After that, the word “Etiquette” blended in English and developed into the meaning of etiquette which became the rules and norms followed by people in communication.Western etiquette sprouts from the medieval Greece in the earliest time.In the beginning, etiquette developed to palace rules, and then rapidly spread in America.These western daily rules and norms were rationalized and standardized, and then became a system of etiquette.The system was accepted gradually by international community and became etiquette followed jointly by western countries.Chapter2 Differences Between Chinese and Western Etiquette Different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds, which will lead to differences between Chinese and western etiquette.2.1 The Differences of Daily Expressions in Communication In our daily life, we will meet our friends or relatives everyday.We need use a lot of daily expressions to communicate with people around.But there are many differences between China and the West, which may cause misunderstanding in international communication.Here the paper will list several aspects below.2.1.1 Greeting and Parting Greeting is used to create or maintain social relationship when people meet acquaintances or friends.So, people often use some polite formulas.But because of cultural differences between China and western counties, these polite formulas always cause conflict in people’s communication.In the West, people often use the following expressions to greet eac
第二篇:浅谈中西方社交礼仪的差异
浅谈中西方社交礼仪的差异
【摘要】 由于中西方社交礼仪上存在着差异,中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常会发生误会和冲突,其根本原因则是文化环境的差异形成的认知差异。本文主要分析了中西方礼仪在称谓称呼、见面交往礼节、宴客方面、禁忌与习俗、公务场合等的差异,归纳出中西方社交礼仪的各自特点,同时揭示了形成中西方礼仪差异性的社会环境和价值观等因素。
【关键词】社交礼仪 中西方差异 各自特点 表现和成因
礼仪,是整个社会文明的基础,是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。中国是礼仪之邦,有着灿烂的五千年文化华夏文明,在世界上影响深远。著名国学家钱穆先生就曾经说过,“中国文化的核心就是礼”。中国的礼仪,始于夏商周,盛于唐宋,经过不断地发展变化,逐渐形成体系。文化。中国被称为文明古国,礼仪之邦,礼仪在中国历史上源远流长。古语有云:人无礼则不立,事无礼则不成,国无礼则不宁。
西方社会则是几大古代文明的继承者,经过中世纪的黑暗,最终迎来了文艺复兴,并孕育了资本主义和现代文明,产生了现代科技和文化。当在近200多年,随着西方国家的崛起,西方主导着世界。现今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪。这种现象的原因并不仅仅是西方的实力强大,深层的原因在于西方人价值观的统一,在于西方人对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。
但是由于各国的历史与文化底蕴不同,各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。尤其是中西方之间,礼仪上的差别很大。常常能听到一些由于礼仪文化之间的差异而闹出的笑话。例如中国近代史上,李鸿章曾应俾斯麦之邀前往赴宴,由于不懂西餐礼仪,把一碗吃水果后洗手的水喝了。当时俾斯麦为了不使李鸿章丢丑,他也将洗手水一饮而尽,见此情景,其他文武百官只能奉陪。中国人历来以谦虚为美德,而美国人对中国人“水平不高,能力有限”的自谦并不以为然,相反地他会认为你缺乏自信,不知有多少留学生在美国因为“谦虚”而推掉了饭碗。因此,了解中西方礼尚交往之间的习惯差异是很有必要的。无论是在政治上,还是在经济贸易中,了解对方国家的礼仪习惯,是对对方的尊重,以便交往的顺利进行。
