(英语毕业论文)英汉道歉语对比研究

第一篇：(英语毕业论文)英汉道歉语对比研究

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英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq958035640。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。

二、原创论文参考题目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 从叙事学角度分析艾丽丝门罗的《逃离》 庞德《诗经》英译研究

西游记神话人物称谓翻译策略：归化与异化 言语行为理论视角下口语交际误解现象 The Study of Symbolism in Moby Dick 中英手机短信的修辞特点分析

从《纯真年代》中的女性角色看伊迪斯华顿的女性意识 目的论视角下英语外贸函电汉译的研究 《小镇畸人》中的空间形式分析 在文化教学中提高英语学习者的跨文化交际能力 11 从社会生物学角度分析《雾都孤儿》中人物性格 12 浅析商务英语新闻中的隐喻现象 13 《围城》英译本中文化负载词的翻译 农村初中英语口语教学现状的调查与分析——以xx中学为例 15 傲慢与偏见的电影与原著比较 16 自然与自由之子－－新女性戴茜米勒 17 论《献给爱米莉的玫瑰》的艺术创作特征 18 中英文求职信中言语行为对比分析 19 商务英语中的颜色词浅析 用陌生化理论阐述《红色手推车》的悲剧色彩 21 中美学生对待教师的礼貌言行的对比分析 22 《呼啸山庄》主人公希斯克利夫人物形象分析 The Interpretation to Captain Ahab in Moby Dick through Abnormal Psychology Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 25 国际商务合同的用词特点及翻译 An Analysis of Jude’s Pursuit of Love in Jude the Obscure 27 英汉问候语对比研究 海明威短篇小说的叙述艺术－－以《一个明亮干净的地方》为例 29 The Use of Body Language in Teaching 30 论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情和生活的态度 31 中国领导人讲话中中国特色词汇的汉英翻译

关于《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿悲剧人生的分析 33 外交辞令中模糊语言的语用分析 34 中西方文化差异对代沟的不同影响研究

Sino-US Cultural Differences——Through Comparison Between APPLE and OPPO 36 对英语影视片名翻译的研究 37 《黑暗之心》主人公马洛的性格分析 38 英语教学中的跨文化意识的培养

以名词动用为例分析英语词汇学习中的隐喻 40 原版英语电影在大学英语教学中的使用研究 41 从精神分析角度看《泄密的心》 42 中英称谓语的文化差异及其翻译 43 浅析中美商务谈判中的文化冲突 44 简爱——平凡而非凡的女人

伊丽莎白．贝内特与简．爱的婚姻观之比较 46 A Brief Discussion on the Translation of the Public Signs 47 从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》看宗教禁欲主义下的爱情 48 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 49 心灵探索之旅——析《瓦尔登湖》的主题 50 英语学习的性别差异及相应的学习策略 51 Movie and culture 52 论人性自私在《呼啸山庄》中的体现 53 跨文化交际中的文化心理准备分析

合作原则在商务谈判中的运用

从以目的为导向的翻译原则看委婉语的翻译 56 从文体风格谈培根散文《论美》的翻译 57 《善良的乡下人》的喜剧性分析

The Comparison and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms 59 Grammatical Analysis of Academic Writing 60 中西方悲剧爱情故事折射出的文化差异—《穆斯林的葬礼》与《荆棘鸟》之比较 61 中国英语与中式英语的对比研究——从英汉民族思维差异的角度 62 《爱玛》中的求爱文化

《了不起的盖茨比》中的人物分析 64 《雾都孤儿》中南希形象分析 65 《十日谈》中的乡村意象

浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》的叙事技巧 67 修辞在汽车广告英语中的应用 68 浅析《珍妮姑娘》的悲剧原因

任务型教学的真实性原则在我国现行初中英语教材中的应用体现 70 TPR教学法在中国儿童英语习得中的运用 71 从彼拉特透视托尼·莫里森的妇女主义 72 从原型批评理论角度分析威利洛曼的悲剧 73 A Brief Discussion on the Translation of Brand Names 74 詹姆士费库伯《最后的莫希干人》中的殖民主义 75 中英道歉语的比较分析 76 中西俚语中动物意象的对比分析

A Comparison of Western and Eastern Privacy Concepts 78 从英语中性别歧视词看西方女性社会地位之变化 79 浅析眼神交流在非语言交际中的作用 80 浅析马拉默德小说《店员》中的“犹太性” 81 论《哈姆雷特》和《麦克白》中的超自然因素

功能对等理论指导下的产品说明书的翻译——基于iPhone使用指南案例研究 83 翻译美学理论下的唐诗英译意境美研究

现代叙事艺术与海明威的《永别了武器》 85 On Alice Walker’s Womanism in The Color Purple 86 The Analysis of Promotion Strategy of L’Oréal in China 87 男女生英语学习差异比较研究 88 关于中美大学生消费观异同的文化分析 89 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 90 任务型英语教学的理论与实践探讨 91 从影视剧看英语俚语使用的性别差异

A Psychological Analysis on Self-identity Loss of Black People in The Bluest Eye 93 浅析托尔金在《魔戒》中的创作特色 94 约翰斯坦贝克女性观流变初探 95 《雾都孤儿》中南希的人物性格分析

《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝和《红字》海斯特的悲剧命运的比较 97 国际商务谈判中的非语言交际

影响高中学生英语学习兴趣因素的调查及分析—以x市高中学生为调查对象 99 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》中印象主义创作手法探讨 100 试析文化语境对大学英语阅读的影响

金融危机对中美人民经济生活造成不同影响的文化根源 102 浅析虚词在英语写作中的重要性 103 浅析狄更斯小说中匹克威克的性格特点 104 A Study of Intertextuality in Advertising Text 105 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森

扬马特尔《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》中的空间叙事与空间形式 107 英汉工具类名转动词实时构建的整合分析－－基于网络论坛语料 108 从功能对等理论看政治文献中中国特色词汇翻译 109 《莫比.迪克》中的象征意义

解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪的悲剧命运 111 《百万美元宝贝》中麦琪性格男性化形成原因分析 112 关于初中生外语学习焦虑的分析

“邪恶的心灵”——剖析希斯克厉夫复仇的心理动机

宗教枷锁下的人性挣扎——《红字》中丁梅斯代尔形象解读 115 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 116 双语对认知发展的影响 117 中英隐私禁忌语对比分析

影响大学生英语自主学习的因素研究 119 星巴克在中国取得的成功及启示 120 从生态视角解读《瓦尔登湖》 121 大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究

The Comparison of the Children’s Characters in Dickens’ Three Novels 123 浅析电影《勇敢的心》中的英雄主义 124 高中英语写作作业的反馈及实施效果 125 应酬语的中英文比较 126 广告英语的修辞特点

