陶瓷专业术语释义[五篇材料]

第一篇：陶瓷专业术语释义

陶瓷专业术语释义

1、陶瓷砖：由粘土或其它无机物非金属原料，经成型、烧结等工艺处理，用于装饰与保护建筑物、构筑物墙面及地面的板状或块状陶瓷制品，也可称为陶瓷饰面砖。

2、吸水率：是用来描述陶瓷产品吸水程度的一个名词。对于抛光砖来说吸水率越低，对陶瓷产品其它性能的提高越有帮助，如强度致密度等都有随吸。水率的降低而有不同程度的提高。

3、放射性：经国家检测机构检验认证为无放射性污染，属无毒害绿色环保产品。

4、防污性：陶瓷表面染上污物，如果越容易清洗掉，防污性能越好。防污性能的测定是用标准的易产生痕迹的污染物涂在砖面上，过一 定时间后用不同种类的清洗剂来清洗，从而确定陶瓷砖面的防污效果。完全不会被污染的陶瓷是没有的，因此，陶瓷表面受到污染后，我们宜采用合适的清洗剂来清洗，如漂白粉、洗衣粉、丙酮、盐酸溶液、氢氧化钾溶液等都是常用清洗剂。

5、耐化学腐蚀性：是指瓷砖对化学物质（如：酸、碱、盐等）侵蚀的抵抗能力。耐化学性能好，即使长期处于酸性或碱性环境下，瓷砖也不会有什么损坏而降低使用功能。提高耐化学腐蚀性，就可以延长瓷砖在自然状态下的使用寿命。

6、光泽度：是指瓷砖抛光面反光能力的强弱，光泽度越高，反光能力越强，其表面看起来越像一面镜子，光可鉴人。

7、表面平整度：是指瓷砖表面的水平程度，表面越平整，铺贴效果就越好。当瓷砖表面平整度达到一定标准时，正确的留缝铺贴后就不会有拱起或凹下去现象。

第二篇：酒店专业术语释义Hotel Terminology

Hotel Terminology

 Advance Payment Money requested by the receptionist at the Check – In from a guest who has not made an advance reservation and who is unable to produce any of the credit cards accepted by the Hotel. Amenity A gift for the guest with compliments of the Hotel.Liquor, fruit basket, etc. Authorization Approval Code A code given by credit card company to the hotel to indicate that they have extended credit limit for one of its cardholder. Average Transient Rate(ATR)Average rate per occupied room, total rooms revenue divided by hotel transient rooms(excluding permanent revenue producing, temporary house use and complimentary rooms)

 Accommodation Description of bed – type and location of a particular room

 Adjoining Room Adjacent rooms that are not serviced by a connecting room

 Advance Deposit Money requested by the guest services Assistants at Check – In of a guest who did not make an advance reservation and who is unable to produce any of the credit cards accepted by Shangri – la Hotels and Resorts. Allotment Certain number of rooms allocated to travel agents for freesale purpose

 Arrival Date of Check – In. Arrivals – Guests Number of room check – ins for the period. Available rooms Total number of units excluding permanent House use rooms. Average House Rate(AHR)Total rooms revenue divided by total occupied rooms(including permanent , house – use and complimentary rooms.)

 Average length of stay Represents the average number of days of a guest stay i.e.total guests divided by arrivals. Average Room Rate(ARR)Total rooms revenue divided by total number of revenue rooms(excluding temporary house – use and complimentary rooms)

 Back of the house Parts of the hotel with which the guest does not normally come into contact with i.e.personnel, housekeeping, Engineering, Accounts, etc. Brunch A meal served after breakfast but before lunch and taking the place of both. Bed types Double : 48-54 X 80 or smaller Twin: 42 X 80 or smaller Queen: 60 X 80 or smaller King: 72-80 X 80 or smaller

 Billing instructions Specific instructions related to the settlement mode of guest’s charges. Block Room or rooms that are being hold for the guest on a certain date. Booked to capacity Refers to a situation when the hotel has accepted the maximum number of reservations and is unable to take any more without being placed in an overbooked situation. Boot This refers to the procedure followed when computer are changing systems packs or re-initializing the system to ensure that memory is reset before beginning a new program. Bucket The space allocated for printed folios, located at cashier stations. Car claim check An indication tag for the guest car that parked in the Hotel premises. Cash paid out Monies disbursed for guests, either loans or advance and charged to their accounts. City ledger A ledger of an account which is not paid at the front office cashier but transferred to the accounts department. Credit Card The card that a guest may use to charge hotel services.I.e.American Express, Dinner’s club, Visa, Master etc. Cash basis The guest pays for the room, service and tax for the duration of his stay upon checking into the hotel.No facilities are provided by the hotel for charging other items to his account i.e. Check – in Guest arrives and registers in, Date of guest ’s arrival and registration. Check – out Guest depart and settles the bill, Date of guest’s departure and vacating room

 Check – out print out A print out of bills for the guest perusal before he settles the amount stated either by cash or credit card. Cash Credit Written verification of cash received from a guest and applied to his account

 Cancellation A reservation which is no longer required by the client.City hotels: non guaranteed reservations will be released by 18:00 on day of arrival.For guaranteed reservations, no charge will be levied if booking is cancelled before 18:00 of scheduled arrival. Check – out time Time designated by hotel for guest to vacate his room at completion of stay, Check out time m normally is 12:00 noon. Commissions Money sent to travel agents as payment for sending guest to a hotel.It is based on a percentage of the room rate(usually 10%), excluding service charge and prevailing government taxes. Complimentary Rooms given free for business promotion purposes(e.g.familiarization groups and travel agents);rooms accorded to Hotel employee for leisure in accordance with corporate office policy guidelines;group room concessions.These free of charge rooms must be authorized by General Manager / Resident Manager / Director of marketing. Confidential stay Guest requesting for his stay to be “unlisted” or “not registered”. Confirmation A written agreement from a hotel to a future guest, showing details of the reserved accommodation. Connecting Adjacent rooms that are serviced by connecting door. Contracted rates Specially negotiated room or meal rates or package rates between a company(usually travel agents or airlines)and the hotel for a specific duration.These rates are often confidential. Convention / Associations Meeting group of 10 rooms or more booked by an organization either directly or through a convention organizer.Includes exhibitions. Convertible parlors Sitting room with sleeping room furniture.Sofa converts into a bed. Corporate meetings Meeting group of 10 rooms or more booked by a corporation but not for incentive purposes. Credit refund A refund of cash deposit which was obtained from guest upon check in.guest is to acknowledge receipt of the credit balance on the system generated paid out voucher.Refunds of all other credit balance e.g.prepayment / deposit paid by travel agents / companies should only be issued by the accounting department. Crib

A baby bed or baby cot

 Cut – off date Designated day when meeting planner(upon request)must release or add to function room or bed – room commitment;standard practice is minimum of 30 days prior to meeting date.For most group, rooming lists should be sent to the hotel at least two weeks prior to arrival. Daily Report A set of reports prepared for management by the midnight shift daily.These reports on hotel statistics are used by management in their daily planning, forecasting and marketing. D.N.A Did not arrive when accommodation reserved. D.N.D A special request by guest who did not wish to be disturbed. Double Locked Door is secured from inside by guest and cannot be opened by room attendant supervisor.It can be double locked by Assistant Manager and Security offing the numberce for a special reason. Downgrade Moving a guest to a lower category room and decreasing his rate. Double rooming When two unrelated guests are mistakenly accommodated in the same room. Due in Numbers of expected guests / rooms for the day. Due out Room expected to be vacated. Duplicate folio Folio that has several copies duplicated for control purpose i.e.guest folio, deposit receipt, room bills etc. Day use rooms Rooms only used during the day but not for overnight.In calculating the number of rooms used for occupancy.A room that is used twice in the same day is counted as being only used once. Day rate Amount charged for accommodation used during the day, but not overnight, usually at 50% off rack rate. Dead move Room change when guest is not in room.To be carried out in the presence of a senior staff, preferably a lobby guest services manager or a security officer. Definite status Rooms which are confirmed and taken out of general inventory

 Departure Date of check out

 Departures guests Number of guest check outs for the period. Departure rooms Number of room check outs for the period

 Did not check out A condition where a room is found vacant, but the guest did not settle his account prior to leaving hotel. Direct bill A pre-arranged process approved by credit of sending the guest’s bill to a company / travel agent after he has check out. Discount Percentage taken off from rack room rate, e.g.corporate rate, travel agent rate, airline rate …etc. Extension stay Authorized change of departure dates. Extra bed A portable single bed which can accommodate an additional guest.Also known as rollaway bed or(RWB)

