2012北大中文系毕业演讲

第一篇：2012北大中文系毕业演讲

2012北大中文系毕业演讲——卢新宁

敬爱的老师和亲爱的同学们上午好谢谢你们叫我回家。让我有幸再次聆听老师的教诲分享我亲爱的学弟学妹们的特殊喜悦。一进家门光阴倒转。刚才那些美好的视频同学的发言老师的讲话都让我觉得所有年轻的故事都不曾走远。可是站在你们面前亲爱的同学们我才发现自己真的老了。1988年我本科毕业的时候你们中的绝大多数人还没有出生。那个时候你们的朗朗部长还是众女生仰慕的帅师兄你们的渭毅老师正在与我的同屋女孩爱的地老天荒——而现在他们的孩子都该考大学了。就像刚才那首歌唱的“记忆中最美的春天难以再回首的昨天。”如果把生活比做一段将理想“变现”的过程我们只是一叠面额有限的现钞而你们是即将上市的股票。从一张白纸起步的书写前程无远弗届一切皆有可能。面对你们我甚至缺少一份抒发“过来人”心得的勇气。但我先生力劝我来我的朋友也劝我来他们都是84级的中文系学长。今天他们有的是一介文人清贫淡泊有的已经主政一方功成名就有的发了财做了富二代的爹也有的离了婚生活并不如意。但在网上交流时听说有今天这样的一个机会他们都无一例外地让我一定要来代表他们代表那一代人向自己的弟弟妹妹说点什么。是的跟你们一样我们曾在中文系就读甚至度过同一门课程青涩的背影都曾被燕园的阳光定格在五院青藤缠满的绿墙上。但那是上个世纪的事了我们之间横亘着二十多年的时光。那个时候我们称为理想的今天或许你们笑称其为空想那时的我们流行书生论政今天的你们要面对诫勉谈话那时的我们熟悉的热词是民主自由今天的你们记住的是拼爹、躲猫猫、打酱油那个时候的我们喜欢在三角地游荡而今天的你们习惯隐形于伟大的互联网。我们那时的中国依然贫穷却豪情万丈而今天这个世界第二大经济体还在苦苦寻找迷失的幸福无数和你们一样的青年喜欢用“囧”形容自己的处境。二十多年时光中国到底走了多远存放我们青春记忆的三角地早已荡然无存见证你们少年心绪的一塔湖图正在创造新的历史。你们这一代人有着远比我们当年更优越的条件更广博的见识更成熟的内心站在更高的起点。

我们想说的是站在这样高的起点由北大中文系出发你们不缺前辈大师的荫庇更不少历史文化的熏染。诗经楚辞的世界老庄孔孟的梦想李白杜甫的词章构成了你们生命中最为激荡的青春时光。我不需要提醒你们未来将如何以具体琐碎消磨这份浪漫与绚烂也不需要提醒你们人生将以怎样的平庸世故消解你们的万丈雄心更不需要提醒你们走入社会要如何变得务实与现实因为你们终将以一生浸淫其中。我唯一的害怕是你们已经不相信了不相信规则能战胜潜规则不相信学场有别于官场不相信学术不等于权术不相信风骨远胜于媚骨。你们或许不相信了因为追求级别的越来越多追求真理的越来越少讲待遇的越来越多讲理想的越来越少大官越来越多大师越来越少。因此在你们走向社会之际我想说的只是请看护好你曾经的激情和理想。在这个肮脏的社会我们仍然需要干净在这个怀疑的时代我们依然需要信仰。北大是守护这些的底线北大人应该是守护这些的社会柱墙。也许有同学会笑话大师姐写报社论写多了吧这么高的调子。可如果我告诉各位这是我的很多中文系同学共同的想法你们是否会稍微有些重视是否会多想一下为什么二十多年过去他们依然如此我知道与我们这一代相比你们这一代人的社会化远在你们踏上社会之前就已经开始了国家的盛事集中在你们的大学时代但社会的问题也凸显在你们的青春岁月。你们有我们不曾有的机遇但也有我们不曾经历的挑战。文学理论无法识别毒奶粉的成分古典文献挡不住地沟油的泛滥。当利益成为唯一的价值很多人把信仰、理想、道德都当成交易的筹码我很担心怀疑会不会成为我们时代否定一切、解构一切的粉碎机我们会不会因为心灰意冷而随波逐流变成钱理群先生所言“精致利己主义”世故老道善于表演懂的配合而北大会不会像那个日本年轻人说的有的是人才却不培养精英