A Study of Pragmatic Failure in Politeness between Chinese and English 128 小学英语课堂互动式教学研究

从《紫色》中的意象看黑人女性身份的自我重塑 130 汉语政治话语中的隐喻研究

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 132 广告英语标题翻译的修辞特点 133 交际法在中学英语词汇教学的应用

以《刮痧》和《功夫熊猫》为例分析中美文化从冲突到融合的过渡 135 广告语篇的语用分析

中式菜肴名称的语言特点及其英译 137 管窥世纪年代以前的朴素社会语言学思想 138 从麦田里的守望者到中国的青少年

A Probe into the Spiritual Worlds of The Old Man and the Sea 140 分析广告英语中的修辞手段

透过好莱坞校园电影解析美国青少年的特点 142 论《了不起的盖茨比》中爵士乐时代的新潮女郎 143 浅析《宠儿》中塞丝背上的树的形象

《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 145 企业英文简介中的概念语法隐喻分析 146 对大学课程中“旅游英语”的教材分析 147 中小学英语词汇教学法探讨 148 论奥巴马就职演讲词的排比修辞 149 埃德加爱伦坡作品中的哥特风格分析

从萨特存在主义的视角解读约翰•福尔斯《法国中尉的女人》 151 从合作原则看卡尔登的性格特点

152 国产电影字幕归化与异化研究－－以《集结号》为个案研究 153 从《肖申克的救赎》看体制化对个人的影响 154 关联理论视角下的英语新闻标题研究

155 从福柯的后人道主义视角看赫尔米娜之死——解读赫尔曼黑塞作品《荒原狼》 156 从奈达的功能对等理论看《老友记》字幕中的幽默翻译 157 迷惘一代的英雄：厄内斯特海明威与弗雷德里克亨利 158 英汉“悲”、“喜”情感隐喻的认知比较研究 159 试论英汉日常礼貌表达的异同 160 概念整合理论对幽默的阐释力

161 从合作原则的违反谈黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的实现 162 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 163 斯嘉丽的新女性形象探析

164 传播学视角下的影视字幕翻译研究—以美剧《复仇》为例 165 中外服装品牌英文标签语言的跨文化研究 166 威廉·福克纳作品中的不称职母亲 167 从生态女性主义角度看《德伯家的苔丝》 168 广告翻译策略初探

169 农村学生英语学习情感障碍分析 170 论劳伦斯《儿子与情人》中的“爱” 171 分析奥利弗退斯特悲剧生活的原因 172 礼貌原则在商务谈判中的应用 173 哈克贝利费恩人物性格分析

174 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象 175 英汉化妆品说明书对比及汉译策略 176 中西方“云”文化的对比研究及其翻译

177 爱与正义：《杀死一只知更鸟》主人公阿提克斯芬奇形象解读 178 浅析中美商务谈判中的文化冲突 179 英语习语汉译的策略探讨 180 《女勇士》中的华裔女性形象浅析 181

182 用本我，自我，超我的弗洛伊德理论来解析《红字》 183 从电影《乱世佳人》看美国女性价值观

184 The Application of Situational Approach in Middle School English Teaching 185 政治演讲辞中常用修辞

186 浅析初中英语语音教学中存在的问题及对策

187 Human Nature and Redemption——Thoughts on Reading The Kite Runner 188 车贴中的语言污染现象研究

189 命运与社会的牺牲品—苔丝的悲剧根源探析

190 Confucianism’s Influence on Transcendentalism:Reflection on Emerson’s and Thoreau’s Philosophy 191 从《七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的罪恶观 192 从功能主义理论看莫言《酒国》中脏话的翻译 193 文化视角下的英汉习语对译（开题报告+论文+）

194 The Interpretation to Captain Ahab in Moby Dick through Abnormal Psychology 195 Coincidences and Images in The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles 196 国际贸易中商务英语的翻译策略 197 可口可乐产品推销中的中国元素分析 198 斯托夫人《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的宗教影响 199 An Ecocritical Analysis on Lady Chatterley’s Lover 200 《小王子》中的象征意蕴的分析

第二篇：(英语毕业论文)英汉礼貌用语的对比研究

最新专业原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 A Study on Differences of Family Education between China and America－－A Case Study of The Joy Luck Club 2 论简奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识和婚姻观 3 对林语堂的《吾国与吾民》几种中译本比较研究 4 生态哲人约翰斯坦贝克 从家庭伦理关系视角解读《儿子与情人》的女性主义 6 论报刊语言翻译中的译者主体性 凯特肖邦作品中女性自我意识觉醒的主题研究 8 商务英语信函中的礼貌原则 9 《紫色》中“家”的解读 从电影《七宗罪》看‘七宗罪’与基督教传统的关系 11 基于微博（推特）文化的新型营销模式 Bertha Is Jane:A Psychological Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre 13 爵士时代下的狂欢化精神——解析豪华宴会在《了不起的盖茨比》中的写作手法以及作用 外来词的翻译方法初探 中文古诗词叠词的研究与翻译 文类、历史与受众心态——论小说《红字》的电影改编 17 电影名称的翻译特点 浅析中美商务谈判中的文化冲突 19 中西方鬼怪比较研究 汉英“眼”概念隐喻的对比研究 从僵尸和吸血鬼比较中西方文化的异同 22 法律英语翻译中的动态对等理论分析 23 浅论《汤姆琼斯》的现实主义特征 从《法国中尉的女人》看约翰福尔斯的女性主义思想及其局限性 25 从功能对等理论谈中国小吃名英译 简奥斯丁的女权主义在《理智与情感》中的体现 海明威短篇小说的叙述艺术－－以《一个明亮干净的地方》为例 28 从叔本华的哲学思想角度简析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧 29 中英文颜色词的非对应翻译 英语抽象名词和物质名词的数概念分析 31 《雾都孤儿》中的批判现实主义

女性主义解读《傲慢与偏见》中的柯林斯 33 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 34 论高中英语文化教学 35 论翻译的艺术

英汉职业委婉语中“礼貌原则”之对比分析 37 《王尔德童话故事》的翻译美学探析

《了不起的盖茨比》和《太阳照常升起》中时髦女郎的对比 39 Elements on the Growth of Mary in The Secret Garden 40 不做房间里的天使——解读《爱玛》中的女性主体意识 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 纳博科夫小说《洛丽塔》的爱情讽刺 浅析英语习语的翻译原则和方法 英语阅读有效教学活动设计研究 浅谈中学英语教学中的情感教学方法 商务英语的语用特点及翻译