(一)从不同的方面看中西方礼节的具体差异。
一、在称谓和称呼方面,西方人的称呼通常是比较笼统的,通常一个称呼可以涵盖中国的很多个称呼。例如西方人称呼男的为先生,称呼女的为女士或者小姐。而“先生”一词在我国各类词典中的第一解释就是“教师”,是对教师最古老、最悠久的称谓,已经流传了几千年。我们在建国后熟人称呼经常在其姓名后面加上“同志”一词,比如,开会的时候,某某领导讲话,“向XX同志学习”等诸如此类的言语就不必细说了。但是,在当今生活中,随着改革开放,现在“先生”成为社会上最流行的尊称口语,二、在见面交往礼节方面,中国人通常是见面喜欢点点头,握握手或行拱手礼,或者微微欠身然后握手,而西方人觉得欠身似乎显得自卑。在西方,特别在欧美国家,拥抱礼却是十分常见的见面礼与道别礼,亲吻礼和吻手礼也是常见的西方见面礼。握手礼来源于西方人类半野蛮半文明时期。这种习惯逐渐演变成今天作为见面和告辞的“握手”礼节,被大多数国家所接受。在我国,握手礼不但在见面和告辞时使用,而且还作为一种祝贺、感谢或相互鼓励的表示。因此是社交中应用最广泛的致意礼节。见面、道别时的礼貌演变到今天就是“你好”、“再见”两个短语,客气的顶多再互相握下手,在各种古怪疾病流行的今天显得简洁而卫生而又体面。然而西方国家,见面就要先送贴面礼、亲吻礼和吻手礼,让我们很不习惯也不能接受。
三、在宴客方面,喝酒,历来被中国人视为做生意、交朋友等社交场合不可缺少的一环。中国通常遵循的是酒杯不能空茶水不能太满,在西方人他们通常喜欢啤酒、葡萄酒,不喜欢劝酒,他们的行为会随女主人的动作而进行。中国是一个酒文化大国,几千年流传下来的酿酒工艺和人们赋予酒的美好寓意,使饮酒成为中国人宴请宾朋、交际应酬等活动中不可缺少的内容。中华民族博大精深的酒文化也令老外折服,使他们也对中国的白酒满怀好奇心,但他们对中国酒桌上的强行劝酒有多反感。就如我们正常的中国人对老外的贴面礼排斥一样。
四、在禁忌与习俗方面,中国人不喜欢说4,觉得8非常吉利,而西方人不喜欢13。中国人视4为不吉利,因为与“死”同音;而在荷兰语中4却是个喜庆的数字,因为与荷兰语“庆祝”一词的发言相近。
五、中国人通常以登门拜访表现他的热忱,而西方人在拜访前先要跟主人预约,忌突然造访。否则,受访者会感到不快,因为这突如其来的拜访打乱了工作安排,给他造成了极大的不便。约好的拜访一般要准时。
六、中国人见面客套时喜欢问去哪,吃饭了没,而西方人却认为,这是在侵犯他们的隐私,西方人对此感到很怪异。“吃了吗?”这是中国人在吃饭前后打招呼的常用语。西方人们分手时通常说Good-bye,Bye-bye,相当于中国人说“再见”。如有贵客或不大熟的人来访或串门儿,客人离开时,按中国的习惯,主人要把客人送到房门口或大门口。客人对主人说“请留步”,主人最后要说“走好”、“慢走”、“慢点儿骑(自行车)之类的客套话。而西方人微微一笑并作个表示再见的手势就可以了。
七、如今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化,正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。
八、中国人通常会在女官员、女企业家、女学者、女明星面前遵循女士优先原则,却不理会女翻译、女导游、女陪同、女记者等。而西方人对此一视同仁。
九、在国际会议上,我国传媒总结出国人的种种陋习:电话多、屎尿多,常常在公开场合训斥下属,男秘书给自己上级揉肩膀等。为此《国际先驱报》曾于2007年9月24日载文“中国人国际会议„七宗罪‟成西方媒体嘲讽性花絮”。
正式的公务场合或宴会上,遵守礼仪是自身良好修养的体现,也是对一同参加宴会的人的尊重。
(二)中西方礼仪文化呈现出的各自不同的特色
中西方礼仪文化呈现出各自不同的特色,主要可以归纳为以下两点:
一.中国传统礼文化强调谦虚谨慎,西方是在得体的基础上强调个体和个人价值。
西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其为个人取得的成就而自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感以及在获得成就后的喜悦。而相反,中国文化却不主张炫耀个人荣誉,提倡谦虚谨慎。大多反对或蔑视王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂。然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。在西方人看来,这不仅否定了本身,还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力,甚至有欺骗的嫌疑。可见,这种中国式的谦虚在西方的竞争市场是行不通的。因而,在中国人看来,西方人的思维方式更为简单直接,表现在言语上就是表里如一,即“是”就是“是”,“不是”就是“不是”。
二。中国传统文化提倡尊卑次序,西方社会提倡自由平等
东方文化等级观念强烈,无论是在组织还是在家庭,都有一定的辈分等级。尽管传统礼制中的等级制度已被消除,但等级观念至今仍对东方文化产生影响。在中国,传统的君臣、父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍根深蒂固。比如父亲在儿子的眼中、教师在学生的眼中有着绝对的权威。在西方国家,除了英国等少数国家有着世袭贵族和森严的等级制度外,大多数西方国家都倡导平等观念。特别在美国“崇尚人人平等”,在家庭中,美国人不讲辈分,只要彼此尊重,在家庭成员之间,不分长幼尊卑,一般可互称姓名或昵称。在家里,可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字。对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”,对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”。这在我们中国是不行的,必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系,否则就会被认为不懂礼貌。