我有一位清华毕业的同事从大学开始就自称是北大的跟屁虫对北大人甚是敬重。谈到“大清王朝北大荒”的江湖传言他特认真地对我说“这个社会需要的不是北大人的适应而是北大人的坚守。”这让我想起中文系百年时陈平原先生的一席话。他提到西南联大时的老照片给自己的感动一群衣衫褴褛的知识分子器宇轩昂地屹立于天地间。这应当就是国人眼里北大人的形象。不管将来的你们身处何处不管将来的你们从事什么职业是否都能常常自问作为北大人我们是否还存有那种浩然之气那种精神的魅力充实的人生“天地之心生民之命往圣绝学”是否还能在我们心中激起共鸣 马克思曾慨叹法兰西不缺少有智慧的人但缺少有骨气的人。今天的中国同样不缺少有智慧的人但缺少有信仰的人。也正因此北大给我们的教育才格外珍贵。从母校的教诲出发二十多年社会生活给我的最大启示是当许多同龄人都陷于时代的车轮下那些能幸免的人不仅因为坚强更因为信仰。不用害怕圆滑的人说你不够成熟不用在意聪明的人说你不够明智不要照原样接受别人推荐给你的生活选择坚守、选择理想因为这个时代说你幼稚是给对有良心者最大的褒奖。梁漱溟先生写过一本书《这个世界会好吗》我很喜欢这个书名它以朴素的设问提出了人生的大问题。这个世界会好吗事在人为未来中国的分量和质量就在各位的手上。最后我想将一位学者的话送给亲爱的学弟学妹——无论中国怎样请记得你所站立的地方就是你的中国你怎么样中国便怎么样你相信光明便不再有黑暗

第二篇：2014北大毕业演讲

变革时代，如何坚守？

——王恩哥校长在2014年本科生毕业典礼上的讲话

尊敬的各位老师、各位学长、各位嘉宾，亲爱的同学们：

大家上午好！

“红楼飞雪，一时英杰，先哲曾书写，爱国进步民主科学。”刚才，教师和学生合唱团演唱了《燕园情》，这首歌虽然还不是我们正式的校歌，但这么多年来，它的旋律、它的歌词、它所包含的深厚感情以及北大人以四海为家、以天下为己任的情怀，已经深深刻在了我们的心中。在座每一位北大同学的本科生活，都是由《燕园情》开始的，今天在这里，也将以《燕园情》画上一个休止符。四年前,充满朝气和活力的你们从五湖四海汇聚到燕园，开始了在北大的求学

生涯。那时，你们在一体的操场上第一次学唱《燕园情》；而今天，在同样悠扬的歌声里，你们就要带着在北大收获的知识、友情以及爱情，带着一生一世的北大印记，走向天南海北。前段时间，我们的一张本科毕业生合影在网络上“走红”，这张一个人的“合影”来自元培学院的薛逸凡同学，她所在的古生物学专业，或许是中国唯一的只有一个学生的专业。很多网友赞她为“女汉子”，纷纷留言——“一个人的寂寞谁懂？”，“专业第一名和最后一名都占了”„„其实，无论什么专业，寂寞也好，热闹也罢，作为校长和老师，只要你们学有所成，只要你们快乐成长，就是我们内心最大的满足。2014届毕业的全体本科生同学们，祝贺你们！

同学们，大学时光匆匆而过，以至于身为“90后”的你们都开始慨叹：“时间都去哪儿了”？是的，对一个始终在奋斗、始终在攀登的年轻人来说，时间总是过得特别快，四年光阴转瞬间就流走了。我想，这四年的时间，已经凝结成了你们在无数次“刷夜”苦读之后的哲思与明辨，凝结成了你们在国际交流舞台上闪光的才华与自信的气度，也已经变成了悄悄爬上父母和师长双鬓的缕缕白发。当你们在回忆过往，追问青春的意义时，我希望，大家怀着一颗感恩的心，向默默哺育你们的父母、悉心教导你们的师长以及四年来相互关爱、相互扶助的“小伙伴”们说一声——“谢谢！”正是他们时时在你的左右，你的人生才拥有了如此精彩！今天，请把掌声献给他们！