从成长小说角度比较研究《哈克贝利费恩历险记》和《麦田里的守望者》 《三国演义》中带数字的词语翻译研究 中国和英国传统婚俗差异研究 美国宪法形成的历史和原因之研究

The Influence of The New Policy of Export Tax Rebates 论《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》中昌盖茨“美国梦”的转变 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森

浅谈礼仪在商务谈判中的重要性及其相关策略 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森

浅析菲尔丁《弃儿汤姆琼斯史》中的世俗女性形象 《嘉莉妹妹》时代背景下女性的地位

论女性的牺牲——对《儿子与情人》中女性形象的分析 从文化的角度看英语电影片名的翻译

非传统式英雄——从女性主义批评角度看《名利场》 论约翰多恩诗歌中的张力

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中圣克莱尔一家的人物分析 社会语言学视角下女性语言的特点

从爱情观的转变谈《飘》中斯嘉丽的成长历程 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 西方电影片名翻译的功能目的论分析

The Features of Classic-literature-based Movies Showed in Pride and Prejudice 黑人社区的替罪羊－－ 论托尼莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人小女孩佩科拉 海明威小说硬汉形象的悲剧色彩

从跨文化的角度研究故事影片名字的英汉翻译 英汉“悲伤”情感隐喻认知对比分析

从奈达功能对等理论谈李继宏译《追风筝的人》 分析托马斯哈代对西奥多德莱塞的文学影响 试析英语广告中双关语的翻译

浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 少儿英语学习中的情感因素分析 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森

麦克莫波格《柑橘与柠檬啊》的叙事艺术 从诗歌分析威廉.华兹华斯的人生观和自然观 从女性主义角度看斯嘉丽与命运的抗争 论《呼啸山庄》中的象征主义运用 论《织工马南》中的象征意义 论杰伊盖茨比之“了不起”

艾米莉狄金森雏菊诗中的死亡观 85 浅谈提高高中生英语写作能力的途径 86 浅谈公示语的翻译

从多视角比较《论读书》的两个译本 88 模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究 89 英语电影片名翻译微探

Situational Approach to Grammar Teaching in Senior High English Classes 91 用合作原则和礼貌原则分析网络聊天室会话的含义 92 量词“片”与“piece”的语法化对比研究 93 从《草原日出》看多丽丝莱辛的成长观 94 苔丝悲剧原因探究 95

科技英语中名物化的功能

女性意识的觉醒——评《雨中的猫》中的人物对比描写 98 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读

从关联理论看电视剧《神探夏洛克》中的英式幽默的翻译 100 浅议我国民营企业薪酬管理

写作中学生语言的石化现象分析

弗吉尼亚伍尔夫《到灯塔去》中艺术家莉丽的女性意识 103 《哈利波特》中的励志精神

Difference between Chinese Buddhism and American Christianity 105 爱与孤独的互生——舍伍德安德森《曾经沧海》与戴维劳伦斯《马贩子的女儿》对比研究

从《又见棕榈，又见棕榈》中看旅美华人的美国梦 107

礼貌原则与中西文化的差异

《推销员之死》中男主人公悲剧命运分析 110 《红楼梦》中文化内容的翻译研究

On the Translating Strategies of Children’s Literature Seen from the Translation of E.B.White’s Charlotte’s Web

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 113 On Cultural Default and Translation Compensation 114 文化视角下的英汉委婉语翻译探讨 115 动物成语的英译

论叶芝诗歌中的女性面具

论广告定位中的文化冲突及对策 118 论《爱玛》中简奥斯丁的女性主义观 119 自我效能感对大学生英语学习的影响 120 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 121 德伯家的苔丝中苔丝的悲剧成因分析 122 莎士比亚的悲剧对当代女性的影响 123 论商务谈判中的文化因素

文化价值观视野中的中美家庭教育比较研究 125 论《红楼梦》英译本中“红”字的翻译 126 《我弥留之际》中的荒诞性元素 127 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 128 朗读在中学英语教学中的作用 129 英语体育新闻的翻译

谭恩美《喜福会》中的母女关系研究

“美国梦”的再探讨—以《推销员之死》为例

任务型教学理念下的教材分析 －－ 以《牛津高中英语》为例 133 浅析《小王子》的象征与哲学

When Chinese Tradition Meets Western Culture: Comparison between Qi Xi and Valentine’s Day 135 中美肢体语言的差异

“A Rose for Emily” 中 “Rose” 寓意的新解 137 《看不见的人》主题分析

任务型教学法在高中英语阅读教学中的应用 139 论英语教学中的非智力因素

动物词在中英文化中的喻义及其翻译 141 从意象理解艾米莉狄金森其人其诗

种族沟通的桥梁——对《宠儿》中两个丹芙的人物分析 143 浅析《睡谷传奇》中的浪漫主义

The Positive Impact of English Movies on Oral English 145 浅论广告语汉译的美学效果 146 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述 147 论网络英语广告的语言特征

浅谈中学英语教学中交际任务型教学活动的设计 149 《威尼斯商人》的新历史主义解读

A Research on the Symbolic Meanings of“Ghost”in Anil’s Ghost

151 宗教禁欲下的爱情-论霍桑的宗教观与道德观在《红字》中的体现 152 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 153 顺句驱动原则下英汉同声传译中英语非动词转换为汉语动词的研究 154 小说的织体－－论《了不起的盖茨比》的叙事线索和叙事艺术 155 英汉语广告的词汇比较研究 156 莎士比亚悲剧中的人文思想 157 “红”、“黄”汉英联想意义对比研究

158 Psychological Analysis of Stuttering in The King’s Speech 159 浅析英语新闻标题的翻译

160 男女二元等级对立的颠覆－－《奥兰多》之女性主义解读 161 解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪的悲剧命运 162 从存在主义视角研究J.D.塞林格《泰迪》 163 大学英语电影教学现状及对策分析

164 商务信函中委婉语的语用功能分析—基于xx公司商务往来信函

165 中西方爱情悲剧故事的比较分析——以“梁祝”和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》为例 166 中西广告语言中的文化差异

167 经济学视野下的《鲁滨逊漂流记》 168 口译者听力环境的适应研究

169 William Wordsworth’s Romantic Nature in Daffodils 170 中式英语与标准英语的差别 171 形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略

172 现代美式英语和英式英语的比较研究

173 王尔德唯美主义对现代消费文化的启示－－以《道林格雷的画像》为例 174 概念整合对英语移就的认知解读

175 从《一个干净明亮的地方》看极简主义在短篇小说中的应用 176 基于网络的英语听力学习的优势与局限研究 177 英语思维模式及其对英译汉的影响

178 全身反应法在少儿英语教学中的应用——以杭州英之辅EF语言培训为例 179 中美大学毕业典礼演讲之叙事结构的比较研究 180 从《马丁伊登》分析杰克伦敦的“超人”思想 181 《水浒传》两个英译本中称谓语的翻译对比研究