 Float The amount of cash a cashier has at his / her disposal for the day

 Front of the house Those parts of the hotel facility with which the guest comes in direct contact i.e.Front Office, Food and Beverage department. Family plan No additional charge for children under 18 years occupying the same room as the parents or guardians.Single rate to apply per room if two or more rooms are taken. Forecast Daily, weekly, monthly projection of rooms to be occupied.Report showing projected availability for determined lengths of time. Guest folio

Statement of the guest’s hotel charges

 GNR(guest name record)This is your guest reservation record which includes guest name, hotel accommodations, arrival information, address and any other pertinent information. Group others Government, military or embassy / consulate booking of 10 more e.g.trade delegations.Other group business i.e.airline crew, sports team, film crews, social functions, etc. Guaranteed Refers to a reservation that has been guaranteed.This means that the guest plans on arriving after 18:00pm and has guaranteed to pay should be fail to arrive.The hotel will hold the room all night, and if the guest does not arrive, he will be charged.In the event that the guest guaranteed and the hotel done not have space when he arrives, the hotel will find alternative accommodation at a similar hotel and pay for it. Guest history Records showing details of guest’s previous visits to our hotel e.g.address, length of stay, credit cards used, room preference, smoking or no smoking, etc. Guest type code Differentiates amongst various types of guests to allow for delivery of specific amenities and services. Hot card A credit card which has been reported lost or stolen

 Hold for arrival Holding the items that arrived in advance before the guest check in. House use rooms Non-revenue producing guestrooms occupied either on a permanent or temporary basis under the following conditions:  Permanent house use House use by staff living in the hotel for a minimum period of 6 months.Covered into offices for hotel management use. Temporary house use Rooms provided on a complimentary basis to members of staff for temporary use of less than 6 months, to consultants / suppliers for business purposes relating to the hotel and entertainers contracted to perform at the hotel outlets, all house use room requests must be authorized by General Manager / Resident Manager and the respective division Head. House count / status This term indicates the occupancy of the hotel at any time of the day, expressed in either actual rooms or a percentage. Housekeeping The department responsible for cleaning public areas and guest rooms. In-house guest All guest that are registered with the hotel

 Incentives

Group organized and paid by a company for people who quality for awards under the company’s incentive program;can be booked either directly. Incognito stay See “ confidential stay”. Individual others Industry rates i.e.50%discounted rates for hoteliers , airline staff, staff, travel agents, interline personnel, all other individual reservations not covered in the market segmentation categories. Joiner

Guest to check into room with already registered guest requiring a separate account. Key rack A rack that is used to placed the room keys. King A king-sized bed in one room

 Limousine The vehicle used to transport guest to airport or other place where guest want to go. Lost and found An area under the jurisdiction of housekeeping for the control and storage of lost and found items. Log book Book used for communication and reporting amongst the staff. Late check-out Additional time allotted beyond the normal check-out time.Complimentary late check-out is subject to space availability or as promised e.g.valued rate(rack).If a charge is imposed, it is usually 50% off guestroom folio rate.Wholesale guests paying directly for late check-out will be levied a 50% off rack rate on room type occupied.This is to maintain confidentiality of travel agent’s contracted rates. Locator message Guest advised that he / she may be contacted at a specific location when he / she is not in the room for a period of time. Long stay All long stay reservations(14 days or more)extended the long stay rate / benefits. Net price Price inclusive of tax and service charge

 Night Audit A daily reconciliation of accounts receivable that is completed during the midnight shift

 Night Auditor The person responsible for the night audit. Net rate A non – commissionable rate, inclusive of service and prevailing tax charge. No show Guest who did not arrive when accommodation was reserved.Guaranteed no-shows are not to be checked into the PMS to capture occupancy.The Front Office Manager in consultation with the Director of Marketing, is to advise the credit manager the following day which guaranteed no-shows to be charged.All relevant correspondences are to be attached to the no-show report and submitted to credit manager for proper billing.(see also “D.N.A)

 Number of guests Number of registered guests in each category of occupied rooms. Number of guests per room Total guests divided by the number of occupied rooms

 Occupancy Occupancy is determined by dividing the total occupied rooms(including complimentary rooms)by the total available rooms.Permanent house use rooms are to be excluded from the total available rooms. Out of order rooms(O.O.O)over 2 months Those rooms removed from saleable inventory due to renovation, temporary fault or problem rendering them unfit for occupancy.Also includes rooms under repair or waiting for repairs. Out of service rooms(O.O.S)below 2 months Rooms temporarily blocked off for minor repair works e.g.servicing of air-conditioners, general cleaning;or rooms temporarily closed off due to low occupancy.(those O.O.S rooms do not affect the occupancy forecast)

 Over booked Situation when the house count indicates that the hotel is in an oversold position, i.e.when there are more reservations than rooms available.(note: a delicate situation – the word “Over-booked” is not to be mentioned to guests)

 Overstay Guest who extended his stay on the day of his supposed check-out

 Other income This account is to capture rooms related revenue which do not from part of the average rate calculations and includes the following:Collections in respect of guaranteed no-showsFlower or room amenities sold to guest other than through the flower shop / newsstand. Petty cash Small cash fund used for minor cash payments and periodically reimbursed. Plus, plus Short terms for additional of service charge and government tax to the bill or price

 Package A combination of a room , meals or other services sold in one rate

 Packages / promotions Packages / promotions created by the individual hotels usually for a limited time with certain restrictions

 Past Due out Guests who are due out and have not checked out by the posted check-out time

 Percentage of occupancy Occupancy is determined by dividing the total occupied rooms(including complimentary rooms)by the total available rooms(excluding OOO rooms)

 Permanent folios Rooms types defined in Fidelio beginning with “P-” are considered pseudo or “dummy” room types.The system provided all normal functionality available in fideio “P-” room types, such as cresting reservations, attachment of travel agent or company profiles, charge routing, 

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 check in, posting, settlement by all payment methods, check out, etc.these rooms are not included in the daily rooms statistics, but revenue and payment figures are taken in as part of the hotel total.This flexibility allows these “dummy” rooms to fulfill a variety of functions for the hotel.In order to segregate the functions and easily identify the purpose of each “P-” room type, it is recommended of use the following designations.PM: Group Master Group master folios are the traditional group billing folios.Postings can be made directly to the group folio, or charges routed from the folios of individual group members.PF: Posting folios Permanent folios are an effective tool for posting charges and settlement not directly related to a guest folio.This includes the F&B revenue and settlement from the POS system, minor operating departments without an on-line POS terminal, and various non in-house guest charges(deposit payments after office hours, late charges)PQ: Banquet folios Banquet permanent folios can be configured as “PQ” allowing for deposit payment, posting of banquet charges and settlement.PY: staff quarters / offices If the hotel has staff quarters or offices, these rooms can be configured as “PY” rooms.This allows for Micros on-line posting, and use of Fidelio’s message functions(printed messages, telephone lamp control)

Permanent rooms Revenue producing guestrooms which are converted to ratable office units.Revenue is earned for the duration of the contract period irrespective of whether the room is occupied or not.Additionally, these rooms can not be sold to other guests when not occupied by the contracted tenants. Pledge relocates Rooms for guests housed at another hotel, but paid for by your hotel as a result of the hotel not being able to honor a guaranteed reservation. PMS Property Management System(Fidelio or Opera)

 POS Point of sales(Micros)

 Pre-assigning / block Process whereby guests’ full particulars are printed on registration card prior to arrival and only guest’s signature are obtained upon check-in. Profile A master record of details of a guest / company / travel agent e.g.name, address, telephone number, guest history and etc. Printer Printers are used to produce statements, rooming slips and management reports. Queen A queen-sized bed in one room. Room service Food and beverage service provides in the privacy of the guest room by a waiter. Rebate An adjustment made to the guest folio(bill).This is always a negative figure and is an adjustment due to unsatisfactory services or for a posting error. Rate change An occupied room which rate is changed due to certain reason. Register

Process of filling in the registration card at check in. Registration card Card used by the guest to register at check – in. Room change

