第一篇:小学英语词组语法以及学习方法和精练短句等
小学英语补习班第一小学英语学习方法……第二小学英语词组归纳大全……第三小学英语词组整理……第四小学英语精炼短语400句……第五英语中的人称代词……第六小学英语语法大全......2第一小学英语学习方法短课授课法一年纪的孩子身体正处于成长发育的程特别是神经系统不过成熟注意力集中时间只有二十分钟左右.根据儿童的这一心理特点教材编著特点在于编排教材时注意到家教教师可以根据教学对象的不同进行长短课40分钟到20分钟的选择.学校针对三年级儿童好动的性格可采用短课授课英语天天见的形式效果很好.孩子们上这种课往往是达到兴奋的高潮就要和老师说bye-bye了此时的心情的恋恋不舍意犹未尽以至于在接下来的一节别的学科中仍然可以听见学生大声地喊quotmequotquotIcanquot等抢着举手发言的情景.正是这样意犹未尽的感觉和为了明天更好地表现他们往往回家后会主动地听英语录音带为下一课的学习做了很好的准备因而教师上课上得轻松学生学得愉快游戏竞赛法游戏竞赛等活动不仅可以使学生产生愉快的心情而且有利于激发学生学习英语的兴趣.孩子们通过玩玩乐乐涂涂画画等形式在学中玩玩中学自然愉快地学习英语.3例如在上课时灵活采用quotSimonsaysquotquot击鼓传花quotquot猜猜看quotquotbingogamesquotquotlittleteacherquot等很普通常见但便于在常规中进行操作的游戏和竞赛方式对学生进行启蒙英语口语教学训练使儿童在游戏竞赛中保持着极大的学习兴趣并使他们在这些教师可以安排的活动中通过眼鼻耳舌等各个感觉器官全身心地体验英语.因此在儿童早期英语教学中针对他们活泼好动的特点让他们quot动手动脚quot地学习英语不失为一种行之有效的教学方法.唱歌表演法几乎在每一堂课之后都应该安排一首歌曲或歌谣其歌词是课文中所学的主要内容谱上简单优美活泼的调子极易上口的表演同时每个单元基本使用相同的一二个调子符合儿童喜欢重复的心理生理特点.利用教材本身这一典型的特点在上课的过程中采用丰富多彩的形式教唱这些歌曲.如:拍打节奏唱一唱手舞足蹈唱一唱男女对抗唱一唱小组竞赛唱一唱个人夺冠唱一唱.学生们都十分感兴趣课堂内外走廊上下能经常听见他们在哼唱这些英语歌曲有的甚至还模rabbit蹦一蹦模仿panda爬一爬.通过唱歌表演不仅调动了学生的学习积极性而且复习巩固了所学的主要内容.4直观教具法在小学英语教学中应用直观教具进行直观教学可以提高学生感知的自觉性加深学生的印象有力的促进学生对所学知识的掌握与巩固从而提高教学质量.直观教具作为实现直观教学的手段包括实物挂图卡片玩具头饰木偶简笔画投影等.根据内容的特点经常使用。实物玩具头饰和简笔画进行英语教学.小学生对头饰是情有独钟非常喜欢的.运用得当就能发挥出较好的效果.第二小学英语词组归纳大全anewstudent一个新学生anewteacher一个新老师I’mnewhere.我是新来的.Welcometoourschool.欢迎到我们学校.excuseme打扰一下theboyinthetree树上的那个男孩letmesee让我看看comedown下来climbtrees爬树inthezoo在动物园里comehere过来5themanoverthere那边的那个男人goodevening晚上好ataparty在聚会上mybrother我的弟弟/哥哥theboywithbigeyes大眼睛的那个男孩nicetomeetyou见到你很高兴theoneinthewhiteskirt那个穿着白色短裙的whichone哪一个themanwithabigmouth那个大嘴巴的男人theoneinred那个穿红衣服的thegirlwithasmallnose那个小鼻子的女孩thewomanwithlonghair那个长头发的妇女belateforschool上学迟到theboywithbigears大耳朵的那个男孩theoneinthegreenshirt那个穿着绿色衬衫的男人inthecar在小汽车里mygoodfriend我的好朋友hersmalleye她的小眼睛abignose一个大鼻子You’reright.你是对的anoldwoman一个老太太buyfruit买水果6somegrapes一些葡萄howmanykilos多少公斤threekilos三公斤I’dlike---我想要------Hereyouare.给你.theseapples这些苹果thoseoranges那些桔子theseorthose这些还是那些CanIhelpyou我能为你效劳吗营业员用语bytaxi坐出租车onfoot步行gobytaxi坐出租车去gotothetheatre去剧院gothere去那儿gototheGreatWall去长城gotothesupermarket去超市thistrainforShanghai去上海的火车theplaneforBeijing去北京的航班goodidea好主意playfootball踢足球intheschool在学校befree有空.7gotoschoolbybike骑自行车去学校atasnackbar在一家小吃店快餐店里howabout---------怎么样somenoodles一些面条Somethingtodrink一些喝的东西somethingtoeat一些吃的东西orange/applejuice桔汁/苹果汁Anythingelse还要别的东西吗acupofcoffee/tea一杯咖啡/茶aglassofmilk/juice一杯牛奶/果汁somechocolate一些巧克力somesweets一些糖果somewater一些水playbasketball打篮球somecakes一些蛋糕getup起床havesomejuice喝点果汁Whatwouldyoulike你要什么openday接待日ourclassroom我们的教室watchTV看电视bigandbright又大又明亮8inyourclassroom在你的教室里inclass在课上nearthewindow靠近窗somesongbooks一些歌本onthepiano在钢琴上lotsofbooks许多书inthelibrary在图书馆里intheplayground在操场上Onthechair在椅子上onthetable在桌上openthebluebox打开蓝色的盒子inthecupboard在碗柜里onthetable在桌上inthefridge在冰箱里onthesofa在沙发上usechopsticks用筷子I’dliketotry.我想试试.apairofchopsticks一双筷子Letmetryagain.让我再试试.inmyclassroom在我的教室里Goodidea好主意thefirstdayofthenewterm新学期的第一天9allthestudents所有的学生atschool在学校seeeachother互相见面anewbuilding一座新大楼alotof许多I’mnotsure.我不确定。goandsee去看看havealook看一看howmany多少nearyourhouse在你的房子附近ontheplate在盘子里herparents她的父母nearherschool在她的学校附近verymuch很非常somedolls一些洋娃娃onthewall在墙上amapoftheworld一幅世界地图amapofChina一幅中国地图behindthedoor在门后inthebasketball在篮子里underthebed在床下onmychair在我的椅子上10inthecat’smouth在猫的嘴里lookhappy看起来快乐ataMusiclesson在一节音乐课上twoo’clockintheafternoon下午两点钟inthemusicroom在音乐室里haveamusiclesson上一节音乐课singasong唱首歌唱歌followme跟着我singtogether一起唱makeapuppet做木偶makeamodelplane做飞机模型做模型飞机playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheguitar弹吉他playthepiano弹钢琴putabookonyourhead在你头上放一本书haveanicecream吃冰淇淋afterclass下课后playbasketball打篮球aHalloweenparty一个万圣节聚会Whatdotheyneed他们需要什么asks喜欢面具apumpkinlantern一个南瓜灯11Whatelsedoyouneed你还需要些什么这儿是你的零钱。somesweets一些糖果onSaturdaysandSundays在周六和周日likeswimming喜欢游泳playtabletenniswithfriends和朋友打乒乓watchTV看电视listentomusic听音乐readthebook读书openthedoor开门writethenewwords写新单词readthebook读书drawapicture画一幅画drinkthewater喝水thisredvase这个红色的花瓶inthepicture在图片里eatthenoodles吃面条puttheflowersinthevase把花放在花瓶里playcomputergames打电脑游戏dohousework做家务Sundaymorning星期天上午athome在家12Areyoufreenow你现在有空吗扫地、擦地板cleanthewindows擦窗户dohomework做家庭作业helpmewithmyMaths帮助我学习数学thisafternoon今天下午washclothes洗衣服做作业doone’shomework加入我们joinus开始上课classesbegin洗衣服washclothes13在周末attheweekends过周末spendone’sweekends谈论talkabout在星期五下午onFridayafternoon放学后afterschool上网surftheInternet向我学英语learnEnglishfromme听音乐listentomusic在家athome荡秋千playontheswings做家务dohousework当然ofcourse/sure看卡通watchcartoons抓昆虫catchinsects抓蝴蝶catchbutterflies我们的好朋友ourgoodfriends一所小学aPrimarySchool在树上inthetree/onthetree在瓶子里inbottles英语俱乐部theEnglishClub不同的国家differentcountries居住在纽约liveinNewYork14说英语speakEnglish教英语teachEnglish一个大城市abigcity读书readbooks参观中国visitChina日本参观者Japanesevisitors一个英国朋友anEnglishfriend发邮件writeane-mail写信writealetter打乒乓playtabletennis居住livein一个小镇asmalltown相同的年龄thesameage在学校atschool从周一到周五fromMondaytoFriday大声地说speakloudly跑得快runfast跳得高jumphigh走路小心walkcarefully安静地坐sitquietly跳舞跳得美dancebeautifully拍照takephotos15第三小学英语词组整理gotoschool去上学gohome回家gocamping去野营gotoparties去参加聚会gotoBeijing去北京gotothesupermarket去超市去散步goforawalk去邮局gotothepostofficefeedthefish喂鱼washclothes洗衣服watertheflowers浇花cleanthekitchen打扫厨房watchTV看电视watchcartoons看动画片watchthemoon赏月watchthedragonboatraces观看龙舟比赛visitthezoo参观动物园planttrees种树playvolleyball打排球playalotofgames玩许多游戏playwithlanterns玩灯笼playwithballoons玩气球playwithfriends和朋友玩cookalotoffood做许多食物haveagoodtime玩得很高兴haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐16聊天haveachatcomeafter在……之后到来ondifferentholidays在不同的节日NewYearsDay元旦onNewYearsDay在元旦atChristmas在圣诞节atSpringFestival节lastSpringFestival上个春节lastHalloween去年万圣节atEaster在复活节lastyear去年apopularholiday一个流行的节日onChristmasDay在圣诞日Christmastrees圣诞树Christmaspresents圣诞礼物thepresentsundertheChristmastree在圣诞树下的礼物visittheirrelativesandfriends拜访他们的亲戚和朋友eatlotsofdeliciousfood吃许多美味的食物eatmooncakes吃月饼eatchocolateeggs吃巧克力蛋ofcourse当然listentohim听他讲inthegrass在草丛中17inChina在中国makepumpkinlanterns制作南瓜灯笼givepresentstoyourfriends把礼物给你的朋友thisafternoon今天下午afterlunch午餐后atweekends在周末singanddance唱歌跳舞跳高highjump跳远longjumpsomany这么多fromgrandmother来自祖母openitforme为我打开它likedrinkingtea喜欢喝茶atJimshouse在吉姆家writeinthediary在日记上写sitatthebackofthebus坐在公共汽车的后面theseatinfrontofme在我前面的座位18thewomanbesidehim在他旁边的妇女walktothedriver走向驾驶员Youarewelcome.不用谢很高兴见到…begladtosee双胞胎姐妹twinsisters看起来很像lookthesame大10年tenyearsolderthan小20分钟twentyminutesyoungerthan唯一的孩子theonlychild再试试tryagain擅长于英语begoodatEnglish擅长于唱歌begoodatsinging…做得好dowellin一位好篮球运动员agoodbasketballplayer男孩中的一些someoftheboys在我班里inmyclass19别担心。Don’tworry.做更多锻炼domoreexercise变得更强壮getstronger起得早getupearly怎样到达那儿howtogettheregetoff下车在第二个车站下车getoffatthesecondstop到达购物中心gettotheshoppingcentre拿回钱包getmypurseback来自于befrom/comefrom慢跑去学校jogtoschool开始上课startourlesson读新单词readthenewwords我们所有人allofus上学迟到belateforschool告诉我tellme多远howfar沿着街走walkalongthestreet五公里远fivekilometresaway错过它missit在你右边onyouright一段长的距离alongwalk乘5路车takebusNo.520每五分钟everyfiveminutes每六天everysixdays在中山路onZhongshanRoad在街上inthestreet在电影院前infrontofthecinema一本关于动物的书abookaboutanimals跑出商店runoutoftheshop过来帮助cometohelp沿着街跑runalongthestreet开始跑starttorun下个星期要一年foroneyear知道天气knowtheweather纽约的天气theweatherinNewYork在夏天insummer21最好的季节thebestseason哪个季节whichseason最喜欢春天likespringbest冬天需要温暖的衣服needwarmclothesforwinter堆雪人makesnowmen/makeasnowman树木变绿thetreeturngreen在乡下inthecountryside听起来不错。Soundsgreat.大多数时间mostofthetime有课上课haveschool他们的周末计划theirplansfortheweekend看京剧seeaBeijingopera加入我们joinus花园剧院theGardenTheatre顺便问问bytheway22明天下午tomorrowafternoon在音乐会上attheconcert和Jim一起来comewithJim去远足goonanouting野餐haveapicnic看演出seeaplaywritehisdiary写他的日记undertheseat在座位下面openthepresents打开礼物listentomusic听音乐walkthedog遛狗购物goshopping收集邮票collectstamps收集中国邮票collectChinesestamps种花growflowers做衣服makeclothes洗衣服washclothesBen的爱好Ben’shobby一些爱好somehobbies许多漂亮的邮票manybeautifulstamps出示…给…看show…to…动物邮票animalstamps在花园里inthegarden做饭cookfood23浇花watertheflowers相同的爱好thesamehobby一次电话通话atelephonecall午饭以后afterlunch呆在床上stayinbed严重的咳嗽abadcough吃药takesomemedicine去看医生gotoseeadoctor张开你的嘴openyourmouth好好休息haveagoodrest打错电话wrongnumber新学期anewterm星期一上午Mondaymorning在星期一上午onMondaymorning她的学生herstudents第一节课thefirstlesson欢迎回到学校welcomebacktoschool什么科目whatsubjects八门课eightsubjects八节课eightlessons在一周内inaweek立刻马上atonce他的家人hisfamily感觉病了feelill来自日本fromJapanNosmoking禁止吸烟Nolittering禁止扔杂物Noparking禁止停车Noeatinganddrinking禁止吃喝24keepoffthegrass不接近草坪Bequiet保持安静Donottouch不要摸climbtrees爬树gotothepark去公园gohome回家alotofalot大量的许多publicsigns公共标志onthewall在墙上stayawayfrom…远离……walkonthegrass在草地上走hebird’scage鸟笼makenoise发出噪音takeawalk散步aten-yuannote一张十元的钞票lookaround四周看pickup捡起anewstudentinBen’sclass本班上的一位新学生gohometogether一起回家afterschool放学以后talkabout谈论有关……thethirdofMarch三月三日yourbirthday你的生日blowout吹灭asabirthdaypresent作为生日礼物birthdaycake生日蛋糕cometomybirthdayparty来参加我的生日聚会haveabirthdayparty举办生日聚会aVCDofJapanesecartoons一张日本卡通光盘25makeabirthdaycard做一张生日贺卡takeoff脱下SportsDay运动日allthestudents所有的学生veryexciting非常令人兴奋lookfor寻找arunningrace一场赛跑letmesee让我看看amomentago/justnow刚才ontheground在地上pickthemupforme帮我把它们捡起来infrontof在……前面apairofglasses一副眼镜单数arolloffilm一卷胶卷单数threediaries三本日记apairofearphones一副耳机单数listentomusic听音乐yesterdayevening昨天晚上underthetable在桌子下面closeyoureyes闭上你的眼睛playagame玩游戏国庆日
国庆假期上个星期/去年假期后很早上学–在学校操场上上课前–一部有趣的卡通片和我的家人一起参观农场在农场里浇树拔胡萝卜挤牛奶收集鸡蛋果树摘许多橘子品尝它们去农场拜访刘涛的祖父母野营旅行在一个营地上做许多食物玩许多游戏去野营玩得很高兴在……之后到来NewYearsDay元旦onNewYearsDay在元旦atChristmas在圣诞节gotoparties去参加聚会haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐atSpringFestival在春节WhatdopeopleusuallydoatSpringFestival人们通常在春节干什么ivesandfriends拜访他们的亲戚和朋友eatlotsofdeliciousfood吃许多美味的食物lastSpringFestival上个春节ofcourse当然27myfavouriteholiday我最喜爱的节日inOctober在十月dressupincostumes用戏服装扮lastHalloween去年万圣节eatmooncakes吃月饼playwithlanterns玩灯笼watchthemoon赏月ondifferentholidays在不同的节日lastyear去年atEaster在复活节listentohim听他讲inthegrass在草丛中apopularholiday一个流行的节日inChina在中国第四小学英语精炼短语400句1.我明白了。2.Iquit我不干了3.Letgo放手我也是。5.Mygod天哪6.Noway不行来吧赶快等一等。9.Iagree。我同意。还不错。还没。再见。13.Shutup闭嘴再见。15.Whynot好呀为什么不呢让我来。17.Bequiet安静点18.Cheerup振作起来19.Goodjob做得好20.Havefun玩得开心21.Howmuch多少钱我饱了。23.我回来了。我迷路了。我请客。我也一样。27.Thisway。这边请。您先。29.Blessyou祝福你跟我来。31.Forgetit休想算了32.Goodluck祝好运2933.Idecline我拒绝我保证。35.Ofcourse当然了36.Slowdown慢点37.Takecare保重伤口疼。3再试试。40.Watchout当心。41.Whatsup有什么事吗42.Becareful注意43.Bottomsup干杯见底44.Dontmove不许动45.Guesswhat猜猜看46.Idoubtit我怀疑。47.It我也这么想。我是单身贵族。49.Keepitup坚持下去50.Letmese让我想想。不要紧。52.Noproblem没问题53.Thatsall就这样54.Ti时间快到了。3055.Whatsnew有什么新鲜事吗56.Countmeon算上我。57.Do别担心。58.Feelbetter好点了吗59.Iloveyou我爱你60.Imhisfan。我是他的影迷。61.Isityours这是你的吗这很好。63.Areyousure你肯定吗64.Dolhaveto非做不可吗65.Heis他和我同岁。给你。67.Nooneknows.没有人知道。别紧张。69.Whatapity太遗憾了70.Anythingelse还要别的吗71.Tobecareful一定要小心72.Domeafavor帮个忙好吗别客气。我在节食。保持联络。时间就是金钱。3177.Whoscalling是哪一位你做得对。79.Yousetmeup你出卖我80.CanIhelpyou我能帮你吗81.Enjoyyourself祝你玩得开心先生对不起。83.Givemeahand帮帮我84.Howsitgoing怎么样我没有头绪。86.Ijustmadeit我做到了87.Illseetoit我会留意的。88.Iminahurry我在赶时间8这是她的本行。由你决定。91.Justwonderful简直太棒了92.Whataboutyou你呢你欠我一个人情。不客气。哪一天都行夕96.Areyoukidding你在开玩笑吧97.Congratulations祝贺你98.Tcanthelpit.我情不自禁。3299.Idontmeanit.我不是故意的。100.Illfixy我会帮你打点的。听起来很不错。102.Itsafineday。今天是个好天。目前还不错。104.Whattimeisit几点了105.Youcanmakeit你能做到106.Controlyourself克制一下他乘火车来。108.Hei他卧病在床。他缺乏勇气。110.Howseverything一切还好吧我别无选择。112.Ilikeice-我喜欢吃冰淇淋。113.我钟爱这项运动。114.Illtrym我尽力而为。115.ImOnyourside我全力支持你。116.Longtimenosee好久不见不劳无获。118噢这得看情况。我们全都同意。120.Whatagooddeal真便宜33121.Wh.
