温家宝2009讲话5篇

第一篇：温家宝2009讲话

温家宝在世界经济论坛2009年年会上的讲话

坚定信心 加强合作 推动世界经济新一轮增长

Strengthen Confidence and Work Together for A New Round of World Economic Growth ━━在世界经济论坛2009年年会上的特别致辞

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝

Special Message by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009（2009年1月28日）

尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士们，先生们：

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Ladies and Gentlemen，很高兴出席世界经济论坛2009年年会，并发表特别致辞。首先，我要感谢施瓦布主席的盛情邀请和周到安排。本届年会意义特殊，在历史罕见的国际金融危机之中，各国政要、企业家和专家学者聚集在这里，围绕“重塑危机后的世界”这一主题，共同探讨维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济增长的举措，探索全球综合治理之道，既有重要的现实意义，也体现了会议举办者的远见卓识。各方面热切期盼从这里听到富有智慧的声音，凝聚战胜危机的力量。我们有责任向世界传递信心、勇气和希望。我预祝本届年会取得成功！

I am delighted to be here and address the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009.Let me begin by thanking Chairman Schwab for his kind invitation and thoughtful arrangements.This annual meeting has a special significance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history, it brings together government leaders, business people, experts and scholars of different countries to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth and better address global issues.Its theme--“Shaping the Post-Crisis World” is highly relevant.It reflects the vision of its organizers.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence, courage and hope.I look forward to a successful meeting.我们正在经历的这场国际金融危机，使世界经济陷入上世纪大萧条以来最困难的境地。各国和国际社会纷纷采取积极应对措施，对提振信心、缓解危机、防止金融体系崩溃和世界经济深度衰退起到了重要作用。这场危机的原因是多方面的。主要是：有关经济体宏观经济政策不当、长期低储蓄高消费的发展模式难以为继；金融机构片面追逐利润而过度扩张；金融及评级机构缺乏自律，导致风险信息和资产定价失真；金融监管能力与金融创新不匹配，金融衍生品风险不断积聚和扩散。“吃一堑，长一智”。我们必须从中认真吸取教训，正确处理储蓄与消费的关系，金融创新与金融监管的关系，虚拟经济与实体经济的关系，从根本上找到化解危机之策。

The ongoing international financial crisis has landed the world economy in the most difficult situation since last century's Great Depression.In the face of the crisis, countries and the international community have taken various measures to address it.These measures have played an important role in boosting confidence, reducing the consequences of the crisis, and forestalling a meltdown of the financial system and a deep global recession.This crisis is attributable to a variety of factors and the major ones are: inappropriate macroeconomic policies of some economies and their unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption;excessive expansion of financial institutions in a blind pursuit of profit;lack of self-discipline among financial institutions and rating agencies and the ensuing distortion of risk information and asset pricing;and the failure of financial supervision and regulation to keep up with financial innovations, which allowed the risks of financial derivatives to build and spread.As the saying goes, “A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit,” we must draw lessons from this crisis and address its root causes.In other words, we must strike a balance between savings and consumption, between financial innovation and regulation, and between the financial sector and real economy.坦率地说，这场危机对中国经济也造成较大冲击，我们正面临严峻挑战。主要是：外部需求明显收缩，部分行业产能过剩，企业生产经营困难，城镇失业人员增多，经济增长下行的压力明显加大。

The current crisis has inflicted a rather big impact on China's economy.We are facing severe challenges, including notably shrinking external demand, overcapacity in some sectors, difficult business conditions for enterprises, rising unemployment in urban areas and greater downward pressure on economic growth.中国作为一个负责任的大国，在危机中采取了积极负责的态度。我们把扩大国内有效需求特别是消费需求作为促进经济增长的基本立足点。及时调整宏观经济政策取向，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定和实施一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。

As a big responsible country, China has acted in an active and responsible way during this crisis.We mainly rely on expanding effective domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, to boost economic growth.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, introduced ten measures to shore up domestic demand and put in place a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at ensuring steady and relatively fast economic growth.一是大规模增加政府支出和实施结构性减税。中国政府推出了总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、生态环保等方面的建设和地震灾后恢复重建，既有“十一五”规划内加快实施的项目，也有根据发展需要新增的项目。这个计划经过了科学论证，在资金保证上作了周密安排，其中中央政府计划投资1．18万亿元，并带动地方和社会资金参与建设。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，主要是全面实施增值税转型，出台中小企业、房地产交易相关税收优惠政策等措施，取消和停征100项行政事业性收费，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。

First, substantially increase government spending and implement a structural tax cut.The Chinese Government has rolled out a two-year program involving a total investment of RMB 4 trillion, equivalent to 16 percent of China's GDP in 2007.The investment will mainly go to government-subsidized housing projects, projects concerning the well-being of rural residents, railway construction and other infrastructural projects, environmental protection projects and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Some of them are identified as priority projects in China's 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development.The rest are additional ones to meet the needs of the new situation.This two-year stimulus program has gone through scientific feasibility studies and is supported by a detailed financial arrangement.RMB 1.18 trillion will come from central government's budget, which is expected to generate funds from local governments and other sources.The Chinese Government has also launched a massive tax cut program which features the comprehensive transformation of the value-added tax, the adoption of preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and real estate transactions, and the abolition or suspension of 100 items of administrative fees.It is expected to bring about a total saving of RMB 500 billion for businesses and households each year.二是大频度降息和增加银行体系流动性。中央银行连续五次下调金融机构存贷款利率，其中一年期存、贷款基准利率累计分别下调1．89和2．16个百分点，大幅度减轻企业财务负担。连续四次下调存款准备金率，大型金融机构累计下调2个百分点，中小型金融机构累计下调4个百分点，共释放流动性约8000亿元，使商业银行可用资金大幅增加。出台一系列金融促进经济增长的政策措施，扩大贷款总量，优化信贷结构，加大对“三农”、中小企业等方面的金融支持。

Second, frequently cut interest rates and increase liquidity in the banking system.The central bank has cut deposit and lending rates of financial institutions five times in a row, with the one-year benchmark deposit and lending rates down by 1.89 percentage points and 2.16 percentage points respectively.Thus the financial burden of companies has been greatly reduced.The required reserve ratio has been lowered four times, adding up to a total reduction of 2 percentage points for large financial institutions and 4 percentage points for small and medium-sized ones.This has released around RMB 800 billion of liquidity and substantially increased funds available to commercial banks.A series of policy measures have been adopted in the financial sector to boost economic growth, including increasing lending, optimizing the credit structure, and providing greater financial support to agriculture and the SMEs.三是大范围实施产业调整振兴规划。我们抓住机遇全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等重点产业的调整和振兴规划，既着眼于解决企业当前存在的困难，又致力于产业的长远发展。采取有力措施，推进企业兼并重组，淘汰落后产能，发展先进生产力，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励企业技术进步和技术改造，支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，调整产品结构，开发适销对路产品，提高生产经营水平。我们不断完善和落实金融支持政策，健全信用担保体系，放宽市场准入，支持中小企业发展。Third, implement the industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program on a large scale.We are seizing the opportunity to push ahead comprehensive industrial restructuring and upgrading.To this end, plans are being drawn up for key industries such as automobile and iron and steel, which not only focus on addressing the immediate difficulties of enterprises but also look toward their long-term development.We have taken strong measures to facilitate the merger and reorganization of enterprises, phase out backward production capacity, promote advanced productive forces, and improve industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage our enterprises to upgrade technologies and make technological renovation.We support them in making extensive use of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials to restructure their product mix, develop marketable products and improve their competitiveness.Our financial support policies are being improved, a sound credit guarantee system installed and market access eased for the benefit of SME development.四是大力推进科技创新和技术改造。加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求，培育新的经济增长点。五是大幅度提高社会保障水平。

Fourth, actively encourage innovation and upgrading in science and technology.We are speeding up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development with a special focus on 16 key projects in order to make breakthroughs in core technologies and key generic technologies.This will provide scientific and technological support for China's sustainable economic development at a higher level.We are developing high-tech industrial clusters and creating new social demand and new economic growth areas.Fifth, substantially raise the level of social security.我们加快完善社会保障体系，继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平，提高优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。今年中央财政用于社会保障和就业的资金投入增幅将大大高于财政收入增速。

We have accelerated the improvement of social safety net.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas, welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support and the special allowances and assistance to entitled groups.This year, the central budget for social security and employment will increase at a much higher rate than the growth of the overall fiscal revenue.我们积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务，预计三年内各级政府将为此投入8500亿元。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。

We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.It is estimated that governments at all levels will invest RMB 850 billion for this purpose.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.今年将进一步提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，加大对家庭经济困难学生的资助，提高中小学教师待遇，继续促进教育公平和优化教育结构。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，特别是出台了促进高校毕业生和农民工就业的各项政策措施，进一步开辟公益性就业岗位，千方百计减缓金融危机对就业的影响。

