关系代词和关系副词的区别(集体备课材料)

第一篇：关系代词和关系副词的区别(集体备课材料)

定语从句——辨别关系代词和关系副词

一、教学课题

了解：定语从句，关系代词，关系副词，关系代词与关系副词的区别。

掌握：关系代词与关系副词的区别。

二、教材分析

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

【教学重点与难点】 关系代词与关系副词的区别。

三、教学方法

思考探究观察分析：什么是关系代词？什么是关系副词？他们分别什么时候用？

解疑综合归纳：关系代词与关系副词的区别是什么？

四、教学过程

Step1关系代词与关系副词

1.复习提问

什么是定语从句？（学生回答）

教师归纳：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。2.导入新课

关系代词是关系副词是我们学习的重点，许多同学不会运用，本堂课我们主要来学习他们的用法。

3.讲授新课

（1）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。（2）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

教师提问：

This is the place _____(which/where)I spend my childhood.This is the place _____(which/where)I visited last summer.I'll will never forever the days ______(which/when)we spend together.I'll will never forever the days ______(which/when)we live together in the country.第一空填where(从句中spend是谓语，my childhood是宾语where代指the place在从句中充当地点状语）

第二空填which(which指代前面的the place在从句中充当visit的宾语）第三空填which（which指代前面的the days在从句中充当spend的宾语）

第四空填when(从句中we是主语，live是谓语，in the country是宾语，when指代the days在从句中充当时间状语）4.小结

▲关系代词引导的定语从句 1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语

▲关系副词引导的定语从句

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

Step2关系代词与关系副词的判断：

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。

Step3 关系代词与关系副词练习

1.1）Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 2）Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where

B.that

C.on which

D.the one 答案：1 D，2 A 2．

（分析 第一句选D,换成肯定句 This museum is the one you visited a few days ago.在这句话中this 与museum 是一个整体,一起做主语.所以这里要填一个能做它的表语(the one)的词.而后面从句的that是可以省略的，这里也省略了。）第二句选A,同样换成肯定句来讲

2.用ppt给学生们呈现更多的练习题目，让他们熟练运用定语从句并能准确选用关系代词和关系副词。

第二篇：复合关系代词

复合关系代词

(les pronoms relatifs composes)

1.词形(la nature de mots)

Singulier

MasculinFeminin

lequellaquelle

auquelà laquelle

duquelde laquelle

Pluriel

MasculinFeminin

lesquelslesquelles

auxquelsauxquelles

desquelsdesquelles

1)复合关系代词：lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles.可以指人或物，其性数和先行词一致。

2)复合关系代词有词形变化，前面如有à或de要缩合：

auquel, auxquels, auxquelles.duquel, desquels, desquelles.不能缩合的，要写成两个词：à laquelle, de laquelle

2.用法(l’emploi):

1)关系代词前面有介词，一般用复合关系带来代替，指事物的名词，在从句中作间接宾语或状语：

Il parle du travail auquel nous avons participlé.他谈起我们曾参与过的那件工作。

La plume, avec laquelle il écrit, est à moi.他用来写字的羽毛笔是我的。

※如遇到指人的名词时，用qui：

L’homme à qui tu demande le chemin est mon frère.你问路问到的那个人是我的兄弟。

La femme avec qui vous parlez est française.和您谈话的那位女士是法国人。

※但介词是parmi时，不论人或物，都用复合关系代词：

Nous avons dix professeurs de français parmi lesquels trios sont français.我们有六位法语老师，其中三位是法国人。

Il y a vingt tables dans notre classe, parmi lesquelles six sont achetées récemment.我们班有20个课桌，其中有六个是最近才买的。

2)如果先行词须用介词de引导时，一般应用简单关系代词dont, 不用复合关系代词duquel, de laquelle, desquels, de qui…:

Les étudiants dont vous avez parlé sont en 3e année.你说的那些学生是三年级的。

不用下面的句子：

*Les étudiants de qui vous avez parlé sont en 3e année.Voilà la veste dont la couleur me plait beaucoup.我很喜欢这件外套的颜色。

不用下面的句子：

*Voilà la veste, la couleur de laquelle me plait beaucoup.※如果先行词须用带介词de的短语引导时，要用复合关系代词，能缩合的，要用缩合词形，不能缩合的，要分开写：

Il y aura une réunion au cours de laquelle nous discuterons le problème

économique.在即将召开的会议期间我们将讨论经济问题。

※遇人时用de qui:

J’ai un bon ami avec l’aide de qui j’ai fait beaucoup de progrès.我有一个好朋友，在他的帮助下我取得了很大的进步。

3)复合关系代词作主语，是比较罕见的，只是在书面语，特别是法律方面，用它来代替qui在从句中作主语，因为它有词形的变化，可以避免词义的混淆：（先行词往往是带修饰语的名词或者两个单一的名词，如果两个名词性一致，则用复合指示代词）：

J’ai rencontré le frère de Monique, lequel irait à la campagne.(lequel=le frère)

我碰到了莫尼克（女）的兄弟，他正准备下乡去。

Hier, j’ai vu M.Vincent et sa fille, lequel lisait le journal, laquelle écrivait la lettre.昨天我看到了Vincent先生和他的女儿，Vincent先生在看报纸，他女儿在写信。

Ce sont Lao Wang et son fils: celui-ci est lycéen, celui-là est ingénieur.这是老王和他的儿子，这位（他的儿子）是中学生，那位（老王）是工程师。

(celui-ci=son fils, celui-là=Lao Wang)

复合疑问代词

les pronoms interrogatifs composés

1.词形

复合关系代词一样：lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles.2．用法

可以指人或物，往往是在几个人或物中进行选择，意为哪个，哪些。后接以de引导的补语：

Lequel de vous va prendre la parole?