第二篇:初二英语词组与语法
初二年级(上)
I.重点短语 1.on time 2.best wishes 3.give a talk 4.for example 5.short for 6.a waste of time 7.go on a field trip 8.go fishing 9.I agree 10.next week 11.the day after tomorrow 12.have a picnic 13.have some problems doing sth.14.go the wrong way 15.hurry up 16.get together 17.in the open air 18.on Mid-Autumn Day 19.come over 20.have to 21.get home
22.agree with 23.in the country 24.in town 25.all the same 26.in front of 27.on the left/right side 28.next to 29.up and down 30.keep healthy 31.grow up 32.at the same time 33.the day before yesterday 35.last Saturday 36.half an hour ago 37.a moment ago 38.just now 39.by the way 40.all the time 41.at first II.重要句型 1.have fun doing sth.2.Why don’t you„? 3.We’re going to do sth.4.start with sth.5.Why not„? 6.Are you going to„? 7.be friendly to sb.8.You’d better do sth.9.ask sb.for sth.10.say goodbye to sb.11.Good luck(with sb)!III.交际用语 1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me.I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day!5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do? 7.Where are we going ? 8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at„ 10.It’s not far from„ 11.Are you free tomorrow evening? 12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival? 13.I’m glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one? 16.May I have a taste?
17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do? 19.Do you live on a farm?
20.Which do you like better, the city or the country? 21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens? 22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.---Let’s make it half past one.---OK.24.---Why not come a little earlier?---All right.25.Excuse me.Where’s the nearest post office, please? 26.It’s over there on the right.27.I’m sorry I don’t know.28.You’d better„ 29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take? 31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday? 33.I’m sorry to hear that.34.I hope you’re better now.35.Why did you call me? 36.I called to tell„ IV.重要语法 1.be going to的用法; 2.形容词的比较级、最高级; 3.形容词和副词的比较 4.一般过去时 【易混淆的考点】 1.on the street / in the street 表示“在街上”时,on the street 和 in the street 都可以,在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street.例如: We have a house in the street.我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street.我在街上遇见了他。2.would like / like would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”,“爱好”,而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较: I like beer.=I’m fond of beer.我喜欢喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗? Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 3.another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。例如: May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗? This coat is too small for me.Please show me another这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如: He has two rulers.One is short.The other is long.他有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长的。I have two brothers.One works in Xi’an.The other works in Beijing.我有两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作。
4.have to /must
(1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时,常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用have to。例如: I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟。(自己想戒烟)They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得他们去工作)
(2)have to 可用于多种时态,must 只能用于一般现在时。例如:
I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
(3)用于否定句时,mustn’t意思是“决不能”,“禁止”,而don’t have to意思是“不必”,相当于needn’t。例如:
You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。You don’t have to go there today.You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5.hear sb.or sth.doing sth./ herar sb.or sth.do sth.hear sb.or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”,而hear sb.or sth.do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较: I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。
6.any /some any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较: I want some money.我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗? I don’t have any money.我一点钱也没有。some 有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如: Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗? Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗? 7.hear /listen to listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作,hear 强调“听”的结果。例如: Listen to me ,please!I’m going to tell you a story.请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。Listen!Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗? I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听,但什么也听不见。hear 后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”。例如: I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。8.Let’s… /Let us… Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用shall we.如果us 不包括听话人在内,其含义不同,Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如: Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗? 9.take/ bring/ carry /get 这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思,但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”,“拿走”,bring意为“带来”,“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”,carry不强调方向,带有负重的意思。试比较: My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。10.far away /faraway(1)far away是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”。例如: Some are far away.Some are nearer.有些离得很远,有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。(2)faraway是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”,可以在句中作定语。例如: He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11.find / look for find和look for 都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果,而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句: He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表,但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外,find还有“发现”;“感到”等意思。例如: I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12.in front of /in the front of In front of 表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部,在某物的范围内。试比较: My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】 1.be going to的用法; 2.形容词的比较级、最高级; 3.形容词和副词的比较 4.一般过去时 5.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 6.本单元学过的日常交际用语。
初二年级(中)
I.重点短语 1.give a concert 2.fall down 3.go on 4.at the end of 5.go back 6.in ahurry 7.write down 8.come out 9.all the year round 10.later on 11.at times 12.ring sb.up 13.Happy New Year!14.have a party 15.hold on 16.hear from 17.be ready 18.at the moment 19.take out 20.the same as 21.turn over 22.get-together 23.put on 24.take a seat 25.wait for 26.get lost 27.just then 28.first of all 29.go wrong 30.make a noise 31.get on 32.get off 33.stand in line 34.at the head of 35.laugh at 36.throw about 37.in fact 38.at midnight 39.enjoy oneself 40.have a headache 41.have a cough 42.fall asleep 43.again and again 44.look over 45.take exercise II.重要句型 1.be good for sth.2.I think „ 3.I hope„ 4.I love„ 5.I don’t like„ 6.I’m sure„ 7.forget to do sth.8.take a message for sb.9.give sb.the message 10.help yourself to sth.11.be famous for sth.12.on one’s way to„ 13.make one’s way to„ 14.quarrel with sb.15.agree with sb.16.stop sb.from doing sth.III.交际用语 1.What’s the weather like today? 2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman? 6.Ok.Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?? 9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok.But I’m afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.That’s OK.It doesn’t matter.14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like...? Would you like to...? 18.Do you think...? Yes, I think so./ No, I don't think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree./ No, don't really agree.I really can't agree.20.There are a few / a lot of.../ on it.21.So do we.22.I'm happy you like it.23.Which is the way to..., please? 24.Turn right/left at the...crossing.25.Go on until you reach...26.How can I get to...? Go down/up/along this road.27.What's the matter? 28.It'll take you half an hour to...29.We'd better catch a bus.30.It may be in...Ah, so it is 31.You must be more careful!32.You mustn't cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.37.I don't feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.40.What's the trouble? 41.What's the matter with„? 42.She didn't feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in„ 45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV.重要语法 1.一般过去时; 2.反意疑问句的用法; 3.一般将来时; 4.感叹句; 5.简单句的五种基本句型; 6.情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法; 7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【易混淆的考点】 1.above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above指在某物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较: There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head.我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river.河面上有座石桥。2.forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”,实际上已经做过了。试比较: I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。类似的词还有:remember, regret等。3.hope/wish hope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如: I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。I hope you’ll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold.但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he will come, too.我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb.to do sth.的结构,而hope不可以。例如: Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来? 4.be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb.or sth.(1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思是“一定”,“肯定”。例如: Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。It’s a good film.You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如: I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。5.hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”,从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如: I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”(=receive a letter from sb.)。例如: I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A.last month.上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。I heard from her last week.我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”,“得知”(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如: Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing!这样的事我从来没有听说过。6.It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如:---Thank you for helping me.谢谢你地帮助。---It’s a pleasure.那是我乐意做的。---Thanks a lot.Bye.非常感谢。再见。---It’s a pleasure.那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.” With pleasure也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如:---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 请你把报纸递给我好吗?---With pleasure.当然可以。
7.seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如: He seems / looks(to be)very happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。It looks(seems)as if it it is going to rain.好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look: 1)后跟不定式to do时。如: He seems to know the answer.他似乎知道答案。2)在It seems that...结构中。如: It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。8.be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for„表示“已作好„的准备”,强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for„表示“为„做准备”,强调行为。如: I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示 “不轻易做某事”。如: He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。9.at table/at the table at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁边。例如: The Greens are at table.格林一家人在吃饭。Mr.Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。10.reach, arrive/get to 三者都有“到达”之意。reach是及物动词,后直接加名词,get和arrive是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to去掉;arrive at +小地方,arrive in+大地方。如: Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.露西8点前到了动物园。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的? It was late when I got home.我到家时天色已晚。11.sick/ill 二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,ill只作表语,不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有“呕吐,恶心”的意思,只能作表语,而ill无此意。如: Li Lei was ill last week.(只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man.(作定语)他是病人。不能说成:He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year.(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个 月。12.in time/on time in time是“及时”的意思,on time是“准时,按时”。如: I didn't get to the bus stop in time.我没有及时赶上汽车。We'll finish our job on time.我们要按时完成任务。13.may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket.= Maybe it is in your inside pocket.也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分,意思是“也许是”,“可能是”;第二句中的maybe是副词,意思是“可能”,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词perhaps。再如: Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说You maybe put it in that bag.)It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说It maybe a hat.或It maybe is a hat.)14.noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如: Don't make so much noise!别那么大声喧哗!I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.在电话里我听不出约翰的声 音。He spoke in a low voice.他低声说话。We heard a strange sound.我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.声音传得快,但是光传得更快。【考点扫描】 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: 1.一般过去时; 2.反意疑问句的用法; 3.一般将来时; 4.感叹句; 5.简单句的五种基本句型; 6.情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法; 7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句; 8.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 9.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。初二英语(下)I.重点短语1.on time 2.out of 3.all by oneself 4.lots of 5.no longer 6.get back 7.sooner or later 8.run away 9.eat up 10.take care of 11.turn off 12.turn on 13.after a while 14.make faces 15.teach oneself 16.fall off 17.play the piano 18.knock at 19.to one's surprise 20.look up 21.enjoy oneself 22.help yourself 23.tell a story / stories 24.leave....behind …… 25.come along 26.hold a sports meeting 27.be neck and neck 28.as...as 29.not so / as...as 30.do one's best 31.take part in 32.a moment late 33.Bad luck!34.fall behind 35.high jump 36.long jump 37.relay race 38.well done!39.take off 40.as usual 41.a pair of 42.at once 43.hurry off 44.come to oneself 45.after a while 46.knock on 47.take care of 48.at the moment 49.set off 50.here and there 51.on watch 52.look out 53.take one’s place
II.重要句型1.We’d better not do sth.2.leave one.oneself 3.find one’s way to a place 4.stand on one’s head 5.make sb.Happy 6.catch up with sb.7.pass on sth.to somebody 8.spend time doing sth.9.go on doing sth.10.get on well with sb.11.be angry with sb.12.be fed up with sth.13.not…until… 14.make room for sb.III.交际用语1.We’re all by ourselves.2.I fell a little afraid.3.Don’t be afraid.4.Help!5.Can’t you hear anything? 6.I can’t hear anything / anybody there.7.Maybe it’s a tiger.8.Let’s get it back before they eat the food.9.Did she learn all by herself? 10.Could she swim when she was …years old? 11.She didn’t hurt herself.12.He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.13.Did he enjoy himself? 14.Help yourselves.15.Bad luck!16.Come on!17.Well done!Congratulations(to…)!18.It must be very interesting.19.I don’t think you’ll like it.20.It seems to be an interesting book.21.I’m sure(that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to… 22.I hope so.23.What was he/she drawing when…? 24.I’m sorry to trouble you.25.Would you please…? 26.What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning? 27.You look tired today.28.You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29.How kind!30.Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31.It’s really nice of you.32.Don’t mention it.33.Don’t crowd around him.IV.重要语法1.不定代词/副词的运用; 2.反身代
表示“带来、拿来”,词的用法; 3.并列句; 4.形容词和副词的比较等级; 5.冠词的用法; 6.动词的过去进行时; 【易混淆的考点】1.bring/take Bring指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”,它表示的方向与bring相反,指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如: Bring me the book, please.把那本书给我拿来。Take some food to the old man.给那位老人带去些食物。2.somebody/ anybody/nobody 一般说来,somebody用于定句,anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如: Somebody came to see you when you were out.你出来时有人来见你。Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗? I didn't see anybody there.我在那儿谁也没看见。Don't let anybody in.I'm too busy to see anybody.别让任何人进来。我太忙,谁也不想见。There is nobody in the room.房间里没人。Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it.谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。3.listen, listen to, hear 这三个词意思都是“听”,但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于:(1)listen 只用于不及物动词,后面接人或人物做宾语,着重于“倾听”,指的是有意识的动作,至于是否听到,并非强调的重点。如: Listen!Someone is singing in the classroom.听!有人在教室唱歌。(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式,后面一定要接人或物做宾语,这里的to是介词。如: Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗?(3)hear 可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“听到、听见”,指用耳朵听到了某个声音,表示无意识的动作,着重于听的能力和结果。如: We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听,但是什么也没有听见。4.many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词;都表示许多。例如: He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。(2)a few和a little都表示“有一点儿”,侧重于肯定,相当于“some”,但a few修 饰可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词,例如: He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗?好的,只要一点。(3)few和little表示“几乎没有”,侧重否定。few后接可数名词,little后接不可数名词。例如: He is a strange man.He has few words.他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话。Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快,没什么时间了。5.either/ neither/ both either可作形容词,一般指“两者中的任何一个”。有时也可表示“两个都„„”的意思,后跟名词的单数形式;neither: 指两者中没有一个,全否定;both: 指两者都,肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语,both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如: Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。(没有一部是好的)Either of the films is good.两部电影都不错。(谓语动词用单数)Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。
6.take part in/join take part in参加某种活动;join参加,加入某一政党或组织。例如: Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗? We often take part in many school activities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。He joined the party in 1963.他1963年入的党。My little brother joined the army last year.我小弟去年参的军。7.quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表示程度“很,十分,完全地”,“相当”。如: She is quite right.她对极了。That's not quite what I want.那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”,比预想地程度要大,通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如:It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。(3)very表示程度“很,甚,极其,非常”,用于修饰形容词或副词,既可用在喜欢的情况下,也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中,“a”应置于“very”之前,该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如: Two months is quite a long time./ a very long time.两个月是一段很长的时间。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day.今天天气很好。
【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在: 1.不定代词/副词的运用; 2.反身代词的用法; 3.并列句; 4.形容词和副词的比较等级; 5.冠词的用法; 6.动词的过去进行时; 7.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 8.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
第三篇:小学英语单词、短句、语法
小学英语单词、短句、语法大全 小学英语补习班
第一,小学英语学习方法„„ 第二,小学英语词组归纳大全„„ 第三,小学英语词组整理„„
第四,小学英语精炼短语400句„„ 第五,英语中的人称代词„„ 第六,小学英语语法大全......第一,小学英语学习方法 短课授课法
一年纪的孩子身体正处于成长发育的程,特别是神经系统不过成熟,注意力集中时间只有二十分钟左右.根据儿童的这一心理特点,教材编著特点在于编排教材时注意到家教教师可以根据教学对象的不同进行长,短课(40分钟到20分钟)的选择.学校针对三年级儿童好动的性格,可采用短课授课,英语天天见的形式,效果很好.孩子们上这种课往往是达到兴奋的高潮就要和老师说bye-bye了,此时的心情的恋恋不舍,意犹未尽,以至于在接下来的一节别的学科中仍然可以听见学生大声地喊“me!” “I can!”等抢着举手,发言的情景.正是这样意犹未尽的感觉和为了明天更好地表现,他们往往回家后会主动地听英语录音带,为下一课的学习做了很好的准备,因而教师上课上得轻松,学生学得愉快!游戏竞赛法
游戏,竞赛等活动不仅可以使学生产生愉快的心情,而且有利于激发学生学习英语的兴趣.孩子们通过玩玩乐乐,涂涂画画等形式在学中玩,玩中学,自然,愉快地学习英语.例如,在上课时灵活采用“Simon says”,“击鼓传花”, “猜猜看”, “bingo games”,“little teacher”等很普通,常见但便于在常规中进行操作的游戏和竞赛方式,对学生进行启蒙英语口语教学训练,使儿童在游戏竞赛中保持着极大的学习兴趣,并使他们在这些教师可以安排的活动中,通过眼,鼻,耳,舌等各个感觉器官全身心地体验英语.因此,在儿童早期英语教学中,针对他们活泼好动的特点,让他们“动手动脚”地学习英语,不失为一种行之有效的教学方法.唱歌表演法
几乎在每一堂课之后都应该安排一首歌曲或歌谣,其歌词是课文中所学的主要内容,谱上简单,优美活泼的调子,极易上口的表演;同时,每个单元基本使用相同的一,二个调子,符合儿童喜欢重复的心理,生理特点.利用教材本身这一典型的特点,在上课的过程中采用丰富多彩的形式教唱这些歌曲.如:拍打节奏唱一唱,手舞足蹈唱一唱,男女对抗唱一唱,小组竞赛唱一唱,个人夺冠唱一唱.学生们都十分感兴趣,课堂内外,走廊上下,能经常听见他们在哼唱这些英语歌曲,有的甚至还模rabbit蹦一蹦,模仿panda爬一爬.通过唱歌,表演,不仅调动了学生的学习积极性,而且复习巩固了所学的主要内容.直观教具法
在小学英语教学中应用直观教具进行直观教学,可以提高学生感知的自觉性,加深学生的印象,有力的促进学生对所学知识的掌握与巩固,从而提高教学质量.直观教具作为实现直观教学的手段,包括实物,挂图,卡片,玩具,头饰,木偶,简笔画,投影等.根据内容的特点,经常使用。实物,玩具,头饰和简笔画进行英语教学.小学生对头饰是情有独钟,非常喜欢的.运用得当,就能发挥出较好的效果.2 第二,小学英语词组归纳大全 a new student 一个新学生 a new teacher一个新老师 I’m new here.我是新来的.Welcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校.excuse me 打扰一下
the boy in the tree 树上的那个男孩 let me see 让我看看 come down 下来 climb trees 爬树
in the zoo 在动物园里 come here 过来
the man over there 那边的那个男人 good night 晚上好 at a party在聚会上
my brother 我的弟弟/哥哥
the boy with big eyes大眼睛的那个男孩 nice to meet you 见到你很高兴
the one in the white skirt 那个穿着白色短裙的 which one 哪一个
the man with a big mouth那个大嘴巴的男人 the one in red那个穿红衣服的
the girl with a small nose 那个小鼻子的女孩 the woman with long hair那个长头发的妇女 be late for school上学迟到