182 Cultural Approaches to the C-E Translation of Chinese Brand Names 183 显现的被动隐现的自我——《看不见的人》中被动语态的身份建构功能研究 184 托马斯哈代与张爱玲作品中女性悲剧命运对比研究——以苔丝和顾曼桢为例 185 分析《绯闻女孩》中的美国社会文化特征 186 论埃德加爱伦坡短篇小说的创作风格 187 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 188 解读《爱玛》中的女性主体意识

189 场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究

190 A Comparative Study on Two Chinese Versions of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to The West Wind 191 旅游景点标志翻译初探

192 论《太阳照常升起》中的象征主义

193 《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿考尔菲德精神世界的分析

194 On the Female Influences on Pip’s Character in Great Expectations

195 Translation of Gududeqiu from the Perspective of Qian Zhongshu’s Realm of Sublimation 196 从功能对等理论看《好汉两个半》的幽默字幕翻译 197 从跨文化交际的角度看广告翻译 198 中美学校教育和家庭教育之比较 199 《白鲸》原型批判的分析 200 浅析《红字》中的森林意象

第三篇：应酬语的英汉对比研究

应酬语的英汉对比研究来源：英语毕业论文 http:///

凡为学术发展作出贡献的人,人们会记住他们并感谢他们的’据粗略统计,从年到年国内共发表英汉对比研究论文约篇,专著和论文集部。从数量上看不算太少,而且有逐渐增加的趋势,这是可喜的。

从研究的范围来看,微观和宏观的都有。为了进一步深化英汉对比研究,我认为有必要对当前国际上语言学理论和方法的现状与动向作些探讨,根据国内学界的现实进一步发展英汉对比研究。

本世纪下半叶,语言学领域中传统语言学、历史比较语言学和结构主义语言学依然并存此外,还出现了一些新的流派和学说,如生成语法、蒙塔古语法、系统功能语法、认知语言学等等。

但总的说来,当前国际语言学界主要有两大潮流,一是形式主义,一是功能主义。

形式主义可以以美国·的生成语法为代表,功能主义可以以英国的···一的系统功能语法为代表。

形式主义者注重语言的心理方面,采用假设和演绎法,并用数学和逻辑的手段描写和解释语言结构,强调语言的共性。功能主义者继承了布拉格学派和伦敦学派的传统,注重语言的社会方面,采用归纳的方法,重视语境、语用和功能的因素,侧重语言结构变异的描写和解释。

从目前发展的趋势来看功能主义者结合语用、篇章结构和认知进行研究,受到了人们的重视,也比较容易接受。这一情况在我国语言学界也是如此。

英汉对比研究自然也应该在上述语言学理论背景的基础上进行。不同的学者可以有不同的选择从我国的现状来看,很少有人采用形式主义的理论和方法。这跟研究者对这一理论不熟悉有关,并不说明形式主义不能用于对比研究。多数人走功能主义的道路,然而对现代功能主义的发展了解不多,给人的印象是理论基础薄弱,甚至有些混乱,例如对结构系统和层次观念不明确。

这尤其反映在术语使用上的混乱,如主语、主题和主位的使用不当,缺乏语义系统的观念,等等。

这就削弱了对比研究的系统性和科学性。此外,对某一专题的系列研究不多,往往浅尝辄止,十分可惜。

这跟对比研究的艰巨性有关。对比研究除了应该对对比双方的语言有科学的认识。还应该有语言学的基础知识,还要对操这两升语言的民族的历史、地理、文化、习俗等方面有一定的了解。这样才有可能进行微观或宏观的对比研究,对其共性和变异作出描写和解释。根据现代语言学的最新发展,我打算今后采用功能主义结合语用和认知进行英汉对比研究具体做法是先建立普遍的概念范畴,选择其中某一个或几个常用的范畴,看看英语是如何表达的以及汉语是如何表达的,即作结构和语用的描写和解释,在这基础上解释二者的异同。

在《中国文法要略》中的“表达论”部分就是从范祷出发的,可以说是“从里到外”的做法。这一工作我刚开始,只想试一试,还不知道走不走得通。目前大多数人的做法是“从外到

里”。这两条路不妨都试试看在共性和变异方面,我倾向于从共性出发,利用“原则一参数”一的方法,考察变异的制约条件。所以“参数设定”是一项重要的研究工作,它可使英汉对比研究跟语言普遍现象。的研究接轨。

总之,对比研究中常见的“原子主义”即就个别现象,脱离系统的作法应该改变。加强理论意识,在现代语言学发展的基础上探素新的路子,这才可能使对比研究走上新的台阶。

第四篇：(英语毕业论文)英汉颜色词“紫色”的对比研究

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 隐转喻名名复合词的语义分析 On Contradiction Between Comprehension and Expression in Translation 3 西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神的比较研究—以《亚瑟王之死》和《水浒传》为例 4 中英基本颜色词比较和翻译 《道连葛雷的画像》叙事艺术的分析 高中英语新课标在xx中实施情况调查与分析 7 论《爱玛》中女性的婚姻观 在归隐中相遇—论梭罗与陶渊明的诗意人生 9 论中英情感隐喻的异同点 浅析艾米丽.迪金森诗歌的主题思想 《乱世佳人》女主人公斯嘉丽的性格分析 12 论《红字》中海斯特的女性主义 十九世纪英国唯美主义的生成语境与基本特征 Unavoidable Tragedy – A Case Study of Tess of the d’Urbervilles 15 浅议中西跨文化交际中的禁忌语 16 《威尼斯商人》中的种族及宗教冲突 17 逆成构词的分类及其认知机制和规律 18 中西方节日文化差异研究 论文学翻译中“原作之隐形”存在的必然性 20 试析诗歌翻译中文化意象的处理 浅析《野性的呼唤》中的“野性”与“人性” 22 通过苔丝透析托马斯哈代的现代女性意识 23 英文商标名翻译的原则与策略 24 中餐菜单英译的归化与异化 What to Love and Hate －－－－on “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” 26 浅析《老人与海》中的悲剧色彩 The Elementary Stage Translation Teaching Design for Undergraduate English Majors 28 Awakening of the Black Women’s Self-consciousness—A Study of Four Major Female Images in Beloved 29 Gender Difference in Daily English Conversation 30 救赎之旅—浅析《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿.考菲尔德的成长经历 31 论口译中的跨文化意识

《一位女士的画像》伊莎贝尔婚姻悲剧的原因分析 33 从翻译角度浅析英语写作中的中式英语问题 34 中国奢侈品的营销之道

英语新闻标题的特点及其翻译方法的探讨 36 对《老人与海》中突显的生态意识的探讨 37 古诗词英译关于夸张的翻译策略研究 38 《喜福会》的女权主义解读

Feminine Consciousness in Wives and Daughters and North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell 40 浅析英文商标翻译中的问题及对策