This year, we will increase public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, offer more financial support to students from poor families and improve the well-being of middle and primary school teachers so as to promote equity in education and optimize the educational structure.We are using every possible means to lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.We are following a more active employment policy.In particular, we have introduced various policy measures to help college graduates and migrant workers find jobs and provided more government-funded jobs in public service.总的看，这些重大政策措施，注重标本兼治、远近结合，综合协调、相互促进，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、推进科技创新、加强社会保障结合起来，把增加投资和刺激消费结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生结合起来，对于动员全社会力量共同应对危机，起到了关键性作用。

These major policy measures as a whole target both symptoms and root causes, and address both immediate and long-term concerns.They represent a holistic approach and are mutually reinforcing.They are designed to address the need to boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, encourage scientific innovation and strengthen social security.They are designed to stimulate consumption through increased investment, overcome the current difficulties with long-term development in mind, and promote economic growth in the interest of people's livelihood.These measures can mobilize all resources to meet the current crisis.当前中国经济形势总体上是好的。经过努力，在战胜两场突如其来的特大自然灾害的同时，2008年中国经济保持了平稳较快发展。国内生产总值增长9%，居民消费价格基本稳定；粮食连续五年丰收，总产量达到5．28亿吨；城镇新增就业1113万人，城乡居民收入持续增加；金融体系稳健运行，银行体系流动性和信贷资产质量保持在较好水平。作为一个发展中大国，中国把自己的事情办好，有利于提振对世界经济增长的信心，有利于减缓国际金融危机扩散蔓延趋势，有利于增加中国的进口和对外投资，拉动世界经济增长，给其他国家提供更多发展机遇和就业机会。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对维护国际金融稳定和促进世界经济增长做出了重要贡献。

China's economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008 despite two unexpected massive natural disasters.Our GDP grew by 9 percent.CPI was basically stable.We had a good grain harvest for the fifth consecutive year, with a total output of 528.5 million tons.Eleven million and one hundred and thirty thousand new jobs were created in cities and towns.Household income in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and the banking system kept its liquidity and credit asset quality at a healthy level.When China, a large developing country, runs its affairs well, it can help restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It will also help increase China's imports and outbound investment, boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth of China's economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability and world economic growth.女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen，中国经济能不能继续保持平稳较快发展？有些人可能会有疑虑。我可以给大家一个肯定的回答：我们对此充满信心。我们的信心来自哪里？信心来自中国经济发展的基本面没有改变。由于我们正确判断形势、及时果断调整宏观经济政策，中国经济仍然保持了平稳较快发展。我们制定并实施的既应对当前困难又着眼长远发展的一揽子计划，开始见到效果，今年将发挥更大作用。信心来自中国经济发展的长期趋势没有改变。Will China's economy continue to grow fast and steadily? Some people may have doubts about it.Yet I can give you a definite answer: Yes, it will.We are full of confidence.Where does our confidence come from? It comes from the fact that the fundamentals of China's economy remain unchanged.Thanks to our right judgment of the situation and prompt and decisive adjustment to our macroeconomic policy, our economy remains on the track of steady and fast development.Our package plan takes into consideration both the need to address current difficulties and that of long-term development.It is beginning to produce results and will be more effective this year.Our confidence comes from the fact that the long-term trend of China's economic development remains unchanged.我们仍处于重要战略机遇期，在工业化和城镇化快速推进中，基础设施建设、产业结构和消费结构升级、环境保护和生态建设、社会事业发展，蕴藏着巨大的需求和增长潜力，它将有力支撑中国经济在较长时间内继续保持较高速度增长。信心来自中国经济发展的优势没有改变。经过30年改革开放，我们建立了良好的物质、技术和体制基础。

We are in an important period of strategic opportunities and in the process of fast industrialization and urbanization.Infrastructure construction, upgrading of industrial and consumption structures, environmental protection and conservation projects, and various social development programs--all can be translated into huge demand and growth potential and will bolster relatively high-speed growth of our economy for a long time to come.Our confidence also comes from the fact that the advantages contributing to China's economic growth remain unchanged.With 30 years' of reform and opening-up, we have laid a good material, technological and institutional foundation.劳动力资源丰富、素质较高、成本较低；国家财政收支状况良好，金融体系稳健，社会资金充裕；我们有集中力量办大事的制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境。更为重要的是，我们树立了以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展理念，始终坚持改革开放，始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略，找到了一条符合中国国情、顺应时代潮流的正确发展道路；我们的人民拥有坚韧不拔、自强不息、百折不挠的精神与意志，正是这些优秀品质，使历史悠久的中国在逆境中焕发更加强劲的生命力。

We have a large well-trained and relatively low-cost labor force.We have a healthy fiscal balance, a sound financial system and adequate funds.Our system enables us to mobilize the necessary resources for big undertakings.There is harmony and stability in our society.What is more important, we follow a scientific approach to development which puts people first and seeks comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.We are committed to reform, opening-up and win-win progress.We have found the right development path in line with China's national conditions and the trend of our times.Our people are hard-working, persevering and resilient.It is precisely these fine qualities that endow China, a country with a time-honored history, with greater vitality in the face of adversities.同时，中国经济发展的外部环境没有根本改变，求和平、谋发展、促合作是当今世界发展不可阻挡的潮流，国际分工格局调整中蕴藏着新的机遇。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力继续保持经济平稳较快发展，继续为世界经济发展做出积极贡献。

At the same time, there is no fundamental change in the external environment for China's economic growth.The pursuit of peace, development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in today's world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.We have the confidence, conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen, 国际金融危机是一场全球性的挑战，战胜这场危机要靠信心、合作和责任。坚定信心是战胜危机的力量源泉。信念的力量，远比想象的更为强大。国际社会和各国的当务之急，是继续采取一切必要的措施，尽快恢复市场信心。在经济困难面前，各国对世界经济发展的前景有信心，国家领导人和各国人民对自己的国家有信心，企业对投资有信心，个人对消费有信心，比什么都重要。务实合作是战胜危机的有效途径。在经济全球化条件下，大家的命运已紧紧联系在一起，谁也离不开谁。金融危机检验着国际社会加强合作的诚意和水平，考验着我们的智慧。只有加强合作，携手努力，同舟共济，才能有效应对危机。承担责任是战胜危机不可或缺的重要基础。各国政府坚定、勇敢、负责地承担起责任，对于稳定金融秩序、防止危机对实体经济影响加深，十分重要。政治家要有远见卓识，既要对自己的国家和人民负责，也要对国际社会负责。当前，应当抓紧落实20国集团领导人金融市场和世界经济峰会以来达成的广泛共识，不仅要采取更加积极有效的措施渡过当前难关，而且要努力推动建立公正、合理、健康、稳定的世界经济新秩序。为此，我提出以下意见。

The global financial crisis is a challenge for the whole world.Confidence, cooperation and responsibility are key to overcoming the crisis.Confidence is the source of strength.The power of confidence is far greater than what can be imagined.The pressing task for the international community and individual countries is to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible.In times of economic hardships, confidence of all countries in the prospect of global economic development, confidence of leaders and people around the world in their countries, confidence of enterprises in investment and confidence of individuals in consumption are more important than anything else.In tackling the crisis, practical cooperation is the effective way.In a world of economic globalization, countries are tied together in their destinies and can hardly be separated from one another.The financial crisis is a test of the readiness of the international community to enhance cooperation, and a test of our wisdom.Only with closer cooperation and mutual help, can we successfully manage the crisis.To prevail over the crisis, accepting responsibilities is the prerequisite.When governments fulfill their responsibilities with resolution and courage, they can help maintain a stable financial order and prevent the crisis from causing more serious damage on the real economy.Political leaders must be forward-looking.They should be responsible to the entire international community as well as to their own countries and people.It is imperative that we implement the broad agreement reached since the G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy.We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties, but also push for the establishment of a new world economic order that is just, equitable, sound and stable.To this end, I would like to share with you the following ideas.一是深化国际经贸合作，推进多边贸易体制健康发展。历史经验告诉我们，越是危机关头越要坚持开放与合作。贸易保护主义不仅会加大危机的严重程度，还会使危机持续更长时间，是损人不利己的行为。要积极推进贸易投资自由化便利化。中国坚定地支持推动多哈回合谈判早日达成平衡的结果，建立公平、开放的多边贸易体制。作为多边贸易体制的重要补充，积极推进区域经济一体化进程。

First, deepen international economic cooperation and promote a sound multilateral trading regime.Past experience shows that in crisis it is all the more important to stick to a policy of opening-up and cooperation.Trade protectionism serves no purpose as it will only worsen and prolong the crisis.It is therefore necessary to move forward trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.China firmly supports efforts to reach balanced results of the Doha Round negotiations at an early date and the establishment of a fair and open multilateral trading regime.As an important supplement to such a trading regime, regional economic integration should be vigorously promoted.二是推动国际金融体系改革，加快建立国际金融新秩序。这场危机充分暴露了现有国际金融体系和治理结构的缺陷。要加快主要国际金融组织治理结构改革，建立合理的全球金融救助机制，增强履行职责的能力。增加发展中国家在国际金融组织中的发言权和代表性，积极发挥其在维护国际和地区金融稳定等方面的作用。鼓励区域货币金融合作，充分发挥地区资金救助机制作用。稳步推进国际货币体系多元化。