When a guest moves from one room to another room during his stay. Room count The number of occupied rooms. Plus, plus Short terms for addition of service charge and government tax to the bill or price. Rooming(a guest)The entire procedure by which the desk greets and assigns new arrivals and the bellman directs them and brings their luggage to their rooms. Rack Published(full)rates.Rack reservation made by travel agencies, airlines, companies or guest direct.Corporate select(no account pre – qualification required)Across the board rate promotions without restrictions to any market i.e.specials, opening rates, percentage discounts, etc.which temporarily replace rack business.Courtesy rates. Rent able unit Rent able units will be the basis for determining the number of available rooms in a hotel for calculation of occupancy and average rate.A rent able unit is defined as a unit(one room or more)with only one usable entrance, a bathroom and sleeping accommodation.A two room suite with only one entrance would be classified as one unit.A two room suite with two separate entrances but only one room with bath and sleeping accommodations would be classified as one unit..A two room suite with a door for each room that, in its present state, can be readily rented as separate rooms, will be counted as two units.Where there are impediments such as partitions or fixed screens that hinder the sale of such suites as separate rooms, the suites shall be counted as single units. Request

A service or an arrangement which the guest has asked for. Revenue per available room(rev par)Total rooms revenue(including permanent rooms revenue)divided by total rooms available. Reservation service The cost of any external reservation service which includes fees paid to Shangri – la International for the central reservation system and third party service providers such as Galileo, anasazi and the frequent flyer programs.Fees may consist of a base amount plus variable cost based on the volume of reservations received. Rollaway bed(R.W.B)A portable single bed which can accommodate an additional guest.Please refer to extra bed. Room revenue

Gross revenue derived from the sales of guest rooms to guest(part day, full day, week or linger occupancy)at quoted rates.Includes rental of guest rooms and suites for food and beverage functions.Revenue should be stated net of allowances.Allowances represent rebates and overcharges of revenue not known at the time of sale but adjusted at a later date.Where packages are sold inclusive of meal, transportation and other services which are normally sold separately, the revenue should be allocated to the relevant departments providing the service in accordance with guidelines issued by corporate office. Rooming list A list of names sent by a travel agent or group organizer to the hotel to advise names of persons occupying the room block. Round trip transfer Two way transfer to or from airport / train station / pier to hotel. Routing instructions Process whereby billing instructions are set in guest’s reservations. Run of house(ROH)A term used for rates contracted for the lowest room category and when this category is not available upon guest’s arrival, the guest must automatically be upgraded to the next available category at extra cost. System down The duration of time when the computer is shut. System up Times when computer becomes in – operational. Sleep out

When a guest keeps the room but does not stay in. Skip When the room is vacant but the bill is not settled. Stay over An anticipated check out but remains beyond his departure date or any guest who stays overnight. Same day reservations On day booking, refers to reservations made today for today’s arrival. Service charge Surcharge imposed above the quoted rates which should be reflected as part of the gross operating revenue of the department.In cases where the service charges are required by statute to be distributed to the employees, the service charges are in fact collected on behalf of the employees, and these should not be reflected in the profit & loss accounts. Sico bed Bed that comes down from the wall, after use, it can be pushed back into the wall providing additional floor space. Share with Two or more guests occupying the same room but with separate accounts or folios. Skipper Refers to a guest who has left without paying the hotel bill. Software Computer program

 Safa bed Sofa that opens up into a bed. Suite

Accommodation consist of one or two bedrooms and a connecting sitting room(parlour)

 Specialty suite One of the more luxurious and elegant suite;usually limited in numbers and larger infloor space. Time stamp A clock mechanism that prints date and time when activated. To – date Designates accumulative amount, the sum of all figures in the current period including the day or date in question. Travel agent voucher Document used by the travel agent to instruct the hotel to provide accommodation or meals and payment is to the travel agent. Temporary – house use Guest rooms provided free for a temporary period of less than 6 months to members of staff, consultants / suppliers for business purpose relating to the hotel, entertainers contracted to perform at the hotel outlets, note that temporary house use rooms part of available rooms. Tentative status Rooms which have not been taken out of room inventory.Pending a signed contract or letter of intent / confirmation. Tours Tour groups or series booking with a minimum of 10 rooms or 15 persons.Includes layover passengers. Trace A message / instruction left in the PMS for the relevant department to follow up. Transient room – single When only one person uses room

 Transient room – double When two or more people use a room. Travel agent Represents guests to arrange travel and hotel booking. Travel agent’ commissions Commission paid to authorized agents for room business secured usually based on a percentage of the room rate multiplied by the number of room nights produced. Triple room When three persons use a room. Turn down Evening guest room service performed by the evening room attendant. Twin

Two single – sized beds in one room. Upgrade

Situation where a guest is given a higher – priced room with no adjustment to the confirmed rate. Up sell Moving a guest into a higher – priced room in the hotel with a rate increase. Vacant room Saleable guest room that is not occupied. VIP A person designated by management to receive special treatment. Volume corporate Negotiated rates with corporate accounts(local / overseas)i.e.20%, 25%, 30% discounts of flat / preferred rates of tracked accounts. China corporate rate Individual reservations extended the special military, government or diplomatic rate / discount. Voucher Document used to record debits or credits posted to a room account. Walk – in Guest requesting accommodation at the front desk without prior reservation. Waitlist

Unconfirmed booking awaiting availability of room. Whole sale All individual reservation made by travel agencies or airlines on special contracted rate.

第三篇：各种陶瓷英文专业术语

陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语标准

标准名称 陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语 标准类型 中华人民共和国国家标准 标准号 GB/T 9195—1999 标准发布单位 国家标准局发布 标准正文

dolomite：白云土 terracotta:红土

construction/building material :建白材料 type of glaze: matt:哑光 transparent:透明釉 opaque: 不透明釉 pigmented:色釉 crackled:裂纹釉 pearlized :珍珠釉 under glazed:釉下彩 on-glazed:釉上彩 浮雕：relief, emboss bisque firing:素烧 glost firing:釉烧 gild ：镀金 decal：贴花

trinket box：首饰盒

silk screen printing :丝网印 素彩瓷 plain porcelain 高温陶瓷 refractory china 窑：kiln tunnel:隧道窑 印花：stamping 陶瓷原料 Ceramic Material 长石feldspar 瓷泥petunse, petuntse, petuntze 瓷漆enamel paint, enamel 封泥lute 高岭土kaolin, china clay 硅石,二氧化硅silica, SiO2 堇青石cordierite 莫来石,红柱石andalusite 泥果,坯体clay body 泥釉slip 石灰,生石灰,氧化钙lime, calcium oxide, CaO 氧化锡tin oxide 釉glaze 原材料raw material 云母mica 皂石,块滑石steatite 陶瓷类型 Types of Pottery 碧玉细炻器 jasper 薄胎瓷 thin china

彩陶器,釉陶 faience 陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china 瓷 porcelain, china(China ‘中国’来自’Chin’’秦’,在英文中’中国’和’瓷’同一单词)赤陶 terracotta, terracotta, red earthenware 代尔夫精陶 delft 德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain, Dehua pottery 高温陶瓷 refractory china 工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics 工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷 art porcelain, art and craft china, art pottery, artistic china 骨瓷 bone china 官瓷 mandarin porcelain 光瓷 lusterware 黑色陶器 basalt 裂变瓷 crackled porcelain 裂纹瓷 crazed china 米色陶器 creamware 青瓷 celadon 青花瓷 bule and white porcelain 轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china 日用瓷 household china, table ware 软瓷 soft porcelain 杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery 绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery 施釉陶器 slipware 炻瓷 stoneware 素彩瓷 plain porcelain 陶 earthenware 陶瓷 pottery 无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware 锡釉陶 majolica 细瓷 fine china 硬瓷 hard porcelain 赭色粘土陶器 terra sigillata 紫砂 purple granulated, purple sand, terra-cotta 工艺技术 Technology 凹雕 intaglio 标记 marking 玻璃化 vitrify 车削 turning

成型 forming 冲压,冲压花 repousse 瓷土加工 clay processing 雕刻 carving 浮雕 relief 隔焰窑 muffle 工艺技术 technology 硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond 技艺 technique, craft 间断窑 intermittent kiln 浇铸 casting 拉毛 sgraffito 连续窑 continuous kiln 镂雕、镂空 piercing 辘轳车 jigger 泥釉彩饰法 trailing 碾磨 grinding 抛光 burnishing, polishing 破裂 chip 嵌入 inlay 切刻 incising 筛子 sieve 烧制 firing 陶瓷科技 ceramics 陶轮 potter’s wheel 贴花、嵌花 appliqué, decal 凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut 细裂纹 craze 性能 property 压印 impressing 窑 kiln 印花 stampin 釉上彩 overglazed color figure 釉下彩 underglazed color figure 预加工 pre-processing