the boy with big ears 大耳朵的那个男孩
the one in the green shirt 那个穿着绿色衬衫的男人in the car 在小汽车里 my good friend我的好朋友 her small eye她的小眼睛 a big nose一个大鼻子 You’re right.你是对的 an old woman 一个老太太 buy fruit 买水果
some grapes 一些葡萄 how many kilos 多少公斤 three kilos三公斤 I’d like---我想要------Here you are.给你.these apples这些苹果 those oranges那些桔子
these or those这些还是那些
Can I help you?我能为你效劳吗?(营业员用语)3 by taxi坐出租车 on foot 步行
go by taxi 坐出租车去 go to the theatre去剧院 go there 去那儿 go to the Great Wall去长城 go to the supermarket去超市
this train for Shanghai去上海的火车 the plane for Beijing 去北京的航班 good idea 好主意 play football 踢足球 in the school 在学校 be free 有空.go to school by bike 骑自行车去学校
at a snack bar在一家小吃店(快餐店)里 how about---?------怎么样? some noodles 一些面条
Something to drink一些喝的东西 something to eat一些吃的东西 orange/apple juice 桔汁/苹果汁 Anything else? 还要别的东西吗? a cup of coffee/ tea 一杯咖啡/茶 a glass of milk/ juice一杯牛奶/果汁 some chocolate 一些巧克力 some sweets一些糖果 some water 一些水 play basketball 打篮球 some cakes 一些蛋糕 get up 起床
have some juice 喝点果汁
What would you like? 你要什么? open day 接待日
our classroom我们的教室 watch TV看电视
big and bright又大又明亮
in your classroom 在你的教室里 in class在课上
near the window靠近窗 some songbooks一些歌本 on the piano在钢琴上 lots of books许多书 in the library在图书馆里 in the playground 在操场上 On the chair在椅子上 4 on the table在桌上
open the blue box 打开蓝色的盒子 in the cupboard 在碗柜里 on the table在桌上 in the fridge在冰箱里 on the sofa 在沙发上 use chopsticks 用筷子 I’d like to try.我想试试.a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 Let me try again.让我再试试.in my classroom 在我的教室里 Good idea!好主意!the first day of the new term 新学期的第一天all the students 所有的学生 at school 在学校
see each other 互相见面 a new building 一座新大楼 a lot of 许多
I’m not sure.我不确定。go and see 去看看 have a look 看一看 how many 多少
near your house 在你的房子附近on the plate 在盘子里 her parents 她的父母
near her school 在她的学校附近very much 很,非常 some dolls 一些洋娃娃 on the wall 在墙上
a map of the world 一幅世界地图 a map of China 一幅中国地图 behind the door 在门后 in the basketball 在篮子里 under the bed 在床下 on my chair 在我的椅子上 in the cat’s mouth在猫的嘴里 look happy 看起来快乐
at a Music lesson 在一节音乐课上
two o’clock in the afternoon 下午两点钟 in the music room 在音乐室里 have a music lesson 上一节音乐课 sing a song 唱首歌,唱歌 follow me跟着我 sing together一起唱 5 make a puppet做木偶
make a model plane做飞机模型,做模型飞机 play the violin拉小提琴 play the guitar弹吉他 play the piano弹钢琴
put a book on your head 在你头上放一本书 have an ice cream 吃冰淇淋 after class 下课后 play basketball 打篮球
a Halloween party 一个万圣节聚会 What do they need? 他们需要什么? like masks 喜欢面具
a pumpkin lantern 一个南瓜灯
What else do you need? 你还需要些什么? Here’s your change.这儿是你的零钱。some sweets 一些糖果
on Saturdays and Sundays 在周六和周日 like swimming 喜欢游泳 play table tennis with friends 和朋友打乒乓watch TV 看电视 listen to music 听音乐 read the book 读书 open the door开门
write the new words写新单词 read the book读书
draw a picture画一幅画 drink the water喝水
this red vase这个红色的花瓶 in the picture在图片里 eat the noodles吃面条
put the flowers in the vase把花放在花瓶里 play computer games打电脑游戏 do housework 做家务
Sunday morning 星期天上午 at home 在家
Are you free now? 你现在有空吗? sweep the floor 扫地、擦地板 clean the windows 擦窗户 do homework 做家庭作业
help me with my Maths 帮助我学习数学 this afternoon 今天下午 wash clothes 洗衣服 6 做作业 do one’s homework 加入我们 join us 开始上课 classes begin 洗衣服 wash clothes 在周末 at the weekends 过周末spend one’s weekends 谈论 talk about 在星期五下午 on Friday afternoon 放学后 after school 上网 surf the Internet 向我学英语 learn English from me 听音乐 listen to music 在家at home 荡秋千 play on the swings 做家务 do housework 当然 of course/ sure 看卡通watch cartoons 抓昆虫 catch insects 抓蝴蝶 catch butterflies 我们的好朋友our good friends 一所小学 a Primary School 在树上 in the tree/on the tree 7 在瓶子里in bottles 英语俱乐部the English Club 不同的国家different countries 居住在纽约 live in New York 说英语 speak English 教英语 teach English 一个大城市 a big city 读书 read books 参观中国 visit China 日本参观者Japanese visitors 一个英国朋友an English friend 发邮件 write an e-mail 写信write a letter 打乒乓play table tennis 居住live in 一个小镇 a small town 相同的年龄 the same age 在学校 at school 从周一到周五 from Monday to Friday 大声地说 speak loudly 跑得快 run fast 跳得高 jump high 走路小心walk carefully 安静地坐sit quietly 跳舞跳得美dance beautifully 拍照 take photos 第三,小学英语词组整理 go to school 去上学 go home 回家 go camping去野营
go to parties 去参加聚会 go to Beijing 去北京
go to the supermarket 去超市去散步 go to the post office去邮局 feed the fish 喂鱼 wash clothes 洗衣服 water the flowers 浇花 clean the kitchen 打扫厨房 watch TV 看电视
watch cartoons看动画片 watch the moon赏月
watch the dragon boat races 观看龙舟比赛 8 visit the zoo参观动物园 plant trees 种树 play volleyball打排球
play a lot of games玩许多游戏 play with lanterns 玩灯笼 play with balloons 玩气球 play with friends 和朋友玩 cook a lot of food做许多食物 have a good time玩得很高兴
have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐 have a chat聊天
come after 在„„之后到来
on different holidays 在不同的节日 New Year’s Day 元旦
on New Year’s Day 在元旦 at Christmas 在圣诞节
last Spring Festival 上个春节 last Halloween 去年万圣节 at Easter 在复活节 last year 去年
a popular holiday 一个流行的节日 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 Christmas trees 圣诞树
Christmas presents 圣诞礼物
the presents under the Christmas tree 在圣诞树下的礼物visit their relatives and friends 拜访他们的亲戚和朋友eat lots of delicious food吃许多美味的食物 eat moon cakes 吃月饼
eat chocolate eggs 吃巧克力蛋 of course 当然
listen to him 听他讲 in the grass 在草丛中 in China 在中国
make pumpkin lanterns制作南瓜灯笼
give presents to your friends 把礼物给你的朋友 this afternoon 今天下午 after lunch 午餐后 at weekends在周末 sing and dance唱歌跳舞 high jump跳高 long jump跳远 so many 这么多
from grandmother 来自祖母 open it for me 为我打开它 9 like drinking tea 喜欢喝茶 at Jim’s house 在吉姆家
write in the diary 在日记上写 sit at the back of the bus 坐在公共汽车的后面 the seat in front of me 在我前面的座位 the woman beside him 在他旁边的妇女 walk to the driver 走向驾驶员 You are welcome.不用谢 be glad to see很高兴见到„ twin sisters双胞胎姐妹 look the same看起来很像 大10年 ten years older than twenty minutes younger than小20分钟 the only child唯一的孩子 try again再试试
be good at English擅长于英语 be good at singing„擅长于唱歌 do well in做得好
a good basketball player一位好篮球运动员 some of the boys男孩中的一些 in my class在我班里 Don’t worry.别担心
do more exercise做更多锻炼 get stronger变得更强壮 get up early起得早
how to get there get off怎样到达那儿
get off at the second stop 下车在第二个车站下车get to the shopping centre 到达购物中心 get my purse back拿回钱包 be from/ come from来自于 jog to school慢跑去学校 start our lesson开始上课
读新单词 read the new words 我们所有人 all of us 上学迟到 be late for school 告诉我 tell me 多远 how far 沿着街走 walk along the street 五公里远 five kilometres away 错过它 miss it 在你右边 on you right 一段长的距离 a long walk 乘5路车 take bus No.5 每五分钟 every five minutes 10 每六天 every six days 在中山路 on Zhongshan Road 在街上 in the street 在电影院前 in front of the cinema 一本关于动物的书 a book about animals 跑出商店 run out of the shop 过来帮助 come to help 沿着街跑run along the street 开始跑 start to run 下个星期 next week(要)一年 for one year 知道天气 know the weather 纽约的天气 the weather in New York 在夏天 in summer 最好的季节 the best season 哪个季节 which season 最喜欢春天 like spring best 冬天需要温暖的衣服 need warm clothes for winter 堆雪人 make snowmen/ make a snowman 树木变绿 the tree turn green 在乡下 in the countryside 听起来不错。Sounds great.大多数时间 most of the time 有课,上课 have school 他们的周末计划 their plans for the weekend 看京剧 see a Beijing opera 加入我们 join us 花园剧院 the Garden Theatre 顺便问问 by the way 明天下午 tomorrow afternoon 在音乐会上 at the concert 和Jim一起来 come with Jim 去远足 go on an outing 野餐 have a picnic 看演出 see a play write his diary under the seat 在座位下面 open the presents 打开礼物 listen to music 听音乐 walk the dog 遛狗 购物 go shopping 收集邮票 collect stamps 收集中国邮票collect Chinese stamps 种花 grow flowers 11 做衣服make clothes 洗衣服wash clothes Ben的爱好 Ben’s hobby 一些爱好 some hobbies 许多漂亮的邮票many beautiful stamps 出示„给„看show„to„ 动物邮票 animal stamps 在花园里 in the garden 做饭 cook food 浇花 water the flowers 相同的爱好 the same hobby 一次电话通话a telephone call 午饭以后 after lunch 呆在床上stay in bed 严重的咳嗽a bad cough 吃药take some medicine 去看医生go to see a doctor 张开你的嘴open your mouth 好好休息have a good rest 打错电话 wrong number 新学期 a new term 星期一上午Monday morning 在星期一上午on Monday morning 她的学生 her students 第一节课the first lesson 欢迎回到学校 welcome back to school 什么科目what subjects 八门课eight subjects 八节课eight lessons 在一周内in a week 立刻,马上at once 他的家人his family 感觉病了feel ill 来自日本from Japan No smoking 禁止吸烟 No littering禁止扔杂物 No parking禁止停车
No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝 keep off the grass不接近草坪 Be quiet保持安静 Do not touch不要摸 climb trees爬树
go to the park去公园 go home回家 12 a lot of a lot大量的;许多 public signs公共标志 on the wall在墙上 stay away from„远离„„
walk on the grass在草地上走 he bird’s cage鸟笼 make noise发出噪音 take a walk散步
a ten-yuan note 一张十元的钞票 look around四周看 pick up捡起 a new student in Ben’s class 本班上的一位新学生go home together一起回家 after school放学以后 talk about谈论有关„„
the third of March三月三日 your birthday你的生日 blow out吹灭
as a birthday present作为生日礼物 birthday cake生日蛋糕
come to my birthday party 来参加我的生日聚会 have a birthday party举办生日聚会 a VCD of Japanese cartoons 一张日本卡通光盘 make a birthday card 做一张生日贺卡 take off脱下
Sports Day运动日
all the students所有的学生 very exciting非常令人兴奋 look for寻找
a running race一场赛跑 let me see让我看看
a moment ago / just now刚才 on the ground在地上
pick them up for me 帮我把它们捡起来 in front of 在„„前面
a pair of glasses一副眼镜(单数)a roll of film一卷胶卷(单数)three diaries三本日记
a pair of earphones一副耳机(单数)listen to music 听音乐
yesterday evening 昨天晚上 under the table在桌子下面 close your eyes 闭上你的眼睛 play a game 玩游戏 13 National Day国庆日
the National Day holiday国庆假期 last week/ last year上个星期/去年 after the holiday假期后
go to school early(很早上学)/ early – late in the school playground(在学校操场上)before class(上课前)/ before – after a funny cartoon(一部有趣的卡通片)
visit a farm with my family(和我的家人一起参观农场)on the farm(在农场里)water trees(浇树)
pull up carrots(拔胡萝卜)milk cows(挤牛奶)collect eggs(收集鸡蛋)fruit trees(果树)
pick a lot of oranges摘许多橘子 taste them(品尝它们)go to the farm(去农场)
visit Liu Tao’s grandparents拜访刘涛的祖父母 camping trip(野营旅行)at a camp(在一个营地上)
cook a lot of food(做许多食物)play a lot of games(玩许多游戏)go camping(去野营)
have a good time(玩得很高兴)come after 在„„之后到来 New Year’s Day 元旦
on New Year’s Day 在元旦 at Christmas 在圣诞节 go to parties 去参加聚会
have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐 at Spring Festival 在春节
What do people usually do at Spring Festival? 人们通常在春节干什么?and friends 拜访他们的亲戚和朋友
eat lots of delicious food吃许多美味的食物 last Spring Festival 上个春节 of course 当然
my favourite holiday 我最喜爱的节日 in October 在十月
dress up in costumes 用戏服装扮 last Halloween 去年万圣节 eat moon cakes 吃月饼 play with lanterns 玩灯笼 watch the moon赏月 14 on different holidays 在不同的节日 last year 去年 at Easter 在复活节 listen to him 听他讲 in the grass 在草丛中
a popular holiday 一个流行的节日 in China 在中国 第四,小学英语精炼短语400句 1.I see.我明白了。2.I quit!我不干了!3.Let go!放手!4.Me too.我也是。5.My god!天哪!6.No way!不行!
visit their relatives 7.Come on.来吧(赶快)8.Hold on.等一等。9.I agree。我同意。10.Not bad.还不错。11.Not yet.还没。12.See you.再见。13.Shut up!闭嘴!14.So long.再见。
15.Why not? 好呀!(为什么不呢?)16.Allow me.让我来。17.Be quiet!安静点!18.Cheer up!振作起来!19.Good job!做得好!20.Have fun!玩得开心!21.How much? 多少钱? 22.I'm full.我饱了。
23.I'm home.我回来了。24.I'm lost.我迷路了。25.My treat.我请客。26.So do I.我也一样。27.This way。这边请。28.After you.您先。29.Bless you!祝福你!30.Follow me.跟我来。31.Forget it!休想!(算了!)32.Good luck!祝好运!33.I decline!我拒绝!34.I promise.我保证。15 35.Of course!当然了!36.Slow down!慢点!37.Take care!保重!38.They hurt.(伤口)疼。39.Try again.再试试。40.Watch out!当心。
41.What’s up? 有什么事吗? 42.Be careful!注意!43.Bottoms up!干杯(见底)!44.Don’t move!不许动!45.Guess what? 猜猜看? 46.I doubt it 我怀疑。
47.I think so.我也这么想。48.I'm single.我是单身贵族。49.Keep it up!坚持下去!50.Let me see.让我想想。51.Never mind.不要紧。52.No problem!没问题!53.That’s all!就这样!54.Time is up.时间快到了。
55.What's new? 有什么新鲜事吗? 56.Count me on 算上我。57.Don't worry.别担心。58.Feel better? 好点了吗? 59.I love you!我爱你!60.I'm his fan。我是他的影迷。61.Is it yours? 这是你的吗? 62.That’s neat.这很好。63.Are you sure? 你肯定吗? 64.Do l have to 非做不可吗? 65.He is my age.他和我同岁。66.Here you are.给你。
67.No one knows.没有人知道。68.Take it easy.别紧张。69.What a pity!太遗憾了!70.Any thing else? 还要别的吗? 71.To be careful!一定要小心!72.Do me a favor? 帮个忙,好吗? 73.Help yourself.别客气。74.I'm on a diet.我在节食。75.Keep in Touch.保持联络。
76.Time is money.时间就是金钱。77.Who's calling? 是哪一位? 78.You did right.你做得对。16 79.You set me up!你出卖我!80.Can I help you? 我能帮你吗? 81.Enjoy yourself!祝你玩得开心!82.Excuse me,Sir.先生,对不起。83.Give me a hand!帮帮我!84.How’s it going? 怎么样? 85.I have no idea.我没有头绪。86.I just made it!我做到了!87.I'll see to it 我会留意的。88.I'm in a hurry!我在赶时间!89.It's her field.这是她的本行。90.It's up to you.由你决定。91.Just wonderful!简直太棒了!92.What about you? 你呢? 93.You owe me one.你欠我一个人情。94.You’re welcome.不客气。95.Any day will do.哪一天都行夕 96.Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吧!97.Congratulations!祝贺你!98.T can’t help it.我情不自禁。
99.I don’t mean it.我不是故意的。100.I'll fix you Up.我会帮你打点的。101.It sounds great!.听起来很不错。102.It's a fine day。今天是个好天。103.So far,So good.目前还不错。104.What time is it? 几点了? 105.You can make it!你能做到!106.Control yourself!克制一下!107.He came by train.他乘火车来。108.He is ill in bed.他卧病在床。109.He lacks courage.他缺乏勇气。110.How's everything? 一切还好吧? 111.I have no choice.我别无选择。112.I like ice-cream.我喜欢吃冰淇淋。113.I love this game.我钟爱这项运动。114.I'll try my best.我尽力而为。115.I'm On your side.我全力支持你。116.Long time no see!好久不见!117.No pain,no gain.不劳无获。118.Well,it depends 噢,这得看情况。119.We’re all for it.我们全都同意。120.What a good deal!真便宜!121.What should I do? 我该怎么办? 122.You asked for it!你自讨苦吃!17 123.You have my word.我保证。124.Believe it or not!信不信由你!125.Don't count on me.别指望我。126.Don’t fall for it!别上当!127.Don't let me down.别让我失望。
128.Easy come easy go.来得容易,去得快。129.I beg your pardon.请你原谅。
130.I beg your pardon? 请您再说一遍(我没有听清)。131.I'll be back soon.我马上回来。132.I'll check it out.我去查查看。133.It’s a long story.说来话长。
134.It’s Sunday today.今天是星期天。135.Just wait and see!等着瞧!136.Make up your mind.做个决定吧。137.That’s all I need.我就要这些。138.The view is great.景色多么漂亮!139.The wall has ears.隔墙有耳。140.There comes a bus.汽车来了。141.What day is today? 今天星期几? 142.What do you think? 你怎么认为? 143.Who told you that? 谁告诉你的? 144.Who's kicking off? 现在是谁在开球? 145.Yes,I suppose So.是的,我也这么认为。146.You can’t miss it 你一定能找到的。147.Any messages for me? 有我的留言吗? 148.Don't be so modest.别谦虚了。149.Don't give me that!少来这套!150.He is a smart boy.他是个小机灵鬼。151.He is just a child.他只是个孩子。152.I can't follow you.我不懂你说的。153.I felt sort of ill.我感觉有点不适。154.I have a good idea!我有一个好主意。
155.It is growing cool.天气渐渐凉爽起来。156.It seems all right.看来这没问题。157.It's going too far.太离谱了。
158.May I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗? 159.She had a bad cold.她患了重感冒。160.That's a good idea.这个主意真不错。161.The answer is zero.白忙了。162.What does she like? 她喜欢什么? 163.As soon as possible!越快越好!164.He can hardly speak.他几乎说不出话来。165.He always talks big.他总是吹牛。166.He won an election.他在选举中获胜。18 167.I am a football fan.我是个足球迷。168.If only I could fly.要是我能飞就好了。169.I'll be right there.我马上就到。170.I'll see you at six.我六点钟见你。171.IS it true or false? 这是对的还是错的? 172.Just read it for me.就读给我听好了。173.Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。174.Move out of my way!让开!175.Time is running out.没时间了。
176.We are good friends.我们是好朋友。177.What's your trouble? 你哪儿不舒服? 178.You did fairly well!你干得相当不错1 179.Clothes make the man.人要衣装。
180.Did you miss the bus? 你错过公共汽车了? 181.Don't lose your head。不要惊慌失措。182.He can’t take a joke.他开不得玩笑。
183.He owes my uncle 0.他欠我叔叔100美元。184.How are things going? 事情进展得怎样? 185.How are you recently? 最近怎么样? 186.I know all about it.我知道有关它的一切。187.It really takes time.这样太耽误时间了。188.It's against the law.这是违法的。
189.Love me,love my dog.(谚语)爱屋及乌。190.My mouth is watering.我要流口水了。191.Speak louder,please.说话请大声点儿。192.This boy has no job.这个男孩没有工作。193.This house is my own.这所房子是我自己的。194.What happened to you? 你怎么了? 195.You are just in time.你来得正是时候。
196.You need to workout.你需要去运动锻炼一下。197.Your hand feels cold.你的手摸起来很冷。198.Don't be so childish.别这么孩子气。199.Don't trust to chance!不要碰运气。
200.Fasten your seat belt.系好你的安全带。301.Did you enter the contest? 你参加比赛了吗? 302.Do you accept credit cards? 你们收信用卡吗? 303.Don't cry over spilt milk.不要做无益的后悔。
304.Don't let chances pass by.不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。305.He owned himself defeated.他承认自己失败了。306.He seems at little nervous.他显得有点紧张。307.He strolls about the town.他在镇上四处遛达。308.Her tooth ached all night.她牙疼了一整夜。309.How about a drink tonight? 今晚喝一杯怎样? 310.I can do nothing but that.我只会做那件事。19 311.I get hold of you at last.我终于找到你了。312.I have a surprise for you.我有一个意想不到的东西给你看。313.I like all kinds of fruit.我喜欢各种各样的水果。
314.I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼所见。315.I will arrange everything.我会安排一切的。
316.I wish I knew my neighbor.我很想认识我的邻居。317.I would like to check out.我想结帐。
318.It has be come much cooler.天气变得凉爽多了。319.It's time you went to bed.你早就该睡觉了。320.No spitting on the street.禁止在大街上吐痰。321.She was totally exhausted.她累垮了。
322.Show your tickets,please.请出示你的票。323.Thank you for your advice.谢谢你的建议。324.That's the latest fashion.这是最流行的款式。325.The train arrived on time.火车准时到达。326.There go the house lights.剧院的灯光灭了。327.They are paid by the hour.他们按时取酬。328.Things are getting better.情况正在好转。
329.Wake me up at five thirty.请在五点半叫醒我。330.We are all busy with work.我们都忙于工作。331.Where do you want to meet? 你想在哪儿见面? 332.You can get what you want.你能得到你想要的。333.A barking dog doesn’t bite!吠犬不咬人。
334.Are you free this Saturday? 你这个星期六有空吗? 335.Be careful not to fall ill.注意不要生病了。
336.Being a mother is not easy.做一个母亲是不容易的。337.Brevity is the soul of wit.简洁是智慧的精华。
338.Cancer is a deadly disease.癌症是一种致命的疾病。339.Did you fight with others? 你又和别人打架了吗? 340.Don't dream away your time.不要虚度光阴。341.Don't keep me waiting long.不要让我等得太久。342.He has a remarkable memory.他有惊人的记忆力。343.He has completed the task.他完成了这个任务。344.He has quite a few friends.他有不少的朋友。
345.He is capable of any crime.他什么样的坏事都能干得出来。346.He walks with a quick pace.他快步走路。
347.He was not a little tired.他很累。348.His looks are always funny.他的样子总是滑稽可笑。349.How about going to a movie? 去看场电影怎么样? 350.I think I've caught a cold.我想我得了感冒。351.I was taking care of Sally.我在照顾萨莉。352.I wish I lived in NEWYORK.我希望住在纽约。353.I'm very glad to hear that.很高兴听你这样说。354.I'm your lucky fellow then.我就是你的幸运舞伴啦!20 355.It's none of your business!这不关你的事儿!356.No littering on the campus.在校园内不准乱丢废物。357.She is a good-looking girl.她是一个漂亮女孩。
358.She mended the broken doll.她修补了破了的洋娃娃。
359.So I just take what I want.那么我只拿我所需要的东西。360.Spring is a pretty season,春天是一个好季节。
361.The figure seems all Right.数目看起来是对的。362.The stars are too far away.星星太遥远了。363.The whole world knows that.全世界都知道。364.Tomorrow will be a holiday.明天放假。
365.We walk on the garden path.我们走在花园小径上。366.What you need is just rest.你需要的就是休息。367.What's your favorite steps? 你最喜欢跳什么舞? 368.You'd better let her alone.你们最好是让她一个人呆会儿。369.A lost chance never returns.错过的机会永不再来。370.Don't let this get you down.不要为此灰心丧气。371.He shot the lion with a gun.他用枪把狮子打死了。372.I don’t think you are right.我认为你是不对的。
373.I have never seen the movie.我从未看过那部电影。374.I haven't seen you for ages.我好久没见到你了。
375.I was alone,but not lonely.我独自一人,但并不觉得寂寞。376.I went there three days ago.我三天前去过那儿。
377.It’s a friendly competition.这是一场友谊赛。378.It’s very thoughtful of you.你想得真周到。
379.May I speak to Lora,please? 我能和劳拉说话吗? 380.Mr.Wang is fixing his bike.王先生在修他的自行车。381.My brother is see king a job.我弟弟正在找工作。
382.Nancy will retire next year.南希明年就退休了。383.Neither you nor he is wrong.你没错,他也没错。
384.Opportunity knocks but once.机不可失,时不再来。385.She dressed herself hastily.她匆忙穿上衣服。
386.She hired a car by the hour.她租了一辆按钟点计费的汽车。387.Someone is ringing the bell.有人在按门铃。
388.The Smiths are my neighbors.史密斯一家是我的邻居。389.These shoes don’t fit right.这双鞋不太合适。
390.This is only the first half.这才是上半场呢。391.This pen doesn’t write well.这钢笔不好写。392.Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗? 393.You really look sharp today.你今天真漂亮。
394.Another cat came to my house.又有一只猫来到我家了。
395.Check your answers with mine.把你的答案跟我的核对一下。396.Don’t keep the truth from me.别瞒着我事实真相。397.Everything has its beginning.凡事都有开端。398.He came to the point at once.他一下子就说到了点子上。21 399.He fell behind with his work.他工作落后了。
400.He is the happiest man alive.他是世界上最快乐的人。第五,英语中的人称代词 人称代词:英语的人称代词(Personal Pronoun)有三种不同的人称形式:第一人称(First Person)指说话人自己;第二人称(Second Person)指说话的对象;第三人称(Third Person)指说话人谈论的对象。
三种人称又各有单、复数形式,第三人称单数还有阳性、阴性、中性的区别。这样,人称代词就具有下列诸种形式:
第一人称:单数 I,me,my,mine 复数 we,us,our,ours 第二人称:单数 you,you,your,yours 复数 you,you,your,yours 第三人称:单数 he,him,his,his(阳性)she,her,her,hers(阴性)it,it,its(中性)
复数 they,them,their,theirs 在上列人称代词的不同形式中,还包含了主格(Subjective Case)、宾格(Objective Case)和属格(Genitive Case)三种“格”的形式。
这样,从“格”的形式来划分,英语的人称代词又可归纳为: 主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they 宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them 属格:my,mine,your,yours,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,theirs 属格又可分为两类:一类是形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their); 另一类是名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)。人称代词的主格在句子中可以作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最 22 后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
(2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。a.--Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b.--Me.--我。(me做主语补语= It’s me.)