On the Female Initiation Theme in Little Women 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

从花语的不同含义浅析中西方文化差异 世界经济危机影响下东莞企业的现状

罗伯特.弗罗斯特田园诗歌意象的象征意义 以《新时代汉英大辞典》为例析中文谚语英译 英语习语的认知分析

西丽自我身份的寻求——《紫色》的女性主义解读 跨文化交际中的社交语用失误及其对英语教学的启示 论《宠儿》中的美国黑人女性的悲剧成长

Self-Discovery:An Analysis of Celie in The Color Purple 国际商务合同的英语语言特点及其翻译探析 目的论在广告翻译实践中的应用 论疯女人形象对小说简爱所作贡献 英汉爱情隐喻比较研究

《远大前程》中皮普成长的心路历程

从关联理论角度看英语广告中修辞手法的翻译 跨文化交际中的语用失误及其对策

An Analysis of American Dream－－A Case Study of The Great Gatsby 美国俚语的文化及特征

无法挽回的毁灭－－欢乐之家女主角莉莉的悲剧 论《野性的呼唤》的多重主题

归化和异化策略在《红楼梦》文化负载词翻译中的应用 爱与正义：《杀死一只知更鸟》主人公阿提克斯.芬奇形象解读 英语习语的文化内涵

探析《愤怒的葡萄》中人性的力量

从灵床到坟墓：浅谈中西丧葬风俗之异同 汤姆叔叔的小屋中汤姆形象分析 英式英语和美式英语中的词汇差异 中美企业文化的对比

A Brief Discussion on the Translation of Brand Names 从大学校训看中西方大学文化差异 从《海狼》看杰克.伦敦的女性观

从动态对等角度分析中国旅游景点名称英译——以中国庐山网为例 从《在路上》分析“垮掉的一代”的文化内涵 On the Absurdity in Waiting for Godot 《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿.考尔菲德精神世界的分析 语用合作原则及礼貌原则在商业广告中的有效运用 高中英语听力课中的文化教学

The Study of Chinese Body Language 英语谚语的民族性及其艺术特色

跨文化交际中社交语用失误及应对策略 中英身势语中的文化差异

基于语义场理论的高中英语词汇教学策略 对鲁滨逊性格特征的分析

跨文化沟通：管理跨国员工队伍的战略途径 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

论谭恩美《喜福会》中文化身份迷失与探寻 87 从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变 88 《红字》中海斯特性格分析

Psychoanalytical Study of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening 90 词汇教学中词汇的深层认知处理研究 91 浅析翻译中的文化缺省及其补偿策略 92 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争

任务型教学法在高中英语阅读中的使用初探 94 接受美学视角下的英汉音译研究 95 中英文颜色词的文化内涵及翻译

A Probe into Assisting Functions and Limitations of Machine Translation of Journalistic Texts 97 互动在高中英语阅读课的应用

清代以来中西文化交流对中国婚俗的影响 99 论《喜福会》中母女关系背后的文化冲突 100 跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 101

An Analysis of Gothic Atmosphere in The Shining 103 《小妇人》中的性别语言差异分析

An Analysis on Shear's Personality in The Bridge on the River Kwai 105 从跨文化交际看中西方时间观差异 106 浅析中学生英语学习中的情感因数

An Insight into Cause for Feminine Tragedy－－A Case Study of A Rose for Emily 108 浅析《老人与海》中桑提亚哥的性格

跨文化视角下研究英汉民俗词语的不等值翻译 110 从顺应理论的角度对广告翻译的分析 111 圣经的女性意识

浅析张培基的散文翻译风格

论关联理论在商业广告翻译中的运用 114 浅析《天路历程》中基督徒的成长历程 115 从翻译等值理论看文化词的翻译 116 肢体语言在商务谈判中的应用分析

从生态女性主义视角解读《野草在歌唱》中的女性角色 118 爱伦.坡的《乌鸦》中的浪漫主义分析 119 广播新闻英语的词汇特点

小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的人物性格分析 121 浅谈商务英语广告的翻译

从新闻用语特点对比中西方文化差异

A Research on University Students’ L Learning Motivation 124 基本数字词在中西文化中的差异与翻译 125 论《呼啸山庄》中的意象

论《永别了，武器》中战争对人物的影响

On Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition 128 “上”和“下”的意象图式及概念映射 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

中英现代命名方式中文化差异的对比研究

完美管家还是他者—浅析《长日留痕》中的管家形象（开题报告+论）131 An Analysis of Conversational Implicature In Pride and Prejudice 132 从成长小说角度解读《马丁.伊登》 133 从中西文化差异的角度浅析商宴之道 134 《推销员之死》中的家庭问题研究

On the Aesthetic Connotation of the Death in For Whom the Bell Tolls by Hemingway 136 网络英语的缩略词的构成特征及其应用研究 137 试探吸血鬼文化的起源 138 论英语广告中隐喻的翻译

《当幸福来敲门》之美国文化价值观分析 140 The Blindness in King Lear 141 Women and Art: A Historical Review of Women’s Role in Western Art 142 《福尔摩斯历险》所折射的英国侦探小说的要素 143 The Impact of Emotional Factors on English Learning 144 An Analysis of Tragic Consciousness in A Farewell to Arms 145 从童话看中西方儿童教育的差异

从《寻找格林先生》看索尔.贝娄对生命意义的探寻 147 政治演说中名词性隐喻的认知研究 148 语言经济学视角下的商务英语信函写作 149 家庭生活中的瑞普.凡.温克尔

The Name Translation in A Dream of Red Mansions 151 言语幽默产生的语音机制

152 从产品说明书的英译错误分析探讨其翻译策略 153 《苔丝》中的女性与自然

154 商务英语评论中的态度意义分析

155 An Analysis of Ecological Ideas in Walden 156 分析《呼啸山庄》的哥特式特征 157 从作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特看《简·爱》 158 汽车商标词的翻译特征和方法 159 《还乡》中哈代的自然观 160 浅析美国慈善捐赠的文化动因

161 Cultural Connotation of English Proverbs and the Translation Strategies 162 至美的追求—美学视角下泰戈尔的《吉檀迦利》

163 高中英语听、说、读教学活动中写作融入模式的初探

164 王尔德唯美主义对现代消费文化的启示－－以《道林格雷的画像》为例 165 《德伯家的苔丝》中的宿命论 166 探究《紫色》中的妇女主义者形象

167 Analysis on Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter 168 翻译美学理论下的唐诗英译意境美研究 169 小学英语课堂中教学反馈的调查与反思 170 中西社交礼仪的比较与融合