粘性，粘滞性 viscosity, stiffness 转模片 jiggered piece 转印 transfer print 装饰 décor, decoration 其它 Others 斑点 speck 半透明 translucence, translucency, translucent 不渗透的 nonporous 不透明的 opaque 茶叶罐 caddy 单色的 monochrome 多色的 polychrome 高白 high white, Gaobai 耐火材料

赛拉棉Cerafiber 赛拉含锆棉 Cerachem Fiber 赛拉毯Cerablanket 赛拉含锆毯Cerachema Blanket 马福特克（莫来石）毯 MAFTEC Blanket 耐火纤维组件 Refractory Fiber Modules 纤维贴面块 Veneering Modules 赛拉板 Ceraboard TM 背衬板607 Blok 607TM 赛拉纸 Cerapaper 赛拉毡 Cerafelt 轻质隔热砖 Insulating Firebircks JM 隔热吊顶砖 Root Blocks BV 耐火胶泥 JM2600 Blakite JM3300 轻质莫来石绝热砖 Light Insulating Bricks 聚轻高铝砖 Poly Light High AluminumFirebrick 高温耐火胶泥High-temperature Refractory Mortar 磷酸铝不烧砖系列 Aluminophosphat Bonded Firebricks 高温窑具 High-temperature Kiln Furniture 堇青石--莫来石窑具 Cordierite-mullite Kiln Furniture 轻质耐火浇注料 Low-weight Refractory Castable 高温轻质耐火浇注料 High-temp Light Weight Refractory Castable 低蠕变高铝砖 Low Creep High Alumina Bricks 热风炉用高铝砖 High Alumina Bricks forHot Blast Stove 通用粘土质耐火砖 Fireclay Bricks 高炉用粘土质耐火砖 Fireclay Bricks for Blast Furnaces 特种耐火泥浆 Special Refractory Mortar 轻质隔热耐火砖 Insulating Bricks

电炉顶砖 High Alumina Bricks for EAF 微膨胀刚玉砖 Dilatable High Alumina Bricks 不烧铝镁砖 Unburnt Al2O3-MgO Bricks 铝镁尖晶石砖 Alumina-Spinel Bricks 刚玉、铬刚玉透气砖 Corundum and Chrome-Corundum Purging Plugs for Ladle Refining 铝－碳化硅－碳砖 Al2O3-SiC-C Bricks 锆铬刚玉砖 Zr-Cr-Corundum Brick 铬刚玉尖晶石砖 Chrome-Corundum-Spinel Brick 铝镁碳砖 Al2O3-MgO-C Bricks 铝碳砖 Al2O3-C Bricks 通用高铝砖 High Alumina Bricks 高炉用高铝砖 High Alumina Bricks for Blast Furnaces 高炉出铁沟浇注料 Refractory Castables for BF Troughs and Runners 钢包浇注料 Refractory Carstables for Ladles 工艺品 artware 鬼工，鬼爷神工 demon’s work, kuei kung 景德镇 Jingdexhen, Ching-te-chen 景泰蓝 cloisonné 绝缘子 insulator 考古学 archaeology 可塑的 plastic 流变学 rheology 琉璃瓦 glazed tile 模型、模特 model 模子 mould 耐热 heat-proof 配方 formula 盆栽 bonsai 漆器 lacquer work 器皿 ware 秦始皇陵兵马俑 life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb 青铜器 bronze work 人类学 antropology 渗透的 porous 手印，指印 finger mark 丝网印刷 silk screen printing 四面体 tetrahedral

搪瓷，珐琅 enamel 陶瓷的 ceramic 陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist 陶工 potter 瓦 tile 碗 bowl 卫生洁具 sanitary ware 温度 temperature 硬度 hardness 釉工 glazier 圆块，雕球，瘤 knob 砖 brick 爱比克泰德 Epicteus（活动于520-500 BC）古希腊陶工兼画家

何朝宗 He Chaozhong（1522-1620）Chinese ceramist in Ming Dynasty,中国明代陶瓷艺术家 韦奇伍德 Wedgwood（1730-1795）英国著名陶瓷工匠和制造商

希腊古瓮颂’Ode on a Crecian Urn’英国诗人济慈 Keats（1795-1821）的名诗，惊叹古希腊陶器彩绘之精美

金花米黄、渗花砖、蓝宝石、大颗粒、纯色砖

golden yellow, glazed-lmitated, sapphire of polishing series, big grain and solid color 内墙砖 wall tile 地砖 floor tile 广场砖 paving tile 完全玻化砖 polished tile 金玉石 polished mosaic 精工钻 fine granule 陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语 范围

本标准规定了建筑卫生陶瓷中陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷的名称、定义及有关术语的涵义。

本标准适用于陶瓷和卫生陶瓷的设计、生产、质量检验、贸易、科学研究、教学等领域，也可供建筑施工部门参考。2 定义

2.1 陶瓷砖ceramic tile 由粘土或其他无机非金属原料，经成型、烧结等工艺处理，用于装饰与保护建筑物、构筑物墙面及地面的板状或块状陶瓷制品。也可称为陶瓷饰面砖(ceramic facing tile)2.2 卫生陶瓷ceramic sanitary ware 用做卫生设施的有釉陶瓷制品。3 分类 3.1 陶瓷砖

3.1.1瓷质砖porcelain tile吸水率（E）不超过0.5%的陶瓷砖。3.1.2 炻瓷砖vitrified tile吸水率大于0.5%，不超过3%的陶瓷砖。3.1.3细炻砖 fine stoneware tile吸水率大于3%，不超过6%的陶瓷砖。3.1.4炻质砖stoneware tile 吸水率大于6%，不超过10%的陶瓷砖。

3.1.5陶质砖fine earthenware tile吸水率大于10%的陶瓷砖，正面施釉的也可称为釉面砖。3.1.6挤出砖extruded tile将可塑性坯料经过挤压机挤出，再切割成型的陶瓷砖。3.1.7干压陶瓷砖 powder-pressed tile 将坯粉置于模具中高压下压制成型的陶瓷砖。

3.1.8其他成型方式陶瓷砖tiles made by other processes通常生产的干压陶瓷砖和挤压陶瓷砖以外的陶瓷砖。

3.1.9内墙砖interior wall tile用于装饰与保护建筑物内墙的陶瓷砖。3.1.10外墙砖exterior wall tile用于装饰与保护建筑物外墙的陶瓷砖。

3.1.11室内地砖indoor floor tile用于装饰与保护建筑物内部地面的陶瓷砖。3.1.12室外地砖outdoor ground tile 用于装饰与保护室外构筑物地面的陶瓷砖。3.1.13有釉砖glazed tile正面施釉的陶瓷砖 3.1.14无釉砖unglazed tile不施釉的陶瓷砖

3.1.15平面装饰砖瓦 pattern tile正面为平面的陶瓷砖。

3.1.16立体装饰砖 stereoscopic tile正面呈凹凸纹样的陶瓷砖。

3.1.17 陶瓷锦砖ceramic mosaic tile用于装饰与保护建筑物地面及墙面的由多块小砖拼贴成联的陶瓷砖（也称马赛克）。

3.1.18 广场砖plaza stone用于铺砌广场及道路的陶瓷砖。

3.1.19 配件砖trimmers用于铺砌建筑物墙脚、拐角等特殊装修部位的陶瓷砖。3.1.20 抛光砖polished tile经过机械研磨、抛光，表面呈镜面光泽的陶瓷砖。

3.1.21 渗花砖color-penetrated tile将可溶性色料溶液渗入坯体内，烧成后呈现色彩或花纹的陶瓷砖。3.1.22 劈离砖split tile 由挤出法成型为两块背面相连的砖坯，经烧成后敲击分离成的陶瓷砖。3.2 卫生陶瓷 3.2.1 便器wc pan 用于承纳并冲走人体排泄物的有釉陶瓷质卫生器。按排泄口部位，有下排污和排污之分。