说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
第六,小学英语语法大全
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ] Leaf——leaves 5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ 二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No.1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。23 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成
1.be动词:主语 be(am,is,are)其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语行为动词(其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
【No.2】一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。
否定句:主语 be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.非凡疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语 don't(doesn't)动词原形(其它)。如: I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如: He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如:Yes, I do./ No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.动词 s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ wash_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.24 2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup? 6.What _______they often _______(do)on Saturdays? 7._______ your parents _______(read)newspapers every day? 8.The girl _______(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I ________(take)a walk together every evening.10.There ________(be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _______(like)cooking.12.They _______(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.14.You always _______(do)your homework well.15.I _______(be)ill.I’m staying in bed.16.She _______(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _______(do)not like PE.18.The child often _______(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have)eight lessons this term.20.-What day _______(be)it today? - It’s Saturday
三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词不达意 be 主语动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 be 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 25
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.6.They ____________(not ,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls ________________(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen)to music.9.It’s 5 o’clock now.We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to do; ②will do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.练习: 填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.我们将要学习英语
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.We ________ learn English.五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t 动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked , cook-cooked 26 2.结尾是e加d,如:live____lived 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习(1)
Name ____________ No.______ Date __________
一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1.I _______ at school just now.2.He ________ at the camp last week.3.We ________ students two years ago.4.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.6.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1.I ______ an English teacher now.2.She _______ happy yesterday.3.They _______ glad to see each other last month.行为动词的过去时练习(2)
Name ____________ No.______ Date __________
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1.I ______(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her father _______(read)a newspaper last night.3.We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park.(go)4.______ you _______(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival? 5.______ he _______(fly)a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6.Gao Shan _______(pull)up carrots last National Day holiday.7.I ____________(sweep)the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8.What ______ she _______(find)in the garden last morning? She __________(find)a beautiful butterfly.27
六、人称代词和物主代词 主格宾格形容词性名词性 I me my mine you you youryours he him his his she her her hers itit its its we us our ours they them theirtheirs习题
一.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)4._________ is my brother._________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)
二、用am, is, are 填空
1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom? 6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father? 8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 具体用法 1.Hello 的用法:
Hello 的意思为“您好”,一般可作为熟人,亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便,例如:
Hello,Li Hua!你好,李华。Hello,Tom!你好,汤姆!
Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意,常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”,有时也可用Hi 来代替hello,但前者显得更随便。
2.What's your name?的用法:
当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时,可用What's your name?来提问,回答时,可用My name is „.来回答,接着反问对方时,可用And what's your name?来提问。例如:
Hi!What's your name? Hi!My name is Lucy.And what's your name? 28 My name is Wang Ying.你好,你叫什么名字?
你好,我叫露西。你叫什么名字? 我叫王英。
句中的What's是What is的缩写形式。3.Good morning,class(teacher).的用法: Good morning,class.同学们好。Good morning,teacher.老师好。
这是上午上课时,老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。Good morning 是上午问候时的用语,多用于熟人,朋友或家人之间,是比较正式的问候用语。句中问候语放在前面,称呼语则要放在后面,并用逗号隔开。例如:
Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生,你好。4.英语字母:
英语中有26个字母,每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。大小写形式如下: A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I I J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 1.Are you„?的用法。
这是一疑问句型,意思是“你是„„吗?”用来询问姓名,职业,身份等,例如: Are you a worker?你是一名工人吗?
Are you a student?你是学生吗?
回答时用Yes,I am.(是的,我是。)或者No,I'm not.(不,我不是)来回答,注意Yes和No后面都有逗号,不能省略。
2.Nice to meet you.的用法:
这是两位初次见面相识后的用语,意思是“见到你很高兴。”见面相识可由自我介绍,第三者介绍或者询问相识。例如:
Hello!I'm Xiao Hua.Hello!I'm Xiao Li.Nice to meet you,Xiao Li.Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua.你好,我是小华 你好,我是小李。小李,见到你我很高兴。小华,见到你我也很高兴。3.Where is „?的用法:
这一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型结构不一样,where在前,而某物或某人在后,例如:
Where is my book? 我的书在哪儿? It's there.在这儿。29 Where is Tom? Tom在哪儿? He is here.他在这儿。
句中的where is可以缩写成“where's”。4.am,is和are 的用法:
这三个词都是“是”的含义,但用法比中文中的“是”要复杂,英语中的am,is 和are都是be 的变化形式,根据不同的主语选用不同的动词,主语I 用am,表示复数的主语和单数“you”则要用are,其它则用is。
I am a teacher.我是教师。You are a worker.你是一个工人。You are students.你们是学生。She is Miss Gao.她是高小姐。This book is mine.这本书是我的。【与熟人打招呼】:
英美人一天中见面都要打招呼,根据一天中不同的时间选用不同的说法,早上和上午时说Good morning,下午时说,Good afternoon,晚上见面时则要说Good evening。对方也用相同的问候语来回答。例如:
Good morning,Mr.Green.Good morning,Miss Li.【Sorry 的用法】:
Sorry 表示“对不起”或“抱歉”,用于对自己的过错,失误,不能做某事或者不能提供对方的请求时常用sorry或者I'm sorry来表示。例如:
Can you spell your name?你能拼一下你的名字吗? I'm sorry.I can't.对不起,我不能。What's the time,please?请问几点钟了? Sorry,I don't know.对不起,我不知道。【Excuse me 的用法】: 这是用于向某人询问一件事或提出请求而打扰某人时的用语。意思是“对不起”,“请问”。例如:
Excuse me!Where is my bag?对不起,我的包在哪儿呢? Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?对不起,请问你是王老师吗? 【What's „的用法】:
这个句型用于询问某人叫什么或者某个东西是什么,例如: What's this?It's a book.这是什么?这是一本书。
What's your name?你叫什么名字? My name is Lucy.我叫Lucy.英语语法 第一单元名词 30 名词可分为专有名词与普通名词,可数名词与不可数名词,简单名词与复合名词。学习本章后要求学员掌握可数名词复数的变化形式,特别是名词的不规则复数形式的变化;掌握复合名词的复数形式;掌握名词所有格的构成及用法;注意区分可数名词与不可数名词。
第二单元冠词
冠词置于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物,它不能离开名词而单独存在。英语冠词有:
1.定冠词:主要功用为特指,表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物。2.不定冠词:主要功用为泛指,指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个。
3.零冠词:它是名词中的一种无形冠词,用在一般所谓的不定冠词的场合。有三类名词使用零冠词:复数可数名词,不可数名词(用单数形式)及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习定冠词+单数形式的名词;不定冠词用于物质名词、抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词;不定冠词的位置;零冠词用于名词;零冠词用于零冠词+带定语的名词结构。
第三单元代词
代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学员掌握多种代词的形式和用法,特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。注意all ,every,each 的区别;any,some的区别;every-body,evreone,one的区别;no one,none的区别;both,two第比较;other,another的比较。
第四单元数词
数词是表示数量的词,数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词,前者表示多少;后者表示第几。本单元要求学员掌握基数词和序数词的用法;分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表示用法。
第五单元动词的时态
(一)在英语中,不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示,这种形式叫做时态。本单元要求学员掌握一般现在时(重点是单数第三人称he,she,it用作主语时的动词词尾变化形式),现在进行时(be+V-ing),一般过去时(不规则动词的过去式是学习的难点),及现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法,特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。
第六单元动词的时态
(二)31 小学英语语法大全 第一章名词
一、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类
1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如:john is a student student是普通名词,john是专有名词
普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3.专有名词
专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词——可以数的名词
不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)
drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式
many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词
some, any , a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle.瓶中有很多水。i'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。32 we should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用单位词表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)a piece of(一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。
如two hundred students(200名学生)ten thousand trees(10000棵树)测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes)=he caught a lot of fishes.the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数
如a desk(一张桌子)an old desk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式 规则变化
1)一般情况下加-s 如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)注意①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs 3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s 如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照 片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化
1)元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),33 foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),chinese--chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)注意不说an english,要说an englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police(不说a police,可说a policeman)5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)a woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如:
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了许多水果,china has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)she has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳
镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如englishman--englishmen(英国人)frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意german不是复合词,它的复数是germans。
四、名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如mary's father(玛丽的父亲)jim's mother(吉姆的母亲)34 与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。1.名词所有格的构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。如tom's knife(汤姆的小刀)children's books(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。
如jim and mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间 jim's and mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“'”即可。如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night.每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。(新目标英语九年级)注意①所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。
②名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。如this is a woman's work.这是女人干的工作。
this is a girls' school.这是一所女子学校。
4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但读音都是/iz/。如 mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生的书)keats' works(济慈的作品)(1)表示时间和距离的名词。
如where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿? an hour's walk isn't far.一小时的路程不远。
(1)有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用's,表示所有关系。
如china's population(中国人口)the city's life(城市生活)注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词。
my uncle's(我叔叔家),the doctor's(医生的诊所)2.短语所有格
有生命的名词,我们用's结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示。
the window of the house(这间房子的窗户)注意当's所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是shoes of men。
3.of +名词所有格
of +名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。
1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no ,several(几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the。
如可说:a book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本书 不说:books of my brother's或 book of my brother's.2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the ,this ,that ,these ,those于名词前。如the pretty daughter of your sister's 你姐姐的漂亮的女儿
did you read that book of lu xun's ? 你读过鲁迅的那本书吗? 3)of 前面的名词不能是专有名词。35 如不说:this is john of his uncle's.4)of 后面的名词必须是特定的。
如these books of my friend's are good 我朋友的这些书很好。5)of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。比较不说it is a leaf of the tree's.a picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。注意of 所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。如a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car of betty's cars ,不可换为a car of betty.。jim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。
常用口诀
表示民族的名词顺口溜
(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2)“英、法”联盟a变e。
(3)其他一律加s 即chinese,japanese单复数同形;englishman,frenchman的复数为englishmen,frenchmen;其他像german,american,australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。
o结尾的名词顺口溜
1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。
有生命:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes 如无生命:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos1)
2)两人两菜一火山。(+es)
小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。
或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes)2)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo”,上面挂着一张“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放着一台“radio”。
zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos,photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.f、fe结尾的顺口溜
(1)以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s,其他的以“f(e)”结尾的名词则直接加“s”。
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;
躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(树叶),self(自己),half(一半),这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。
(2)以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,36 如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。编成口诀联想:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;
谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上 巧记不规则名词单变复 男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。
man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.第二章冠词
一、定义
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮助指明名词的含义。
二、分类
共3类:定冠词(the definite article),不定冠词(the indefinite article)、零冠词(zero article)。
三、用法
1、定冠词的用法
a、an与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。(1)表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。
i gave him a book yesterday.我昨天给了他一本书
i am reading an interesting story.我在读一则有趣的故事。(2)表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。a horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用。
(3)不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 “每一”。we often go to school two times a day.我们常常一天两次去学校。i went to the library once a week at least.(4)不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。a boy came to see you a moment ago.刚才有一个小孩来找你。(5)在序数词前表示“又一;再一”时。如: i want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。(6)表示不特定的“某一个”时。如: a mr.smith is calling on the phone.有一位史密斯先生来电话找你。(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如: have a good time 过得高兴(8)一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:-mum, what shall we have for lunch?-jiaozi.-oh, what a wonderful lunch!i enjoy it very much.37(9)在形容词最高级前表示“非常”时。如: lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 2.定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有“那(这)个” “这(那)些”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前: take the medicine.把药吃了。(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前: he bought a house.i've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前: the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如: the fox is cunning.狐狸是狡猾的。
(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面: where do you live? i live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。that's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的东西。(7)在表示“...世纪...年代”的结构之前
he began to learn russian in the 1950s.他在20实际50年代开始学俄语。但注意:in one's 50s意为“在某人五十多岁时”。如: he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.(8)在比较级的两种句型中: ①表示“越......,就越......”时。如: the lighter, the better.越轻越好。②表示“两者中比较......”时,用定冠词。如: there are two books on the table.i like the thicker one.(9)用在“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称”的结构中(注意:介词常用 in/on/by)。如: the ball hit me on the back.球打中了他的头。
(10)在表示“计量单位”的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如: the workers are paid by the hour/day/month.按月付给工人工资.(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:the great wall(长城),the people's park(人民公园)等。
the people's republic of china 中华人民共和国 the united states 美国(12)用在表示乐器的名词之 38 前:she plays the piano.她会弹钢琴.the little girl likes to play the violin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。(13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
they are going to the cinema tonight.他们今晚要去影院看电 影。
(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)(15)在方位名词之前,如:in the west on the west(16)在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky(water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
3、零冠词(不用定冠词)(1)在物质名词前,如:
water is very important.水是非常重要的。(2)在抽象名词前,如:
failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。(3)复数名词表示人或物的种类时,如: doctors cure patients.医生治病救人.those people are teachers, not students.这些人是老师,不是学生.(4)在有关游戏的名词前,如:
do you like to play chess? 你喜欢下棋吗 ?(5)在“by + 交通工具”的短语里,如:
shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行 ?(6)在国名,人名和地名前通常不用定冠词,如: england,mary;
(7)在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; we go to school from monday to friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。(8)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词; the guards took the american to general lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
(9)在三餐、球类运动的名称前,不加冠词。如: have breakfast,play chess(10)在某些固定词组中,是否有冠词,意义不同。如:
in hospital住院,in the hospital在医院里 in bed在卧床,in the bed在床上
in front of在......(外)前面,in the front of 在......(内)前部 go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)39 口诀
泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。
释:1)泛指用a/ an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。
定冠词:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。(1)the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如: where is the teacher? 老师在哪里?