171 An Analysis on the Differences of Dietetic Culture between the East and the West from English Translation of Chinese Menu 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

172 从《劝导》主人公形象看奥斯丁创作思想新特点 173 新闻英语的特征及其翻译

174 A Study on the Effective Ways to Improve Memory Efficiency in Consecutive Interpreting 175 探讨法国葡萄酒营销与中国白酒营销中的民族特色 176 浅析《宠儿》中人物塞丝的畸形母爱产生的根源 177 英语中法语借词刍议

178 女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》

179 浅析英语粘着词素及其在词汇教学中的实用价值 180 如何设计中学英语课堂中的提问

181 合作原则在电影《暮光之城》人物心理分析中的应用 182 生存危机和渴求改变——黑色幽默小说的主体研究

183 论《哈克贝里芬历险记》中的口语化语言、幽默讽刺和地方色彩 184 归化和异化翻译策略的研究

185 从语用等效角度透析旅游景点名称英译

186 唯美主义与心理失衡的关系——以《道连葛雷的画像》中人物分析为例 187 英语会话中间接拒绝语的语用研究 188 英汉称谓语对比研究

189 The Westernization of Chinese Wedding 190 Discussing the history of basketball and current situation of America from the perspective of culture 191 论中西婚姻观的差异

192 中西方传统女权主义思想异同比较——王熙凤与简爱之人物性格对比分析 193 中学英语阅读教学存在的问题及解决方案

194 充满爱与美的唯美世界——王尔德童话中的唯美主张研究 195 试论合作学习在初中英语教学中的应用

196 从杨必翻译的《名利场》看文学翻译中的归化与异化 197 浅析《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》中渐渐消失的玫瑰 198 解读《拉帕希尼的女儿》中的父爱

199 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同

200 The Oral Error Correction Function of Communicative Approach Used in Junior High School English Class

第五篇：毕业论文：英汉动物谚语的对比研究

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 1

A Comparative Study of English and

Chinese Animal

Proverbs I.Introduction In Longman Modern English Dictionary, proverb is “a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.” A proverb, which succinctly sums up human experience and observation of the world, states a general truth and gives advice or warning.A proverb, often involving a bold image, musical rhythm and compressed form, can bring vividness to the readers and so they are easy to remember and spread.Proverbs are summing up of folk wisdom, they are usually pithy, and have universal appeals.People love to pick up proverbs when they try to reason things out and the proper use of proverbs can make their views more convincing.Proverbs are the crystal of the national wisdom.They are an important part of a national language and they appropriately reflect the relation between culture and language.They have been connected closely with the national characteristics ever since their coming into being and in their development.It is generally acknowledged that different peoples have great differences in their cultures.But since different peoples live on the same earth with roughly similar needs and some of them have even experienced similar social development stage, their experiences, emotional reflection and observation of the world are in many aspects similar.This shows that different peoples may have cultural generality besides cultural difference.Proverbs, as the cream of a language, inevitably carry the imprint of cultural difference and generality.The difference and generality respectively lead to the dissimilarities and similarities between English and Chinese animal proverbs and making a comparative study of them is of great significance.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 2

II.Animals Proverbs with Identical Meanings Some animal proverbs in English and Chinese are identical in meaning.The proverbs in this category are limited in number.They are the result of either coincidence or translation loans from one language to another.These proverbs are not hindered by national boundaries or culture barriers, instead they have take on universal significance.The following are some examples.1.English: An ass is known by his ears./ Chinese: 见耳识驴，听话知愚。2.English: It is a sad house where the hen crows louder than the cock.Chinese: 牝鸡司晨，家之不详。

Many factors have contributed to the emergence of fully corresponding pairs in English and Chinese proverbs.Firstly, although different nations live in varied natural environments and diversified geographic conditions, they still share quite a lot in common.They have more or less the same species of animals.And the common ground of human cultures is larger than the individual feature of each culture.Although, people’s concrete ways of life are varied in different places, the fundamental ways of living and thinking are the same for the whole human race.Secondly, owing to culture exchange, translation loans are borrowed from each other, which are not limited to the root ideas but sometimes include the “clothing of the idea”.As a result, some proverbs with identical animal image come into existence in different language, for instance, “He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount” and “骑虎难下”.III.Animal Images with Different Meanings in Proverbs

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 3

Some English and Chinese proverbs share the same images, and people take it for granted that they should have the same connotation, but actually, they contain different or even opposite meanings.For example, “It is a good horse that never stumbles.” and “好马不失蹄”.In this example, the English proverb “It’s a good horse that never stumbles”, is easy to be translated into Chinese “好马不失蹄”.In fact, the English proverb means even a good horse will stumble, so the right translation should be “好马也有失蹄时”.In the following part, the reasons for misunderstandings and the different choice of animal images will be clarified.A.Reasons for misunderstandings

Firstly, sometimes, the old use of grammar remains in the proverbs, and it may mislead our comprehension.The preservation of the old grammatical structure “it’s...that...” is similar to the modern structure in form, but opposite in meaning.The misunderstanding of the English proverb “It’s a good horse that never stumbles” as Chinese proverb “好马不失蹄” is due to this old grammatical structure.Secondly, when people hold different views and attitudes to animals, and their different worldviews toward the same situations, the same animal images may have different or even opposite meanings in different culture, and proverbs containing the same animal images will possibly have different meanings.The seemingly corresponding English and Chinese proverbs may have different connotations.For example: “Dog eats dog” and “狗咬狗”.“Dog eats dog” is always regarded as “狗咬狗”.But actually “Dog eats dog” refers to the phenomenon that people hurt those of the same group, while “狗咬狗” means bad people fight with bad people, so the two proverbs mean differently.B.Factors influencing the choice of animal images in proverbs

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 4

The languages have some universality, but more importantly, they have their own culturally specific features.The culturally specific features are closely related to their religion, special geography, literature and psychology.1.Different religious beliefs Different nations usually believe in different religion.Thus proverbs of diverse nations surely express various religious beliefs.In the west, Britain and America are Christian countries with a long history.And Christian as the main belief of them has already taken roots in their lives for ages.Christians believe in the God.The God is the unique and supreme god, while people are born with a sin, and are the same and equal in the face of the God, so the common people respect and worship the God, but disregard the majesty.“A cat may look at a king” reflects this kind of thought.Furthermore, there are some animals endowed with different religious meanings.In Christianity the serpent is the symbol of devil and Satan, while the lamb is the symbol of the God’s people and timidity, and the dragon is the symbol of evil and danger.Serpent enticed Eve to steal fruit of Tree of conscience and she then shared with Adam.In the end they two were kicked out of the Garden of Eden.So in English proverbs, snake has a meaning of cunning.In China, Buddhism has been spread over one thousand years, and the Buddhist culture has been melt into the daily life of the Chinese for a long time.As a result, it is very common that quite a number of Chinese believe in Buddhism.Some Chinese proverbs are about Buddhism.There are proverbs about the strict social classes and roles.Here are some examples.狗肉烧酒穿肠过，佛在心中留。(Buddha in heart, wine and meat will pass through intestines.)狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心。(Don’t snap and snarl at me when I’m trying to do my best for you.)