(三)中西方礼仪文化差异的成因
造成中西方礼仪差异的根本原因,是中西方文化环境的不同,使得各国的人民有着完全不同的道德标准体系和价值观。礼仪是与本土的思想文化相对应的,由于形成礼仪的重要根源――宗教信仰――的不同,使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。梁启超在有名的《劝学篇》里面讲到:“中学为内学,西学为外学;中学致身心,西学应世事。”在礼仪的表现中,西方更多的聚焦在行为、语言的面上;而中国礼仪在长期历史发展过程中,不仅行为人的语言、行动本身具有话语意义,同时还需从行为人的语言、行动中去“悟”出一些东西,在言传的同时,还需意会。东方文明和西方文明都是在一定的社会历史条件下产生和发展的,没有孰优孰劣的问题。就西方文明来说,它的历史较短,而它的人民是从各个地方移民而来的,众多不同民族和种族都融合在一起,文化的兼容性很强。他们信奉的西方精神,是在英雄主义和献身精神的基础上建立起来的。
用“和而不同”的态度来对待中西礼仪文化差异,承认和尊重差异,探寻礼仪文化的互通性,有助于增强对文化差异的敏感性和对他文化的适应力,从而提高交际效率。认清中西礼仪文化的差异,将二者合理有效的融合,方能建立适合中国当代社会的礼仪文化体系,达到和谐社会的理想。
创建和谐社会,必须先从礼仪开始。中国今天面临前所未有的挑战,无论是物质,精神,文化各个方面,都急迫的需要一套完整而合理的价值观进行统一。17大报告中着重指出,以文化为核心的“软实力”,是一个国家综合国力的重要组成部分。随着中国经济实力和国际影响力的提高伴随着经济发展,中国正在各个方面赶超西方国家,包括文化领域……
我国是个开放的国家,我们要不断加强国际礼仪交往等知识的学习,向世界人民展示我们的形象。
第三篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异分析 英文
There are many difference in Chinese and western table manner , but which tings lead to these difference, There may be three aspects.Different cultural connotations,different ways of thinking ,different values.Now I will explain how the values make the culture different.The value is the deepest level in the culture , is used to evaluate the behavior things by members in society, and select the most suitable principle in a few possible targets, that is the theme of culture.Therefore every country and society use the same value which is recognized.The table manners behaved by the people is a microcosm of their value.Such as China , a country which emphasize “filial” “loyalty” reflect the value of collectivism.When we eat dinner ,we can find that Chinese people emphasize that caring the young, respecting the old.So the arrangement of the seat is regularly.In western countries , the values of individualism plays an important role.People use their own values.Embodies their personal energy This is because in Western philosophy, people tend to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression.They believe that if one can not achieve the goal , that is not destiny ,but their laziness and lack of struggle spirit..It can be seen through the dining system, each of them eat t food on their own plate and choose their favourite food.and the scene that eating the food that hosts provide will not appear.