你们之中谁准备发言？

Laquelle de ces revues préférez-vous?

这些杂志之中你喜欢哪本?

Auxquels de vos camarades écrivez-vous?

你在给你同事中的哪些人写信？

第三篇：关系代词强化专练

关系代词强化专练

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who，whom，that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which，that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

不能用关系代词Which的几种情况

1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.There are few books that you can read in this book store.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.This is the best novel that I have ever read.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.That is the very thing that we can do.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.You can take any room that you like.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

8.在强调句型“ It is...that...” 中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在“ such(the same)...as...” 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as(not which)can bear high temperature.10.表示“ 正如...那样 ”,“ 正象...” 之意时, 用as, 不用which.Mary was late again, as had been expected.11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。

As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，在意义上和先行词相同，并在定语从句充当一定成分。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两大类。常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose，由于其用法比较复杂，为方便记忆，现归纳一口诀，并作简明阐述。

限定that可通用，直作宾语可省略，介后who, that不能跟，非限who, which要分清，最、序、only、不定代very，常用that多叮咛。

一、限定that可通用

一般情况下，关系代词指人用who（主格），whom（宾格），whose（所有格）作定语，相当于of whom;指物用which(作从句的主语或宾语)和whose相当于of which, 但在限制性定语从句中，无论指人指物都可以用that替代，在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语，此时，that相当于who, whom。例如：

(1)A plane is a machine which / that can fly.(在从句作主语，指物，不可以省略)

(2)The girl who / that helps me with my English is Jim's sister.（在从句作主语，指人，不可以省略)

(3)The book(which / that)Stephen Hawking wrote in 1988 quickly became a best-seller.（在从句作宾语，指物，可省略）

二、直作宾语可省略

在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that、which、who、whom，前面没有前置的介词，而是直接跟在先行词之后作从句中动词或介词的宾语，此时，无论指人指物都可以省略。例如：

(4)Some of the guests(who / whom / that)I invited didn't come.(5)The MP3(which / that)I borrowed from Li Ming last Friday was lost on the bus.三、介后who, that不能跟

当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可前置于先行词之后从句之首。此时，关系代词既不可以省略，也不能用that代替which或whom。更不能用who代替whom，例如：

(6)The athlete(who / whom / that)they talked to is a famous runner.=The athlete to whom they talked is a famous runner.(7)The city(which / that)she lives in is very far away.=The city in which she lives is very far away.=The city where she lives is very far away.四、最、序、only、不定代very，常用that多叮咛

A.当先行词本身是序数词或是something, anything, everything, nothing, all, few, little, one, none等不定代词时，常用关系代词that引导定语从句。例如：

(8)The first that get into the lifeboats are women and children.(9)Tom was the only one that survived the accident.（注：关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致。）

B.当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, every, few, no, one, all, just等, 或其前面有形容词的最高级、序数词（包括last, next）修饰时，关系代词常用that。例如:

(10)There is nothing(that)he can do.(11)That was the very pen(that)he used to write the book A Brief History Of Time.(12)I saw all the clothes that were on the table taken away by Joe.(13)This is the most interesting story(that)I have read before.一、关系代词选定要诀

定从要学好，删繁就简系首要，明确先行词，然后定关系词调；指人主格用who，宾格whom好，事物用which，主/宾都可靠；

用that引定从，人/物均需要，非限制性定从句，切勿用that导；关系词作宾语，常将其省略掉，若介词+关系词，关系词切勿抛，无论人/

事物，who/that均不导，指人必whom，事物which邀；

as引定从，（部分）主句内容包，常含“正如”意，位置任意挑；which如此用，用时思量好，有时含“消极”味，主句之后到；

such/ the same + as，固定搭配好，特殊用法务牢记，勿用乱了套；whose作定语，人/物它全包，n.+ of + whom/which，可与其对调。

二、只用that作关系代词的几种情况

先行（词）本身系数词，不定代词指事物，人与事物共先行，There be中指物词作主语，关系词定从中作表语，问句避免疑问词重复，另有序数词/最高级，every/ the very/ the only，以及不定代词若干个，名词前把事物来修饰，以上情况请记清，只能使用that引导定从句。

[巩固练习]