此时此刻，站在这个讲台上，我的心情也很不平静，愿意与大家分享一点自己的时间印记。我和我的同龄人，是在中国经济社会大变革的时代成长起来的，虽然历经波折，却也幸运地搭上了改革开放、社会转型的时代列车。1978年我上大学的时候，人们还在讨论收音机和电视对未来教育的影响。而现在，我也同你们一样，经常看看BBS和微博，也试图用微信与朋友们交流。时至今日，科学技术的发展已经极大地改变了我们的生活，突破了时间与空间的界限，拉近了人与人、国与国之间的距离。相信就在此刻，你们当中有不少人正通过微博、微信将毕业的体悟和感恩的心情传递给千里之外的亲友。这在几十年前，甚至几年前，都是很多人难以想象的事情。

同学们，变革是当今时代的主题。包括我们所身处的燕园，每天也都在发生着许多细微但深刻的变化。我们的北大，正变得更加国际化、更具包容性，也更充满了创新的活力。这一切的变化，是所有的北大人，包括在座各位同学共同努力的结果。

那么，在这个快速变革的时代，北大人应如何作为？我们除了与时俱进，紧紧跟上时代的潮流，更需要坚守什么？哪些东西需要不断变化，而哪些东西又亘古不变？利用这个机会，我想和同学们一起探讨。

今年5月4日，总书记来到北大，与我们共度校庆和五四青年节。在师生座谈会上，总书记给大学生算了一笔“人生账”：“现在在高校学习的大学生都是20岁左右，到2020年全面建成小康社会时，很多人还不到30岁；到本世纪中叶基本实现现代化时，很多人还不到60岁。也就是说，实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标，你们和千千万万青年将全过程参与。”

同学们，总书记指明的这笔“人生账”，不就是摆在你们面前的历史“际遇”和“机缘”么！总书记还以“人生的扣子从一开始就要扣好”为喻，勉励青年从现在做起、从自己做起，勤学、修德、明辨、笃实，身体力行，努力在实现中国梦的伟大实践中创造自己的精彩人生。

五四运动的先驱、北大校友罗家伦先生在《写给青年》一书的序言中谈到：“我们不能背着时代后退，我们也不能随着时代前滚，我们要把握住时代的巨轮，有意识的推动他，进向我们光辉的理想。”在五四时代，他们那一批“90后”通过对旧思想、旧文化、旧礼教的彻底批判，在改造国民性的基础上，重塑人的灵魂，实现了中华民族的觉醒，也开启了中国现代化的征程。以“爱国、进步、民主、科学”为核心的五四精神，成为指引一代又一代青年奋发图强的精神灯塔，也为当代中国构建社会主义核心价值体系提供了重要的文化因子和思想资源。

“君子务本，本立而道生。”在全球化浪潮汹涌而来、各种思潮相互碰撞的变革时代，坚守核心价值观就是“务本”，将自己的人生事业融入国家发展和人类文明进步的洪流，这就是最大的“道”。今天，中国正作为国际社会的重要一员，重新回到世界舞台的中央，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近中华民族伟大复兴“中国梦”的实现。北大人不应沉湎于以往作出的贡献，而要参与到人类文明的和谐与共同发展之中。希望在座的诸位同学，将来能够代表我们这个国家，对人类文明的传承与进步起到推动作用。

面对纷纭复杂、瞬息万变的世界，如何实现“小我”与“大我”的协同进步？是被社会的惯性所牵引，还是追随自己内心的召唤？是选择安逸的生活，还是选择奉献和付出的人生？在面临严峻的现实时，是选择放弃，还是义无返顾地

前行？是做愤世嫉俗者，还是积极的建设者？在此，我对大家有三点希望：

一是希望大家坚守“砥砺德行，立己立人”的道德追求。宋代理学家杨时曾说“一德立而百善从之”，无论什么时代，砥砺德行对于修身、齐家、治国、平天下都具有基础性的重要作用。只有个人的德行修养立得住，才能推己及人，影响和教化别人。“君子之志于道也，不成章不达。”在我们身边，就有许许多多坚守本心，德行高尚的前辈，他们的坚守让我们在时代波澜中看到了北大人默默担当的身影，感受到了北大人浓郁沉淀的家国情怀。这其中，第三届“蔡元培奖”获得者，医学部教授彭瑞骢先生便是典型代表。彭瑞骢先生生于二十世纪二十年代，1940年考入北京大学医学院。成长于内忧外患，社会动荡的时代，彭先生较早便开始关注社会现实，关注民生疾苦。1947年，他与方亮教授、王光超教授等人在北京公主坟附近的什坊院村办起了保健院，组织北医师生轮流为附近农民义诊。在这段实践中，彭先生目睹了农民饱受病痛之苦和贫困的折磨，坚定了为大多数人服务的理念。从医70多年，无论身处顺境还是逆境，先生都坚定不移、勇往直前。彭老曾这样寄语医学生：“‘无德不医’。学校只能教育你认识是非，但是社会太复杂了。你要是想拿学医当敲门砖去赚钱的话，那就别来学医，此路不通。”彭老甘受清贫，默默奉献，正是老一辈北大人毕生坚守的群体特质的生动写照。希望这种高尚的道德追求能够在你们身上生生不息，薪火相传。