Second, advance the reform of the international financial system and accelerate the establishment of a new international financial order.The current crisis has fully exposed the deficiencies in the existing international financial system and its governance structure.It is important to speed up reform of the governance structures of major international financial institutions, establish a sound global financial rescue mechanism, and enhance capacity in fulfilling responsibilities.Developing countries should have greater say and representation in international financial institutions and their role in maintaining international and regional financial stability should be brought into full play.We should encourage regional monetary and financial cooperation, make good use of regional liquidity assistance mechanisms, and steadily move the international monetary system toward greater diversification.三是加强国际金融监管合作，防范金融风险积聚和扩散。各国金融当局应加强信息交流与沟通，加大对全球资本流动的监测力度，防范金融风险跨境传递。扩大国际金融体系监管的覆盖面，特别要增强对主要储备货币国家的监督，建立及时高效的危机早期预警系统。制定合理有效的金融监管标准，完善会计准则、资本充足要求等各类监督制度。加强对金融机构和中介组织的监管，增强金融市场和各类金融产品透明度。

Third, strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision and regulation and guard against the build-up and spread of financial risks.Financial authorities around the world should step up information sharing and the monitoring of global capital flows to avoid the cross-border transmission of financial risks.We should expand the regulation coverage of the international financial system, with particular emphasis on strengthening the supervision on major reserve currency countries.We should put in place a timely and efficient early warning system against crisis.We should introduce reasonable and effective financial regulatory standards and improve oversight mechanisms in such areas as accounting standards and capital adequacy requirements.We should tighten regulation of financial institutions and intermediaries and enhance transparency of financial markets and products.四是切实保护发展中国家利益，促进世界经济共同发展。国际社会特别是发达国家要承担应尽的责任和义务，尽量减少国际金融危机对发展中国家造成的损害，帮助发展中国家保持金融稳定和经济增长。国际金融组织应该通过放宽贷款条件等措施，及时救助有需要的发展中国家。积极推进国际减贫进程，特别要加大对最不发达国家和地区的援助力度，增强他们的自我发展能力。

Fourth, effectively protect the interests of developing countries and promote economic development of the whole world.The international community, developed countries in particular, should assume due responsibilities and obligations to minimize the damage caused by the international financial crisis on developing countries and help them maintain financial stability and economic growth.International financial institutions should act promptly to assist those developing countries in need through such measures as relaxing lending conditions.We should advance the international poverty reduction process and scale up assistance to the least developed countries and regions in particular with a view to building up their capacity for independent development.五是协同应对全球性问题挑战，建设人类共有的美好家园。面对气候变暖、环境恶化、疫病和自然灾害、能源资源和粮食安全、恐怖主义蔓延等关系人类生存和发展的问题，任何国家都无法置身事外，也难以单独应对，国际社会必须加强合作，共同应对这些挑战。

Fifth, jointly tackle global challenges and build a better home for mankind.Issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, diseases, natural disasters, energy, resources and food security as well as the spread of terrorism bear on the very survival and development of mankind.No country can be insulated from these challenges or meet them on its own.The international community should intensify cooperation and respond to these challenges together.这里，我再次重申，中国将始终不渝地谋求和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展。中国愿意继续与国际社会一道，积极维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济发展，积极应对各种全球性风险和挑战，为实现世界的和谐与可持续发展贡献自己的力量！

I want to reaffirm here China's abiding commitment to peaceful, open and cooperative development.China is ready to work with other members of the international community to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth, tackle various global risks and challenges, and contribute its share to world harmony and sustainable development.女士们，先生们！严冬终将过去，春天就要来临。让我们坚定信心，加强合作，共同推动世界经济新一轮增长！

Ladies and Gentlemen, the harsh winter will be gone and spring is around the corner.Let us strengthen confidence and work closely together to bring about a new round of world economic growth.谢谢大家！

Thank you.用发展的眼光看中国

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of

China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen, 来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我7次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士们，先生们！Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are: 一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士们，先生们！Ladies and Gentlemen, 英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.谢谢大家！Thank you!温家宝在第63届联大一般性辩论上发言

Mr President, 主席先生：

For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which causes grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.Thisgrand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.今年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere toan independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western hina, are under developed.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges, dedicated ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量已经位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些社会问题还比较突出。中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.中国发展靠什么？靠改革开放。今年是中国改革开放30周年。改革开放从根本上改变了中国长期封闭落后和沉闷僵化的状况，打破了束缚人们的思想桎梏，调动了亿万人民群众的积极性，大大解放了生产力，有力地推动了经济社会的大发展，给中国大地带来了蓬勃生机和活力。中国30年的变化，得益于改革开放。中国要实现富强民主文明和谐的现代化目标，仍然要靠改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，也是决定中国未来前途的战略方向。中国坚持改革开放的政策是坚定不移的。中华民族自古以来就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采众长的优秀传统和智慧。今天，中国人更从30年改革开放的切身经验中体会到，只有不断而深入地推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革，才是经济发展和社会进步的永恒动力；只有全面而持久地扩大对外开放，才是国家富强和民族繁荣的正确道路。这不但是实践探索的结论，也是历史经验的总结。Mr.President, 主席先生： The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。

Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firming in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。近代屈辱的历史使中国人民懂得，一个国家丧失主权，人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度和发展道路。

China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the well being of theworld's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.中国愿意在平等互利基础上，同所有国家发展友好关系，不以意识形态和社会制度定亲疏。在国际事务中，我们依照事情本身的是非曲直独立作出判断，根据国家利益和世界人民的福祉决定自己的立场，不盲从，不屈服于任何势力。在国际关系中，中国不结盟，更不当头，而且永远不结盟、不当头。

Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.和平解决国际争端是联合国的宗旨，也是国际法的基本原则。中国坚持以对话和协商的方式处理与其它国家的历史遗留问题和现实分歧。同时，作为联合国安理会常任理事国，中国将一如既往地为推动和平解决国际热点问题和地区冲突发挥积极的建设性作用。

China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral trength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.中国的发展是和平的发展，不会损害任何人，也不会威胁任何人。中国现在不称霸，将来也绝不称霸。中国保持和发展适当的军事力量，完全是为了维护国家主权和领土完整。当代中华民族的自信和荣光是建立在经济发展、社会公正、国民素质和道德力量的基础之上的。中国将以自身的发展促进世界的和平与发展。Mr.President, 主席先生：

In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been soclosely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate warming, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away fromthe difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.The ongoing financial volatility, in particular, has affected many countries and its impact is likely to become more serious.To tackle the challenge, we must all make concerted efforts.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an openmind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter and better future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.在人类漫长的发展史上，世界各国的命运从未像今天这样紧密相连，休戚与共。面对气候变暖、环境恶化、资源紧缺、疫病和自然灾害频发、恐怖主义蔓延等一系列威胁人类生存和发展的全球性问题，面对当前金融、能源、粮食三大难题交织爆发的严峻局面，任何一个国家都无法置身其外，也难以单独应对。特别是当前国际金融动荡，已经波及许多国家，影响还会加剧，各国应当通力合作，迎接挑战。全世界的人们，包括各国的领导者，只要消除敌视、隔阂和偏见，以包容开放的胸怀坦诚相待，携手前行，人类一定会战胜各种困难，也一定会拥有一个更加光明美好的未来。中国作为一个负责的发展中大国，愿与国际社会一道，加强合作，共同分享机遇，应对挑战，为推动实现世界的和谐与可持续发展贡献力量。Thank you.谢谢大家！

第二篇：温家宝讲话

温家宝：关于发展社会事业和改善民生的几个问题

2010年04月01日09:10 来源：《求是》

八、大力推进社会事业领域的改革

改革开放以来，与经济体制改革相适应，我国社会事业领域的改革也一直在向前推进，并取得了重要进展。其标志就是打破了过去完全由国家经办的体制，调动了社会积极性。但是总的看，我国社会事业领域的改革开放仍然相对滞后。比较突出的问题是，政府责任不到位和包揽过多同时并存，该管的没有管到位，该放的没有真正放下去，发挥市场机制、社会资本和民间组织的作用不够，调动各方面积极性的体制机制不健全，社会事业发展的活力不足。这种情况制约了社会事业发展，也制约经济发展。当前公共产品供给不足，公共服务的资源配置不合理、不公平，与社会事业发展滞后有关，也与社会事业领域改革滞后有关。我们必须着眼于促进经济社会协调发展、促进社会公平正义、促进社会和谐稳定的大局，充分认识加快社会事业领域改革的重要性和紧迫性，大力推进社会事业领域的改革，为社会事业加快发展增添新的动力。

从我国社会事业领域改革的历程和经验看，推进社会事业改革开放，必须处理好政府和市场的关系，公平和效率的关系，尽力而为和量力而行的关系。在工作上，要从以下几个方面入手。