第四篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异
第一张:Hello everyone, my name is 范慧建,my name is 潘文杰
Today we will introduce the difference in table manners between China and western countries to you.第二张: This is Chinese table
第三张: This is western-style table 第四张:Let’s analyze the difference between Chinese table and western-style table.Chinese table is round and it has a meaning of reunion.Western-style table is square.It has a romantic feel 第五张:This is Chinese tableware.Chinese eat with chopsticks.第六张:This is Western-style tableware.第七张: The main of Chinese tableware
Chopsticks and spoon
Chopsticks are the main tableware of Chinese food.It should be held between the thumb(拇指)and fingers of the right hand
Spoon’s main function is scoop(舀取)the food.When you get the soup with spoon.Please be careful and don’t take full soup overflow
The main of western-style tableware
Fork
knife
goblet(高脚杯)
The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right.At first you hold down the food with a fork, then cut it into small piece with knife , and then fork it into your mouth.第八张:In china, people have dinner in a restaurant.They almost aren’t concerned about their clothes.In western countries, when they have dinner to restaurant.They are very concerned about their clothes.第九张: The arrangement for Chinese food seats(中餐席位的安排)
In the banquet(宴会), the guests of honor sit on the honored seats.The host and the hostess sit on the seats opposite to them.The other guests take the rest seats in order.(在宴会上相对重要的客人坐特定的座位上。男主人和女主人坐在他们的对面)第十张:Western countries seats arrangement(西餐席位安排)
The western banquets are used to using the long table.In normal situation which both the host and the hostess attend, the host and the hostess sit on the two ends of the table.The
guests of honored sit on the right side of the hostess while the wife of the honored guest sits on the right side of the host.(男主人和女主人坐在桌子的两端,宴请的男的客人做在女主人的右手边,女的客人坐在她的左手边)
When they leave their seat, they should be left out from the seat.(从座位的左边走出离开)第十一张:The order of dishes in Chinese food(中餐的上菜顺寻)