二是希望大家坚守“守正笃实，久久为功”的平和心态。今年3月，我在学工部举办的“教授茶座”活动中与一些同学进行了面对面的交流。在座谈中，同学们最关心的问题是生涯规划。物理学院一位同学说，学物理、做科研压力很大，需要牺牲很多东西，不知道是不是应该坚持。我告诉他，北大人做什么都可以做得很出色，但要做好任何事，都需要一个基本素质——那就是忍耐。今天在这里，我还想跟大家分享哲学系汤一介先生治学的例子。作为老一辈哲学家，编纂一部能够挖掘传统文化的真精神、呈现中国儒学源流的《儒藏》，是汤先生长期以来的愿望。2002年，经过反复论证，汤先生将编纂《儒藏》的设想提交学校和教育部并得以正式立项。这一年，76岁高龄的汤先生受命成为《儒藏》工程首席专家。《儒藏》工程是一项旨在传承中华优秀传统文化的重大基础性国家文化工程，也是一项迄今为止人文社科领域规模最大的国际合作工程。《儒藏》“精华编”收入中外儒家典籍650余种，约计2.6亿字；而“大全编”则收入儒家经典著

作3000余种，约10亿字；此外还将编纂著录两万余部“儒家经典文献总目”。面对这项浩如烟海又繁琐庞杂的巨大工程，已是耄耋之年的汤一介先生义无反顾。他说：“在中华民族走向伟大复兴的过程中，必须有中华文化的复兴来配合。今天，我们编纂《儒藏》可以说正在实现着400多年来中国学者、也可以说是中国人民的梦想。我最大的心愿就是把《儒藏》编好，将儒家文化瑰宝系统全面地收藏，成为全世界最权威的范本，之后一百年内不会有人超过。”汤先生秉持着这样的赤忱之心，在本该颐养天年的年纪，仍然不遗余力地传承和发扬中国传统文化。这种守正笃实，久久为功的精神，值得大家用心学习。

三是希望大家坚守“宠辱不惊，自信自励”的人生哲学。随着人生阶段的转变，你们将迎来一个更加复杂、更加多元的世界。面对信息时代各种思潮的相互激荡，面对纷繁芜杂的社会现实，同学们可能一时会有些疑惑、彷徨和失落。这是正常的。但我希望，你们在偶尔“吐槽”之余，勇做积极的建设者，化难为易、化压力为动力、化自卑自满为自信自励，宠辱不惊，处之泰然。不久前，阿里巴巴集团董事会主席马云先生在北大演讲时说：“今天很多年轻人抱怨这不对、那不对的东西，可能正是我们可以发展的机会。与其抱怨，不如把它变成现实。”改变别人也许很难，但改变自己只需要坚持。我校国际关系学院潘维教授也讲过一段很有启迪性的话：“我们昨天的理想，决定了中国今日社会的现实。如果你们今天对现实不满，那么你们的理想就是祖国的未来。我希望这未来不是更堕落，而是更美好。”美好的未来就掌握在各位自己手中，希望大家不畏难、多历练，始终保持昂扬向上的精神状态，努力完善自我，抵达“踏遍青山人未老，风景这边独好”的人生新境界。

同学们，时代在变，北大人“爱国、进步、民主、科学”的传统不会改变，“勤奋、严谨、求实、创新”的学风不会改变，“思想自由，兼容并包”的胸怀不会改变，“以天下为己任”的抱负不会改变，“常为新”的奋斗精神和创新意识不会改变！这些带有“北大印记”的精神特质，应当就是我们在大变革时代永远不变的坚守。

同学们，我一直认为，北大是不可复制的，每一个北大人的人生也是不可复制的。希望大家永远不要被喧嚣、浮躁所迷惑，请勇敢地做你自己，一个更好的自己，做一个堂堂正正、独一无二的北大人。