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 5

2.Different geographic conditions Geographically England is located in the Western Hemisphere, while China lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, thus England and China have different climate.They form different living styles.England is an island country, so most Englishman make livings by fishery or navigation.Chinese formed their living style----farming and stock rising.Therefore, there are a great many different proverbs.Firstly, there are some animal proverbs about the special climate in England.If the cock crows on going to bed, he’s sure to rise with a watery head.(公鸡傍晚叫，早晨有雨到。)March comes in with adder heads, and goes out with peacock tails.(三月来如猛狮，去如羔羊。)Furthermore, fishery and navigation are of great importance to English people and it is no wonder that plenty of English proverbs are on fishery or navigation, and a lot on fishes.But in China, the fish does not carry so many national meanings.The following are some English fish proverbs.All is fish that comes to his net.(进网都是鱼。)Fish begins to stink at the head.(鱼烂头先臭。)3.Different literary backgrounds Different nations have different literature, which makes up particular cultural backgrounds of proverbs.On the basis of this, a great many proverbs are often simple in structure but deep in meaning.In order to grasp and translate their deep meanings accurately, we must be clear about the literature.In Chinese there are a lot of animal proverbs originated from various classical works, such as: 二者不可兼得，舍鱼而取熊掌.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 6

On the other hand, English proverbs also take in the quintessence of many literal works and are in fact the well-known remarks of some famous writers, such as some proverbs of Shakespeare: All cats love fish but fear to wet their paws.(欲吃龙肉，又怕下海。)Patience perforce is medicine for a mad dog.(不得已的忍耐是疯狗的药方。)In brief, both China and English have their diverse and colorful literature, which is vividly reflected in their proverbs and as well have constituted the historical and cultural backgrounds of their proverbs.Thus whenever we translate proverbs, it is helpful for us to look into histories and origins of the proverbs and make proper judgments according to the backgrounds.4.Different psychologies Although mankind shares many life experiences and thoughts, and different cultures occasionally have some cultural overlaps, yet on the whole different cultures have different psychology, and people of different cultures hold different attitudes to the same animals.Here we will take animals for examples to explain the different psychology in proverbs of different nations.With the development of human society, many animals play an important role in human life and some of them have become a particular kind of symbolism in people’s mind, and animals in various countries symbolize diverse meaning.The connotations of animals in proverbs of one language do not coincide with those in other languages.The different connotative meanings which the animal words carry in different countries are called cultural implication of the word by the famous Chinese professor Wang Dechun, a noted linguist at home.National cultural meaning is an essential signified meaning of the words tinged with an ethnic group’s cultural connotations.In English and Chinese animal images, both similarities and differences exist in national cultural meanings.However the dissimilarities are absolute while the similarities are relative.Both universality and individuality lie in different cultural connotations loaded in English and Chinese

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 7

animal proverbs.IV.A brief Introduction of the Proverbs Involved in Several Kinds of Animals A.Proverbs of the dragon(龙)In Chinese and western culture, dragon is the animal existed in the myths and legends.In China dragon is the symbol of auspicious honor.It is a bright contrast that in English dragon is fundamentally evil and cruel.In Chinese culture, dragons symbolize good luck, authority, noble, and prosperity.We Chinese are proud to call ourselves “descendants of the dragon”.In the feudal society, dragon is the emblem of the emperor;the emperors thought they were real dragons and the sons of the heaven.Today dragon is still supreme in the heart of Chinese people.China is called “Oriental Dragon”;dragon is regarded as the totem of the Chinese nation.There are a lot of proverbs about dragon, such as “龙生龙，凤生凤”, “强龙压不过地头蛇”.All these proverbs show that dragon(龙)is a great part in the Chinese culture.However, in English people think that dragon is the representative of the evil, a ferocious monster.The distinctions between Chinese and English culture makes the same animals have different connotation and the choices of animal images are completely different.As a result of this, when we want to use English to express the “龙”, we must take this kind of distinction into consideration.“亚洲四小龙” should be translated as “four tigers” instead of “four dragons”.B.Proverbs with word “bat”(蝙蝠)In English-speaking countries, folks think bat as an evil animal and it is often used with the dark and evil force.So in English, proverbs with word “bat” commonly contain derogatory sense.In “as blind as bat”, it becomes a typical image of blind person with eyes open.Bat also has evil meanings of being absurd and odd.We use

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 8

“have bats in the belfry” or “crazy as a bat” to say that a person is off one’s mind.In the traditional Chinese culture, bat(蝙蝠)is homophonic with “福” which means happiness, luck, and blessing.Therefore, old bat woodcarving and embroidery with bats put up people’s wish of blessing for auspicious and happy life.C.Proverbs of sheep and goats(羊)Because of the influence of The bible, the images of sheep and goat are as like as an apple to an oyster.Proverbs of goats are usually derogatory.“Play the goat” is to act as a fool.In The bible, a shepherd tried to distinguish sheep and goats, and he placed sheep right and put goat in the other side in that wild goats often infiltrated the flock to lure sheep.So that the proverb “separate the sheep from the goats” is to divide good or useful people from bad or useless ones.In the eye of Chinese, they two belong to the same species, and don’t any special implied meanings.The UK is a graziery-developed country and people there prefer to wool products.Owing to this, many wool proverbs spring up.Here are some examples: “pull the wool over one’s eyes”which means using people’s innocence to make a cheat into being, “go for wool and come home shorn”that has the meaning of overshoot oneself and “much cry and little wool” the Chinese meaning of which is “雷声大，雨点小”.D.Proverbs of the owl(猫头鹰)Owl is a clever and witty bird with wisdom, earnest and other culture connotations.Words, as “owlish” and “owlishly”, often apply to describe a man to be smart, resourceful and serious.Also in children’s books and comics, owls are often very intelligent.When dispute appears, the animals will ask owls to coordinate when there is an emergency.But in China, it is totally different.Chinese think that owl is linked with superstitious believes, and people are afraid of hearing their hoot because of a faith