(2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如: i can see a cat.the cat is lucy”s.我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。
(3)the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如: the earth goes around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。
(4)the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如: mike is the tallest of the three boys.迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
(5)the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the great wall(长城),the people”s park(人民公园)等。
(6)the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如:in the day(在白天),play the piano(弹钢琴)等。
不用冠词:代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。(1)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时,不用冠词。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。
(2)泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。(3)复数名词表示泛指时,不用冠词。如: the people in the room are doctors.房间里的那些人是医生。
(4)在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如:chinese, english, maths, physics, history等。在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball/ football等。
(5)在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如:autumn, summer, winter, spring, teacher”s day, children”s day, sunday, february等。
(6)在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如:white, brown, french, australia等。(7)在表示称呼语的名词之前,以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如: 40 doctor green is a scientist.格林博士是位科学家。
有水无湖、有球无星、有山无峰、有独无欧
(二)、有(足)族无球(运动)、有文无章、学而不专:
1)有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);the red sea,the pacific ocean,the persian gulf, the yangtze river the great lakes(五大湖);lake erie(伊利湖)2)有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: mars,venus;3)有山无峰:the huangshan mountains(黄山);mount everest(珠穆朗玛峰);mount(or mt.)tai(泰山).4)有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the;欧洲等七大洲不用the.europe,africa,asia,north america,south america,antarctica,oceania 5)有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the indians(印第安人);球类运动 baseball,basketball 6)有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the the constitution(宪法);chapter one 7)学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;the university of fudan;fudan university 第三章介词
一、定义
介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。
二、介词的用法
1、表示时间的(at、on、in、at、before ,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)(1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。
at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前
(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用)on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on march 8 在3月8日
(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午 过„„后(未来时间)i think he will be back in an hour.我想他一小时后就会回来。
i heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。41(4)before:在„„之前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning.今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。(5)after:在„„之后
after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull.从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。(6)by:在„„前(时间),截止(到)„„
by the time i arrived ,she had already gone.在我到达之前,她已经走了。
(7)for:达„„之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。
florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。(8)during:在„„期间
during the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres.在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。(9)through:一直„„(从开始到结束)he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington 领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。(10)from:从„„起(时间)the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。
(11)since:自从„„以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。(12)within:不„„超过的范围
he will arrive within an hour.他一小时内就人到。
2、表示地点(at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from)(1)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)42 at school上学 at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号 at the station 在火车站(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)she will arrive in shanghai at ten.10点她将到达上海。(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below ①on:在„„上面,有接触面 on the table 在桌子上面 ②above:在„„上方 sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。
③over:在„„正上方,是under的反义词
over these tombs ,they built pyramids.在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。④under:在„„下面,在„„之内
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。⑤below:在„„下方,(不一定是正下方)three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle.3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。(4)near ,by ①near:近的,不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间,in the near future在不远的将来。
green’s lake was a small lake near his home.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。②by:在„„旁边,比的距离要近
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days.朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。
(5)between ,among ,around ①between:在两者之间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。
②among:在三者或者更多的之中
there are some american students among us.在我们中间有几个美国学校。③around:环绕,在„..的周围,在„„的四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it.他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷
(6)in front of ,behind ①in front of :在„„的前面 43 there is a car in front of the house.房子前面有一辆小汽车。②behind :在„..后边 are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗?(7)in ,into ,out of ①in:在„..之内,用于表示静止的位置
there are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run..she took me from the hall into my classroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。(8)along ,across ,through ①along:沿着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing.沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。
②across:横过(平面物体)very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world.各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。
③through:贯通,通过
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang.学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。(9)to ,for ,from ①到达„„地点(目的地)或方向
where’s jack? he has gone to london.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。②for:表示目的,为了„„ do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他为什么来这儿吗? ③from:从„„地点起
how far is it from london to new york? 从伦敦到纽约有多远?
3、表示手段和材料的介词用(1)with ①和„„在一起
these plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them.这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断地漂移。②具有,带有
a person with good manners is always kind and polite.有礼貌的人总是和和气气,彬彬有礼的。
③用某种工具或方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes.穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。44(2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with而用in。
what’s this in english.这个用英语怎么说?(3)by:通过„„方法,手段
what do you mean by the word“island”? “island”是什么意思 i prefer traveling by train.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。
4、其他(1)of , from ①of 属于)„„的,表示„..的数量或种类
it was beginning of the term.这是学期开始的时候。②from:来自(某地,某人),以„.起始
she is a lady from canada.她是一位加拿大的女士。(2)without ,like ,as ①without :没有,是with的反义词
she often worked for twenty-four without rest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。②like:像„„一样
like many children of her age ,ding fang is a young pioneer.像很多同龄的孩子一样同,丁芳是个少先队员。③as:作为
they are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。(3)against:反对。靠着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。(4)about: ①关于,各处,四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。②询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议 what about your family ? 你家里人怎么样? 口诀
口诀1:年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不借。at也在时分前,说“差”用to,说“过”要用part。
口诀2: in在„„里,out在„„外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by。on在„„上,under在„„下,above在上头,below在底下。45 口诀3: this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。' beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
口诀4:before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside,除了last but one。口诀5: ①早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
②黎明、午、夜、点与分用at 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 at six o'clock 在6点钟 at 7:30(seven thirty)在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at ten thirty a.m.在上午10点30分
at the weekend 在周末
③年、月、年月、季节、周用in。例;in 1986 在1986年 in 1927 在1927年 in april 在四月 in march 在三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周
④阳光、灯、影、衣、冒雨用in,在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light.他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。they are sitting in the shade of a tree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。he went in the rain to meet me at the station.他冒雨到车站去接我。in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服的妇女
⑤将来时态in...以后例: they will come back in 10 days.他们将10天以后回来。i'll come round in a day or two.我一两天就回来。we'll be back in no time.我们一会儿就回来。come and see me in two days' time.两天后来 46 看我。(从现在开始)after...(从过去开始)⑥小处at大处in i'm in liaoning, at anshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市. 有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in 例:the workers are paving a road with stone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)“taking tiger mountain by strategy” is a good opera.<<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法--无形)i really can't express my idea in english freely in-deed.
我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用in)the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in)this board was cast in bronze not in gold.这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。⑦特征、方面与方式、心情成语惯用in 特征或状态: they found the patient in a coma.他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。he has not been in good health for some years.他几年来身体一直不好。
the house was in ruins.这房屋成了废墟。her clothes were in rags.她的衣跟穿破了。
还有一些心理短语也用in,如: in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地,in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
⑧介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。
介词at和to都可以表示方向;用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。she came at me.她向我扑过来。
she came to me.她向我走过来。
he shouted at the old man.他大声喝斥那老人。he shouted to the old man.他大声向那老人说 she talked at you just now.她刚才还说你坏话呢。she talked to you just now.她刚才还同你谈话呢.she threw a bone at the dog.她用一块骨头砸狗。
she threw a bone to the dog.她把一块骨头扔给狗吃现在进行时:主语+be动词+动词ing 47 一般现在时:主语+动词+宾语(第三人称单数动词要加s)五年级全是将来时主语+will+动词原型
六年级上册第一,二单元学将来时三至七全是过去式 主语+动词过去式+宾语
六年级下册第一至二单元学一般现在时
第三单元到第六单元学一般过去时第七单元学交通规则should和shouldn't 一般过去时:
肯定句:主语+动词的过去式+......否定句:主语+did not+动词原形+.....疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+.....进行式:主语+be动词+现在分词+......一般将来式:
be going to+动词原形+......主语+will/shall+动词原形+....过去将来式: 主语+be(was、were)+动词原形+....主语+would/should+动词原形+....现在完成式:
主语+have/has+过去分词
过去完成式:主语(所有人称)+had+过去分词+....多背些例句更有用!
1.I(She/He)can swim.我(她/他)会游泳。
2.Can you(she/he/Danny)dive ? Yes, I(she/he)can.No, I(she/he)can’t.你(她/他/ Danny)会跳水吗?是的,我(她/他)会的。不,我(她/他)不会。3.How old are you? I’m ten years old.你几岁了?我十岁了。
4.How old is she/he? She/He is eleven years old.她/他几岁了?她/他十一岁了。5.What’s your name? My name’s Alice.你叫什么名字?我叫Alice.6.What’s his name? His name’s Sam.他叫什么名字?他叫Sam.7.What’s her name? Her name’s Ginger.她叫什么名字?她叫Ginger.8.Is this your bicycle? Yes, it’s my bicycle.No, it isn’t my bicycle.这是你的自行车吗?是的,它是我的自行车。不,它不是我的自行车。9.What’s he? He’s an ambulance man.他是干什么的?他是一个救护人员。10.What’s she? She’s a policewoman.她是干什么的?她是一个警察。11.What does your mother do? She’s a waitress.你的妈妈是干什么的?她是一个服务员。12.What does your father do? He’s a bus-driver.你的父亲是干什么的?他是一个公交车的司机。13.Whose block is that? That’s Kitty’s block.那是谁的大楼?那是Kitty的大楼。14.Whose parrot is it? It’s Ben’s parrot.它是谁的鹦鹉?它是Ben的鹦鹉。15.How does he feel? He’s afraid.他感觉怎样?他害怕了。
16.How does she feel? She’s thirsty.48 她感觉怎样?她渴了。
17.I have a new friend.We have a cat.They have a dog.看看这棵树。它的枝干是短的。32.You can play football in the playground.你们可以在操场上踢足我有个新朋友。我们有只猫。他们有球。
条狗。
18.He has a skateboard.She has a kite.It has a bell.他有一块滑板。她有一只风筝。它有 一只铃。
19.How many hoops? There are three hoops.有多少只呼拉圈?有三只呼拉圈。20.What have you got? We’ve got some chocolate.你们有什么?我们有一些巧克力。21.Where is the bird? It’s in the aviary.鸟在哪里?它在鸟舍里。
22.Where are the flowers? They’re in the plant house.花朵在哪里?它们在暖房里。23.Where is Alice? She’s on a swing.Alice在哪里?她在秋千上。24.Where is Eddie? He’s under the tree.Eddie在哪里?他在树底下。25.Don’t chase the hens.Close the gate.不要追赶母鸡。关上大门。26.How much is it? Twelve yuan.它多少钱?十二元。27.Here’s some corn.这儿是一些谷物(玉米)。28.I’m sorry.That’s all right.对不起。没关系。
29.What do frogs like? They like moths.青蛙喜欢什么?它们喜欢飞蛾。30.Look at the plant.Its stalk is long.看着这棵植物。它的茎是长的。31.Look at the tree.Its branches are short.49 A开头的单词如下: 1.about 差不多 2.across 横过,穿过 3.after 在„之后 4.afternoon 下午 5.again 再一次 6.airport 机场 7.alive 活着的 8.all 所有的
9.altogether 完全10.always 总是 11.am 我是
12.ambulance 救护车 13.America 美国 14.American 美国的 15.an 冠词一 16.and 和,与 17.animal 动物 18.answer 回答 19.any 任一的 20.apple 苹果 21.April 四月 22.are 是 23.arm 手臂 24.arrive 到达 25.art 艺术 26.ask 问,询问 27.at 在 28.August 八月 29.aunt 姨,姑 30.autumn 秋天 B开头的单词如下: 1.baby 婴儿 2.back 向后 3.bad 坏的 4.bag 皮包 5.ball 球 6.balloon 气球 7.ball pen 圆珠笔 8.bamboo 竹 9.banana 香蕉 10.Bank 银行 11.be 是;成为 12.bear 熊 50 13.beautiful 美丽的 14.bed 床 15.bee 蜜蜂
16.behind 在后向后 17.BeiJing 北京 18.bell 钟铃
19.beside 在„„„.旁边 20.better 比较好的 21.big 大的 22.bike 自行车 23.bird 鸟
24.birthday 生日 25.biscuit 饼干 26.black 黑色的 27.blackboard 黑板 28.blue 蓝色的29.blouse 女用短上衣 30.body 身体 31.book 书 32.borrow 借 33.both 两者都 34.bottle 瓶子 35.box 箱子盒子 36.boy 男孩 37.bread 面包 38.breakfast 早餐 39.bridge 桥 40.brother 兄 41.brown 棕色的 42.brush 刷子 43.bus 公共汽车 44.busy 忙碌的 45.butter 黄油 46.by 乘
47.bye-bye 再见 小学英语词汇c 1.cake 蛋糕 2.can 会,能够
3.can’t 不会,不能够 4.car 小汽车 5.card 卡片
6.careful 小心的,仔细的 7.cat 猫
8.cave 煽动
9.certainly 当然 10.chair 椅子
11.change 找头,零钱 12.cheap 廉价的,便宜的 13.chick 小鸡 14.child 孩子
15.children 孩子们 16.China 中国 17.Chinese 中国人 18.chocolate 巧克力 19.cinema 电影院 20.class 班,级 21.classroom 教室 22.clean 打扫 23.clever 聪明的 24.clock 钟
25.cloth 布,抹布 26.clothes 衣服 27.cloud 云
28.cloudy 多云的 29.coat 上衣,外套 30.coffee 咖啡 31.coke 可口可乐 32.cold 冷的 33.colour 颜色 34.come 来,到 35.computer 计算机 36.cook 厨师 37.cooker 炊具 38.cool 凉的39.corner 角,角落 40.count 数 41.course 过程 42.cow 母牛 43.cream 奶油 44.crisp 炸薯片 45.cry 喊叫,哭 46.cup 杯子
47.cupboard 橱,柜小学英语词汇d 1.dad 爸爸
2.daily 日常的
3.dance 跳舞 4.dark 暗的 5.day 一天
6.dear 贵的,亲爱的 7.December 十二月 8.deer 鹿 9.desk 书桌
10.dialogue 对话 11.dictionary 辞典
12.difficult 难的,困难的 13.dinner 正餐 14.dirty 脏的 15.dish 盘 16.dive 跳水 17.do 做,干 18.doctor 医生 19.dog 狗 20.door 门 21.down 往下 22.draw 画,绘 23.dress 服装 24.drink 喝,饮 25.drive 驾驶 26.driver 驾驶员 27.duck 鸭子小学英语词汇e
1、ear 耳朵
2、early 早的
3、east 东方的
4、easy 容易的
5、eat 吃
6、egg 蛋
7、eight 八
8、elephant 大象
9、eleven 十一
10、empty 空的
11、english 英语
12、enjoy 喜爱
13、evening 晚上
14、every 每一
15、exam 考试
16、excuse 原谅
17、exercise 练习
18、eye 眼睛
f
1、factory 工厂
2、face 脸,面孔
3、family 家庭
4、fan 扇子
5、farmer 农民
6、fat 胖的
7、father 父亲
8、February 二月
9、film 电影
10、find 找到
11、fine 很好的
12、finger 手指
13、finish 完成,结束
14、fireman 消防队员
15、fish 鱼
16、five 五
17、flag 旗
18、floor 地板
19、flower 花 20、fly 苍蝇
21、food 食物,食品
22、foot 脚,足
23、football 足球
24、for 给
25、four 四
26、fox 狐狸
27、free 自由的,空闲的
28、Friday 星期五
29、fridge 冰箱 30、friend 朋友
31、frog 青蛙
32、from 从„地方来
33、front 前面
34、fruit 水果
35、full 满的 g
1、game 游戏
2、garden 花园
3、get 得到
4、gift 礼物
5、girl 女孩
6、give 给,送给
7、glad 高兴的
8、glass 玻璃杯
9、go 去,走
10、good 另人满意的
11、goodbye 再见
12、goose 鹅
13、grade 年级
14、grandfather 外祖父
15、grandmother 外祖母
16、grass 草
17、great 大的
18、green 绿色的
19、guess 猜,猜测 20、gun 枪
hair 头发 half 一半 hall 礼堂 hand 手
happy 高兴的 hard 用功 has 有 hat 帽子 have 有 havent he 他 head 头 hear 听 hello 喂 help 帮助 hem 母鸡 her 她 here 这里 hey 嗨 hi 嘿
hill 小山 him 他 his 他的 home 家
homework 家庭作业 honey 蜂蜜 horse 马
hospital 医院 hot 热的 house 房屋 how 怎么样 hundred 百 hungry 饿的 hurry 赶快 hurt 弄痛
I 我 ice 冰
icecream冰激凌.ill 有病的 in 在地方 ink 墨水
interesting 有趣的 is 是
isn't 不是 it 它这个 it's 它的 jacket n.短上衣 jam n.果酱
January n.一月 jeep n.吉普车 jet n.喷气式飞机 join v.参加加入 juice n.果汁菜汁 July n.七月 jump v.跳跳跃 June n.六月 just adv.正好
key n.钥匙
kind adj.友好的 kitchen n,厨房 kite n.风筝 knee n.膝膝盖 knife n.刀 knock v.敲 know v.懂得
lamp 灯 large 大的 late 迟的 laugh 笑 left 左边的
leg 腿
lemon 柠檬
lemonade 柠檬汽水 lesson 课 let 让,允许 letter 字母 library 图书馆 life 生命 like 喜欢 line 一排 lion 狮子 listen 听 little 小的 long 长 look 看 lot 很多love 爱,喜爱 lovely 可爱的 lunch 午餐
make 制造 man 成年男子 many 很多的 map 地图 march 三月 market 市场 mask 面罩 maths 数学 May 五月 may 可以 me 我 meat 肉 meet 遇见 meeting 会议 melon 瓜
mention 谈到
middle 中间的,中部的 milk 牛奶 mind 介意 minute 分钟 miss 小姐 mistake 错误 monday 星期一 money 钱 monkey 猴子
month 月 moon 月亮 morning 早晨 mother 母亲 mouth 口,嘴 Mr.先生 Mrs.太太 much 许多的 Mum 妈妈 music 音乐
must 必须 my 我的 name n.名字 near adj.近的 need vt.n.需要 never adv.从不 new adj 新的 news n.新闻
newspaper n.报纸 next n.adj.下一个 nice adj.令人愉快的 night n.晚上 nine n.九 no adv.不 north n.北方
northeast adj.东北的nose n.鼻子 not 不
notebook n.笔记本 november n.十一月 now adv.现在 number n.数字 nurse n.护士
o'clock 点钟 October 十月 of......的 office 办公室 often 常常 oh 啊、噢 Ok 好的old 旧的on 在......上 once 一次 one 一
only 唯一的 open 开着的 or 或者、还是 orange 橙子 other 别的 our 我们的 out 不在over 在......的上方
panda 熊猫 paper 纸 parent 父亲 park 公园 parrot 鹦鹉 party 聚会 past 时间过了 PE 体育 peach 桃子 pear 梨 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔
pencilbox 铅笔盒 people 人、人民 picture 图画 pineapple 菠萝 pingpong 乒乓 pink 粉红色的 plane 飞机 plate 碟子 play 玩
playground 操场 please 使人高兴 pleasure 快乐 pocket 口袋
polite 有礼貌的 postman 邮递员 potato 土豆 pupil 小学生
quarter n.四分之一 queen n.王后 question n.问题 quilt n.被子
rabbit 兔子 radio 收音机 rain 雨
rainy 下雨的 read 读、念 ready 准备好的 rectangle 长方行 red 红色的 rice 米 rich 富有的 ride 骑
right 正确的 river 河流 road 道路 room 房间 rope 绳子 round 圆的 rubber 橡皮 ruler 尺 run 跑
runner 赛跑的人
same 一样的相同的saturday 星期六
school 学校
schoolbag 书包
schoolboy 男学生
schoolgirl 女学生
seat 座位
see 看见
september 九月
seven 七
shanghai 上海
she 她
sheep 羊
shelf 搁板,架子, shet
shine v.照耀,发光
ship 船
shirt 男式衬衫
shoe 鞋vt给„穿上鞋
shop n商店vi.购物, short 短裤短的,矮的shoulder n肩膀, vt承担,挑起
show 给„看
shut 关上,闭上,关闭, sing 唱
singing 唱歌
sir 先生
sister 姐妹
sit 坐, 就坐
six 六
skateboard滑板,溜冰板
skirt 裙子,女裙, sky 天天空
leep 睡觉
small 小的 smell 气味 v 闻到
smile 微笑
snake 蛇
snow 雪
snowy 下雪的雪白的sofa 沙发
so 非常.很
soldier 士兵vi 当兵some 一些某些,一部分的son 儿子
song 歌曲
sorry 对不起的south 南方在南方
speak发言,讲话, ,谈论
spoon 汤匙vt ,舀取
sport 运动
spring 春天
stand 站立,站起候车站
star n星星adj优秀的 story n故事,小说, 假话, s street 街,街道
strong 强壮的,坚固的subject 科目题目,学科
n原因,缘由,理由
summer 夏天
sun 太阳
sunday 星期天
sunglasses 太阳眼镜
supermarket 超级市场
supper 晚餐,晚饭
swan n 天鹅,杰出的诗人、歌手,vi闲荡, 游逛,发誓,声明
sweet adj甜的, swim 游泳
table n.桌子 take v.拿
tall adj.高的 tape n.磁带 tea n.茶 teach v.教
teacher n.老师 teeth n.牙齿 ten n.十
tennis n.网球 text n.课文 thank v.感谢
that adj.那那个 the adj.这
their adj.他们的 them pron.他们 then adv.当时 there adv.在那里 these adj.这些 they pron.他们 thin adj.瘦的 thing n..物think v.想 third n.第三
thirsty adj.渴的 this adj.这 those adj.那些 three n.三
Thursday n.星期四 tiger n.老虎 time n.时间
tired adj.疲倦的 to prep.到往 today n.今天 toe n.脚趾
together adv.一起 toilet n.厕所 tomato n.番茄 tomorrow n.明天 too adv.也 tooth n.牙齿 toy n.玩具 train n.火车 tree n.树
trousers n.裤子 truck n.卡车
try v.试
Tuesday n.星期二 turn v.转 TV n.电视
twelve n.十二 twenty n.二十 two n.二
umbrella n.伞 uncle n.伯父
under prep.在„„下面 up adj.向上 us pron.我们 use v.用
vase n.花瓶 very adv.非常 vest n.汗衫 video n.录像带 visit v.探访
volleyball n.排球
walk 行走 wall 墙 want 想要 war 战争 ward 病房 warm 温暖的 wash 洗
washer 洗衣机 washing 洗 watch 手表 water 水 we 我们 weak 虚弱的 weather 天气
wednesday 星期三 week 星期 welcome 欢迎 well 健康的 west 西方 what 什么
when 什么时候 where 哪里 which 哪一个 white 白色的 who 谁
why 为什么 will 将,会 wind 风 window 窗
windy 刮风的winter 冬天 with 有,带有 wolf 狼
wonderful 精彩的,很好的 work 工作 worker 工人 worry 担心 would 将,会 write 写,写作 wrong 错误的year n.年
yellow adj.黄色的 yes adv.是是的 yesterday n.昨天 you pron.你
young adj.年轻的 your adj.你的zebra n.斑马 zip n.拉链 zoo n.动物园小学英语词汇
1.礼貌用语:
Hello!你好!