According to traditional manners, the meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of meat and vegetable dishes.And then the soup will be served, to be followed by dumplings or noodles or fruit.第十二张:The order of dishes in the western countries
The first dish of western is the first plate and also called appetizer(开胃菜).What’ more, the appetizer is of high quality.Second course was soup.The kinds of soup is a little but is high nutritional.The main course as the fourth western dishes,including beefsteak and vegetable.Western desserts are followed after the main course, such as ice cream, chees, fruit and so on.第十三张:中餐进餐礼仪during Chinese dinner :
Maintain your body straight
Your hands remain stationary 不动
Don’t make any talk with a mouthful 第十四张:西餐进餐礼仪
During western dinner,don’t stare at anyone
Don’t make any worse noise
When you are finished, place your knife and fork together with your fork on the left and knife on the right
第十五张:不同的思维方式
不同的价值观
第五篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异
中西方餐桌礼仪差异
学院:人文社科
专业班级:文秘1班
学号:10871106
姓名:陈雅 摘要:
餐饮礼仪是饮食文化的一个重要组成部分。由于我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家,思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的,在与西方交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象,严重的影响了交往的顺利进行。餐饮礼仪在交际中占了很重要的地位。我们有必要学习分析中西方在餐饮礼仪方面的差异。
关键词:餐桌礼仪 文化 差异
一.中西方餐桌礼仪差异中的中国餐桌礼仪(一)、入座的礼仪:
就宴会而言,一般都要事先安排好桌次和座次,以方便参加宴会的人都能各就各位,也体现出對客人的尊重。通常,桌次地位的高低以距主桌位置的远近而定。以主人的桌为基准,右高、左低,近高,远低。
就座次的高低而言,主要考虑以下几点:首先,以主人的座位为中心,如果女主人参加时,则以主人和女主人为基准,近高远低,右上左下,依次排列。其次,通常要把主宾安排在最尊贵的位置,即主人的右手位置,主宾夫人安排在女主人的右手位置。再次主人方面的陪客要尽可能与客人相互交叉,便于交谈交流,避免自己人坐在一起,冷落客人。
(二)位序讲究:
1、左高右低:當两人一同并排就座时,通常以右为上座,以左为下座。
2、中座为尊:三人一同就餐时,居中坐者在位次上要高于在其两侧就座之人。
3、面门为上:依照礼仪惯例则应以面對正门者为上坐,以背對正门者为下座。
4、观景为佳:在一些高档餐厅用餐时,室内外有优美的景致或高雅的演出可供用餐者观赏,此时应以观赏角度最佳处为上座。
5、临墙为好:在某些中低档餐厅用餐时,为了防止过往侍者和食客的干扰,通常以靠墙之位为上座,靠过道之位为下座。
6、临台为上:宴会厅内若有专用的讲台时,应该以靠讲台的餐桌为主桌,如果没有专用讲台,有时候以背邻主要画幅的那张餐桌为主桌。
7、各桌同向:如果是宴会场所,各桌子上的主宾位都要与主桌主位保持同一方向。
8、以远为上:當桌子纵向排列时,以距离宴会厅正门的远近为准,距门越远,位次越高贵。
(三)、进餐时的礼仪
先请客人.长着动筷子.夹菜时每次少一些.离自己远的菜就少吃一些.吃饭时不要出声音.喝汤时也不要出声响,喝汤用汤匙一小口一小口地喝.不宜把碗端到嘴边喝,汤太热时凉了以后再喝.不要一边吹一边喝.有的人吃饭喜欢用咀嚼食物.特别是使劲咀嚼脆食物,发出很清晰的声音来.这种做法是不合礼仪要求的.特别是和众人一起进餐时,就要尽量防止出现这种现象。