3.2.1.1蹲便器squatting wc pan使用时以人体取蹲式为特点的便器。分为无遮挡和有遮挡；其结构有返水弯和无返水弯两种。

3.2.1.2坐便器sitting wc pan 使用时以人体取坐式为特点的便器。按冲洗方式分有冲落式、虹吸式、喷射虹吸式、旋涡虹吸式。

a)冲落式坐便器wash-down wc pan借冲洗水的冲力直接将污物排出的便器。其主要特点是在冲水、排污过程中只形成正压，没有负压。

b)虹吸式坐便器siphon wc pan主要借冲洗水在排水道所形成的虹吸作用将污物排出的便器。冲洗时正压对排污起配合作用。

c)喷射虹吸式坐便器siphon jet wc pan在水封下设有喷射道，借喷射水流而加速排污并在一定程度上降低冲水噪音的坐便器（利用水封隔音）。

3.2.2连体式坐便器integral sitting wc pan与水箱为一体的坐便器。其冲洗管道有虹吸式，也有冲落式。

3.2.3旋涡虹吸式连体坐便器siphon vortex integral sitting wc pan利用冲洗水流形成的旋涡加速污物排出的虹吸式连体坐便器。

3.2.4 壁挂式坐便器 wall-hang sitting wc pan 挂装在墙面上的坐式大便器。冲洗管道有冲落式和虹吸式。

3.2.5 挂箱式坐便器 wall-hang cistern sitting wc pan水箱挂装在墙面上的坐便器。3.2.6 水箱 cistern与便器配套，用以盛装冲洗水的有釉陶瓷质容器。

3.2.6.1高水箱upper cistern与蹲便器配套的无盖水箱，利用高位差产生的水压将污物排走。3.2.6.2低水箱 lower cistern与坐便器配套的带盖水箱。根据安装方式有挂式、坐式。3.2.7 小便器urinal 专共男性小便使用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有壁挂式和落地式。3.2.7.1壁挂式小便器wall-hang urinal 挂装于墙壁上的小便器。3.2.7.2落地式小便器stall urinal直立于地面的小便器。

3.2.8 洗面器wash-basin 供洗脸、洗手用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有悬挂式、立柱式和台式。3.2.8.1壁挂式洗面器hung wash-basin 安装于墙面或托架上的洗面器。3.2.8.2立柱式洗面器pedestal wash-basin下方带有立柱的洗面器。3.2.8.3台式洗面器vanity wash-basin与台板组合在一起的洗面器。3.2.9 浴盆bidet传供洗浴用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。

3.2.10净身器 bidet带有喷洗的供水系统和排水系统，洗涤人体排泄器官的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。按洗涤水喷出方式，分直喷式、斜喷式和前后交叉喷洗方式。

3.2.11洗手盆hand-rinse basin专供洗手用的小型有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。

.2.12洗涤槽sink承纳厨房、实验室等洗涤用水，用以洗涤物件的槽形有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。3.2.13存水湾trap具有水封功能的有釉陶瓷后排污管道。有S型和P型。3.2.14小件卫生陶瓷sanitary assembly articles 供卫生间配套的有釉陶瓷质器件。有衣帽钩、手纸盒、皂盒、口杯托、毛巾架（托）、手巾杆和置放化妆器的化妆台板等。4术语

4.1 产品部位术语

4.1.1 坯体body构成制品的陶瓷质主体

4.1.2釉面 glaze layer 熔融于坯体表面的玻璃质致密层。4.1.3正面front surface砖体铺贴后，可看到的表面。

4.1.4背面 back surface 铺贴时与墙面或地面相连接的表面。4.1.5侧面 side surface与正面和背面相连接的表面。4.1.6正面边front side edge正面与侧面所交接的棱边。4.1.7正面角front side angle相邻两正面边的夹角。

4.1.8间隔凸缘 spacer lug侧面突起的用于控制铺贴相邻砖块间的间隔距离的边条（为施工耐特意制造的）。4.1．9 可见面visual surface 设定卫生设备安装后，观察者容易看见的表面。

4.1．10洗净面washable surface卫生设备使用时，水能溅湿的可见面。4.1．11隐蔽面 concealed surface卫生设备可见面以外的表面。

4.1.12 安装面installed surface卫生设备与墙、地或其他配件接触的部位。4.1.13 遮挡fender蹲便器前部高出的部位。

4.1.14 圈hollow ring 洗面器和便器上部的空心边圈。

4.1.15 排污道sewage draining spillway 便器内污物排出的通道。

4.1.16 隐蔽溢水道 concealed spillway 卫生器内与溢水孔相连的溢水暗道。4.1.17 进水口 water inlet 卫生器冲洗水的进入口 4.1.18 排水口 drainage exit 卫生器的废水排出口。4.1.19 出水口 water exit 水箱向配套器件供水的出口。4.1.20 排污口 sewage draining exit 便器的污物排出口。

4.1.21 承口upward socket存水弯与蹲便器排水口相连的内径扩大的端部。4.1.22 插口 downward socket 存水弯插入配套件承口内的部位。

4.1.23 溢水孔spillway hole 为控制最高水位而设置的与隐蔽溢水道相连的眼孔。4.1.24 泄水孔 spilled water hole 与隐蔽溢水道和排水口相连、泄出溢流水的孔眼。4.1.25 安装孔 installing hole 卫生设备上用于固定本身或安装配件的孔眼。4.1.26 布水眼water distribution hole便器圈下部分配冲洗水的孔眼。4.1.27 挡水板 water fender 在便器进水口正面并改变水流方向的部分。4.1.28喷射孔 jet hole在坐便器水封下，喷射道的出水孔。

4.1.29边缘挡水圈round water fender卫生设备边缘用于挡水溢用的凸圈。4.2 缺陷名称术语

4.2.1 开裂cracking贯穿坯体和釉层的裂缝。4.2.2 坯裂crack on body出现在坯体上的裂纹。4.2.3 釉裂crazing出现在釉层上的微细裂纹。

4.2.4缺釉cut glaze, exposed body应施釉部位局部无釉。4.2.5缩釉crawling釉层聚集卷缩致使坯体局部无釉。4.2.6釉泡glaze bubble釉面出现的开口或闭口泡。4.2.7波纹waviness ripple釉面呈波浪纹样。4.2.8釉缕excess glaze釉面突起的釉条或釉滴。4.2.9桔釉orange peel釉面似桔皮状，光泽较差。

4.2.10 釉粘glaze sticking有釉制品在烧成时相互粘接或与窑具粘连而造成的缺陷。4.2.11 针孔pinprick釉面出现的针刺状的小孔。4.2.12 棕眼pinholes釉面出现的针样小孔眼。4.2.13 斑点speck制品表面的异色污点。

4.2.14 剥边edge peeling产品边缘出现条状或小块状剥落。4.2.15 磕碰chip , knocking产品因碰击致使边部或角部残缺。4.2.16 夹层lamination坯体内部出现层状裂纹或分离。

4.2.17色差 color difference, tint unevenness同件或同套产品正面的色泽出现差异。4.2.18 坯粉body refuse产品正面粘有粉料屑。

4.2.19落脏 ash contamination产品正面粘附的异物。

4.2.20 花斑 speck, color spot产品正面呈现的块状异色斑。

4.2.21 烟熏smoke staining, smoked glaze因烟气影响使产品正面呈现灰、褐色或使釉面部分乃至全部失光。

4.2.22 坯泡blistering of body坯体表面突起的开口或闭口泡。4.2.23 麻面 dimple产品正面呈现的凹陷小坑。

4.2.24 熔洞 pit, fusion hole易熔物熔融使产品正面形成的孔洞。4.2.25漏抛 omission from polishing产品的应抛光部位局部无光。

4.2.26抛痕 polished trace, polished mark 产品的抛光面出现磨具擦划的痕迹。4.2.27中心弯曲center curvature产品正面的中心部位上凸或下凹。4.2.28边缘弯曲edge curvature产品正面的中心部位上凸或下凹。4.2.29侧面弯曲side curvature产品的则面外凸或内凹。

4.2.30翘曲warping , warpage产品的一个角偏离由另三个角所组成的平面。4.2.31楔形wedging, taper产品正面平行边的长度不一致。

4.2.32角度偏差angle deviation产品的角度不符合设计规定的要求。4.3 功能名称术语

4.3.1 冲洗功能washing function用规定水量将便器内污物排出并将便器冲洗干净以及污水更换的能力。4.3.2 水封功能water seal resistance便器内储存一定量水，封闭上下通道的隔臭能力。4.3.3 抗菌功能antibacterial陶瓷表面所具有的阻止细菌在表面生长的能力。4.4 其他术语

4.4.1 名义尺寸（又名公称尺寸）nominal size用于统称产品规格的尺寸。

4.4.2 工作尺寸（又名加工尺寸）work size, manufacturing size按制结果确定的尺寸。4.4.3 实际尺寸（又名产品尺寸）actual size用计量器具测量得到的尺寸。

4.4.4 配合尺寸coordinating size产品与产品间相互连接的尺寸，即工作尺寸与相邻产品间隔连接宽度之和。

4.4.5 模数尺寸modular sizes模数尺寸包括了尺寸为M、2M、3M和5M以及它们的倍数或分数为基数的砖，不包括表面积小于9000mm2的砖。注：见ISO 1006中M=100mm 4.4.6 非模数尺寸non-modular sizes不是以模数M为基数的尺寸。注：1见ISO 1006中M=100mm。2这些尺寸砖通常应用在大多数国家 4.4.7 背纹back side pattern 产品背面凸起或凹陷的图纹。

·上一条： 坐便器塑料坐圈和盖标准(3-6)·下一条： 《沟槽式管接头》城镇建设行业标准(3-6)

第四篇：工艺陶瓷的专业术语

工艺陶瓷的专业术语,供大家参考.  