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 9

that man will be unfortunate when meeting owls.So a Chinese proverb “猫头鹰进宅，好事不来” means adversity is upcoming.An American woman came to China for the first time and knew little about what Chinese thought of owls.She loved owl pins very much and often wore them.She found people around her often point at her when she wore owl pins.Moreover, some of them even stopped to ask him why she wore owl pins which greatly puzzled her.Only when a Chinese told her about the superstitious thought of owl in Chinese eyes, did she stop wearing it in China.E.Proverbs of the cat(猫)The westerner is one of the important members of the “pet culture”.Cat is used to describe the female, model’s stage steps on the runway named catwalk.“Old cat” is old woman of bad temper.“Barber’s cat” is a person with a starved look.“Copy cat” often said by children is a metaphor to kids copying others.There is a proverb that “when the cat is away, the mouse will play”.It tells people that when a power is absent, others will lawless and naughty.Cat in Chinese does not have any similar uses in proverbs.But “山中无老虎，猴子称大王” have the same meaning with this proverb.There are much more examples, the following examples are widely used.1)English:A cat may look at a king./ Chinese:小人物也有权利

2)English:All cats are grey in the dark./ Chinese:不因为美丑就判断别人的好坏 3)English:That’s like putting the cat near the goldfish bowl./ Chinese:引狼入室

Even though cat occasionally exists in Chinese, some cat proverbs are still in use.“猫改不了吃腥” is commonly applied to a person who can not change his long-standing habits.“吃猫食” is just eating like bird.F.Proverbs of the dog(狗)

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 10

Dog is a word that often used in proverbs and we should pay great attention to.As a matter of fact, people in western countries loves dog more than us.In these countries people loves to keep dogs and they usually call themself or others dog with no meaning of dog.Also dogs are titled with a laudatory name as “man’s best friend” in Britain and America.So in English there are many proverb of dogs such as “Every dog has its day”, “Barking dog seldom bite”, “Dog does not eat dog”, “you are a lucky dog”.But in Chinese, many proverb with dogs have bad meanings and often associate with disgusting things such as “狗改不了吃屎”, “狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心”, “挂羊头，卖狗肉”.All these show that people have no good feelings to dog in the past.Some employers deny people born in the year of the dog.These proverbs contain a derogatory meaning against dogs, and reflect people’s bad impression to the dog.V.The Principles in the Translation of Animal Proverbs

English and Chinese proverbs are from various sources, and they give information about their culture on many social subjects, so there is necessity of a study for translation of English and Chinese proverbs to acquire more information of different nations.Translation is also becoming increasingly important as a medium of international communication.A faithful translation of English and Chinese proverbs will attract the target language readers not only for its vivid and expressive language, but also for much interesting information.Therefore, the purpose of proverb translation isn’t only to absorb and introduce the vivid expressions, but also to enrich the target readers with the culture of other nations and to learn the philosophy and views of the world and life.For this purpose, translators shall pay great attention to keeping the sense and flavor of the original and acquire the highest degree of cultural exchange.The best translation shall contain both the original image and the connotation.Traditionally, there are two major translation methods: literal translation and free

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 11

translation.Literal translation focuses on the source language, referring to the translation based on the form, while free translation focuses on the target language, referring to the translation based on meaning.Which method shall be more important, and be put at the first place? Translators have been arguing over the question for a long time.Though there are not set rules for translating animal images, translation principles does exist.They are cultural equivalence and validity principles.A.Cultural equivalence principle As far as the cultural transmission is concerned, it implies conveying as much as possible the original cultural information in the translated texts in order to achieve the highest degree of language-culture correspondence between the source language and target language.“Equivalent effect” in translation includes linguistic equivalence, stylistic equivalence and socio-cultural equivalence.With the development of linguistics and the increasing degree of communication between different cultures, the socio-cultural equivalence is becoming more and more important.The translators are not satisfied with only transmitting the meaning, but they want to have an integration of both meaning and form.They want to introduce the original form and meaning to foreign land.In terms of transmitting cultural images, cultural equivalence includes equivalence of both the superficial form and the deep cultural content.In image translation, to convey the form and the content determines whether the superficial information or the deep connotative information of a cultural image is conveyed.The best way to convey cultural images is to combine the form equivalence and the content equivalence.However, cultural equivalence does not mean strict or rigid adherence to the original images.If the formal equivalence and the content equivalence cannot be achieved at the same time, the translation should be flexible, and they could give

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 12

priority to the content equivalence, and try their best to convey the cultural information contained in the formal image.Otherwise, the rigid adherence to the original form will not get cultural equivalence in the true sense.The focus is how to change forms properly in reproducing similar effects so as to convey cultural information to the largest extent.B.Validity principle As far as image transmission is concerned, the validity principle means the conveyed cultural information must be valid when a translator tries his best to accomplish cultural equivalence principle.The validity principle requires in the first place translators should neither over-domesticate nor over-foreignize cultural images, so as to avoid imagery confrontation and achieve imagery acceptability.The validity principle and cultural equivalence principle are interrelated with and interdependent on each other, but the validity principle is more concerned with the target language readers.If the translated image makes no sense to the target language readers or causes misunderstanding to them, all the work done by the translator is futile.For example: “It’s raining cats and dogs”.If we translate it into “天上下猫和狗了”, the translation will be absurd to Chinese people.Although the original images are kept, the translation is invalid, so the better translation may be the deletion of the original images: “天上下着瓢泼大雨”.In conclusion, the translation of cultural image is complex.We shall try our best to knit the foreignization and domestication flexibly, and follow the principles of cultural equivalence and validity.VI.Conclusion

The translation of proverbs and animal images is really a complex and delicate work.It should be kept in mind that the main purpose of translation is to transmit different cultures.In translation, the traits of culture shall be remained as much as

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 13

possible, and the two principles of cultural equivalence and validity should be followed.As translators, we shall try our best to find the most appropriate translation which is not only faithful to the meaning, but also keeps the original cultural colors.There is not a settled way as to what kind of translation is the best because the culture is forever changing with the time.The formerly strange proverbs may be considered as natural with the widening communication and rapid globalization.Therefore the translation of proverbs shall always catch up with the time.Translation should also be in harmony with the kind of the writing and purpose of writing.Also, the translation of the same proverb and the same animal image may be different if the context changes, sometimes original colors shall be kept, but sometimes they should be deleted.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 14

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Acknowledgements First, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all the respected professors and teachers from whom I have learned not only the knowledge but also the way of related disciplines, and serious attitude to do research work.Second, I would like to express my hearty appreciation to my teacher Feng yan and Liao suyun for their rigorous and expert direction.Their effective guidance research enabled me to implement the work smoothly.Their insightful comments on the study have been both encouraging and helpful.Their constant help and care have always inspired me to learn more.Their kindness also offers me lots of good materials.Thirdly, I would like to thank the librarians in our campus library, for they have helped me to find various reference books needed for my study.