请在横线上添上恰当的关系词。

1.We need comrades _____________ can help us.2.The man __________you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.3.This is a story about a communist fighter ___________ name或the name of _____________ is Liu Hu-lan.4.This is our classroom，_____________ windows或

the windows of _____________ face the south.5.Here is a book _____________ will give a lot of useful knowledge.6.This is the song ___________we like best.7.I will never forget the day，on ____________ I first saw him.8.This is the room _____________ Lao Liu once lived in.9.Do you still remember the day on _____________ he joined the army？

10.The earth，_____________ we all know，moves around the sun.11._____________ is known to all，the earth is round.12.The sun is bigger than the earth，_____________ is known to us all.13.He did not study hard，_____________ led to his failure.14.We used the same type of machine _____________ they did.15.We have found such materials _____________ are used in their factory.16.Here are five fish.The two _____________were caught yesterday are gold fish.17.Everything _____________ I told you just now is true.18.They talked of the things and persons _____________ they remembered in the school.19.There are stars _____________ we still don‘t know in space.20.Li Ying is not the girl _____________ she used to be ten years ago.[试题答案]

1.who/that2.who/whom/that/×

3.whose； whom4.whose； which

5.which/ that6.which/ ×

7.which8.that/which/ ×

9.which10.as

11.As12.as/ which

13.which14.as

15.as16.that

17.that/ ×18.that/×

19.that/×20.that

第四篇：关系代词whose的用法总结

关系代词whose的用法总结

Let have fun first –Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off？-He’s all right now.一，探究发现

1.I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.2.I know the woman whose eyes are very big.3.My mother wants to buy the dress whose price is $1000.4.It was the meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at that time.我的发现：关系代词whose 即可指____也可指______, 在从句中作_____(主语，宾语，定语)，基本体现形式为：______+ ______ + ________ 且 意为：________ 判断: 1.Would you pass me the book ____ cover is broken? 2.Do you like the book ____ I bought you yesterday.3.This is the guest house _____ we stayed last night.4.This is the guest house ____ sitting room can seat more than 30 people.5.Good friend are those _____ offer help to us when we are in trouble.6.The CCTV program, People Who Moved China, honors those ______ contributions should be remembered.二，whose 能引导非限定性定语从句吗？

Martin Luther King _whose speech has inspired many people is my hero.仿写句子：_______________________________ 三．Tom’s book = the book of Tom Jane’s dress =the dress of Jane whose=________________ My brother has been admitted to a vocational school, whose graduates can find good jobs.= My brother has been admitted to a vocational school, the graduates of _____ can find good jobs.The film star, whose father is a famous actor as well, was arrested for taking drugs._________________________________________________________________.课堂总结：1._________________ 2._____________________ 3._______________

2018/8/9

第五篇：定语从句之关系代词教案

要考试，找戴氏

戴氏教育乐山分校

主讲教师：徐海燕

定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 和关系副词when, where, why.关系代词和关系副词 既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句的一个成分。（主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语）

1、关系代词的用法 1）、who，whom 指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。The man who were pretending to sleep asked him to come here.Where is the man who was here? People who find animals asleep often think that they are dead.Where is the man whom I saw this morning.The fellow whom I spoke to made no answer first.My sister married the man she was engaged to.※ 介词后只能用whom 不能用who.Eg : The woman whom / who you spoke to is a model worker.The woman to whom you spoke is a model worker.2)、whose 是所有格，在定语从句中作定语

John was so delighted that he wanted to find someone whose face had been shown.He mentioned a book whose author I can’t remember now.3）、which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以与that互换，作宾语时可以省略。

This is the book which I bought（that）yesterday.Read in light which is not too bright and not too dark.4）、关系代词that 指人又指物，在定语从句中可作主语和宾语，还可以作表语，,作宾语或表语时可以被省略

I used to work sometimes for the family that lived here.Some soldiers picked some flowers that grew there and placed them on the boy’s body.Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do when they are not working.He is not the man that he used to be.※ 介词后边不能加that The house in which we live is not large.The house which we live in is not large.The house that we live in is not large.The house we live in is not large.★ 只能用that 的情况

1、先行词为all, , everything , nothing , something, anything , little , much等不定代词时

Only a scientist could understand all that this pursuit meant.I am sure she has nothing that you can borrow.Everything that we saw was of great interest to us.There is little that the enemy can do to save this house that is on fire.2、先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much,修饰时

I’ve read all the books that you gave me.2、先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时

This is the first composition that he was writing in English.The smallest living things that can be seen under a microscope are dangerous.This is the best novel that I have ever read.3、先行词被the only, the same, the last修饰时

That white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the only book that I want to find.The last plane that we visited was the bets one.4、先行词即有人也有物时

He talks about the teachers and the schools that he had visited.5、先行词是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

6、先行词为who, which 时，定语从句用that 引导。5）、as

A、用于the same… as, such…as , as…as , so…as.结构中。As 引导的定语从句常采用省略式。

Eg: He is of about the same age（as you）.What is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a child’s character as what is learned by experience.Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.B、as 引导的定语从句可以指代整个主句的内容，有逗号与主句隔开

As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70% percent of the earth.As is known to all , Taiwan is a part of china.小结as 引导的定语从句的句型：

As has been said before 如上所述

As may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样

As is well known 众所周知

As was expected 正如所预料的那样

As has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样

As we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样