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halaw

白云土 dolomite

长石feldspar

瓷泥petunse, petuntse, petuntze

瓷漆enamel paint, enamel

封泥lute

高岭土kaolin, china clay

硅石,二氧化硅silica, SiO2

堇青石cordierite

莫来石,红柱石andalusite

泥果,坯体clay body 泥釉slip

石灰,生石灰,氧化钙lime, calcium oxide, CaO

氧化锡tin oxide

釉glaze

原材料raw material

云母mica

皂石,块滑石steatite

陶瓷类型 Types of Pottery

碧玉细炻器 jasper

薄胎瓷 thin china

彩陶器,釉陶 faience

陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china

瓷 porcelain, china(China ‘中国’来自’Chin’’秦’,在英文中’中国’和’瓷’同一单词)

赤陶 terracotta, terracotta, red earthenware

代尔夫精陶 delft

德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain, Dehua pottery

高温陶瓷 refractory china

工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics

工艺瓷,美术瓷,艺术瓷 art porcelain, art and craft china, art pottery, artistic china 骨瓷 bone china

官瓷 mandarin porcelain

光瓷 lusterware

黑色陶器 basalt

裂变瓷 crackled porcelain

裂纹瓷 crazed china

米色陶器 creamware

青瓷 celadon

青花瓷 bule and white porcelain

轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china

日用瓷 household china, table ware

软瓷 soft porcelain

杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery 绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery

施釉陶器 slipware

炻瓷 stoneware

素彩瓷 plain porcelain

陶 earthenware

陶瓷 pottery

无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware

锡釉陶 majolica

细瓷 fine china

硬瓷 hard porcelain

赭色粘土陶器 terra sigillata

紫砂 purple granulated, purple sand, terra-cotta

工艺技术 Technology

凹雕 intaglio

标记 marking

玻璃化 vitrify

车削 turning

成型 forming

冲压,冲压花 repousse

瓷土加工 clay processing

雕刻 carving

浮雕 relief

隔焰窑 muffle

工艺技术 technology

硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond

技艺 technique, craft

间断窑 intermittent kiln

浇铸 casting

拉毛 sgraffito

连续窑 continuous kiln

镂雕、镂空 piercing

辘轳车 jigger

泥釉彩饰法 trailing

碾磨 grinding

抛光 burnishing, polishing

破裂 chip

嵌入 inlay

切刻 incising

筛子 sieve

烧制 firing

陶瓷科技 ceramics

陶轮 potter’s wheel

贴花、嵌花 appliqué, decal 凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut

细裂纹 craze

性能 property

压印 impressing

窑 kiln

印花 stamping

釉上彩 overglazed color figure

釉下彩 underglazed color figure

预加工 pre-processing 粘性，粘滞性 viscosity, stiffness

转模片 jiggered piece

转印 transfer print

装饰 décor, decoration

其它 Others

斑点 speck

半透明 translucence, translucency, translucent

不渗透的 nonporous

不透明的 opaque

茶叶罐 caddy

单色的 monochrome

镀金 gild

多色的 polychrome

高白 high white, Gaobai 

 halaw

工艺品 artware

鬼工，鬼爷神工 demon’s work, kuei kung

建白材料 construction/building material

景德镇 Jingdexhen, Ching-te-chen

景泰蓝 cloisonné

绝缘子 insulator

考古学 archaeology

可塑的 plastic

流变学 rheology

琉璃瓦 glazed tile 模型、模特 model

模子 mould

耐热 heat-proof

配方 formula

盆栽 bonsai

漆器 lacquer work

器皿 ware

秦始皇陵兵马俑 life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb

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青铜器 bronze work

人类学 antropology

渗透的 porous

手印，指印 finger mark

首饰盒 jewel case

丝网印刷 silk screen printing

四面体 tetrahedral

搪瓷，珐琅 enamel

陶瓷的 ceramic

陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist

陶工 potter

瓦 tile 碗 bowl

卫生洁具 sanitary ware

温度 temperature

硬度 hardness

釉工 glazier

圆块，雕球，瘤 knob

砖 brick

卫生陶瓷

便器 wc pan用于承纳并冲走人体排泄物的有釉陶瓷质卫生器。按排泄口部位，有下排污和排污之分。

蹲便器 squatting wc pan使用时以人体取蹲式为特点的便器。分为无遮挡和有遮挡；其结构有返水弯和无返水弯两种。

坐便器 sitting wc pan使用时以人体取坐式为特点的便器。按冲洗方式分有冲落式、虹吸式、喷射虹吸式、旋涡虹吸式。

A)冲落式坐便器 wash-down wc pan借冲洗水的冲力直接将污物排出的便器。其主要特点是在冲水、排污过程中只形成正压，没有负压。

B)虹吸式坐便器 siphon wc pan主要借冲洗水在排水道所形成的虹吸作用将污物排出的便器。冲洗时正压对排污起配合作用。

C)喷射虹吸式坐便器 siphon jet wc pan在水封下设有喷射道，借喷射水流而加速排污并在一定程度上降低冲水噪音的坐便器（利用水封隔音）。

连体式坐便器 integral sitting wc pan与水箱为一体的坐便器。其冲洗管道有虹吸式，也有冲落式。

旋涡虹吸式连体坐便器 siphon vortex integral sitting wc pan利用冲洗水流形成的旋涡加速污物排出的虹吸式连体坐便器。

壁挂式坐便器 wall-hang sitting wc pan 挂装在墙面上的坐式大便器。冲洗管道有冲落式和虹吸式。

挂箱式坐便器 wall-hang cistern sitting wc pan 水箱挂装在墙面上的坐便器。

水箱 cistern 与便器配套，用以盛装冲洗水的有釉陶瓷质容器。

高水箱 upper cistern与蹲便器配套的无盖水箱，利用高位差产生的水压将污物排走。

低水箱 lower cistern 与坐便器配套的带盖水箱。根据安装方式有挂式、坐式。

小便器 urinal专共男性小便使用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有壁挂式和落地式。

壁挂式小便器 wall-hang urinal挂装于墙壁上的小便器。

落地式小便器 stall urinal直立于地面的小便器。

洗面器 wash-basin供洗脸、洗手用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。有悬挂式、立柱式和台式。

壁挂式洗面器 hung wash-basin安装于墙面或托架上的洗面器。

立柱式洗面器 pedestal wash-basin下方带有立柱的洗面器。

台式洗面器 vanity wash-basin与台板组合在一起的洗面器。

浴盆 bidet传供洗浴用的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。

净身器 bidet 带有喷洗的供水系统和排水系统，洗涤人体排泄器官的有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。按洗涤水喷出方式，分直喷式、斜喷式和前后交叉喷洗方式。

洗手盆 hand-rinse basin专供洗手用的小型有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。

洗涤槽 sink承纳厨房、实验室等洗涤用水，用以洗涤物件的槽形有釉陶瓷质卫生设备。

存水湾 trap具有水封功能的有釉陶瓷后排污管道。有S型和P型。

小件卫生陶瓷 sanitary assembly articles

产品部位

坯体 body构成制品的陶瓷质主体

釉面 glaze layer 熔融于坯体表面的玻璃质致密层。

正面 front surface砖体铺贴后，可看到的表面。

背面 back surface 铺贴时与墙面或地面相连接的表面。

侧面 side surface 与正面和背面相连接的表面。

正面边 front side edge正面与侧面所交接的棱边。

正面角 front side angle相邻两正面边的夹角。

 halaw

间隔凸缘 spacer lug 侧面突起的用于控制铺贴相邻砖块间的间隔距离的边条（为施工耐特意制造的）。

可见面 visual surface设定卫生设备安装后，观察者容易看见的表面。

洗净面 washable surface卫生设备使用时，水能溅湿的可见面。

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隐蔽面 concealed surface卫生设备可见面以外的表面。