第一，把维护社会事业的公益性、保障人民群众基本公共服务需求作为政府的主要职责。社会事业涉及人民群众基本需求和普遍公共利益，公益性是其基本特征。社会事业的公益性一旦受到损害，人民群众的基本需求和权益就得不到保障，社会就会失去起码的公平和正义。在社会主义市场经济条件下，政府的主要职责就是保障人民群众的基本需求、保障公共利益。目前我们在这方面做得还不到位。为此，要进一步转变政府职能，加强公共服务职能，加快健全覆盖全民的基本公共服务体系，推进基本公共服务均等化。在社会事业特别是涉及基本民生方面，包括就业、社保、教育、文化、医药卫生等，都要建立健全保障人民基本需求的制度，这是政府义不容辞的责任。

要强调一点，就是保“基本”需求的标准，要与经济社会发展水平和阶段相适应，随着经济发展、财力增强而逐步提高。既不能滞后也不能超前。滞后了，人民群众的基本需求得不到有效保障，就会产生不满情绪，积累社会矛盾；超前了，财政压力过大或无力支撑，反而不可持续。也就是说，既要尽力而为，又要量力而行。愿望超前和能力滞后永远是一对矛盾。要加快建立健全公共财政体制，调整财政支出结构，投入更多的资金，支持社会事业与经济协调发展。

第二，把应该由社会和市场发挥作用的真正交给社会和市场。社会需求总是呈现多层次和多样性。怎样确定政府的责任范围、划分政府与市场的界限，这是社会事业领域改革必须明确的一个问题。当前各方面反映公共服务领域政府包揽多，社会资本进入难。政府把责任和保障面定得过宽，不仅会降低保“基本”的能力和水平，还会影响社会各方面参与发展社会事业的积极性和活力。各项社会事业都应当区分“基本”和“非基本”。“非基本”的社会事业交给社会和市场，通过发展相关产业，满足多层次、个性化的需求，政府要履行监管责任。现在看，政府办了许多应当交给市场和社会办的事。使用公共资源办高档服务，满足少数人的需求，会加剧分配不公和社会不满。少数人的需求也需要满足，但应当交给社会和市场。这次新医改的最大特点，就是区分“基本”和“非基本”，政府主要保“基本”，包括基本保障、基本医疗、基本公共卫生和基本药物，强调人人有基本保障，人人享有基本医药卫生服务。高档的、选择性的、个性化的医药卫生服务要逐步交给社会办，由市场调节。教育、科技、文化、体育等社会事业都要这样做。对此，思想要解放一点，胆子要大一点，步子要快一点。在社会事业所有领域，都要进一步放宽准入，调动全社会参与的积极性。这样不仅可以为社会资本开辟更大的投资空间，利用社会资本加快社会事业发展，同时也有利于政府集中力量办好该办的事情。

第三，由政府保障的基本公共服务，也要深化改革、提高绩效。在服务提供上，应该更多地利用社会资源，建立购买服务的机制。要逐步做到凡适合面向市场购买的基本公共服务，都采取购买服务的方式；不适合或不具备条件购买服务的，再由政府直接提供。要鼓励社会资本投资建立非营利性公益服务机构。各类社会机构和企业愿意参与基本公共服务的，只要具备资质、符合条件，就应当鼓励进入。政府择优为人民群众购买服务，基本公共服务领域就会逐步形成有序竞争和多元化参与的局面。这样就能有效动员和综合利用社会资源来加强和改善基本公共服务，提高服务质量和效率。

事业单位改革也是下阶段必须努力抓好的一项重要工作。事业单位改革与社会事业发展密切相关，也是公共管理和服务体制改革的重要方面。这项改革已经进行了多年，取得了很大进展。但随着形势发展，一些事业单位的职能和属性已经发生变化，即使仍然从事公益服务的事业单位，管理体制和运行机制不适应新形势的问题也越来越突出。中央准备近期下发一个文件，进一步推动这项改革。主要是按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离原则，积极稳妥地对现有事业单位分类进行改革。将主要承担行政职能的，逐步转为行政机构或将其行政职能划归行政机构；将主要从事生产经营活动的，逐步改制为企业；对面向社会提供公益服务的，要强化公益属性，继续保留，但要改革管理体制、运行机制，探索建立法人治理结构，改革人事制度、收入分配制度、社会保险制度，完善财政支持政策。今后不再设立承担行政职能和主要从事生产经营活动的事业单位。事业单位改革涉及面广、情况复杂，一定要在做好整体规划的基础上，积极稳妥地推进，确保改革中公共服务得到改善，社会事业得到加强，社会保持基本稳定。

（本文系温家宝同志2010年2月4日在省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班上的讲话，发表时作了个别修改。）

第三篇：温家宝讲话

温家宝主持国务院常务会议研究促进中小企业发展

研究确定支持小型和微型企业发展的金融财税政策措施

中国网络电视台消息：国务院总理温家宝12日主持召开国务院常务会议，研究确定支持小型和微型企业发展的金融、财税政策措施。

会议指出，小型和微型企业在促进经济增长、增加就业、科技创新与社会和谐稳定等方面具有不可替代的作用。当前一些小型微型企业经营困难，融资难和税费负担偏重等问题突出，必须引起高度重视。要加强金融服务和财税扶持，主要加大对符合国家产业和环保政策、能够吸纳就业的科技、服务和加工业等实体经济的支持力度，引导和帮助小型微型企业稳健经营、增强盈利能力和发展后劲。

会议研究确定了金融支持小型微型企业发展的政策措施：

（一）加大对小型微型企业的信贷支持。银行业金融机构对小型微型企业贷款的增速不低于全部贷款平均增速，增量高于上年同期水平，对达到要求的小金融机构继续执行较低存款准备金率。商业银行重点加大对单户授信500万元以下小型微型企业的信贷支持。加强贷款监管和最终用户监测，确保用于小型微型企业正常的生产经营。

（二）清理纠正金融服务不合理收费，切实降低企业融资的实际成本。除银团贷款外，禁止商业银行对小型微型企业贷款收取承诺费、资金管理费。严格限制商业银行向小型微型企业收取财务顾问费、咨询费等费用。

（三）拓宽小型微型企业融资渠道。逐步扩大小型微型企业集合票据、集合债券、短期融资券发行规模，积极稳妥发展私募股权投资和创业投资等融资工具。进一步推动交易所市场和场外市场建设，改善小型微型企业股权质押融资环境。积极发展小型微型企业贷款保证保险和信用保险。

（四）细化对小型微型企业金融服务的差异化监管政策。对小型微型企业贷款余额和客户数量超过一定比例的商业银行放宽机构准入限制，允许其批量筹建同城支行和专营机构网点。对商业银行发行金融债所对应的单户500万元以下的小型微型企业贷款，在计算存贷比时可不纳入考核范围。允许商业银行将单户授信500万元以下的小型微型企业贷款视同零售贷款计算风险权重，降低资本占用。适当提高对小型微型企业贷款不良率的容忍度。

（五）促进小金融机构改革与发展。强化小金融机构重点服务小型微型企业、社区、居民和“三农”的市场定位。在审慎监管的基础上促进农村新型金融机构组建工作，引导小金融机构增加服务网点，向辖内县域和乡镇地区延伸机构。

（六）在规范管理、防范风险的基础上促进民间借贷健康发展。有效遏制民间借贷高利贷化倾向，依法打击非法集资、金融传销等违法活动。严格监管，禁止金融从业人员参与民间借贷。对小型微型企业的金融支持，要按照市场原则进行，减少行政干预，防范信用风险和道德风险。

会议研究确定了财税支持小型微型企业发展的政策措施：

（一）加大对小型微型企业税收扶持力度。提高小型微型企业增值税和营业税起征点。将小型微利企业减半征收企业所得税政策，延长至2015年底并扩大范围。将符合条件的国家中小企业公共技术服务示范平台纳入科技开发用品进口税收优惠政策范围。

（二）支持金融机构加强对小型微型企业的金融服务。对金融机构向小型微型企业贷款合同三年内免征印花税。将金融企业中小企业贷款损失准备金税前扣除政策延长至2013年底。将符合条件的农村金融机构金融保险收入减按3%征收营业税的政策，延长至2015年底。

（三）扩大中小企业专项资金规模，更多运用间接方式扶持小型微型企业。进一步清理取消和减免部分涉企收费。

会议要求各地区、各有关部门把支持小型微型企业健康发展作为重要任务，认真制定有关政策措施，切实抓好落实。

第四篇：温家宝总理讲话赏析

讲话稿，是个性鲜明、极具特色的应用文体式。讲话者在特定环境，面对特定的受众，以口头语言演说或答辩，表述个人及其所代表的集体对某些问题的观点。“答记者问”是一种问答形式的讲话。为了达到让人信服的目的，讲话前要做缜密的研究，撰写讲话稿，形成文本。讲话后，再对记录及讲话稿予以修改、润色、公开发表，即是应用文章。