从今天开始，我相信，无论你们走到哪里，所有的道路都有一个共同的起点，那就是北大，这里是你们永远的精神家园。无论时代如何变革，植根在我们内心

深处的“燕园情”将始终超越时间与空间的界限，这是永远割不断的！

最后，我想把自己思考和酝酿已久的一句话送给在座的各位同学，“一个人的一生，要有追求，要有方向。如果你能在年轻的时候确立自己的目标，你就会节省很多时间，走更少的弯路，你离自己梦想的距离就会更近，实现的可能性就会更大。”

同学们，依依惜别，再见珍重。母校永远祝福你们！祝愿你们乘风破浪，前程万里！

谢谢大家！

第三篇：北大中文系本科生课程

北京大学中文系研究生入学考试综合科目出题范围

现代汉语，包括：语音、词汇、语法、方言、修辞、现代汉字；

古代汉语，包括：音韵、训诂、古代语法、古文字；

语言学理论；

文学理论，包括：基本原理、西方文论、中国古代文论；

中国文学史，包括：中国古代、现代、当代文学；

外国文学史；

比较文学；

中国古代史；

文献学知识。

北京大学中文系不指定考研参考书目，不提供以往考试试题以及导师姓名，以下为中文系本科生各专业四年必修课程及所用教材，仅供参考：

（加括号的课程或书目为2001年9月调整后“没有”列出的），“主要参考书”为调整后新增的。

一、中文系各专业共同必修课及所用教材：

课程名称 教材名称/版别 编著者 出版单位 出版时间

古代汉语 古代汉语（修订本上、下）郭锡良 等 商务印书馆 1999年1月

现代汉语 现代汉语 北京大学中文系现代汉语教研室 商务印书馆 1993年7月

（逻辑导论 新逻辑教程 宋文坚 北京大学出版社 1992年9月）

中国古代文学 中国文学史（1—4）游国恩 等 人民文学出版社 1963年7月

中国文学史参考资料简编（第二版上、下）北京大学中文系古典文学教研室 北京大学出版社 1998年6月

中国现代文学 中国现代文学三十年（修订本）钱理群 等北京大学出版社 1998年7月

中国当代文学（当代中国文学概观（第三版）张钟 等北京大学出版社 1998年3月）

中国当代文学史 洪子诚 北京大学出版社 1999年8月

中国当代文学史料选 谢冕、洪子诚 北京大学出版社 年月

中国当代文学作品精选 谢冕、洪子诚 北京大学出版社 1995年7月

中国古代史中国古代史纲（修订本上、下）张传玺 北京大学出版社 1991年6月

二、汉语言文字学专业必修课及所用教材：

课程名称 教材名称/版别 编著者 出版单位 出版时间

语言学概论 语言学纲要（第三版）叶蜚声、徐通锵 北京大学出版社 1997年4月

理论语言学（无书目）

汉语史 汉语史稿（新一版合订本）王力 中华书局 1980年6月

汉语音韵学（音韵学教程（第二版）唐作藩 北京大学出版社1991年7月）

汉语方言学（汉语方言学教程（内部讲义）北京大学中文系现代汉语教研室1999年8月）

文字学 文字学概要 裘锡圭 商务印书馆 1988年8月

主要参考书

语言学概论 胡明扬、贺阳、沈阳 语文出版社 2000年4月

简明汉语史（上、下）向熹 高等教育出版社 1993年5月

音韵通讲 耿振生 河北教育出版社 2001年5月

古汉语词汇纲要 蒋绍愚 北京大学出版社 1994年11月

语音学教程 林焘、王理嘉 北京大学出版社 1992年11月

词义的分析与描写 符淮清 语文出版社 1996年1月

语法答问 朱德熙 商务印书馆 1985年7月