进餐时不要打嗝,也不要出现其他声音,如果出现打喷嚏,肠鸣等不由自主的声响时,就要说一声“真不好意思”.;对不起;.“请原凉”.之内的话.以示歉意。
如果要给客人或长辈布菜.最好用公筷.也可以把离客人或长辈远的菜肴送到他们跟前,按我们中华民族的习惯.菜是一个一个往上端的.如果同桌有领导,老人,客人的话.每当上来一个新菜时就请他们先动筷子.或着轮流请他们先动筷子.以表示对他们的重视。
吃到鱼头,鱼刺,骨头等物时,不要往外面吐,也不要往地上仍.要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里,或放在紧靠自己餐桌边或放在事先准备好的纸上。
要适时地抽空和左右的人聊几句风趣的话,以调和气氛.不要光着头吃饭,不管别人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿,更不要贪杯。
最好不要在餐桌上剔牙.如果要剔牙时,就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴。
(四)、离席时的礼仪
中途离席:中途离席的一些技巧,你不能不了解。和主人打过招呼,应该马上就走,不要拉着主人在大门大聊个没完。因为当天对方要做的事很多,现场也还有许多客人等待他(她)去招呼,你占了主人太多时间,会造成他(她)在其他客人面前失礼。
普通离席:离席时.必须向主人表示感谢.或者就此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客,以示回谢。
(五)中国人使用筷子的十二大禁忌
三长两短 仙人指路 品箸留声 击盏敲盅 执箸巡城 迷箸刨坟 泪箸遗珠 颠倒乾坤 定海神针 当众上香 交十字 落地惊神
一. 中西方餐桌礼仪差异中的西方餐桌礼仪
西方就餐的礼仪以自然、实际为主,不讲客套、谦让,但用餐中的规矩却很多。
(一)、进入餐厅:
1.进入高级餐厅,应等候带位,不可自行就座,最好能事先订位。
2.西餐习惯上由左侧入座,男士应协助女士入座,坐姿端正且尽量靠近椅背,女性可将皮包置於椅背间不可置於桌面。
(二)、使用口布:
1.口布(餐巾)应摊开后对折铺在大腿上,不宜扎在裤腰上或围在衣领上。2.口布可用於遮油烟、防止汤汁滴落在衣物、擦嘴(用反摺的内侧来擦),但不可擦脸、擦汗、擦餐具、擤鼻涕。
(三)、西餐顺序:
(开胃酒)→开胃菜→汤→鱼类→主菜(肉类)→水果→点心→饮料(咖啡或茶)→*自助餐亦同
(四)、餐具的使用:
1.餐桌上摆放的刀叉有一定顺序,一般以三套刀叉居多,使用原则左叉右刀,用餐时由外向内,由上而下,依次取用。2.刀叉的用法 分美国式和欧洲式两种,美式用法是切完肉把刀放在盘子上,叉子从左手换到右手,然后用叉子叉起切好的肉。欧式用法则始终为左手拿叉,右手拿刀。
3.冷盘用叉,吃鱼用银刀叉,吃肉用钢刀叉,吃生菜用叉,布丁或点心用叉或匙,水果用刀叉。
4.切肉从左边开始,切一块吃一块,不可切一大块分数口吃,或一次全切开再吃。
5.吃有骨头的肉时,可以用手拿著吃。若想吃得更优雅,还是用刀较好。6.吃鱼时可以用左手拿著面包,右手拿著刀子,把刺拨开。7.若餐具掉落应请服务员拾起换新,不可捡起擦拭使用。
(五)、葡萄酒品尝:
1.饮酒方式先观其色,再闻其香,后品其味。
2.红酒配红肉、白酒配白肉、香槟可当开胃酒(也可佐餐)。
3.握杯应握杯脚,倒酒不可超过1/2,不可加入冰块,喝时先以口布擦嘴。
(六)、特殊吃法:
1.面包应以手撕开约一口之小块,涂上奶油食用,不可用叉子叉。
2.洗手盅(花瓣)通常在上必须用手的菜或甜点之前送上,碗内盛有温水,还有一些小花般的饰物,用时可将双手的手指在水中轻轻搓洗一下,再以口布擦乾。3.义大利面应以叉子卷起,再以汤匙辅助,不可吸食。
4.在欧洲,当第一道菜端上来时就可以吃了,在美国则要等最后一个人上好菜后才开始进餐。
(七)、离开座位:
1.刀叉分开成八字型置於餐盘上,叉在左边面朝下,刀在右边与叉形成一个角;不可放在桌面沾污桌巾,口布折好放於椅面上。
2.用毕将刀叉合并置於盘上的右边或中间,离开时将口布折好放於桌面左侧。3.礼貌并婉转告知对方,但无须讲的太直接,以化妆室代替厕所。4.若需要服务,可用眼神向他示意或微微把手抬高,侍者会马上过来。
(八)、.咖啡喝法:
1.先加入糖溶解,再加入奶精,咖啡匙用於搅拌。2.杯耳转向右,咖啡匙置於上方盛盘上,趁热喝完。
当今世界的礼仪内容更加广泛和复杂,这就需要我们在保持原有的传统礼仪的基础上去适应和接受西方的礼仪,我们应在适当的场合用适当的礼仪,既反对“全盘西化”,又反对“抱残守缺”。我们借鉴西方礼仪,不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式,更应当借鉴其内任灵魂,只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感,才能确立我 的感染力。只有认清中西方餐饮礼仪文化的差异,将二者合理有效地融合,方能建立适合中。当代社会的礼仪文化体系,达成和持社会的理想。