近读

温家宝总理几次面对中外记者的讲话，观点鲜明，事实具体，理正情浓，意趣隽永，平易质朴，睿智幽默，引诗据典，文采斐然，读后印象深刻，颇受教益。

事实具体　证理服人

讲话最忌抽象空洞、言之无物。讲话者照本宣科，索然无味；听者精神涣散，昏昏欲睡。只有用经过筛选的、有针对性的古今中外的事实，来表现意旨，才有说服力，才能生动感人，才能活跃会场气氛，吸引人们的注意力，加深印象，强化效果。温家宝于２００３年１１月２３日在中南海紫光阁接受美国《华盛顿邮报》总编唐尼采访时，为说明中美两国人民友谊与合作历史久远，举了两个事例：“１９世纪６０年代，中国数以万计的华工参加了美国横贯东西部大铁路的修建工作。他们不顾严寒、饥饿和待遇菲薄的恶劣条件，当别的建筑队伍都撤下来的时候，只有中国这支队伍坚持到底。最后一根枕木是由４位华工铺上的。无数人为这个工程献出了生命。１９９１年伊利诺伊州曾经专门派人到上海用３０００个道钉做了个纪念碑。他们说，中国筑路工人的最大贡献就是沟通了美国东西部的大通道，并由此推动了美国的统一，这是一个重要的因素。”温总理先说中国华工在１４０多年前为美国经济建设和统一所做的贡献。为了说明友谊与合作是相互的，又举出美国曾支援中国的一个事例：“上个世纪，１９４２年５月到１９４５年的９月，美国派年轻的飞行员组成‘飞虎队’，飞越著名的‘驼峰’航线，支持中国的反法西斯战争。那是世界上著名的艰难航线，美国几年间大约损失了５００多架飞机，美中两国飞行员牺牲了１５００多人。因为山谷里的飞机碎片在阳光下闪闪发光，人们称之为‘铝谷’。它记载了中美合作的历史。”他用准确、具体、生动的，极有针对性的历史事件，通过唐尼的报道，向美国政府和人民宣传了中美两国过去的美好合作历程，唤起美国领导者与人民对中美两国源远流长的互助友谊的珍惜。事实，只有事实才能产生震撼力，才能说明道理。

谦虚坦诚　情系人民

文如其人。一个人的真实感情，在其讲话与文章中必然会自然流露。虚伪和矫饰虽然也能遮掩一时，但一经推敲、验证，就会真相毕露。文章不是无情物，应用文也是如此，以理服人，以情感人，才能达到预期目的，广为流传。温家宝在十届全国人大一次会议举行中外记者招待会的讲话中，开头就自报家门，坦诚地叙述了自己的身世：“我是一个很普通的人。我出生在农村的一个教育世家。我的祖父，父亲和母亲都是教员。我的孩提时代是在战乱中度过的。战火烧毁了我的家，包括爷爷亲手办的那座小学。旧中国的苦难在我幼小的心灵留下了不可磨灭的印象。”这段话明确表示自己没有显赫的家族，没有权势的背景，没有复杂的裙带关系，但却暗示自己从小就受到良好的教育，艰苦的磨炼，和传统文化的熏陶。一个普通人，一颗平常心，一下子就拉近了与听众的距离，由此媒体才对他冠以“人民总理”、“平民总理”的亲切称号。

谦虚是一种美德。他说：“上届政府在朱镕基总理的领导下，忠实地履行职责，做了大量富有成效的工作，人民是满意的。我们现在的全部工作都是在前任的基础上开始的。前人给我们奠定了很好的基础，但是摆在我们面前还有许多困难和问题，还要我们进行开创性的工作。我总记着一句古训：生于忧患，死于安乐。要居安思危，有备无患。”这与时下某些继任者，下车伊始就全盘否定前任的工作，摆出一副只有他才能挽巨澜于既倒，救黎民于水火的作秀姿态是迥然不同的。

人民的总理就应该时刻牵挂着海内外的同胞骨肉。２ ０ ０ ３年１ ２月温家宝在美国会见华侨华人时动情地说：“祖国想念你们，你们肯定也想念祖国，借用泰戈尔的一句诗：‘无论你走得多么远，你的心总和我连在一起；无论黄昏时树的影子有多长，它总是和树根连在一起。’这是华侨、华人、留学生和祖国的关系。”他还说：“你的眼睛里为什么总是饱含着泪水?芽因为我对这片土地爱得深沉。”这句诗倾诉了他的拳拳深情，旅美北京同乡会会长说：“温总理贴近老百姓，讲贴心话，我们听了非常高兴。”

“为人民服务”不是一句空泛的口号，不是只写在墙上的标语，而应该落在实处。了解人民的欢乐与忧愁，洞察百姓的艰难与困苦，才能解民之忧，助民为乐。“公子笙歌醉玉楼”，高高在上，酒绿灯红，再高吼几声“为人民服务”也是骗人的假话。温家宝在谈到中国改革开放以来取得喜人成绩的同时说：“比如中国的劳动力有７亿４千万，而欧美所有发达国家的劳动力只有４亿３千万。中国每年新增劳

动力１ ０ ０ ０万；下岗和失业人口大约１ ４ ０ ０万；进城的农民工一般保持在１亿２千万。中国面临巨大的就业压力。中国１ ３亿人口有９亿农民，目前没有摆脱贫困的３ ０ ００万左右，这是按每年人均收入６ ２ ５元的标准计算的。大家知道，这个标准是低水平的，如果标准再增加２ ０ ０元，农村贫困人口就是９ ０ ０ ０万。……如果要我说

现在的心情，我觉得身上的担子有千钧重。”此后，他在美国又补充了１个数字： 中国还有６ ０ ０ ０万残疾人需要供养。这些情系人民、为天下之忧而忧的话我们读后心情也有些沉重。温家宝以具体的数字，实话实说，客观全面，对比分析，在肯定成绩的前提下，指出了我们面对的巨大困难，让人们居安思危，知难而进。一组枯燥的数字，流淌出的却是沉甸甸的亲情，传达出一任政府总理肩负的责任。这正是应用文融情于事，寓情于理的特点。无情未必真豪杰，有情文章撼人心。

坚持原则 绵里藏针

讲原则，辩是非，不一定非得拍案而起，咄咄逼人。温家宝说：“大家普遍认为我是一个温和的人。但同时，我又是一个有信念、有主见、敢负责的人。”他对大是大非问题的态度，旗帜鲜明，但表达则比较委婉，形成了他讲话的极具个性的风格。关于台湾问题，他对《华盛顿邮报》的总编说：“台湾是中国神圣的领土，是中国不可分割的一部分。中国任何一届政府都不会放弃和平统一祖国的立场。”“中国人民不惜一切代价，维护祖国的统一。我想你大概熟悉林肯总统的一句话，他在演说中曾经说过，一个‘自相分裂的家庭是站立不住的’，他还说过，美国由各州组成的‘联邦乃是永久性的’。我们不希望事态发展到这一步，因此我们不放弃和平的努力。”这段话表明了对台湾问题的坚定不移的原则立场，尤其是引用美国前总统林肯的话来说明台湾是中国领土的一部分，绝对不容分割的道理，绵里藏针，请君入瓮，不显山、不露水地表现出千钧压顶之势，这种以子之矛，攻子之盾的以柔克刚的说理方法，让人颔首称是。

关于美国对中国某些纺织品的出口设限问题，温总理举重若轻，小中见大：“为了价值仅４亿至５亿美元的纺织品，在未同中国事先商谈的情况下，单方面公布这样的限制措施，应该说十分伤害中国人民的感情。不知道你是不是注意到了国际的反应和专家的反应，这种决策甚至影响到美国市场。我要用中国的一句话，‘不畏浮云遮望眼，只缘身在最高层。’我们应该用登泰山一览众山小的战略眼光来看待我们的经贸合作和其他方面的合作关系。……而不要动辄制裁和限制。那样不仅于事无补，而且会损害两国的利益。我希望纺织品问题能够通过双方协商妥善加以解决。”中国政府总理的宽容、大度，反衬出对方的小气、狭隘。登高望远，挥洒自如，在不经意间，表明了鲜明的立场和灵活协商解决的方法，大国风度尽在其中。

博览群书 挥洒自如

学问，是长期读书学习不断实践积累的结果。日前教育的一大缺憾是文理分家，如同楚河汉界，不少学理工科的学生对祖国的历史文化知识知之甚少，甚至连一封求职信也写不通。而一些学文科的人又多偏重理论知识，死读书，读死书，缺少写作实践，动手能力较弱。而温家宝总理学的是地质专业，他却读了很多古今中外的文史哲书籍。他曾说：“我最大的爱好就是读书。读书伴随着我的整个生活。”他从小养成了读书的习惯，博览群书是一种乐趣。另外，由于工作需要，有针对性地读书，而不是指派秘书抄录、生吞活剥。唐尼问他：“你一定读了很多有关美国的书籍，给你留下深刻印象的是什么?芽”他说：“谈到读了美国的书，我可以跟你讲一个故事，就是我见韩国总统卢武铉时，他说他的就职演说引用了林肯１８６１年的一段演说。我回去翻我书架上有关林肯的书，发现在同样的一段话下，我用铅笔画满了红线。林肯说，记忆的神秘琴弦，从每一个战场和每一个爱国者的坟墓，延伸到这些广阔国土上的每一颗跳动着的心和每一个家庭，它一定会被触动，它一旦被我们天性中善良的性灵所触动，必将奏出联邦的大合唱。我想林肯处理南北战争的态度影响了卢武铉，他希望朝鲜半岛南北和解。”温家宝娓娓道来，既显示了他对知识的渴求，又表现出他把知识化为自己的智慧，联系实际，解决现实问题的才能。