Hi!你好!
Nice to meet you.能遇到你真好.How are you? 你好
Thanks./ Thanks a lot./ Many thanks.谢谢/多谢.That's Ok./ That’s all right.没关系
Good morning.早上好.Good afternoon.中午好.Good evening.晚上好.Sorry.对不起.See you.再见
Excuse me.请原谅.You are welcome.别客气
Happy birthday.生日快乐.Thank you very much./ Thank you so much.非常感谢你.65 I'd be glad to.我很乐意.What's the matter? / What’s wrong with you? 有什么问题吗? And you? 你呢?
How do you do ?你好。
It doesn’t matter.没关系、不要紧。2.人体部份:
hand 手
nose 鼻子
hair 头发
face 脸
ear耳朵 teeth 牙齿
head 头 mouth 口
toe 脚趾
arm手臂 foot 脚
body 身体
leg 腿
3.服装类:
blouse 女士衬衣
jeans 牛仔裤
trousers 裤子 shirt 衬衣、shorts 短裤
dress 连衣裙
sweater 毛线衣
T-shirt 文化衫
jacket 夹克
coat 大衣
sock 袜子
cap 帽子
hat 帽子 4.学习用品: pencil铅笔
desk 书桌
pencil-case 铅笔盒
pen钢笔
rubber 橡皮
bag 书包
ruler 尺子
pencil-sharpener笔刨
book 书
computer 计算机
dictionary 字典 tape 录音带recorder 录音机
exercise-book 练习本 5.生活用品:
stool 凳子
shelf 架子
map 地图
lamp 灯
sofa 沙发
TV 电视
clock 钟
glass 杯子
bed 床
cupboard 碗柜
fridge 电冰箱
table 桌子
mirror 镜子
wardrobe 衣柜
tissue 纸巾
6.玩具
toy 玩具
doll 洋娃娃
kite 风筝
ball 球 7.学科
subject 学科
English 英语 Chinese 语文
maths 数学
history 历史
science 科学
PE 体育 art 艺术 music 音乐 biology 生物学
chemistry 化学
IT 信息 drama 戏剧 Geography 地理
8.交通工具:
train 火车
underground 地铁
bus 公共汽车
boat 小船
motorbike 摩托车
ship 船
bike 自行车
spaceship 火箭
plane 飞机
truck 卡车
spaceship 宇宙飞船
car 小汽车
helicopter 直升飞机 9.颜色:
colour颜色
red红色
yellow黄色
green 绿色
white 白色brown 褐色
pink 粉红
purple 紫色
black 黑色
grey 灰色
10.形状:
circle 圆形
triangle 三角形
square 正方形
rectangle 长方形
11.数字:
one 一
two 二
three 三
four 四
five 五
six 六 seven 七
eight 八
nine 九
ten 十
eleven 十一
twelve 十二
thirteen 十三
fourteen 十四
fifteen 十五
sixteen 十六
seventeen 十七
eighteen 十八
nineteen 十九
twenty 二十
thirty 三十
fourty 四十
fifty 五十
sixty 六十
seventy 七十
eighty 八十
ninety 九十
one hundred 一百。12.动物:
pig 猪
bull 公牛
cow 母牛
duck 鸭子
goose 鹅
chicken 鸡
goat 山羊
sheep绵羊
horse 马 dog 狗
cat 猫
turtle 乌龟
frog 青蛙
guinea pig 豚鼠 eagle 鹰
mouse(pl.mice)老鼠
bird 鸟
tiger老虎
panda 熊猫
bear 熊
goldfish金鱼
fish 鱼
rabbit 兔子
polar bear 北极熊
lion 狮子
elephant 大象 giraffe 长颈鹿deer 鹿
snake 蛇
seal 海豹
whale 鲸 blue whale蓝鲸
cheetah 猎豹
leopard 豹 crocodile 鳄鱼
shark 鲨鱼
13.地方建筑、大自然:
garage 车库
school 学校
classroom教室
library图书馆bedroom卧室
living-room客厅
kitchen 厨房
bookstore 书店
building 大楼
clinic 诊疗所
canteen 饭堂
toilet 洗手间
park 公园
garden花园swimming 游泳池
museum 博物馆
factory 工厂
office 办公室
Children’s palace 少年宫
restaurant 饭店
gym 体育馆
bank 银行
lab 实验室
ceiling 天花板
wall 墙
sun 太阳
star星星
hill 小山lake 湖泊 river 河流
mountain 山脉 14.国家、语言、国籍:
USA美国
America 美国
American 美国人
Australian 澳大利亚人
Australia 澳大利亚
Chinese 中国人
China 中国
Japanese 日本人
Japan 日本 French 法国人
France 法国
British 英国 Britain 英国
German 德国人
Germany 德国
Canadian 加拿大人
Canada 加拿大 English 英语
Chinese 汉语
French 法语
German 德语
Russian 俄语
Japanese 日语
15.职业、身份:
Job 工作
farmer 农民
footballer 足球运动员
vendor 小贩
assistant 助理
shop assistant 售货员
teacher 教师
movie star 影星
cook厨师
nurse 护士
doctor 医生
postman 邮递员
driver 司机
manager 经理 worker 工人
soldier 士兵
fireman 消防员
policeman 警察
cleaner 清洁工
athlete 运动员 waiter 男服务员
waitress 女服务员
lawyer 律师
16.人物(包括家庭成员、亲戚、朋友、同学)Grandfather(外)祖父
grandmother(外)祖母
grandparent(外)祖父(母)parent 父(母)
father 爸爸 mother 妈妈
sister 姐姐,妹妹
brother 哥哥、弟弟
child 小孩、孩子
son 儿子
daughter女儿
husband 丈夫
wife 妻子
cousin 表堂兄弟姐妹
uncle 叔叔、伯伯
aunt阿姨、姑、婶
friend 朋友
classmate 同班同学 17.时间
time 时间
day 天
hour 小时
minute 分钟 second 秒
morning 早上
afternoon 下午 night 晚上
tomorrow 明天
the day after tomorrow 后天(1)星期:
week 星期
Monday 星期一
Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday 星期三
Thursday
星期四
Friday 星期五
Saturday 星期六
Sunday 星期日(2)季节:
year 年
season 季节
spring 春天、summer 夏天、autumn 秋天、winter 冬天(3)月份:
month 月份
January 一月
February 二月
March 三月
April 四月
May 五月
Jane 六月
July 七月 August 八月
September 九月
October 十月
November 十一月
December 十二月 18.运动项目:
sport 运动
play football 踢足球
play basketball 打篮球、play badminton 打羽毛球
swim 游泳
skip 跳绳
play table tennis 打乒乓球
run 跑步 high jump 跳高
long jump 跳远
weight-lifting 举重
19.水果、饮料、蔬菜、食物:
peach 桃子
grape 葡萄
banana 香蕉
apple 苹果
orange 橙子
watermelon 西瓜
tea 茶
coffee 咖啡
coke 可乐
water 水
cabbage 白菜
tomato 西红柿
carrot 萝卜
potato 马铃薯
pepper 辣椒
mushroom 蘑菇
broccoli 西兰花
onion 洋葱
porridge 粥
noodles 面条
rice noodles 米粉
bun 馒头
dim-sum 点心
toast 土司
chips 炸薯条、sandwich 三文治
dumpling 饺子
salad 色拉
pasta 意大利粉
hamburger 汉堡包
dessert 甜品
beefsteak 牛肉
ice cream 雪糕
chocolate 巧克力chicken 鸡肉 beef 牛肉
pizza 比萨饼
20.植物:
tree 树
leaf 叶子
grass 草
seed 种子
flower 花
grass 草
banyan 榕树
rose 玫瑰
lily 百合花
tulip 郁金香
sunflower 向日葵
oak tree 橡树
pine tree 松树
kapok 木棉
bluebell 风铃草
violet 紫罗兰 21.气候:
wet 湿的windy 有风的 sunny 阳光充足的cloudy 多云的、rain 下雨
warm 暖的 foggy 有雾的 rainy 下雨的 cool 凉的 dry 干的 22.病状
have a cold 感冒
pale 苍白的 headache 头疼
toothache 牙疼fever 发烧
stomachache 胃疼
cough 咳嗽 23.频度
always 总是
usually 通常
often 经常
sometimes 有时 never 从不 seldom 很少 24.量度
Kilometer 公里,千米
metre 米
centimeter 厘米
kilo 公斤 25.形容词
pretty美丽的 beautiful 漂亮的 short 矮的tall高的cute 可爱的 old老的 big 大的 small 小的thin 瘦的 heavy 重的 young 年轻的 kind 友善的hard 努力的 patient 忍耐的honest 诚实的 funny 有趣的ugly 丑陋的weak 瘦弱的 dangerous 危险的excited 激动的happy 高兴的 badly 坏的favourite 喜欢的boring 厌烦的 important 重要的 interesting 有趣的 best 最好的 tired 疲劳的 worry 担心的fast/quickly 快的 bed 坏的cold 冷的 hot 热的 pale 苍白的 pain 痛苦的 large 大的tidy 整齐的famous 著名的dry 干的 bright 聪明的 slim 苗条的strong 强壮的 fat 胖的many 多的 cool 凉的 silly 愚蠢的clean 干净的 musical音乐的fried油炸的 roast 烤的delicious美味的horrible 可怕的terrible糟糕的cheap 便宜的 expensive/dear 昂贵的fresh新鲜的 early早的different 不同的strange奇怪的 26.动词: wash 洗
blow 吹
brush 刷
clean 清洁
draw 画画 raise 举
open 打开
lend 借给
look 看
use 使用
sit 坐
Sit down 坐下
turn 转
tell 告诉
sing 唱歌
happy 高兴的give 给
cut 砍
eat 吃
listen 听
work 工作
read 读
fish 钓鱼
dance 舞蹈
catch 抓住
fall 落下
high jump 跳高
long jump 跳远
study 学习buy 买
wear 穿
patient忍耐
feed喂养
move 迁移
see 看见 drive 驾驶
get获得
ask 问
deliver 递送
drink 喝
eat/have 吃
serve服务
play 玩
game 运动
skip 跳
walk 走路
run 跑
do 做
meet遇到
sleep 睡觉
start 出发
fly 飞
skate 溜冰
speak 说grow种
stay 留下
water 浇水
leave 留下
call 叫
say 说
throw 扔
kill 杀
put 放
come 来
pack 收拾touch 摸
feel感觉
practise练习
watch 看 27.动词短语
go to school 上学
go skating 去滑冰
go sightseeing 去观光
go hiking 去滑雪
go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船
go for it 快点,努力
go on diet 节食
go away 走开
go out 出去
go on 继续 go to work
去上班
go to bed 上床
go swimming 去游泳
gofor a walk 去散步
go back 回来
get up 起床
go to work 去工作
get dressed 穿衣服
get down 下来
have a cold 感冒
have a bath洗澡
have a good time 过得愉快
have a fever 发烧
have fun 玩得开心
have been to 到过 take a rest 休息一会儿
take a walk 散步
take a message 传递信息
take photos 照相
take medicine 服药
take a photo 拍照
get up 起床
get down 下来 get dress 穿衣服
get out of 走出去
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the guitar 弹吉他
play chess 下棋 play cards 打扑克;打牌
play basketball 打篮球
play football 踢足球
play badminton 打羽毛球
play table tennis 打乒乓球
do one’s homework 做功课
do some reading 读些书
do a puzzle 拼拼图
do well in(在„„方面)做得好
do gardening 做园艺工作
look at 看看
look for 寻找
look like 看起来像
put on 穿上
put out熄灭
catch up 赶上
catch up with 赶上(某人)
make a snowman 堆雪人
make a speech 发表讲话
come in 进来
come to tea 来喝茶
fall over 跌倒
fall down 掉下
clean up 打扫
grow up 长大 hurry up 赶快
line up 排队
pick up 拾起 wake up 醒来
wash up 洗刷
check up 检查
ask for 要求
leave for 出发前往
wait for 等待 mop the floor 擦地板
set the table 摆碗筷
surf the net 上网
fly a kite 放风筝
ride a bike 骑自行车
keep a diary 记日记
agree with 同意
help„with 帮助
blow out 吹灭
hand in 交上
move in 迁进
listen to 听„„
sit down 坐下
talk about 谈论
turn on 打开 cut down 砍伐,砍倒
surf the net 上网
take exercise 锻炼身体
have a look看看
a day trip 一日游
on foot 步行
turn on 打开
hand in 交上来
talk about 谈及
moving in 正迁移
wake up醒来
go shopping 去购物
instead of 代替
after class 下课后
after dinner 晚饭后
after school 放学后
at home 在家
at the top of 在„„顶部
at the weekend 在周末
by the way 顺便说
by bike 骑自行车
by car 乘汽车
by bus 乘公共汽车
by plane 乘飞机
by
第四篇:英语学习方法谈3——语法篇
英语学习方法谈——语法篇
上次谈到英语学习方法(英语学习224)中的三项,兴趣、积累和词汇,这次让我们把目光转向英语学习的第二块基石 —— 语法。
语法,字面理解就是语言的法律,它告诉我们使用语言的规则。
语法究竟学习哪些内容?请看下面这张英语的语法体系图:
语言学家王力说,英语是法制的语言,汉语是人治的语言。可见英语比之汉语,规则要清楚得多。英文语法大树清晰地分成两个大枝,词法枝和句法枝。
词法:研究词的使用规则
词法是按单词的词性(Word Class)来分类的。词性就好比人种,有些人黄皮肤,黑眼睛,是黄种人;有些人白皮肤,蓝眼睛,是白种人,人种不同,体貌特征不同。同样,“a, an, the”是冠词,“egg, pig”是名词,词性不同,使用方法不同。很多同学在词汇学习时忽略词性,导致在中、高考书面表达中误用词性,这是一种出现最多而且最难改正的错误,所以在英语学习的初级阶段,一定要打好词性的基础。
先来介绍英语中的十种词性。请大家看这句话,“Whoops, one of the pretty girls and he are talking happily.”(哎呦,美女中的一个正高兴地和他交谈。)句子一共十一个词,囊括了以下十种词性中的大部分。
1、叹词:表达感情、语气的词语。“Whoops”是表示惊讶的叹词,相当于汉语中的“哎呦!”。
2、数词:表示数量的词语。One(本句中是代词,但更常用做数词)表示数字“1”。
3、介词:表示词语间的相互关系,相当于汉语中的助词。例句中的of相当于汉语中的“的”字。
4、冠词:冠,帽子也,冠词是英文名词的帽子。定冠词the是英文中出现频率最高的词汇。
5、形容词:形容词修饰名词表示特征。Pretty形容人的美丽。语言是否优美,形容词和副词是关键。
6、名词:表示事物的名称。Girl是女孩,再如我们说的薄脆饼干,英文叫做cracker,咬上去是不是有crack(爆裂)的感觉?
7、连词:连接一组词、短语或者句子的词语。比如例句中的“and”,连词可是句子从短变长、句式富于变化的功臣。
8、代词:最常用的方式是代替名词概念。比如QiangQiang got up.He opened his eyes.有了代词“he”,表达时就不用不厌其烦的使用名词QiangQiang(QQ)了。
9、动词:英文词法中最重要的词性,它决定了句子的结构。本句中用了“talk”一词的现在进行时态“are talking”说。动词时态、语态等都是中学考试命题者的最爱。
10、副词:经常用来修饰动词和形容词。句子中的“happily”就是一个典型的副词。
混血儿有多个人种的特点,与之类似,有些词语有多种词性,比如名词dog做动词讲的时候是“跟踪”的意思,A man dogged me.(一个人跟踪我。)
掌握英文的十种词性后,再分别学习每种词性所对应的语法规则,比如冠词规则分三部分:不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(既不加冠词,比如play basketball中的basketball前面不加冠词);而词法中的难点——动词的学习分四部分:时态、语态、助动词和情态动词,这样分类之后是不是感觉条理清晰了很多呢?