汉语方言概要（第二版）袁家骅 语文出版社 2001年1月

汉语方言学导论（修订本）游汝杰 上海教育出版社 2000年6月

汉语方言及方言调查 詹伯慧 湖北教育出版社 年月

说文解字 [东汉] 许慎 中华书局 1963年12月

说文解字注 [清] 段玉裁 中华书局 年月

三、中国文学专业必修课及所用教材：

课程名称 教材名称/版别 编著者 出版单位 出版时间

文学原理 文学概论（第三版）蔡仪 人民文学出版社 1984年5月

民间文学概论 中国民间文学概要（增订本）段宝林 北京大学出版社 1998年5月

中国文学理论批评史 中国文学理论批评发展史（上、下）张少康 刘三富 北京大学出版社 1995年6月（外国文学 欧洲文学史（上、下）扬周瀚 人民文学出版社 年月

俄苏文学史（1—3）曹靖华 河南教育出版社 年月）

（比较文学原理 比较文学原理新编 乐黛云 等 北京大学出版社 1998年8月）

主要参考书

文艺美学 胡经之 年月

文学原理 董学文、张永刚 北京大学出版社 2001年1月

文学理论教程 童庆炳 高等教育出版社 1998年4月

文学理论新编 陈传才 等 中国人民大学出版社 年月

文学理论学习资料 北京大学中文系文学理论教研室北京大学出版社 年月

中国文学史 袁行霈 高等教育出版社 1999年8月

中国俗文学史 郑振铎 上海书店 年月

中国戏剧史长编 周贻白 人民文学出版社 年月

先秦文学史参考资料 北京大学中文系古代文学教研室 中华书局 1990年4月

两汉文学史参考资料 北京大学中文系古代文学教研室 中华书局 1990年4月

元代戏曲史稿 天津古籍出版社 年月

中国当代文学教程 陈思和 复旦大学出版社 年月

台湾文学史 刘登翰 海峡文艺出版社 年月

四、中国古典文献学专业必修课及所用教材：

课程名称 教材名称/版别 编著者 出版单位 出版时间

（古籍整理概论（无书目））

古文献学史 中国古文献学史 孙钦善 中华书局 年月

（音韵学 音韵学教程 唐作藩 北京大学出版社 1991年7月）

（文字学 文字学概要 裘锡圭 商务印书馆 1988年8月）

（训诂学（无书目））

校勘学 校勘学大纲 倪其心 北京大学出版社 1987年7月

版本学 古书版本学概论 李致忠 北京图书馆出版社 1990年8月

（目录学 古典目录学 来新夏 中华书局 1991年3月）

（哲学要籍解题（无书目））

史学要籍解题 史部要籍解题 王树民 中华书局 1981年11月

（文学要籍解题（无书目））

工具书使用法 中文工具书教程 朱天俊、李国新 北京大学出版社 1991年7月

中国古代文化 中国古代文化史（１－３）阴法鲁、许树安等 北京大学出版社 1989年11月 主要参考书

清代学术概论 梁启超 上海古籍出版社 年月

校勘学 钱玄 江苏古籍出版社 年月

校勘学释例 陈垣 中华书局 年月

古籍版本学概论 严佑之 华东师范大学出版社 年月

中国古籍版本学 曹之 武汉大学出版社 年月

版本学 姚伯岳 北京大学出版社 年月

中国历史文献简明教程 张传玺 北京大学出版社 1990年7月

文史工具书手册 朱天俊、陈宏天 中国青年出版社 年月

中文工具书参考资料 朱天俊 北京师范大学出版社 年月

第四篇：北大演讲

克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿

PRESIDENT CLINTON:

Thank you.Thank you, President Chen, Chairmen Ren, Vice President Chi, Vice Minister Wei.We are delighted to be here today with a very large American delegation, including the First Lady and our daughter, who is a student at Stanford, one of the schools with which Beijing University has a relationship.We have six members of the United States Congress;the Secretary of State;Secretary of Commerce;the Secretary of Agriculture;the Chairman of our Council of Economic Advisors;Senator Sasser, our Ambassador;the National Security Advisor and my Chief of Staff, among others.I say that to illustrate the importance that the United States places on our relationship with China.I would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university.Gongxi, Beida.(Applause.)As I'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to Yenching University which was founded by American missionaries.Many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an American architect.Thousands of Americans students and professors have come here to study and teach.We feel a special kinship with you.I am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago.In June of 1919, the first president of Yenching University, John Leighton Stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds.At the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared.They were all out leading the May 4th Movement for China's political and cultural renewal.When I read this, I hoped that when I walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here.And I thank you for being here, very much.(Applause.)Over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students.Your graduates are spread throughout China and around the world.You have built the largest university library in all of Asia.Last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors.And in this anniversary year, more than a million people in China, Asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site.At the dawn of a new century, this university is leading China into the future.I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of China's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between China and the United States.The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology.We remember well our strong partnership in World War II.Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.Just three decades ago, China was virtually shut off from the world.Now, China is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations--enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development.You have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale.Today, 40,000 young Chinese study in the United States, with hundreds of thousands more learning in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.Your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside China, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school.As a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty.Per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade.Most Chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.Of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment.Once every urban Chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise.Now you must compete in a job market.Once a Chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in Beijing.Now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world.For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.In the short-term, good, hardworking people--some, at least will find themselves unemployed.And, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years--from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.In the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment.Everything I know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the Chinese people and everything I have heard these last few days in my discussions with President Jiang, Prime Minister Zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you.We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world.I know there are those in China and the United States who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing.But everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.The late Deng Xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts.At the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear.The distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking.Where once an American clipper ship took months to cross from China to the United States.Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors.From laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together.Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.But we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them--the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation.No nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone.We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.In the 21st century--your century--China and the United States will face the challenge of security in Asia.On the Korean Peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future free of nuclear weapons.On the Indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, India and Pakistan risk sparking a new arms race.We are now pursuing a common strategy to move India and Pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.In the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear,chemical, and biological weapons.In the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small.Increasingly, China and the United States agree on the importance of stopping proliferation.That is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.In the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs.Around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government.America knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods.With borders on more than a dozen countries, China has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.Last year, President Jiang and I asked senior Chinese and American law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting.Just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in Beijing, and soon Chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of Washington.In the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense.China's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe--the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.Environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national.For example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, China will overtake the United States as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming.If the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.We must work together.We Americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment.We must do that together for ourselves and for the world.Building on the work that our Vice President, Al Gore, has done previously with the Chinese government, President Jiang and I are working together on ways to bring American clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the Chinese economy at the same time.But I will say this again--this is not on my remarks--your generation must do more about this.This is a huge challenge for you, for the American people and for the future of the world.And it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty.The evidence is clear that does not have to happen.You will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way.But you and the university, communities in China, the United States and throughout the world will have to lead the way.(Applause.)In the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders.When stock markets fall in Hong Kong or Jakarta, the effects are no longer local;they are global.The vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region.China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis--helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations.We must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.In the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress.Already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation--in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes--have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in China and the United States and around the world.Expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.In each of these vital areas that I have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart.That is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.If that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences.I believe the kind of open, direct exchange that President Jiang and I had on Saturday at our press conference--which I know many of you watched on television--can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.From the windows of the White House, where I live in Washington, D.C., the monument to our first President, George Washington, dominates the skyline.It is a very tall obelisk.But very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: The United States neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system.State affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.This created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present.How wonderful it is.Those words were not written by an American.They were written by XuJiyu, governor of Fujian Province, inscribed as a gift from the government of China to our nation in 1853.I am very grateful for that gift from China.It goes to the heart of who we are as a people--the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state.These are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago.These are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage.These are the ideals that Americans cherish today.As I said in my press conference with President Jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals.The people who framed our Constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection.They said that the mission of America would always be “to form a more perfect union”--in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.The darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions.The best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our Declaration of Independence and Constitution more than faded words on old parchment.Today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal--not American rights or European rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights--the right to be treated with dignity;the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.In the last letter of his life, the author of our Declaration of Independence and our third President, Thomas Jefferson, said then that “all eyes are opening to the rights of man.” I believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after Jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.Over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the Former Soviet Union, throughout Central Europe;ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in Latin America;giving more people in Africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence.And from the Philippines to South Korea, from Thailand to Mongolia, freedom has reached Asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.Economic security also can be an essential element of freedom.It is recognized in the United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.In China, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people.Incomes are up, poverty is down;people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel--the ability to make a better life.But true freedom includes more than economic freedom.In America, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.Over the past four days, I have seen freedom in many manifestations in China.I have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland.I have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections.I have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world.I've heard people speak their minds and I have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing.In all these ways I felt a steady breeze of freedom.The question is, where do we go from here? How do we work together to be on the right side of history together? More than 50 years ago, Hu Shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: “Now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free.But I reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom.The struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character.”

We Americans believe Hu Shi was right.We believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said, “Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults.” Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States when the President has more friends than anyone else in America.(Laughter.)But it is so.In the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength.Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.It is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young Chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential.That is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate.For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead.Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change.China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow.Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.The new century is upon us.All our sights are turned toward the future.Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries.Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth.This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come.It can be a time when the world again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works.It can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.The United States wants to work with you to make that time a reality.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

第五篇：中文系毕业论文格式

定西师范高等专科学校

毕业论文

论文题目

系别专业班级学号

姓名指导教师

年月日

（空二号两行）

（题目：二号加粗，居中）

（空五号一行）

学生：某某某指导教师：某某（居中五号，“学生：某某某”与“指导教师”间空4格）

（空五号二行）

[摘要]（五号加粗，内容不加粗）

[关键字]（五号加粗，内容不加粗，用分号隔开）

[Abstract]（五号加粗，内容不加粗）

[Keywords]（五号加粗，内容不加粗，用分号隔开）

(空五号二行)