安装面 installed surface卫生设备与墙、地或其他配件接触的部位。

遮挡 fender蹲便器前部高出的部位。

圈 hollow ring 洗面器和便器上部的空心边圈.排污道 sewage draining spillway 便器内污物排出的通道。

隐蔽溢水道 concealed spillway 卫生器内与溢水孔相连的溢水暗道。

进水口 water inlet 卫生器冲洗水的进入口

排水口 drainage exit 卫生器的废水排出口。

出水口 water exit 水箱向配套器件供水的出口。

排污口 sewage draining exit 便器的污物排出口。

承口 upward socket存水弯与蹲便器排水口相连的内径扩大的端部。

插口 downward socket 存水弯插入配套件承口内的部位。

溢水孔 spillway hole 为控制最高水位而设置的与隐蔽溢水道相连的眼孔。

泄水孔 spilled water hole 与隐蔽溢水道和排水口相连、泄出溢流水的孔眼。

安装孔 installing hole 卫生设备上用于固定本身或安装配件的孔眼。

布水眼 water distribution hole便器圈下部分配冲洗水的孔眼。

挡水板 water fender 在便器进水口正面并改变水流方向的部分。

喷射孔 jet hole 在坐便器水封下，喷射道的出水孔。

边缘挡水圈 round water fender卫生设备边缘用于挡水溢用的凸圈。

缺陷名称术语

开裂 cracking贯穿坯体和釉层的裂缝。

坯裂 crack on body出现在坯体上的裂纹。

釉裂 crazing 出现在釉层上的微细裂纹。

缺釉 cut glaze, exposed body应施釉部位局部无釉。

缩釉 crawling釉层聚集卷缩致使坯体局部无釉。

釉泡 glaze bubble釉面出现的开口或闭口泡。

波纹 waviness ripple釉面呈波浪纹样。

釉缕 excess glaze釉面突起的釉条或釉滴。

桔釉 orange peel釉面似桔皮状，光泽较差。

釉粘 glaze sticking有釉制品在烧成时相互粘接或与窑具粘连而造成的缺陷

针孔 pinprick釉面出现的针刺状的小孔。

棕眼 pinholes釉面出现的针样小孔眼。

斑点 speck制品表面的异色污点。

剥边 edge peeling产品边缘出现条状或小块状剥落。

磕碰 chip , knocking产品因碰击致使边部或角部残缺。

夹层 lamination坯体内部出现层状裂纹或分离。

色差 color difference, tint unevenness 同件或同套产品正面的色泽出现差异。

坯粉 body refuse产品正面粘有粉料屑。

落脏 ash contamination 产品正面粘附的异物。

花斑 speck, color spot产品正面呈现的块状异色斑。

烟熏 smoke staining, smoked glaze因烟气影响使产品正面呈现灰、褐色或使釉面部分乃至全部失光。

坯泡 blistering of body坯体表面突起的开口或闭口泡。

麻面 dimple产品正面呈现的凹陷小坑。

4熔洞 pit, fusion hole易熔物熔融使产品正面形成的孔洞。

漏抛 omission from polishing 产品的应抛光部位局部无光。

抛痕 polished trace, polished mark 产品的抛光面出现磨具擦划的痕迹。

中心弯曲 center curvature产品正面的中心部位上凸或下凹。

边缘弯曲 edge curvature产品正面的中心部位上凸或下凹。

侧面弯曲 side curvature产品的则面外凸或内凹。

翘曲 warping , warpage产品的一个角偏离由另三个角所组成的平面。

楔形 wedging, taper产品正面平行边的长度不一致。

角度偏差 angle deviation产品的角度不符合设计规定的要求。

功能名称术语

冲洗功能 washing function用规定水量将便器内污物排出并将便器冲洗干净以及污水更换的能力。

水封功能 water seal resistance便器内储存一定量水，封闭上下通道的隔臭能力。

抗菌功能 antibacterial陶瓷表面所具有的阻止细菌在表面生长的能力。

其他术语

名义尺寸（又名公称尺寸）nominal size用于统称产品规格的尺寸。

工作尺寸（又名加工尺寸）work size, manufacturing size按制结果确定的尺寸。

实际尺寸（又名产品尺寸）actual size用计量器具测量得到的尺寸。

配合尺寸 coordinating size产品与产品间相互连接的尺寸，即工作尺寸与相邻产品间隔连接宽度之和。

模数尺寸 modular sizes模数尺寸包括了尺寸为M、2M、3M和5M以及它们的倍数或分数为基数的砖，不包括表面积小于9000mm2的砖。注：见ISO 1006中M=100mm

非模数尺寸 non-modular sizes不是以模数M为基数的尺寸。注：1 见ISO 1006中M=100mm。2 这些尺寸砖通常应用在大多数国家。

背纹 back side pattern产品背面凸起或凹陷的图纹。

第五篇：专业术语

房地产基本知识

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 房地产常用术语； 房地产面积计算； 按揭贷款的各项规定及计算方法； 公积金贷款的有关规定。商品房预售及房地产交易的有关规定；

1)房地产：是房屋和土地的社会经济形态，是房屋和土地作为 一种.财产的总称。

2)房地产业：是指从事房地产开发、经营、管理和服务的行业。

3)居住小区技术经济指标

居住小区总用地：包括住宅总用地，公共建筑设施总用地，道路、广场用地，庭院、绿化用地的总和。住宅总用地：指低层、多层、中高层、高层住宅用地面积的总和。

公建总用地：指小区全部公共建筑物战地总面积之和。

道路、广场用地：指小区内主次干道、宅前支路、人行道、绿化带中间宽度大于1.5M的步行道及停车、回车广场和有铺砌地面的场地面积之和。

庭院、绿化面积：指小区内集中绿化带、小公园、住宅间集中庭院种植花木、草地、假山、花架、水榭、水池，以及公共活动场所等为小区所有居住人员共同使用的绿化面积之总和。

总建筑面积（m2）：指小区内住宅、公建总和。

建筑密度=小区内全部建筑的基地面积之和（m2）/小区内总占地面积（m2）

建筑容积率=小区内总建筑面积之和（m2）/小区总占地面积（m2）*100%

4)单体住宅建筑设计技术经济指标名词解释

建筑面积：指建筑物各层展开面积之总和。每层建筑面积按建筑物勒脚以上外围水平截面面积计算。建筑面积由使用面积、辅助面积和结构面积三部分组成使用面积：是指建筑物各层平面中直接为生产或生活使用的净面积的总和。

辅助面积：是指建筑物中各层平面中的楼梯、走道所占净面积的总和。

结构面积：是指建筑物各层中外墙、内墙、间隔墙、垃圾道、通风道、烟囱（均包括管道面积）等所占面积的总和。

5)行业常用术语解释

建基面积：即建筑基地面积，指建筑物的首层外墙勒脚线以上外围水平投的 占地面积。

用地面积：指产权人使用土地的范围，包括其地上建筑物、天井、庭园、通道等占地面积的总和。共享地面面积：指两个或以上产权人共同占有使用的不能分割的土地范围。

技术层：指建筑物的自然层内，用作水、电、卫生等设备安装的局部层次。

2、房地产面积计算

 建筑面积（销售面积）=套内建筑面积+公用建筑公摊面积

 套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+内阳台面积（以100%）或外阳台面积（以50%计）注：套内建筑面积由以下三部份组成；

a)套内的使用面积。即房间、厅、厨房和卫生间的面积；

b)套内墙体面积。是指合用空间周围的维护或承重墙体，有共用墙和非共用墙两种。其中，其用墙墙体水平投影面积的一半计入套内面积。非共用墙体水平投影面积全部计入套内墙体面积。

c)阳台建筑面积包括内阳台和外阳台。其中外阳台按水平投影面积的一半计算。

 公用建筑分摊面积=公用建筑面积分摊系数*套内建筑面积 1.房地产常用术语

注：公用建筑面积由以下两部份组成；

a)电梯间、楼梯间、垃圾道、变电房、设备间、公共门厅和过道、值班警卫室以及其他功能上为整栋建筑服务的公共用房各管理用房建筑面积。

b)套（单元）与公用建筑空间之间的分隔以及外墙墙体水平投影面积的一半。

c)凡作为独立使用空间销售或出租的地下室、车棚等，不应计入公用建筑面积。作为入防工程的地下室也不计入公用面积

 公用建筑面积分摊系数=整栋公用建筑面积/各套套内建筑面积之和

 整栋公用建筑面积=整栋建筑面积—各套套内建筑面积—可租售的地下室、停车场及人防工程等

 实用率（得房率）=套内建筑面积/合同所注的建筑面积。

3、按揭贷款的各项规定及计算方法

个人住房商业性贷款，就是指购房者在本行存入拟购住房房款一定比例的资金后，以所购住房（或“楼花”权益）作为抵押，向本行申请其余所需资金贷款并分期还款的一种金融服务，又称“个人购房储蓄与购房抵押贷款”。

1)贷款申请条件

 具有完全民事行为能力的中国公民及在中国大陆有居留权的境外、国外公民；

 在本行有拟购房价20%以上的购房储蓄存款（在广州地区申请购房的要求有拟购房价20%以上的自有资金）；  有稳定的合法收入，具备偿还贷款本息的能力；

 同意以所购房产（或“楼花”权益）作抵押。

 所购房屋的产权必须明晰，可进入房地产市场流通；

 所购房屋不在拆迁公告范围内；

 如申请个人住房公积金贷款或组合贷款，还应符合个人住房公积金贷款及组合贷款的有关规定。

2)借款人需提供的资料

 合法的身份证明（国内人士提供居民身份证或军官证；境外及国外人士提供有效居留证、国外身份证明）； 购房定金收据和购房协议；

 在我行属下经办网点开立的购房储蓄存折；

 还款能力证明（如单位出具的个人收入证明、存单、个人纳税单和其它有价证券、借款人工作证、劳动合同等，私营业主和单位还需提供公司章程和股东权益分配说明书、上一财务决算报表、最近三个月财务报表、合法的审计报告或单位缴税税单等）。

3)贷款额度、期限、利率

 个人住房商业性贷款的额度不超过所购住房价值的80%，贷款期限为1-30年；商铺、车位贷款额度为不超过所

购商铺或车位的60%，期限为1-15年；（借款人为单位的为五成三年）。

 利率按照中国人民银行的规定执行。

个人住房商业性贷款期限1年以内（含1年）的，实行合同利率，遇法定利率调整，不分段计息；贷款期限在1年以上的，遇法定利率调整，于下年初开始，按相应利率档次执行新的利率规定。

按照银传[1999]44号、45号规定，自1999年9月21日起，商业银行用信贷资金发放的个人住房贷款利率，由现行按法定利率减档执行改为：5年以下（含5年）按年利率5.31%执行，5年以上按年利率5.58%执行。

4)贷款偿还规定

 第一种偿还方式：

按月平均归还借款本金，借款利息逐月结算还清。

每月供款额=借款本金÷供款总期数+尚欠本金×月利率

其中：每月偿还本金=借款本金÷供款总期数

当月偿还利息=尚欠本金×月利率÷30×尚欠本金实际占用天数

尚欠本金实际占用天数=本月还款日－上月还款日

尚欠本金=贷款本金－已归还本金累计额

 第二种偿还方式：

按月等额归还借款本息。计算公式：

其中：当月偿还利息=尚欠本金×月利率

当月偿还本金=每月供款额－当月偿还利息

5)贷款办理流程

咨询→签订购房协议→借款申请→贷款审批→签订《房地产预售契约》→签订《楼宇按揭合同》→办理公证、抵押、保险→发放贷款→次月起供款

4、公积金贷款的有关规定

个人住房公积金贷款是指按规定参加了住房公积金或住房货币分配制度的人士，在购买自住普通住房时，因自有资金不足，同意以所购住房（或“楼花”权益）作抵押向本行申请的住房公积金低息贷款。购房人向本行申请个人公积金贷款时，因受到贷款额度限制，可以同时申请一笔个人住房商业性贷款，即为个人住房组合贷款。

1)贷款申请条件

 具有城镇常住户口或有效居留证件；

 已按规定足额缴存住房公积金，或所在单位已按规定实行住房货币分配，且本人未曾享受过个人住房公积金贷

款；

 有稳定的合法收入和偿还贷款本息的能力；

 有购买自住住房的合同、协议或意向书；

 在我行有相当于拟购住房总价20%以上的购房储蓄存款；

 同意以所购房产（或“楼花”）权益作抵押。

2)借款人需提供的资料

 居民身份证（或其它合法的身份证明）和本市户口簿（或有效居留证件）；

 银行出具的借款人及其家庭成员的《个人住房公积金缴交情况证明》（广州地区的客户，若在我分行存储公积金

则可免此证明，但借款人应提供有关人员的公积金帐号）；

 收入证明；

 在我行属下经办网点开立存款帐户的购房储蓄存折或信用卡；

 购房意向书、定金收据或购房协议、合同。

3)贷款额度、期限、利率

 贷款额度：按照市住房公积金管理中心有关贷款的规定，客户可申请个人住房公积金贷款最高额度以下面三个

额度中的最低者为准：

 不超过借款人及其家庭成员在退休年龄内所缴存住房公积金或住房货币分配数总额的2倍；

 不超过所购住房评估价值的80%；

 不超过广州市住房公积金管理中心每年公布的最高贷款额（目前暂定16万元）。

 另外，在申请个人住房公积金贷款前，借款人还需在本行有相当于拟购房房价20%以上的 购房储蓄存款。 贷款期限：最长30年。



 贷款利率：按照人民银行规定的个人住房公积金贷款利率执行。

4)贷款程序

签订协议→填写申请→签订合同→发放贷款→还本付息

5、商品房预售及房地产交易的有关规定；

 房地产交易管理规定及有关问题

1)房地产交易的主管部门：广州市国土房管局是广州市房地产市场的主管机构，属下的房地产交易所是房地

产买卖交易的职能部门。房地产买卖，必须到交易所办理交易鉴证手续，未经鉴证的私买私卖行为，不受法律保护。

2)对购房者的规定：⑴不受本市户籍的限制，不论本市或外地的居民，包括港、澳、台同胞和华侨及外籍华人，均可持本人身份证件购买广州市物业。⑵境内单位购买私人物业，需县以上政府批准。⑶外商以企业名义购买房地产：港、澳、台注册企业，凭注册登记及董事会决议申请批准；外国注册企业，需经省外事办，省外经贸委批准。

3)对交易的房地产的规定

出售房地产必须是“产权清楚，证契齐全”，其产权凭证根据不同物业有如下几种类型：

⑴开发商销售的商品房：必须具备“广州市商品房预售许可证”。

⑵现楼：由市国土房管局核发的房地产证。

⑶形式：由广州市房地产产权登记所根据实际需要按核发的“房地产权属证明书”（限定使用范围，时间的证件）。除此之外的任何部门出具的任何证明，都不能作为房地产业市场流通的合法证件。

4）对房地产交易行为的规定

 商品房预售

1)预售条件

商品房的预售必须持有市国土房管局核发的“商品房预售许可证”

2)基本程序

签约（预售契约）→合约登记→交楼→确权→过户→发证

3)转让条件：

转让的预售契约必须经市交易所鉴证或备案。

4)程序：

申请→审批→转移

 税费的规定

1)房屋买卖契税：按成交价的3%征收（由买方缴付）港、澳、台同胞和华侨，及其在大陆投资经营的企业以外币购房的，可折半征收；全民、集体所有制单位购房的免征契税。外国企业及外国人购房按成交价3%征税。“楼花”转让按正常契税50%征收（买方缴交）。

2)交易监证费：按成交价的0.3%征收（由买方缴付）

3)契约印花税：按成交价的0.05%征收（由买方缴付）

4)权证综合费：按成交价的0.2%征收（由买方缴付）权证综合费含产权登记费、测绘费、土地使用登记费、权证工本费及权证印花税。

5)补交土地出让金（二手楼交易）：凡属未办理国有土地有偿出让的房地产交易依照规定需补交土地出让金。金额根据用地性质、地段评估、单位买卖的按标准地价25%补交，私人住宅按标准10%补交。

6)增值税