句法:研究造句规则
比如词语的组合顺序:同样的词语,但不同的词语组合顺序,两个句子“The snake bit the old man”和“The old man bit the snake.”含义大相径庭。根据句子的繁简程度,句子分成三类:简单句、复合句和并列句。
简单句
简单句是其它两类句子的基础,先请看下面五句话:
1、Time flies.(时光飞逝。)
2、Time proves all.(时间证明一切。)
3、Time brings us experience.(时间带给我们经验。)
4、Time makes us attractive.(时间使我们有魅力。)
5、Time is money.(时间就是金钱。)
每句话都有一个描述对象(这里都是Time),叫做主语。主语发出的动作(比如fly, tell, bring, make, is)叫做谓语。简单句就是有且仅有一个主语和一个谓语的句子。
上述五个句子中主语全一样,都是Time,仅仅是谓语动词的不同导致句子结构的不同,即动词种类决定简单句种类。英语中动词分五类,所以英语简单句也分五类:
1、不及物动词(fly):主语+谓语,就能独立成句。
2、及物动词(prove):主语+谓语+宾语,谓语动词后面必须加一个宾语才能组成句子,其中宾语是谓语动作的对象。
3、双宾动词(bring):主语+谓语+宾语1+宾语2,谓语动词后面必须加两个宾语句子才能组成句子。
4、宾补动词(make):主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语,谓语动词后面不仅要加一个宾语,宾语后面还需要一个补充说明宾语的成分。
5、连系动词(is):主语+系动词+主语补语,系动词主要起连接作用,连接主语和其补充说明成分。
英语中大多数动词都是及物动词,而且有些动词有多重属性,比如make除了例句中做宾补动词之外,也可以做及物动词,比如我做了个蛋糕。(I made a cake.)因为简单句能表达的意思有限,所以人们表达复杂思想时,复合句和并列句就粉墨登场了。
复合句
复合句是把简单句中的成分(如主语或宾语,原来由词或者词组构成的)用一个句子替代。比如简单句We know the fact.(我们知道这个事实。),其中“the fact”做宾语成分。假定 “the fact”(这个事实)就是“Hua Mu Lan is a girl.”(花木兰是女孩。),我们用这句话代替简单句中“the fact”这个成分,用一个复合句We know that Hua Mu Lan is a girl.(我们知道花木兰是女孩。)表达出上述两个句子的含义。我们把简单句部分(We know„)称为主句,而替代句(that Hua Mu Lan is a girl)称为从句。
复合句中有三点需要注意:
其一,从句是主句的句子成分。(上例中的从句“that Hua Mu Lan is a girl”在主句中做宾语。)主从句名称反映的是主、从句地位的不同,主句是主人,从句是仆从,仆从是主人的一部分。
其二,从句构造规则:从句=连词+句子。从句不是简单的句子,而是在句子前加上连词。(比如上例中的“that”)
其三,根据从句所替代成分相当于名词、形容词还是副词,从句被分成三类,名词从句、形容词从句(也称定语从句或关系从句)和副词从句(状语从句)。(比如上例中被从句替代的成分“the fact”是名词,所以该从句称为名词从句。)
复合句学习的关键是掌握何处使用从句(替换主句成分)和如何构造从句(选择合适连词)。
并列句
并列句就是用连词(如and, but, so)把简单句连接起来。比如两个简单句We know the fact.和We will not tell you.可以用连词“but”连接,变成We know the fact but we will not tell you.并列句学习的关键在于熟练掌握并列连词。
语法学习注意事项
学习语法要注意以下三点:
一是建立正确的语法体系。首先在头脑中种植上述语法大树,对语法形成总体印象(big picture),这样每个语法点的学习都归结为语法大树上某片叶子的学习,这样才能高屋建瓴而不是管中窥豹。《朗文英语语法》(L.G.亚历山大编著)和《英语语法新思维》(张满胜编著)都提供了科学的语法体系,应常备案头,按图索骥。但抛弃英语的日常使用,专攻语法书则是不可取的,没有针对性因而事倍功半,只能打击学习语法的积极性。所以语法书是用来查的,而不是用来学的。
二是分之治之。种植语法大树后,逐片研究每片树叶,从初中的词法、简单句到高
一、高二动词词法的继续学习和复合句。高三复习时再次强化大树,复习每片树叶。
三是先规则后例外。语法是对语言的归纳总结,先有语言,再总结出规则。但语言是活的,规则无法涵盖所有语言现象,作为规则的补充,必须考虑例外。比如作为规则,结尾为“o”字母的可数名词变复数结尾要加-s, 但是中学范围内有四个词语例外,结尾要加-es,tomato, potato, hero和negro。考试中,一定是规则为主,例外为辅;所以学习时也一样,时间和精力主要花在规则上,而不要为少数生僻的语法特例皓首穷经
第五篇:初中英语必会词组,句法,语法,和练习题
初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料
初中英语*新课标版*中考复习*知识总结*重点提要*专题整合*课题专练*名师讲解
声明:本复习材料适用于初三中考学生,知识点全面,内含中考试题和分析讲解,1个月即 可速成,普遍提升英语成绩可达30分以上,熟练掌握者,完全可以攻破中考英语关!
特别声明:版权所有,翻版必究!!
鸣谢:本资源部分参考至互联网和其他书籍材料,特此提出感谢!
【初中英语词组总结】(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2(比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)agree with sb 赞成某人 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 along with同......一道,伴随......eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for......求助 向...要...(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在......岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of............的起初;......的开始 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原)能够......eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐惧,害怕......eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 be as...原级...as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 be away from 从......离开 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太
阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于......32 be careful 当心;小心
be different from......和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以......著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满......的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句
be going to + v(原)将来时
be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善长, 善于......41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康
be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像......eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
be made from 由......制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由......制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观
be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定
be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信
我的大脑(老师)
be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相
信他能通过考试
be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考
试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕......71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as...和什么一样
be used to doing sth习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
be worth doing 值得做什么
be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start...with...=begin...with...以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between...and...两者之间
borrow sth from sb 向......借......lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借给......什么 东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同
bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到......为止
call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的 未来
catch up with sb 赶上某人
chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进
come over to 过来
come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办 法吗?
communicate with sb 和某人交流
consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不
考虑去泸州?
dance to 随着......跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳 舞
decide to do sth 决定做某事
do a survey of 做某方面的调查
do better in 在......方面做得更好
do wrong 做错
Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意......99 each +名(单)每一个...eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢
escape from 从......逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱
里逃跑出来
expect to do sth 期待做某事
fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from...to...从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做...eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被 剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth 120 get...from...从某处得到某物
give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)127 good way to 好方法
hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to...(地方)......去过某过地方 have gone to...(地方)去了某地还 没回来
have fun +doing 玩得高兴
have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我
没什么事情做
have to do sth 必须做某事
have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
have...time +doing 138 have...(时间)...off 放......假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处
help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面)help sb(to)do sth 帮助某
人做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否=wether eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚
会
He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知
道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会 让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的
钱,我就要去英国
in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面
in the end = finally(adv)最后
in the north of...什么在什么的北方(north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东)
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +(名)代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说
太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb)to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对......来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样? 167 keep out 不让......进入
168 keep sb adj 让......保持......eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to...anser to...key 可以是答题或钥匙 171 laugh at...取笑......eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该
让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up be made up of(被动语态)由......组成 190 make...difference to...191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意......做什么 192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
197 need to do(实义动词)need do(情态动词)
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不......eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭
201 not...(形、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not...at all 一点都不
203 not...either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐
204 not...until 直到......才......eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water(I offer water to you 我给你提供水
207 on one's way to...在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作
216 pay for...付......钱 pay the bill 开钱,付钱 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对......更喜欢......eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在
物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做...不愿意去做...eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做...也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更
喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意...eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来
223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句 eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather...than 宁可......也不......eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫 225 regard...as 把......当作......eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking(he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 the words that(which)the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself 对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物
238 send...to...把什么寄到哪里去?
239 shock 使......震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you!You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓
我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some...others...一些......另一些......244 start...with...从......开始 begin...with...从......开始 245 stay away from 远离......eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你
想减肥,你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 这样,这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take classes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于......257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做 什么
263 tell...from...264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as......266 the same...(名)...as as...(adj adv)...as 相同
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的
路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to...(地点)到哪的
269 too...to...太怎样而不能......adj +enough to 足够...能...so...that +丛句 eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte......into......把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了 eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已
经做过了 274 try...试衣服 have a try 试一下
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着
278 visit to...参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
【初中英语语法总结】
【1 一般现在时的用法 】
1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状 语: every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二 句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。【2 一般过去时的用法 】
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:
yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足 球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb.to do sth “到......时间了” “该......了”。例如: It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该......了”,例如It is time you went to bed.你早该 睡觉了。
would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4)wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时
表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some.我以
为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚 离去)注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
【3 used to / be used to 】
used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对......已感到习惯,或“习惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例 如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't
答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生 在过去,因此应用过去时。
【4 一般将来时】
1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用
于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b.计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开 播。
c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。】 例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.【6 be to和be going to】
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)【7 一般现在时表将来 】
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来
表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。
There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前,务必把窗户关 了。
【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
【9 现在完成时 】
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示 持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have(has)+过去分词。【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为 过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无 时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,...ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具 体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的 时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如
live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
4)一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等 例如:
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
5)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成
时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.【11.比较since和for 】
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1)
(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, a nd is still studying it now.2)
(错)Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然,第二句不对,它应改
为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.【12.since的四种用法】
1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989.1989起,我一直在这儿。
2)since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3)since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后,变化可大了。
4)It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。
【13.延续动词与瞬间动词】
1)用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例 如:
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)
I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做......直到......” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到......,才......”。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times 告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
答案A.等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
【14.用一般过去时代替过去完成时】
1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去
时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.【15.不用进行时的动词】
1)表示事实状态的动词,如
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例
如:I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如 know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget , prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help.我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much.他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。
【16.过去进行时】 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动 作发生。
3)常用的时间状语有
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了 伤。
It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1)Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes
答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,“玛丽在做 衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2)As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read;was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为“当......之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;
一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。”句中 的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
【重点部分提要】 一.词汇
⑴ 单词
1.介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1).in表示“在......中”,“在......内”。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2).on 表示“在......上”。例如: on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上
3).under表示“在......下”。例如: under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下
4).behind表示“在......后面”。例如: behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后
5).near表示“在......附近”。例如: near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近near the bed 在床附近
6).at表示“在......处”。例如: at school 在学校 at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7).of 表示“......的”。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图
2.冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两 种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book;an用在 以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.这是一只猫。
It's an English book.这是一本英语书。His father is a worker.他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------What can you see in the classroom?------I can see a bag.------Where's the bag?------It's on the desk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?------我能看见一个书包。------书包在哪呀?------在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点 我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何的”。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family family看作为一个整体时,意思是“家庭”,后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family 看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family.我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now.我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长 大的环境和居住地点。house指“家”、“房屋”,侧重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in Beijing.我的家在北京。He isn't at home now.他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family.这是一张我全家的照片。
5.little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义,意为“少的”,加不可数名词。There is little time.几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走
二.日常用语
1.Come and meet my family.2.Go and see.I think it's Li Lei.3.Glad to meet you.4.What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books.5.Can you see an orange? Yes, I can./ No, I can't.6.Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.7.Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。see 在这是“明白、懂了”,不可译作“看见”。例如:
8.Please have a seat.seat表示“座位”,是个名词。have a seat表示“就坐”,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down 的意思相同。
三.语法
1.名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为“......的”。一般有以
下几种形式:
(1).一般情况下在词尾加“'s”。例如: Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加“'”。例如: Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加“'s”。例如: Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节
(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加“'s”,而常常用介词of的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时 用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see.去看看。Come in, please.请进。(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。Don't look at your books.不要看书。
Don't play on the road.不要在马路上玩。
3.There be 的句子结构
There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动 词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not +(any)+ 名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there +(any)+名词+地点状语?肯定
回答:Yes, there is / are.否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?---Yes, there is.有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?---No, there aren't.没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many...are there(+地点状语)?“某地有多少人或物?”回答用 There be...There's one./ There are two / three / some...有时直接就用数字来回答。One./ Two...---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
【课题专练】
专题
一、英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念
英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲 1.转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种 词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词
很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如 下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。例如:
①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表 示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如:
①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?
②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生 活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。例如:
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词 叫作派生法。
1)前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起 词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如:
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 lead带领→mislead领错
stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti-(反对;抵抗), auto-(自动), co-(共同), en-(使), inter-(互相), re-(再;又), sub-(下面的;次;小), tele-(强调距离)等。例如:
alone单独的antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表
cooperate合作enjoy使高兴
internet互联网reuse再用 subway地铁telephone电话 2)后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的
词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ful(一......),-ian(精通......的人),-ist(专业人员),-ment(性质;状态),-ness(性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。例如:
differ不同于→difference区别
write写→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人
act表演→actress女演员
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后),-fy(使......化),-ize(使......成为)。例如:
wide→widen加宽
beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯
real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able(有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en(多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern(方向 的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表示否定),-like(像......的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表示天气)等。例如:
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的 America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的 gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(主 要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如:
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝......,向......east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几),-ty(几十),-th(构成序数词)。例如:
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十 3.合成法
1)合成名词
构成方式例词
名词+名词weekend周末 名词+动词daybreak黎明
名词+动名词handwriting书法
名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药
名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑
代词+名词she-wolf母狼
动词+名词typewriter打字机
动名词+名词reading-room阅览室
现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼
形容词+名词gentleman绅士
副词+动词outbreak爆发
介词+名词afternoon下午
2)合成形容词
名词+形容词snow-white雪白的
名词+现在分词English-speaking讲英语的 名词+to+名词face-to-face面对面的 名词+过去分词man-made人造的
数词+名词one-way单行的
数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的 数词+名词+ed five-storeyed五层的 动词+副词see-through透明的 形容词+名词high-class高级的
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的
形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的
形容词+现在分词good-looking相貌好看的 副词+形容词ever-green常青的
副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的 副词+过去分词well-known著名的 副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的 介词+名词downhill下坡的 3)合成动词
名词+动词sleep-walk梦游
形容词+动词white-wash粉刷
副词+动词overthrow推翻
4)合成副词
形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词everywhere到处
副词+副词however尽管如此
介词+名词beforehand事先
介词+副词forever永远
5)合成代词
代词宾格+self herself她自己
物主代词+self myself我自己
形容词+名词anything任何东西 6)合成介词
副词+名词inside在......里面 介词+副词within在......之内
副词+介词into进入 4.截短法(缩略法)
截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script 5.混合法(混成法)
混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部 分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
6.首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分 别读音;作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP(读字母音)要人;大人物
television→TV(读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
Nato 三.巩固练习
1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness
2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death
3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician
5.The three-________chair isn't suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged
6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely
8.To everyone's ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfied B.satisfactory
C.satisfying D.satisfaction
9.-What are you doing here?
-Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.-You can write________passage in English?
A.600 words;a 600-words
B.600-word;a 600-words
C.600 words;a 600-word
D.600 words;a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence
11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline
C.headmaster D.headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A.intend B.intention
C.intentionally D.intentional
13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A.practice B.practise
C.practical D.practiced
14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A.judger B.judgment
C.judge D.judgement
15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A.lately B.latest
C.later D.latter
16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A.longer B.length
C.long D.longing
17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A.joy B.joyful
C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country.A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken
19.How________ he is!He is always acting________.He is really a ________.A.foolish;foolishly;fool
B.fool;foolish;fool
C.foolish;fool;fool
D.foolishly;foolish;fool
20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It's of great ________.A.valuable B.value
C.valueless D.unvaluable
21.There were________fish in the river in South America.A.in danger B.danger
C.dangerous D.dangerless
22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.A.sound B.silent
C.silence D.sounded
23.The child looked at me________.A.stranger B.strangely
C.strange D.strangeless 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees
25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonable B.reasonful
C.reasonless D.unreason
26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.A.advance B.advancing
C.advantage D.advanced
27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A.nearby B.near
C.nearly D.near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army,not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________.A.official;officer;office
B.officer;office;official
C.official;official;official
D.officer;official;office
29.You'd better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.health B.healthy
C.healthily D.healthier 30.________ speaking,I didn't do it on purpose.A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest [参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB
专题
二、英语语法汇总及练习
动词的时态: 初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完 成时.1.一般现时的用法:主要由动词原形表示,但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s。否定句 和疑问句要用助动词do, does.A.经常性或习惯性的动作。如The trees get green in spring.。
B现在特征或状态。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.He doesn` t work in the factory.C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east.Five and two in seven.2现在进行时: 现在进行时是由助动词be 的人称形式加现在分词构成。主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:
Where are they swimming? They are swimming in the river.有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是:go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear.....She is coming to see me tomorrow.3. 一般将来时: 主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。
由助动词shall 或will加动词原形构成。/ be going to 加动词原形构成 It won't rain tonight.I shall meet you at the station.He is going to have a swim tomorrow.4.一般过去时:由动词的过去式表示。
表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如;
Did you knock at the door just now? / He finished reading the book yesterday.5.现在完成时:由have的人称形式加过去分词构成 A 到现在为止已经完成的动作。如:
I have lent my book to Ann.我把书借给了安。
He has never seen a real tiger.他从来没有见过真老虎。B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如:
She has lived here since 1991.从一九九一年起她就住在这里。时 态 常用的时间副词
一般现在