（正文小四号）

(正文与参考文献间空五号二行)

[参考文献]（五号加粗，内容不加粗，文中采用右上角标[1]、[2]）

（论文5000-8000字，全部采用A4打印，宋体，1.5倍行距。原则上不允许另加注释，均采用尾注。封面采用学校教务处制定的统一封面。页码居中（封面不加页码）。文中标题的顺序为

一、某某

（一）某某

1.某某

原则上只允许出现3级标题，文中举例，也须有标题，全用（1）、（2）

《龙龛手镜》与《广韵》音切比较研究

学生：某某某指导教师：某某某

[摘要]《龙龛手镜》是辽宋时期的一部重要字书。自沈括《梦溪笔谈》著录以来，古代文人对其多有褒贬。自上世纪七十年代陈飞龙全面研究《龙龛手镜》的首部专著问世以来，关于《龙龛手镜》的研究才步入正轨。研究内容主要集中在音韵学、文字学、文献学、辞书学等方面，成果显著。但仍有待深入研究。

[关键字]《龙龛手镜》；《广韵》；音切比较

[Abstract] Longkanshoujing is an important dictionary in the period of Liao dynasty.From Mengxibitan wtitten by shenkuo, many scholars in ancient China did the positive or negative appraisal.From 1970's Chen Feilong began to study Longkanshoujing comprehensively.Since his first monograph published, the study on Longkanshoujing has walked into the right path.The research domain mainly concentrate in the phonology, the philology, the version and collation study, the dictionary study and so on.[Keywords] Longkanshoujing;Guangyun;Yin-qie;phonetic system

一、引言

（一）行均与《龙龛手镜》成书情况

《龙龛手镜》（下文简称《龙龛》）的作者行均，是辽幽州（今北京）高僧，具体生卒年无考。《辽史》无传。据智光序，可知他祖籍“青齐”（今山东一带），后出家在“燕晋”（今河北、山西一带）为僧，大约生活于五代末叶至辽圣宗统和年间（公元10世纪中后期）。据《续资治通鉴长编》记载，行均“字广济，北地于氏子。博学多闻，淹贯群书。能诗文，尤精文字音韵，士夫多就学之”。《龙龛》是其在五台山金河寺以五年之功编撰的一部汉字字书，此外没有其它著[1]

作传世。但仅此一书足以使他跻身于我国古代语言学家之列。

行均精于文字、音韵之学。其时佛教经典抄写中讹俗字流行，这给佛教徒研读经卷带来了很大的不便。行均有感于此，为了帮助佛教徒通解文字、研读佛经，参考了大量韵书、字书、佛经音义和写本经卷中的文字，大约于宋太宗至道三年（997）写成了这部辨正字形兼注音释义的字书。

（二）《龙龛手镜》的流传与版本概况

《龙龛》成书后，最早有辽刻本行世。《曝书杂记》曾记钱梦庐语云：“《龙龛手鉴》，昔年书友顾姓携辽板大字本，余怂恿小重山馆主人购藏，不果。”后来此书流传到宋朝。据《梦溪笔谈》[2]卷十五载，辽国律法森严，只要有人将本国之书传入中国，就会判处死刑。因此，《龙龛》问世后七十余年，至宋神宗熙宁年间（1068～1077），才有人偶然从辽国的俘虏手中获得。不久，蒲传正（名宗孟）于元佑二年（1087）知杭州时予以刊刻。该书原名《龙龛手镜》，后因避宋翼祖“赵敬”讳而将“镜”改为“鉴”。因受到人们欢迎，《龙龛》被多次印刷，还流布朝鲜与日本。国内传世诸本一般为四卷本，而《经籍访古志》卷二野上俊静《龙龛手鉴杂考》云：“除四卷本外，另有八卷本，收隋唐通用之俗字和异字。或谓此八卷本系在韩国完成。”这个八卷本刊行于朝鲜与日本。日本元和年间（1616～1623），有古活字本印行。另据智光序文所言，《龙龛》初版时还附有《五音图式》。有人认为它可能是早期的等韵图，但国内外现存各版本中均未见到此图。也有人推测《四声等子》就是失传的《五音图式》，但根据尚不充分。

[参考文献]

[1]行均《龙龛手镜》，中华书局1985年。

[2]沈括《梦溪笔谈》，商务印书馆1987年。