２００３年１２月１０日温家宝在哈佛大学的演讲中，面对众多的学者、学生，讲述中西文化，如数家珍：“昨天的中国，是一个古老并创造了灿烂文明的大国。中国拥有五千年的文明史，中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在２０００多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学者流派。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有许多珍贵品，许多人民和民主性的东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。这些传统美德对家庭、国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。中国的文明曾引起了西方一批著名学者和启蒙思想家的极大兴趣。笛卡儿、莱布尼茨、孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、歌德、康德等，都对中国传统文化有过研究。贵国著名的哲学家、杰出的哈佛人——爱默生先生，也对中国的传统文化情有独钟。”我所以不厌其烦地引述这段话，是想说明，他在美国的高等学府，面对文化层次很高的受众，巧妙地回避用外交辞令直接宣传我国现行的政策和文明评价，而是以极其浓缩、简洁的语言，阐述了中国悠久的传统文化对世界文化发展的积极影响，既有政治性，又有艺术性，获得了大家的好感和敬佩。

他在美国的招待会上，先即兴说了几句有风趣的话，随后换了一副眼镜，笑容可掬地说：“下面开始念我自己写的一篇东西?穴讲稿?雪。”这句看似随意的话，却明确告诉大家，讲稿是自己写的，而不是秘书捉刀。他渊博的知识，源自刻苦学习实践。读书，丰富了知识，充实了生活，应用于工作，事半功倍，也提高了他的文化品味，展示了一个政治家儒雅博学的风度和人格魅力。

温家宝总理的讲话，还有很多值得借鉴的地方。他的讲话或主述、或问答，或长、或短，都构思严密、逻辑清晰，说明他在讲话前做了充分的准备。他在讲话中为了活跃气氛，时不时说一些幽默的话让对方放松。他在任职记者招待会上介绍副总理吴仪时，说她“为我们今天的讲台增加了一点鲜艳的色彩”，会场上引发出会心的笑声。当解答完最后一位记者的讲话后，他微笑地对大家说：“实在抱歉，如果大家中午不吃饭的话，我们还可以再交流下去。”温总理的讲话，彬彬有礼，妙语连珠，幽默风趣，平易近人。一切应用文字，既是解决实际问题的时文，也应该是文采斐然的美文，这是应用文作者不懈追求的境界。温家宝的讲话堪为范例。

第五篇：2011温家宝广交会讲话

金融贸易词汇篇

acceptance policy 核保政策 accounting period 结算期 account payable 应付账 account receivable 应收账 aggregate loss 累积损失 allotment of shares 配股 amortize 摊提，分期偿还债务 appraiser 房产估价师 asking price 卖主的开交加 attendant risk 附属性风险 awash with dollars 美元泛滥

balloon（分期付款中）最后数目特大的一笔 blanket bond 总括保证保险 blue-chip share 蓝筹股

blue-sky law（为防止欺诈而制定的）证券交易管理法规 boom and bust 繁荣与萧条 bourse 交易所，证券交易所 captive pools 自保组合 claim-prone 容易出险 claims assistance 理赔协助

closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金 collateralized debts obligation 抵押担保债券 commodity derivatives 商品衍生品 convertible bond 可转换债券 credit default swap 信用违约掉期 debt-for-equity swap 债券转股权 decoupling theory 全球脱钩理论 default and delinquency rate 违约率 deficit-ridden government 负债累累的政府 deposit premium 预付保费 discount rate 贴现率 dividend 红利，股息 economic malaise 经济不景气

erode shares of market 削减市场份额 exit the crisis 走出危机 Fannie Mae 房利美

financial fall-out 金融问题 fraudulent loans 贷款欺诈 fund custodian bank 基金托管银行 get off on the beaten track 打破常规 hedge against any risks 对冲风险 jumbo budget 庞大预算

温家宝第110届广交会开幕式的讲话（双语）

中国面向世界的大门将永远敞开

China Will Keep its Door Open Forever ——温家宝总理在第110届中国进出口商品交易会开幕式暨中国加入世界贸易

组织10周年论坛上的讲话--Speech by Premier Wen Jiabao at Opening Ceremony of the 110th Session of the China Import and Export Fair and the Forum on the Tenth Anniversary

of China’s Accession to the WTO

2011年10月14日，广州 October 14, 2011 Guangzhou

各位来宾，各位朋友，女士们，先生们： Distinguished guests, Dear friends, Ladies and Gentlemen, 今天我们欢聚一堂，共同庆祝第110届中国进出口商品交易会（广交会）隆重开幕。我对各位嘉宾表示热烈欢迎，对长期以来为中国外贸事业发展做出贡献的各界人士表示崇高敬意！

Today we are joyfully gathered here to celebrate the opening of the 110th session of the China Import and Export Fair, known as the Canton Fair.I wish to begin by extending my warmest welcome to all the distinguished guests present, and paying my high tribute to the people from all circles who have made contribution to the development of China’s foreign trade over the years.广交会是中国政府在1957年创办的。50多年来，广交会顺应时势变化，不断创新办展理念和办展方式，不断优化参展企业和参展商品，始终保持着旺盛的生命力和蓬勃的发展势头，成为中国历史最久、规模最大、声誉最佳的国际著名展会，成为中国对外贸易发展的缩影。一部广交会的历史，就是一部生动的新中国对外开放史。

The first Canton Fair was held in 1957 by the Chinese government.For more than 50 years, the Canton Fair has adapted itself to the changing world by constantly innovating its exhibition concept and modality and improving the quality of participating enterprises and commodities, thus maintaining its vigor and growth momentum.It has become the longest-standing international exhibition in China with the largest participation and the best reputation, as well as the microcosm of the development of China’s foreign trade.The history of the Canton Fair is indeed the history of New China’s openness coming alive.展望未来，随着中国经济快速发展和改革开放不断推进，广交会面临更加广阔的发展前景。我们相信，广交会一定会办得更具特色、更上水平、更有成效，为促进我国对外贸易发展做出更大的贡献。Looking ahead, with China’s rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Canton Fair is faced with an even broader prospect of development.We are confident that the Fair will be elevated to higher levels with greater effectiveness and more of its unique styles, thus making a greater contribution to China’s thriving trade with the rest of the world.女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen, 再过两个月，我们就将迎来中国加入世贸组织10周年，这是中国对外开放进程中值得纪念的大事。如果说创办广交会是中国向世界打开了一扇窗，那么加入世贸组织就是中国向世界开启了一扇门；如果说创办广交会是中国向世界伸出一只手，那么加入世贸组织就是中国拥抱整个世界。

In two months’ time, China will mark the 10th anniversary of its accession to the World Trade Organization, a momentous event in China’s opening to the outside world.If we describe the Canton Fair as a window China opened to the world, then the accession to the WTO can be seen as a door China opened to the world.If we describe the Canton Fair as China extending a hand to the world, then its WTO membership is its full embrace of this world.加入世贸组织10年来，中国的面貌发生了重大变化，中国对外经贸关系发生了重大变化，中国在世界大家庭中的地位和作用也发生了重大变化。回顾这10年历史，我们可以得出三个重要结论：

Over the past ten years since WTO accession, China has undergone stupendous changes, so have its trade relations with the outside world and its standing and role in the world family of nations.Looking back, we may draw three important conclusions.第一，中国是说话算数的国家，兑现了加入世界贸易组织时作出的郑重承诺。First, China is a country that honors its words and has fulfilled all its solemn commitments upon WTO accession.10年来，我们全面履行诺言，逐步降低进口产品的关税税率，取消所有进口配额、许可证等非关税措施，全面放开对外贸易经营权，大幅降低外资准入门槛。中国关税总水平由15.3%降至9.8%，远远低于发展中国家的平均水平；中国服务贸易开放部门达到100个，接近发达国家的水平。

Over the decade, we have completely fulfilled our commitments by gradually lowering tariffs on imported goods, abolishing all import quotas, licenses and other non-tariff measures, liberalizing access to foreign trade operation, and substantially reducing the threshold for foreign investment.China’s overall tariff rate has gone down from 15.3% to 9.8%, far lower than the average of developing countries.One hundred service trade sectors have been opened, which is the level close to the developed countries.我们在扩大市场开放的同时，还致力于提高对外开放政策的稳定性、透明度和可预见性。10年来，中央政府共清理各种法律法规和部门规章2300多件，地方政府共清理地方性政策和法规19万多件，使国内涉外经济法律法规与我国加入世贸组织承诺相一致。

While making our market increasingly accessible, we have strived to ensure the stability, transparency and predictability of our opening policy.In ten years, China’s central government has sorted out more than 2,300 pieces of laws, decrees and departmental regulations, with the local governments sorting out over 190,000 pieces of local policies and regulations, thus making China’s domestic laws and regulations on foreign economic relations consistent with its WTO accession commitments.第二，中国是勇于担当的国家，积极承担着与自身发展水平相称的国际责任。Second, China is a responsible country that has actively shouldered international responsibilities commensurate with the level of its development.10年来，中国坚定支持世贸组织多哈回合谈判，积极参与国际宏观经济政策协调，参与20国集团等全球经济治理机制建设，推动国际金融体系改革，以实际行动反对贸易保护主义。在国际金融危机蔓延的时候，我国及时实施强有力的内需刺激政策，组织30多个大型采购团赴海外采购，我国进口和对外投资加快增长，为世界经济复苏做出了重要贡献。中国是最早制定并实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家，也是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家之一。中国认真落实联合国千年发展目标，是全球唯一提前实现贫困人口减半的国家，并根据自身能力积极开展对外援助。近10年累计对外提供各类援款1700多亿元人民币，免除50个重债穷国近300亿元人民币到期债务，承诺对最不发达国家95%以上的输华产品实行零关税，为173个发展中国家和13个地区性国际组织培训各类人员6万多名，显著增强了受援国的自主发展能力。

Over the decade, China has firmly supported the WTO Doha Round negotiations, taken an active part in international macro-economic policy coordination, participated in the development of the G20 and other global economic governance mechanisms, promoted reform of international financial system and taken concrete steps against trade protectionism.At the time of raging international financial crisis, China adopted timely and forceful policies to stimulate domestic demand, sent more than 30 large buying missions abroad, and stepped up import and outbound investment, thus making important contribution to world economic recovery.China was the first developing country to formulate and implement a National Climate Change Program, and has been among the champions in recent years in terms of strong efforts of energy conservation and emission reduction.Earnestly implementing the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of the United Nations, China is the only country in the world that has reduced its poor population by half ahead of schedule, and has actively offered foreign aid as its ability permits.In ten years, China has altogether provided over 170 billion RMB yuan in foreign assistance and exempted nearly 30 billion RMB yuan of matured debts incurred by 50 heavily indebted poor countries.What is more, China has pledged zero-tariff treatment to over 95% of imports from the least developed countries, and trained over 60,000 personnel from 173 developing countries and 13 regional organizations.All this has significantly built up the capacity of the recipient countries for independent development.第三，中国是致力于共同发展的国家，始终奉行平等互利、合作共赢的对外开放政策。

Third, China is dedicated to common development while always pursuing an opening-up policy based on equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.加入世贸组织对中国的积极影响是巨大而深远的。最显著的是，极大地促进了我国开放型经济发展，提升了我国经济的整体竞争力。10年来，中国货物贸易额由世界第六位上升到第二位，其中出口跃居第一位；累计吸收外商直接投资7595亿美元，居发展中国家首位；对外直接投资年均增长40%以上，2010年当年已达688亿美元，居世界第五位。各个产业在激烈的国际竞争中经受了考验。加入世贸组织给中国人民带来许多看得见、摸得着的好处，更重要的是开阔了人们的视野，改变了人们的思想观念，促进了中国体制改革和制度创新，大大增强了中国发展的内在动力。

The accession to the WTO has had huge and far-reaching impacts on China, the most obvious one being that China’s open economy receives a great boost for development and its overall competitiveness improves.During the decade, China rose from the sixth to the second place in the world in terms of volume of trade in goods with export ranking the first.FDI totaled US$759.5 billion, the highest among developing countries.Overseas direct investment reached US$68.8 billion in 2010, the fifth largest in the world, which represented an average annual growth of over 40%.Our various industries have weathered the fierce international competition.The WTO membership has brought the Chinese people many tangible benefits.More importantly, it has widened the horizon of our people, changed their way of thinking and promoted China’s structural reform and institutional innovation, thus enhancing the inherent drive for China’s future development.中国加入世贸组织也为世界各国带来了实实在在的利益。这10年，中国每年平均进口7500亿美元的商品，相当于为贸易伙伴创造1400多万个就业岗位。在华外商投资企业累计汇出利润2617亿美元，年均增长30%。中国对外投资企业聘用当地员工接近80万人，每年在当地纳税超过100亿美元。中国物美价廉的商品为国外消费者带来了巨大实惠，由于进口中国商品，美国消费者过去10年共节省开支6000多亿美元，欧盟每个家庭每年可以节省开支300欧元。

China’s WTO accession has also brought tangible benefits to many countries around the world.During the decade, China imported US$750 billion worth of goods each year on average and created more than 14 million jobs for its trading partners.Foreign invested enterprises in China remitted a total of US$261.7 billion in profits, representing an average annual growth of 30%.Chinese enterprises operating overseas employed nearly 800,000 people locally and paid over US$10 billion in taxes every year.The quality and affordable Chinese products have benefited consumers from around the world.During the decade, thanks to imported goods from China, American consumers saved more than US$600 billion in spending.Every family in the EU saved up to 300 euros every year by the same token.实践证明，中国扩大对外开放，惠及13亿中国人民，也惠及世界各国人民。中国的发展，是和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展、共赢的发展。中国加入世贸组织大家庭，是中国的成功，也是世界的成功！

Facts have shown that a more open China has benefited not only the 1.3 billion people of China, but also the people around the world.China’s development is peaceful, open, cooperation-based and win-win-oriented.A WTO family with China on board is a success story for both China and the world.女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen, 当今世界是开放的世界，经济全球化和科技革命为各国提供了互利合作、共同发展的有利条件。要开放、不要封闭，要发展、不要停滞，是大势所趋、人心所向。特别是在应对国际金融危机冲击的过程中，发展国际贸易、促进国际投资成为推动世界经济复苏的关键因素。令人忧虑的是，受种种因素干扰，全球多边贸易体系发展坎坷，多哈回合谈判一波三折、徘徊不前，贸易投资保护主义明显抬头，反倾销、反补贴等贸易救济措施屡遭滥用，贸易摩擦政治化倾向日益突出，给世界经济复苏蒙上浓厚的阴影。The present-day world is an open one with economic globalization and revolution in science and technology creating conditions favorable for countries to engage in mutually beneficial cooperation geared to common development.It has become the general trend and desire of the people for the world to stay open and keep developing rather than become closed and stagnant.Moreover, as we are in the middle of resisting the international financial crisis, promoting trade and investment among countries holds the key to early world economic recovery.What worries us is that due to various factors, the development of global multilateral trading regime is anything but smooth sailing.The Doha Round negotiations have bogged down, trade and investment protectionism is raising its head with frequent abuses of anti-dumping, countervailing and other trade remedies, and the tendency of politicizing trade frictions has become more salient.All this has cast a dark shadow over world economic recovery.历史经验证明，自由、开放、公正的国际贸易，能够促进社会分工，提高劳动效率，扩大市场规模，增加就业机会，符合世界各国的根本利益；相反，贸易保护主义只会拖累世界经济复苏步伐，最终受损的是各国人民。在当前国际金融市场急剧动荡、世界经济不稳定和不确定因素显著增加、主要经济体复苏步伐明显放缓的关键时刻，国际社会应当携起手来，同舟共济，以更大的诚意和决心进一步扩大市场开放，以更加鲜明的态度和行动共同抵制形形色色的保护主义，以更加理性的办法妥善处理国际贸易摩擦。惟有这样，才能尽快驱散国际金融危机的阴霾，才能增强国际社会抵御各种风险的能力，才能实现世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。

History shows that international trade that is free, open and fair can improve division of labor, increase productivity, enlarge the marketplace and expand employment, which serves the fundamental interests of all countries.Trade protectionism, conversely, can only drag the feet of the world economic recovery and hurt people of all countries in the end.At this critical juncture characterized by volatile international financial markets, rising economic instability and uncertainty and marked slowdown of recovery of major economies, the international community should join hands and work closely together to open their markets still wider with greater sincerity and determination, reject protectionism of all forms and manifestations with a clear-cut attitude and concrete actions, and find proper and more rational solutions to trade frictions.That is the only way to break the spell of the global financial crisis, improve the risk preparedness of the international community, and achieve strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy.坚定不移地实施对外开放的基本国策和互利共赢的开放战略，是中国人民作出的自主抉择。我们从自身发展的经验教训中深深懂得“关起门来搞建设是不能成功的”。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡，科学技术相对落后，经济体制和政治体制还不完善，是我们的基本国情。这就需要不断解放思想，与时俱进，以无比坚定的决心和勇气继续推进改革开放，以海纳百川的胸襟学习借鉴国外一切文明成果。今天的中国，扩大开放的基础更加牢固，条件更加成熟，人民群众的意愿更加强烈，对外开放的道路越走越宽广。我们刚刚制定了“十二五”规划，明确提出实行更加积极主动的开放战略，清楚地表达了中国政府和人民坚持对外开放的巨大勇气和决心。

Our state policy of unswervingly opening to the outside world and our win-win strategy of opening-up are the free choices made by our people.We have learned from our own experience, including bitter lessons that one cannot succeed in development behind closed doors.China is still a developing country with a big population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, relative backwardness in science and technology, and far from complete economic and political institutions.These are our basic national conditions.That is why we need to constantly free our mind, keep pace with the times, press ahead with reform and opening-up with rock-solid determination and courage and strive to draw on the achievements of all civilizations with an open mind.Thanks to much improved conditions for opening-up and even greater support from the people, China’s opening to the outside world is promised with a bright future.The recently-formulated 12th Five-Year Plan has clearly outlined a more proactive opening strategy, which gives expression to the tremendous courage and resolve of the government and people of China for continued opening-up.——我们将把扩大进口与稳定出口结合起来，努力促进国际收支基本平衡。中国始终坚持开放的贸易政策，既重视出口，也重视进口，不刻意追求贸易顺差。五年前，广交会更名为中国进出口商品交易会，增加了进口展区，就是中国促进平衡增长的最好诠释。经过我们的努力，中国进出口正朝着更加平衡的方向发展，2009年贸易顺差比上年减少1000亿美元，2010年又进一步减少126亿美元，预计今年顺差占GDP的比重将下降到3%以内。今后5年中国进口总规模有望超过8万亿美元，这将给世界各国带来更多商机。我们愿意加强与主要顺差来源国的金融与经济合作，用发展的办法逐步解决贸易不平衡问题。我们也希望有关国家尽快承认中国市场经济地位，放松高新技术产品对中国出口管制，为双边贸易平衡发展创造条件。

----We will combine expanding import with stabilizing export in an effort to make our international payments more balanced.China follows an open trade policy, emphasizing both export and import and refraining from pure trade surplus.Five years ago, the Canton Fair changed its name to the China Import and Export Fair and added the International Pavilion, which is a remarkable testimony to China’s desire for a balanced growth in trade.Thanks to our efforts, China’s import and export have been moving towards greater balance.For example, our trade surplus in 2009 went down by US$100 billion compared with the previous year.It further went down by US$12.6billion in 2010.This year, the share of trade surplus in GDP is expected to come under 3%.By our estimate, China’s total import in the next five years will top US$8 trillion, which will offer a lot more opportunities for businesses around the world.We are ready to strengthen financial and economic cooperation with countries that have substantial trade deficit with China and resolve the issue of trade imbalance gradually in the course of continued development of trade.We also hope that relevant countries will lose no time in recognizing China’s market economy status and relax their control on high-and new-tech exports to China so as to create conditions for a more balanced growth of trade.——我们将把吸收外资与对外投资结合起来，拓展国民经济的发展空间。中国的资金和外汇比较充裕，这是我们的发展优势，但不能忽视利用外资的作用，国际投资中搭载的技术创新能力、管理经验和市场机会，不是用钱就能买到的。我们将一如既往地欢迎各国投资者来中国兴业，特别是到中西部地区投资。更加重视引进先进技术、人才和智力资源，更加重视保护知识产权。继续为国内外各类市场主体营造开放的法制环境、政策环境和市场环境，清理相关法律、规章和其他政策措施，确保与世贸规则相一致。我们将加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励有条件、守信誉的各类企业对外投资，重视开展有利于改善不发达国家民生和增强自主发展能力的合作，注意承担社会责任和义务，造福当地人民。

----We will combine absorbing foreign investment with investing abroad in an effort to enlarge to room for economic development.China is now relatively rich in capital and foreign exchange reserves, which is an advantage of China’s development.But we must not overlook the role of foreign capital.The technological innovation, managerial expertise and market opportunities that are often associated with foreign investment are not what one can buy with money.We will continue to welcome investors from all countries to China, especially to the central and western parts of the country.We will attach greater importance to bringing into China advanced know-how, human talents and intellectual resources and to protecting intellectual property rights.We will continue to cultivate an open legal, policy and market environment for all types of market entities at home and abroad by sorting out relevant Chinese laws, regulations, policies and measures and ensuring their consistence with the WTO rules.We will speed up the implementation of the “going global” strategy, encourage more capable and credible Chinese firms to invest overseas, pay attention to the cooperation schemes aimed at improving the livelihood of the underdeveloped countries and enhancing their capacity for independent development, and stress the need to undertake relevant social responsibilities in the interest of the local communities.——我们将把深化沿海开放与扩大内陆和沿边开放结合起来，进一步优化区域开放格局。沿海地区要加快培育新的国际竞争优势，由世界工厂向研发设计、品牌营销和服务外包基地转变，由国际产业链低端向产业链高端发展。内陆地区要发挥资源和劳动力丰富的比较优势，着力改善投资环境，积极承接国际产业和沿海产业转移，培育高水平的加工制造基地。沿边地区要充分发挥地缘优势，实行特殊的开放政策，加快重点口岸、边境城市、边境经济合作区和重点开发开放实验区建设，努力提高对外开放的水平。

----We will combine deepening openness in the coastal areas with greater openness in the hinterland and border areas in an effort to further improve China’s regional opening-up layout.The coastal areas must accelerate the development of new international competitive edge, transforming the themselves from being a world factory to being a base for R&D, design, brand marketing and service outsourcing, and moving up the international value chain.The hinterland areas should bring out their comparative advantages of rich natural resources and labor, work hard to improve their investment environment, actively receive relocated industries from overseas and China’s coastal areas and build up more high-caliber manufacturing and processing bases.The border areas should give full play to their geographical advantages, put in place special opening-up policies, speed up the building of major ports, border cities, border economic cooperation zones and key development and opening-up experimental zones with a view to increasing to overall level of openness.——我们将把经济领域开放与其他领域开放结合起来，以开放促改革促发展促创新。经济领域依然是我国对外开放的基础和重点。我们将稳步扩大服务业对外开放，继续推进人民币汇率形成机制改革，扩大人民币跨境使用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换。同时，我们也将积极扩大教育、科技、文化、卫生等领域的对外交流与合作，在扩大开放中促进我国社会事业改革与发展。

----We will combine openness in economic field with openness in other fields in an effort to promote reform, development and innovation.Economy remains the basis and key priority of China’s opening-up program.We will take steady steps to widen the openness of our service industry, keep up the reform in the RMB exchange rate forming mechanism, expand the cross-border use of RMB and gradually make RMB convertible under the capital account.At the same time, we will step up exchanges and cooperation with other countries in education, science, technology, culture, health and other areas so as to promote reform and development of China’s social programs through ever enlarged openness.——我们将把向发达国家开放与向发展中国家开放结合起来，扩大同各方利益的汇合点。中国与发达国家处于不同的发展阶段，经济互补性强，互利合作前景广阔。要加强战略对话，增进战略互信，拓宽合作领域，妥善处理经贸摩擦。广大发展中国家蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力，是我国实施市场多元化战略和“走出去”战略的重点。无论是富国还是穷国，无论实行何种社会制度，我们都愿意在平等互利基础上与他们开展经贸合作。----We will combine opening to the developed countries with opening to the developing countries in an effort to expand the convergence of interests with all parties.China and the developed countries are at different stages of development with strong economic complementarities and broad prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation.It is necessary for both sides to step up strategic dialogue, increase strategic trust, broaden areas of cooperation and properly handle their trade frictions.The developing countries are blessed with an enormous potential for development and they occupy an important position in China’s market diversification and “going global” strategies.We are ready to engage in economic cooperation with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, irrespective of their wealth or social systems.——我们将把多边开放与双边开放结合起来，继续在国际经济体系中发挥建设性作用。我们愿意以更加积极的姿态，参与多边经贸事务和全球性问题治理，与世界各国一道，共同分享发展机遇，共同应对各种挑战。我们也愿意继续推动区域合作进程，积极与有关国家和地区商建自由贸易区。我愿再次呼吁，各方应坚持世贸组织多哈回合谈判的发展授权，关注最不发达国家利益，在锁定既有成果的基础上，务实推进谈判进程。中方始终是支持谈判的积极力量，衷心期待谈判早日取得实质性成果。

----We will combine openness in the multilateral context with openness in the bilateral context while continuing to play a constructive role in the international economic system.We are ready to engage more actively in multilateral economic and trade affairs and management of global issues, sharing out development opportunities with other countries and taking on the challenges together.We are also ready to push forward regional cooperation process and explore the possibility of establishing free trade areas with relevant countries and regions.I wish to take this opportunity to repeat my call for all parties to uphold the development mandate of the WTO Doha Round negotiations, pay attention to the interests of the least developed countries and advance the negotiations in a results-oriented way on the basis of locking in the existing outcomes.China has always been supportive of the negotiations and sincerely looks forward to substantive outcomes at an early date.女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen, 中国对外开放30多年来的实践告诉我们：只有开放兼容，国家才能富强，人民才能过上幸福美好的生活。我们要倍加珍惜和维护对外开放的成果，将对外开放贯穿于我国现代化建设全过程，奋力把对外开放的伟大事业推向前进，为建设一个富强民主文明和谐的国家、为世界的繁荣发展和文明进步不懈努力！China’s opening to the outside world in the past 30 years and more tells us that only an open and inclusive country can be strong and prosperous and achievements in opening-up, keep the policy in place throughout our modernization process, vigorously move the great cause forward and work tirelessly to build a prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious China and to ensure prosperity, development and progress in the world.谢谢大家！Thank you.