时 every(year,otherday ,twodays,week,month...),often ,always,usually ,som etimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday 一般过去时 last week, just now,yesterday, yeaterday morning ,the day before yesterday,then, at that moment,(a few days)ago, 一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in two days, 现在进行时 now 现在完成时 since ,for(one year....), just, already, yet ,in the last five years,...before.so far
被动语态:
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Be有人 称,数量和时态变化。
一般现在时:be(is am are)+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时:be(was were)+ 及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的过去分词:情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词
用动词的适当时态填空:
1.Light_________(travel)faster than sound.He _______(get)up early in the morning 2.John usually ________(go)home on Sunday morning.3.Cats ________(like)fish while dogs _______(like).4.He always__________(sleep)with his windows open.5.One tree ___________(not make)a wood.Two and three_______(be)five.6.I ______(say)you are wrong.Everything _______(go)well in spring.7.He_________(not wok)on Sundays.He _______(take)a walk after supper.8.Lucy ________(prefer)coffee to milk.Lily ________(hate)traveling.9.Children _______(love)to play games.The boy _____(look)like his mother.10.The sun _______(rise)in the east and ______(go)down in the west.11.Where ______you ______(go)just now? I _______(go)to the library.12.He______(live)in China last year, but he ________(live)in Japan now.He _________(live)there for three months.He ________(live)there by the end of this year.13.He _______(pay)ten yuan for his new book yesterday.It ______(cost)him so little.14.What _____you _____(wear)yesterday? I _______(wear)a blue skirt.15.He ______(feel)very tired last night ,he ____(fall)asleep very quickly.16.He______(say)he ______(will)write to me as soon as he came home.17.He ______(take)his temperature half an hour ago.18.We ________(win)the league match last week, we ______(be)the winners.19.She ______(keep)me waiting for an hour last night.She ______(be)late.20.He ______(find)it difficult to get to sleep.because he _______(be)too glad.21.He ________(read)a book when I ______(see)her.22.Great changes _______(happen)in the village last year.23.He ____(drive)to Shanghai last week, he ________(choose)many presents for his family.24.Just now ,he ______(mistake)me for Lucy.25.What ______you _____(do)now ? I ________(look)for my pen.26.Look ,they ______(read)over there,others _______(dance)under the tall tree.27.Listen ,someone___________(sing)English songs next room.28.It's five o'clock..I________(do)my homework, My brother __________(play)games , my mother _________(cook)supper, my father ________(mend)his car in the garden.29.Tom __________(fly)kites with his classmates on the hill now.30.Who ____________(wash)clothes over there ? It's my mother.31.______you _______(look)for a ball? Yes.I am.32.He _______always _______(try)out his new ideas.33.The world population __________(grow)faster and faster.34.What _______Lucy _________(wear)today ? She _______(wear)a dark blue skirt.35.______you _______(make)a cake ? No.I__________(make)dumplings.36.It________(rain)hard now.If it_________(not stop),we________(not go)to the park.37.The children ________(go)the park next week.They ________(have)a good time there.38.He with his father _________(play)football tomorrow.39.My friend _________(come)to see me in two days.40.What ______you _______(do)this Sunday ? Nothing much.______we ______(go)shopping? That's a good idea.When ______we ______(meet)? 41.There __________(be)a football match the day after tomorrow.42.Jim __________(have)a swim this evening.After that ,he ________(do)his homework.43.ClassThree __________(not have)any classes next week.44.I________(buy)a skirt for my daughter next month.45._______you_______(start)your homework? Yes, but I_________(not finish)it yet.46.What ________you________(do)with the library book? I_____just _______(return)it.47.Excuse me.I ________(lose)my cat._____you ______(see)it anywhere? 48.If I _______(lose)the book, I must pay for it.49.I_______(come)to get my pan back..______you _______(finish)using it? Not yet.50._____you ever _______(milk)a cow? No, never.51.How long _____you ______(be)at this school ? For two years.52.He ________(teach)in this school for ten years.I_________(live)here since last year.53.More than two days ________(pass)since we left.54._______you ______(take)her temperature? Yes, I have.I_______(have)a cold for a week.55._______you _______(sleep)well? Yes, I ______(sleep)well all night.56.I_______ never________(hear)of that before.56.Chinese _________(speak)by the largest people in the world.57.This bike _______(make)in Shanghai.Bananas_________(grow)in the south of China.58.Metal _________(use)for making machines.59.Sheep _________(keep)farmers for producing wool and mutton.60.The watch _________(buy)two years ago.It _________(buy)for two years.61.The bike _________(use)for ten years.It ________(break)down for two months.62.______you ______(wear)it a lot ? Yes.It _______(wear)for ten years.63.The young tree must __________(tie)to the stick.64.Trees should __________(plant)in spring.65.Silk ________(produce)in Suzhou.66.Some of the things ________(show)in the museum now.67.The PRC _________(found)on October 1,1949.68.The lost boy _______(find)yesterday.69.The book _________(write)in English It can __________(read)by many people.70.Old people should ___________(speak)to politely.71.The teacher should ____________(listen)to carefully.72.She _________(surprise)at the news just now.73.She __________(see)to run into the room by me five minutes ago.74.The ground _________(cover)with snow in winter.75.Fruit should __________(harvest)at the right time.76.There are twenty more trees to___________(plant).77.He ________(mistake)for Jim by the man yesterday.78.Great changes_________(happen)in the village since 1985.79.The cheapest pen ________(choose)by him at last.80.The car must ___________(drive)slowly by old men.综合练习:
1.The girl _____(draw)a co on the blackboard with chalk now.2.When_____ you ______(lose)the book? 3.How many times ______your uncle ____(be)to Dalian ? Twice 4.The girl always _______(prefer)Chinese to maths.5.The girl _______(learn)to milk since last year.6.-What`s the girl crying for?---She ______(cut)her finger.7.Stop ______.(guess).Mrs Hu has told me who won the high jump.8.The dog often ____(follow)the young man everywhere.9.Can you _______(guess)it isn`t his ? 0.Hurry up, or you(catch)______ the train.11.Rechard ________(give)you a call as soon as you comes back.12.The little boy hurt his head.He _____(need)an operation at once.13.Don`t worry.We _______(send)for the policemen.14.My radio _______(break).I can`t listen to it.15.Robert lay quietly while the doctors ________(operate)on him.16.Don`t worry.They_______(take)good care of your sin if you go to save the soldiers.17.Most people _______(hate)the bad weather.18.The spy ________(cover)the blanks while the policemen came in.19.Don`t go to see him.He _________(change)his mind.20.Jim ______(make)a few friends since he came to China.21.Don`t worry.The foreign children _______(get)on well on well with their classmates.22.Who _______(wear)the sweater outside last night? 23.Look.You brother ________(fight)with John.24._______ the door ______ ?(lock)25.Glasses _________(make)of glass.26.Silk _______(sell)in some shops in the town..27.The factory _________(produce)machines.28.Do you know the Frenchman/ Yes , I__________(know)him for two years.29.The farmers often _________(sell)their vegetables in the market.30.How many televisions ___________(make)in the factory last week? 31.Athermos is used for _________(keep)the water hot.32.Can the motorbike _________?(ride)33.The old woman __________(lock)the box when she goes out.34.Don't be afraid.The dog must _________(tie)to the tree.35.All the new words __________(not look)up in the dictionary yet.36.How many babies __________(bear)in the world every year“ 37.The woman _______(have)ababy this morning.38.The shoes in your size __________(sell)out.39.Jack fell over while he ______(pass0 the stick on to the second runner.40.Sorry , I kept you ________(wait)so long.41.The boy is always made ________(wash)his face in the morning.42.What _______(be)the population in the world by the end of this century? 43.Mr Brown has stopped smoking since he ________(operate)on ? 44.Tom said he ______(be)a teacher when he grew up.45.His jacket _______(wear)out.He wants to buy a new one.46.The woman _______(seem)always angry.47.Will you go to see the film? Thanks, but _________(see)it ? 48.Miss Li ________(be)Washington for one and a half years.49.When will you finish ______the book ?(write)50.I ______(leave)my pen in the bedroom.I have to write with a pencil.51.Stop talking.The headmaster _________(come).52.The book can ________(keep)for two weeks.53.After supper she went on _________(do)her homework.54.It was a cold night.An old man _______(lie)under a chair in the park.55.Doctors _________(need)in every part of the world.56.She ______(say)she works in an office.57.His father ________(die)for two months.58.By the end of this month , Bill ________(catch)up with Bruce.59.Why _______you always ______(follow)me? 60.The girl _______(hurry)off just now.61.How much ________you _______(spend)on the next travel ? 62.Mr Brown _______(come)in ten minutes 63.All the children ________(take)good care of in the school.64.I ________(go)with you if you agree with me.65.What _______(happen)at the corner of the street now? 66.The young man was very lazy , so he ________(send)away.67.The woman ________(not hear)from her husband since last April.68.The boy was sad because his team _______(beat).69.Two of the players _____(hurt)while playing football.70.Please go and see a film with me when you ______(finish)71.How soon _____ you ______(go)again to Chengdu? 72.Could you tell me what _______(grow)in the South ? 73.His little sister ______ still _____(sleep)when he ______(get)up yesterday.74.I`ll pass the message on to Luny as soon as I ________(see)her next week.75.Mum _______(have)supper at six every evening.76.What ______ this _____(call)in English ? 77.Do you feel like ______(walk)to the corner with me ? 78.Each of the pupils _______ an hour to finish the paper yesterday.(give)79.Your uncle _____ under the tree , isn`t he ?(lie)80.He asked me if it _______(rain)the next morning.81.You`d better _______(go)to see a doctor.82.We ______(learn)over ten English songs by the end of last term.83.The team ______(choose)yesterday afternoon.84.He doesn`t let us ________(draw)on the wall.85.I like _______(read)in bed.86.It ______(get)late , I must go home.87.Neither of us _______(have)much time.88.It gets too hot for _______(climb)89.His mother ______(be)a nurse for nearly ten years.90.Be quite!The baby ______(sleep).91.A new bridge _______(build)in the park last year.92.Lucy ______(do)her home work.You`d better _____(turn)off the TV set.93.I _____(see)him yesterday.94.Her sister ______(learn)to draw since she was four.95.A woman _______(see)go into the boy`s room.96.I _______(call)you as soon as I get to Beijing.97.I don`t know when she ______(return),but when she _____(return).98.If there ______(be)no water ,there _____(be)no living things on the earth.99.I ______(receive)a letter yesterday.It(write)by my brother.He _______(stay)in Hainan.He _____(be)there for nearly a year.In his letter , he _____(say)he _____(return)to Xuzhou the next month.If he _________(come)back ,he ______(leave).And a new theatre _____(build)near our home.It _____(finish)in two weeks.100.My friend Li _______(get)a watch.He _______(have)it for two years.It _____(make)in a town.He _______(buy)it in a street market and ______(wear)it to school almost every day.But he ________(like)it.It _______(have)often ______(break)down.He would like a better one.Next time he ______(buy)one from a shop.宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由下列词引导,1.由 that 引导(that在口语中可省略)
He said(that)he would like to see the headmaster.She said(that)she would leave a message on his desk.He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese.2.接连接代词或连接副词引导.(what.who.which.whose /where, when ,how......).Do you know what time the train leaves? Can you tell me which class you are in ? I wanted to know where we should show our tickets.3.whether 或if 引导
Lily wanted to know if it would rain the next day.She asked if they would go to the park this Sunday.*在选择疑问句中,或与or not 连用时,必须用whether而不能用if。变宾语从句需要注意以下几点:
a. 时态变化: 主句是一般现在时,从句可以是任何时态
主句是过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种
主句是将来时,从句必须是一般现在时。B.人称变化:不常用 如:He asked me.”Are you a teacher?“ He asked me if I was a teacher。C.语序变化:Where is Mike ? Do you know? Do you know where Mike is ? Practise :
1. He said.The boy is a clever boy.2. He is sure.His team can beat them 3. He was afraid.It will be windy tomorrow.4. He said.The lost book was founded.5. He hopes....He will be able to pass the exam.6. He asked.....When will the bus arrive? 7. Mother asked her son....Whose pen are you using? 8. The children said.....we enjoy ourselves very much.9. The boy asked me.....Have you heard any noise from outside ? 10.Do you know....Which way must we take to ? 11.I don't know.....Why is he late for the meeting? 12.Do you remember...When did he die? 13.Nobody knows...When will he come back? 14.Do you know...What are they looking for? 15.He asked me...How long does it take to walk to school? 16.Father asked me...What is wrong with you ? 17.I didn't know...He is going to have a boy.18.They never asked...Will it be a boy or a girl ? 19.He didn't know...population is a big problem.20.I thought...He will come back soon.21.He asked me...Which TV programme will you watch ? 22.I don't know...Will it grow fast? 23.Lily asked...Can the man help them 24.Mother asked Do they have a cheaper one? 25.She asked Lucy...Do you need some more tea ? 26.The teacher asked us...Do you have any questions ? 27.He asked...What did Lucy say ? 28.She didn't know...Who was in the room ? 29.They wanted know...What is in the stockings? 30.He asked...What is his present? 31.He asked...Did Jim have a good journey home? 32.He wanted to know...Was it warm in Moscow ? 33.He asked...Where is Jack? 34.He wanted to know...What has happened? 35.He asked...Is anybody hurt ? 时间状语从句:常用下列词语 when、after、before、as soon as、(not)until、since 关于主、从句的时态关系与宾语从句一致
1.I was doing my homework when he came in.2.I will write to you as soon as I get there.3.I will finish the cooking before my mother comes back.4.I didn`t go to bed until my mother returned home 条件状语从句: 1.We won`t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.2.If you have lost the book , you must pay for it.原因状语从句:常用下列词语 because , for , as , so 1.I am late because I missed the train.2.He was lazy so he didn`t pass the exam.综合练习:用适当的词填空
1.You can not go to the classroom _____ they are having a lesson.2.______ they arrived at the theatre, the play had already begun.3.Tom speaks English ____ well ____ an Englishman.4._______ I was walking in the park , I met Tom 5._______ I had done my homework , I went home.6.______ she got home ,she began to wash her clothes.7.Tom`s mother had been a teacher _____ she was twenty.8.I waited ______ he had finished his work.9.You will study _______ you study hard.10.______ he has time ,he will come and see us in Changchun.11.I don`t like winter there ____ it is very cold.【中考冲刺英语课题专练】(共19讲)
【第1讲:名词】
名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂 的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,follow me。
First, 名词复数的特殊变化。
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:
a.class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;
b.story, factory 等以”辅音字母+y“结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;
c.knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;
d.以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是”元音字母+o“ 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。
末尾是”辅音字母+o“的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。
e.child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men), woman(women)等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans; f.deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people,police,cattle 等
词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。
注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。
别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
a.man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers,women teachers。
b.数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk 十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
哇!这些问题好复杂,我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。
这里面内容可谓少之又少,可也不能小视呦。名词所有格:
表示”......的“通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的
名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示”分 别有“。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有
一个's,则表示”共有“。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。
好,名词部分我们已经学完,It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,Are you ready?
练习:
1.All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.A.women...girls B.women...girl
C.woman...girls D.woman...girl 2.Mr Black is a friend of _________.A.Jack's aunt's B.Jack's aunt C.Jack aunt's D.aunt's of Jack
3.This toy was made by a ____ boy.A.ten-year-old B.ten-years-old C.ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4.The farmer raised ten _________.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.cows 5.She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.A.her grandmother B.her grandmother's C.her grandmothers' D.that of her grandmother 6.We have moved into a ________.A.two-storey house B.house of two storey C.two-storeys house D.two storeys house 7.The ______ was too much for the child to carry.A.box's steel B.box of a steel C.steel box
D.box of the steel 8.We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.A.the Teacher's Day B.Teacher's Day C.a Teacher's Day D.Teachers' Day 9.Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.A.he B.him C.his D.her 10._________are big and bright.A.The classroom window
B.The window of the classroom C.The windows of the classroom D.The classroom's windows
实战:
1.Don't worry.Your son will come back in ______hour.A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.This nice blouse isn't mine.It's ______.A.you B.your C.Lucy D.yours 3.What's ” potato“ in Chinese? -It's _____.A.香蕉
B.大白菜
C.西红柿
D.土豆
4.The ninth month of a year is _______.A.December B.November C.September D.October 5.A: Must I leave now?
B: No, you _______.A.needn't B.mustnt
C.don't D.won't 6.We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.A.on B.of C.at D.to 7.Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 8.A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?
B: Yes, I ______there last winter.A.gone, went B.been, went C.gone , have been D.been, have 9.Do you ________English? A.tell
B.say C.talk D.speak 10.A: May I _______your ruler?
B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.A.lend, borrow B.lend, lend C.borrow , lend D.borrow, borrow 11.We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.A.can't rain B.won't rain C.don't rain D.doesn't rian 12.Do you know ________? A.where does he study B.he studies where C.where he studies D.he where studies 13.A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?
B: Once a month A.How often B.How long C.how much
D.how many 14.A: Would you like another cup of orange? B: ______I'm full.A.No, thanks B.Yes, please.C.Here it is.D.I don't like.15.You must be tired.Why not ________a rest? A.to stop to have B.stop having C.stop to have D.to stop having
【第2讲:代词】
我们刚刚讲完了名词,现在再来看看名词的brother-代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似,所担当的句中成分也相差不多。但也别小看代词呀!它还有很多的”小个性“呢!只要抓 住它的几个”小脾气“,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。
代词中第一个”小个性“就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清 谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别-my的后面一定要接名词,不可以单独出现,只 能做定语,如:my father;而 mine则是名词性,只能单独出现,在句中做主语和表语。如: Mine is green.It's mine.记住这两个句子,凡是名词性物主代词(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样,通过它们出现的位置不同,我们就可以把它 们区别开了。
代词的第二个”罗嗦“就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)-反身代词,也就是表示”自 己、亲自“的意思。关于反身代词,需要注意的是她不能单独做主语,但可以放在人称代词 后面,做同位语。
如:Marry herself said so.玛丽她自己这么说的。(不能说Herself said so.)下面我给你开点小灶,单独讲一讲须”特特“注意的地方。
Of+名词性物主代词:of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为:a(an, this, that)+名词
+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式,举一反三。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。
如: a friend of mine(我的一个朋友),each brother of his(他的每一个兄弟).some, any的用法:我们都知道some用于肯定句中,而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所 以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。
注意:在Would youlike some coffee?(要来点咖啡吗?)这样的肯定疑问句中,说话人
认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时,用some而不用any。
every 和each的用法:every 强调全体的概念,指三个以上的人或物(含三个),不可单 独使用;each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个),可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.(我们学校的学生都很用功。)Each student may have one book..(每
个学生都可有一本书。)
both, either, neither的用法:
both意为”两者全都“,与复数连用。either意为”两者中间的任何一个“,neither 表示 ”两者之间一个也不是“,与单数连用。如:Both of the them come from London。他们两人 都是伦敦人。You may take either with you。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neither is correct。两个都不对。
Few,a few和little,a little的用法:
Few,a few用来代替和修饰可数名词,little,a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few 和a little 着重肯定意思,相当于汉语”有几个“,”有一点儿“;few和little 着重否定意思,相当于汉语 ”没有几个“,”没有多少“
OK,代词部分我们已经学完,It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,Are you ready?
练习:
1.We had plenty of paper but______ink.A.a few B.few C.not many D.not much 2.Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned ______before.A.one B.it C.them D.that 3.We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.A.much...many B.many...much C.many...a lot D.a lot...much 4.I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason.A.every B.both C.nothing
D.everything 5.My car is not so expensive as ________.A.him B.he's C.he D.his 6.Lily and Lucy have arrived,but _______students aren't here yet.A.other B.others C.the other D.the others 7.There are high buildings on ______side of the street.A.both B.every C.any D.either 8.-What do you usually have for breakfast?
-______eggs and ______milk.A Little...a few B.A little...a little
C.A few...a little D.A few...a few 9.______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 10.Is this story the same as ______in that book? A.the one B.what C.that D.it
实战:
1.There is _________old woman in the car.A.不填
B.the C.a D.an 2.We often go to the park _______Sundays.A.on B.in
C.at D.from 3.My book ________on the desk.A.is B.am C.are D.be 4.Which language is ________, English, French or Chinese? A.difficult B.the difficult C.more difficult D.the most difficult 5.-________book is this?
-It's Kate's.A.when B.Why C.Where D.whose 6.-Can you write a letter in English?
-No, I _____.A.may not B.mustn't C.can't D.needn't 7.I ________my homework when Mike came last night.A.do B.was doing C.am doing D.have done 8.He began to ________English three years ago.A.learn B.learns C.learned D.learning 9.Jim is a driver, _______he? A.does B.doesn't C.is D.isn't 10.”What's wrong _________you?“ the doctor asked.A.from B.with C.for D.at
11.He is rich, ________he isn't happy.A.or B.so C.and D.but 12.-Where is Alice?
-She __________to the library.A.goes B.will go C.has gone D.had gone 13.”Help _________to some fish, Mary.“ My aunt said to me.A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself 14.We'll stay at home if it ________tomorrow.A.rain B.rains C.is raining
D.will rain 15.The students _________on a farm for ten days.Then they_________to a factory.Though they_______back school, they still remember those farmers and workers.A.have stayed, went , was B.had stayed, go , are C.have stayed, go, have been D.have stayed, went, were
【第3讲:形容词】
Spring is coming.The trees are green, and the flowers are beautiful.多么美的季节啊!我们要去郊游, 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀?不是放错了位置,搞错了级别,就是在使用多个形容词 作定语时排错了顺序。当然了,形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗?接着往下看。
a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作
定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所有格+数词 +性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这 样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。
There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在 something的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的,但当 形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时,形容词要后置。
形容词级别问题:
a.Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的
句子用...times +形容词比较级+than...这样的格式。你记住了吗?
b.I'm three years older than you.(我比你大三岁。)表示”大三岁,“"高二厘米”等时用“表示
数量词的词+比较级”。
c.“越来越......”用“比较级+and +比较级”来表示。如:The earth is getting warmer and warmer。(地球变得越来越暖和。)
d.“越......就越......”用“the +比较级...,the+比较级...”来表示。如: The busier he is,the happier he feels。(他越忙,越觉得高兴。)最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得 不提的:
alone 和lonely:I feel lonely, because I am alone at home.你独自一人在家用
“alone” 表示“单独的”、“独自一人的”,它表示一个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你 在家感到寂寞,用“lonely”,表示主观上感到 “孤独”“寂寞”,指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表语。older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用“older”,表示“ 年纪大的,年老的”,常用做表语;他是我的长兄用“elder”,表示“年老的,年长的”,用做定
语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。
接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,你准备好了吗?
练习:
1.Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two 2.Which is the _______country, Japan or Australia? A.more developed B.more developing C.most developed D.most developing 3.- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
- It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunny
B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last 4.The books are not ________ to be published.A.enough intersting B.interesting enough C.so interesting D.too interesting 5.What's your _______sports? A.the most favorite B.most favorite C.favorite D.the favorite 6.There's ________ with the recorder A.anything wrong B.wrong anything C.something wrong D.wrong something 7.His sister is _______than he.A.younger five years
B.five years younger C.five year younge D.five younger years 8.-We should speak English in and after class.-Yes, _____, ________.A.more , better B.the more, the bette C.much, better D.the often, the better 9.The old man lives alone, he feels ________.A.alone B.lonely C.lone D.alonely 10.I think bananas are ________of all the fruits.A.delicious B.much delicious C.more delicious D.the most delicious
实战: