第一篇:板式换热器的优缺点
板式换热器的优缺点 板式换热器的优点
1)传热系数高。板式换热器的流道小,板片是波形,截面变化复杂,使流体的流动方向和流速不断变化,增加了流体的扰动,因而能在很小的流速下达到紊流,具有较高的传热系数。特别适用于液一液换热及茹度较大的流体问换热。
2)适应性大。可通过增减板片达到所需要的传热面积。一台换热器可分成几个单元,可适应同时进行几种流体间的加热或冷却。
3)结构紧凑,体积小,耗材少。每立方米体积间的传热面积可达250 m2,每平方米传热面仅需金属15 kg左右。
4)传热系数高和金属消耗少,使其传热有效度可达85% 一90% 以上。5)易于拆洗、修理。
6)污垢系数小。由于流动扰动大,污垢不易沉积;所用板片材质较好,很少有腐蚀,这些都使其污垢系数值较小。
7)板式换热器主要用金属板材,因而原材料价格比同种金属的管材要低廉。2.2 板式换热器的缺点
1)密封性较差,易漏泄。需常更换垫圈,较麻烦。2)使用压力受一定限制,一般不超过1MPa 3)使用温度受垫圈材料耐温性能的限制。4)流道小,不适宜于气一气换热或蒸汽冷凝。5)易堵塞,不适用于含悬浮物的流体。6)流阻较管壳式为大。
板换作为换热器的一种,依靠水与翅片之间的热交换实现,其效率与水在翅片之间的流道中的流速及温差有很大关系。一旦流量变化,换热系数也随之变化,而且变化量很大。所以板换只能用在负荷(确切说是流量)稳定的系统中(定流量采暖系统就是典型应用)。而生活热水的流量在一天当中变化是相当剧烈的,因此极不适合采用板换。容积式换热器用于可以储存一定量的热水,可以在相当程度应付用户侧的流量变化。在计算上,板换选型按最大秒流量选,容积式按最大小时流量选。
容积式有一定的贮水容积,可以用来补充高峰时用水,而板式可能应按“即热式”来考虑。
第二篇:高效节能板式换热器可行性研究报告
高效节能板式换热器可行性研究报告 铁岭亿达节能设备有限公司
一,概述
铁岭亿达节能设备有限公司是一家以生产热交换设备为主的,专业的换热器制造厂.生产的产品有
SRZ,SRZ,RZGL空气散热器,板式换热器,集中供热用换热器机组等.公司坐落于昌图县昌图镇,占地面积10000平方米,建筑面积4000平方米,年销售收入270万元.现有职工65人,其中中级职称以上人员10人.生产的换热器应用非常广泛,凡涉及到温度变化,能量被有效利用的场所都能采用换热器.目前,国内,外换热设备的使用已非常普及,但国内产品技术远落后于国外,在我省还没有一家有点规模的换热器生产厂,能生产板式换热器的生产厂几乎没有,而板式换热器与其它类型的换热器相比,具有传热效率高,结构紧凑,占地面小,操作灵活性大,应用范围广,热损失小,安装拆洗方便,使用寿命长等特点.在相同的压力损失情况下,其传热系数是列管换热器的3~5倍,占地面积为列管换热器的1/3,金属消耗量只有列管换热器的2/3,两种介质的传热平均温差可以小至1oC,热回收效率可达99%,因此板式换热器得到了广泛应用.我公司主营产品正是热交换产品的设计制造,有专业化的生
产设备,有熟悉换热器设计技术和生产技术的工程技术人员5名,其中高级工程师3名.在该项目实施上有明显的优势.综上所述,我公司基础好,有较强的实力,具有较强的创新能力.时逢国家发展民营经济的宏观政策,我们要抓住这个千载难逢的机遇,实现板式换热器的产业化.我公司完全具备这种能力,我们坚信,通过我们的努力,一定会在国内外激烈的竞争中拥有更多的市场份额,为振兴辽宁老工业基地做出了应有的贡献.二,技术可行性分析
该项目技术成熟,市场潜力巨大,项目建成后,可以填补省内换热产品的空白,技术水平属于国内先进水平.具体技术参数如下:
1,传热系数达到国产BR系列换热器的高水平,定性温度在40oC,流速在0.5m/s时,传热系数达
4000W/m2·oC.2,产品的耐压能力达到GB16409规定的1.6MPa3,项目建成后,产品最大单板面积由1m2,提高到2.0m2,最大液体通过能力为2000m3/h(板式换热器的最大处理能力主要体现在单板最大面积上).可以满足国内大型换热机组的要求.4,从制造工艺上看,板片与垫片粘接采用专有技术——高温固化工艺,提高了密封垫的使用寿命,大量地节约了用户的维护费用,不但提高了产品的质量及可靠性,而且也提高了社会经济效益.三,项目成熟程度
该产品技术完全成熟,已经在我公司生产近一年,产品技术先进,经有关专家认定属国内领先水平,接近世界先进水平.节能效果显著,通过用户实际测试,换热系数比其它同类换热器高出10%.用户反映良好,认为该产品应该是重点推广的高效节能产品.经过一年多的筹建,我公司已经投入资金430万元,增添了新型的加工设备,完成了投产前期的一切准备工作并已开始试生产,试生产证明,我公司已经具备了良好的生产条件和加工能力,生产加工工艺及检测手段完善,质量保证体系健全,产品质量稳定,成品率合格率达100%,完全具备了生产高效换热器的生产条件.四,市场需求情况
该项目产品主要应用于冶金,化工,使用,水电,核电,机械,轻工,农业,城市建设,造船,海水淡化等领域,市场前景非常可观,据预测全世界每年需用各类换热器约折合64亿人民币,国内市场约12亿,国外市场约52亿元,这样大的市场中国产的换热器只有16%,约10亿
元,其它均被国外产品占领,在国内的市场中多数属于低端产品,我省产品的市场占有率就更低了.随着人们对环境污染的重视,集中供热成为城市的基础设施之
一.特别是建造电厂的同时实施热电联产,使间接供热系统中板式换热器的应用越来越广泛.仅仅是城市集中供热这一项,预计在未来的几年中每年将增加1亿元的市场容量.由此可以看出,板式换热器蕴藏着极大的市场潜力.五,投资估算及资金筹措
计划总投资800万元,累计已投资金430万元,其中土地,厂房投资280万元,设备及检测仪器仪表投资150万.本计划投资300万元,其中银行贷款100万元,用于购置系列组合模具;自筹资金150万元,购置一台一万吨液压机,申请政府补贴50万元,作为流动资金.见下表.单位:万元 总计 申请科技三项费用 申请银行贷款 企业自筹资金 其它 资金 无偿 有偿 贴息 风险投资 计划总投资 800 累计已投资金 430 本年申请资金 200 50 50 100 尚需投入资金 170 50 40 80 六,经济和社会效益分析 以100m2该产品为例,每台售价7万元,其中材料费3.8万元,人工费1.1万元,管理财务费0.35万元,利税1.75万元.该项目建成投产后可形成年产值1700万元,按每年利税260万元计算,只三年多一点就可收回总投资,其经济效益显著.六,投资风险分析:
任何投资都具有风险性,同样高效板式换热器项目的投资也具有投资风险,我们认为此项目主要有两个方面的投资风险,即中国加入WTO的风险和经营风险.WTO风险:WTO风险实际上是市场风险之一.中国已经加入WTO,国外的一些自动化立体仓库的生产企业会涌入我国,这样势必会使竞争更加激烈,更加残酷,但国外公司的唯一的优势是技术上的优势,对于劳动密集型的机械加工来说,我们又占有绝对的优势,通过引进,消化,吸收国外的先进技术,逐步赶超世界先进水平,就会大大提高我们公司的竞争力,尽量避免这一投资风险.七,经营风险:
任何一个好的产品或好的项目,都离不开良好的经营,也就是说,没有良好的经营管理,任何好的项目或产品也无法发展.经过近两年的市场开发工作,我公司在板式换热器方面积累了较丰富的经验,相信能够在纷繁复杂的市场竞争中,把握机遇,开拓进取,把板式换热器开发的尽善尽美,尽最大限度地满足用户需求,逐步扩大市场份额,减少经营风险,顺利完成该项目.在社
会效益方面,由于生产规模的扩大,势必吸引大批就业人员,这样对稳定社会,解决就业都会起到积极的作用.而每年又会给地方财政做出积极的贡献.因此,该项目具有较好经济效益和社会效益.八,项目实施进度计划
1,项目开始时间:2004年4月
2,项目完成(投产)时间:2007年4月30日
3,项目鉴定(验收)时间:2007年10月 八,其它 项目实施所需的基础设施及原材料的来源广泛,本产品所需的原材料主要是0.9mm厚的不锈钢钢板,材料来源充足,货源供应稳定,运输方便,能够满足生产需要;水电供应充足;生产过程中无污染,符合国家环保政策.
第三篇:固定管板式换热器专业译文
固定管板式换热器的概述
换热器按照结构形式可分为:固定管板式换热器、浮头式换热器;U形管换热器;填料函式换热器。
固定管板式换热器由两端管板和壳体构成。由于其结构简单,运用比较广泛。
固定管板式换热器是一种实现物料之间热量传递的节能设备,是在石油、化工、石油化工、冶金、电力、轻工、食品等行业普遍应用的一种工艺设备。在炼油、化工装置中换热器占总设备数量的40%左右,占总投资的30%-45%。近年来随着节能技术的发展,应用领域不断扩大,利用换热器进行高温和低温热能回收带来了显著的经济效益。
结构原理
固定管板式换热器管程和壳程中,流过不同温度的流体,通过热交换完成换热。当两流体的温度差较大时,为了避免较高的温差应力,通常在壳程的适当位置上,增加一个补偿圈(膨胀节)。当壳体和管束热膨胀不同时,补偿圈发生缓慢的弹性变形来补偿因温差应力引起的热膨胀。
一、固定管板式换热器的构成和特点
1、固定管板式换热器的构成
固定管板式换热器由管箱、壳体、管板、管子等零部件组成,其结构较紧凑,排管较多,在相同直径下面积较大,制造较简单。
固定管板式换热器的结构特点是在壳体中设置有管束,管束两端用焊接或胀接的方法将管子固定在管板上,两端管板直接和壳体焊接在一起,壳程的进出口管直接焊在壳体上,管板外圆周和封头法兰用螺栓紧固,管程的进出口管直接和封头焊在一起,管束内根据换热管的长度设置了若干块折流板。这种换热器管程可以用隔板分成任何程数。
2、固定管板式换热器的特点
固定管板式换热器结构简单,制造成本低,管程清洗方便,管程可以分成多程,壳程也可以分成双程,规格范围广,故在工程上广泛应用。壳程清洗困难,对于较脏或有腐蚀性的介质不宜采用。当膨胀之差较大时,可在壳体上设置膨胀节,以减少因管、壳程温差而产生的热应力。
固定管板式换热器的特点是: ①、旁路渗流较小
②、锻件使用较少,造价低; ③、无内漏;
④、传热面积比浮头式换热器大20%~30%。
3、固定管板式换热器的缺点是:
①、壳体和管壁的温差较大,壳体和管子壁温差t≤50℃,当t≥50℃时必须在壳 体上设置膨胀节;
②、易产生温差力,管板与管头之间易产生温差应力而损坏; ③、壳程无法机械清洗;
④、管子腐蚀后连同壳体报废,设备寿命较低;
3、固定管板式换热器的机械设计
固定管板式换热器的机械设计除了最关键的换热板片以外,还有两块墙板,我们称为框架板和压力板,框架板为外侧不可活动的墙板,压力板为换热板片另一侧的可用拉杆螺栓调整位置的墙板;数根拉杆螺栓,用来加紧框架板和压力板;立柱;上下导杆,连接在框架板和立柱之间,用来支撑并给压力板和换热半片导向;框架板和立柱上可安装底脚底脚,用于固定机器。除此以外,还可以有法兰,过滤器,温度计和压力计等一系列附件。
换热器的分类
二、间壁式换热器的类型
夹套式换热器 这种换热器是在容器外壁安装夹套制成,结构简单;但其加热面受容器壁面限制,传热系数也不高.为提高传热系数且使釜内液体受热均匀,可在釜内安装搅拌器.当夹套中通入冷却水或无相变的加热剂时,亦可在夹套中设置螺旋隔板或其它增加湍动的措施,以提高夹套一侧的给热系数.为补充传热面的不足,也可在釜内部安装蛇管.夹套式换热器广泛用于反应过程的加热和冷却。
沉浸式蛇管换热器 这种换热器是将金属管弯绕成各种与容器相适应的形状,并沉浸在容器内的液体中.蛇管换热器的优点是结构简单,能承受高压,可用耐腐蚀材料制造;其缺点是容器内液体湍动程度低,管外给热系数小.为提高传热系数,容器内可安装搅拌器。
喷淋式换热器 这种换热器是将换热管成排地固定在钢架上,热流体在管内流动,冷却水 从上方喷淋装置均匀淋下,故也称喷淋式冷却器.喷淋式换热器的管外是一层湍动程度较高的液膜,管外给热系数较沉浸式增大很多.另外,这种换热器大多放置在空气流通之处,冷却水的蒸发亦带走一部分热量,可起到降低冷却水温度,增大传热推动力的作用.因此,和沉浸式相比,喷淋式换热器的传热效果大有改善。
套管式换热器 套管式换热器是由直径不同的直管制成的同心套管,并由U形弯头连接而成.在这种换热器中,一种流体走管内,另一种流体走环隙,两者皆可得到较高的流速,故传热系数较大.另外,在套管换热器中,两种流体可为纯逆流,对数平均推动力较大。套管换热器结构简单,能承受高压,应用亦方便(可根据需要增减管段数目).特别是由于套管换热器同时具备传热系数大,传热推动力大及能够承受高压强的优点,在超高压生产过程(例如操作压力为3000大气压的高压聚乙烯生产过程)中所用的换热器几乎全部是套管式。
板式换热器 最典型的间壁式换热器,它在工业上的应用有着悠久的历史,而且至今仍在所有换热器中占据主导地位。主体结构由换热板片以及板间的胶条组成。长期在市场占据主导地位,但是其体积大,换热效率低,更换胶条价格昂贵(胶条的更换费用大约占整个过程的1/3-1/2).主要应用于液体-液体之间的换热,行业内常称为水水换热,其换热效率在5000w/m2.K。
为提高管外流体给热系数,通常在壳体内安装一定数量的横向折流档板。折流档板不仅可防止流体短路,增加流体速度,还迫使流体按规定路径多次错流通过管束,使湍动程度大为增加。常用的档板有圆缺形和圆盘形两种,前者应用更为广泛.。
目前,由于我国新版GMP的推出,板式换热将逐渐退出食品,饮料,制药等卫生级别高的行业。
管壳式换热器 管壳式(又称列管式)换热器是管壳式换热器主要有壳体、管束、管板和封头等部分组成,壳体多呈圆形,内部装有平行管束或者螺旋管,,管束两端固定于管板上。在管壳换热器内进行换热的两种流体,一种在管内流动,其行程称为管程;一种在管外流动,其行程称为壳程。管束的壁面即为传热面。管子的型号不一,过程一般为直径16mm 20mm或者25mm三个型号,管壁厚度一般为1mm,1.5mm,2mm以及2.5mm。进口换热器,直径最低可以到8mm,壁厚仅为0.6mm。大大提高了换热效率,今年来也在国内市场逐渐推广开来。管壳式换热器,螺旋管束设计,可以最大限度的增加湍流效果,加大换热效率。内部壳层和管层的不对称设计,最大可以达到4.6倍。这种不对称设计,决定其在汽-水换热领域的广泛应用。最大换热效率可以达到14000w/m2.k,大大提高生产效率,节约成本。
同时,由于管壳式换热器多为金属结构,随着我国新版GMP的推出,不锈钢316L为主体的换热器,将成为饮料,食品,以及制药行业的必选。
双管板换热器 也称P型换热器,是在管壳式换热器的两头各加一个管板,可以有效防止泄漏造成的污染。现在国产品牌较少,价格昂贵,一般在10万元以上,进口可以到几十万。符合新版GMP规定,虽价格昂贵,但决定其市场广阔。
混合式换热器 混合式热交换器是依靠冷、热流体直接接触而进行传热的,这种传热方式避免了传热间壁及其两侧的污垢热阻,只要流体间的接触情况良好,就有较大的传热速率。故凡允许流体相互混合的场合,都可以采用混合式热交换器,例如气体的洗涤与冷却、循环水的冷却、汽-水之间的混合加热、蒸汽的冷凝等等。它的应用遍及化工和冶金企业、动力工程、空气调节工程以及其它许多生产部门中。
按照用途的不同,可将混合式热交换器分成以下几种不同的类型:(1)冷却塔(或称冷水塔)在这种设备中,用自然通风或机械通风的方法,将生产中已经提高了温度的水进行冷却降温之后循环使用,以提高系统的经济效益。例如热力发电厂或核电站的循环水、合成氨生产中的冷却水等,经过水冷却塔降温之后再循环使用,这种方法在实际工程中得到了广泛的使用。
(2)气体洗涤塔(或称洗涤塔)
在工业上用这种设备来洗涤气体有各种目的,例如用液体吸收气体混合物中的某些组分,除净气体中的灰尘,气体的增湿或干燥等。但其最广泛的用途是冷却气体,而冷却所用的液体以水居多。空调工程中广泛使用的喷淋室,可以认为是它的一种特殊形式。喷淋室不但可以像气体洗涤塔一样对空气进行冷却,而且还可对其进行加热处理。但是,它也有对水质要求高、占地面积大、水泵耗能多等缺点:所以,目前在一般建筑中,喷淋室已不常使用或仅作为加湿设备使用。但是,在以调节湿度为主要目的的纺织厂、卷烟厂等仍大量使用!(3)喷射式热交换器
在这种设备中,使压力较高的流体由喷管喷出,形成很高的速度,低压流体被引入混合室与射流直接接触进行传热,并一同进入扩散管,在扩散管的出口达到同一压力和温度后送给用户。
(4)混合式冷凝器
这种设备一般是用水与蒸汽直接接触的方法使蒸汽冷凝。
蓄热式换热器 蓄热式换热器用于进行蓄热式换热的设备。内装固体填充物,用以贮蓄热量。一般用耐火砖等砌成火格子(有时用金属波形带等)。换热分两个阶段进行。第一阶段,热气体通过火格子,将热量传给火格子而贮蓄起来。第二阶段,冷气体通过火格子,接受火格子所储蓄的热量而被加热。这两个阶段交替进行。通常用两个蓄热器交替使用,即当热气体进入一器时,冷气体进入另一器。常用于冶金工业,如炼钢平炉的蓄热室。也用于化学工业,如煤气炉中的空气预热器或燃烧室,人造石油厂中的蓄热式裂化炉。
蓄热式换热器一般用于对介质混合要求比较低的场合。陶瓷换热器 陶瓷换热器是一种新型的列管式高温热能回收装置,主要成份为碳化硅,可以广泛用于冶金、机械、建材、化工等行业,直接回收各种工业窑炉排放的850-1400℃高温烟气余热,以获得高温助燃空气或工艺气体。
研制成的这种装置的换热元件材料系一种新型碳化硅工程陶瓷,它具有耐高温和抗热冲击的优异性能,从 1000 ℃ 风冷至室温,反复50 次以上不出现裂纹;导热系数与不锈钢等同;在氧化性和酸性介质中具有良好的耐蚀性。在结构上成功地解决了热补偿和较好地解决了气体密封问题。该装置传热效率高,节能效果显著,用以预热助燃空气或加热某些过程的工艺气体,可节约一次能源,燃料节约率可达30 %-55%,并可强化工艺过程,显著提高生产能力。
陶瓷换热器的生产工艺与窑具的生产工艺基本相同,导热性与抗氧化性能是材料的主要应用性能。它的原理是把陶瓷换热器放置在烟道出口较近,温度较高的地方,不需要掺冷风及高温保护,当窑炉温度1250-1450℃时,烟道出口的温度应是1000-1300℃,陶瓷换热器回收余热可达到450-750℃,将回收到的的热空气送进窑炉与燃气形成混合气进行燃烧,这样直接降低生产成本,增加经济效益。
陶瓷换热器在金属换热器的使用局限下得到了很好的发展,因为它较好地解决了耐腐蚀,耐高温等课题。它的主要优点是:导热性能好,高温强度高,抗氧化、抗热震性能好。寿命长,维修量小,性能可靠稳定,操作简便。
发展历史
板式换热器 二十世纪20年代出现板式换热器,并应用于食品工业。以板代管制成的换热器,结构紧凑,传热效果好,因此陆续发展为多种形式。30年代初,瑞典首次制成螺旋板换热器。接着英国用钎焊法制造出一种由铜及其合金材料制成的板翅式换热器,用于飞机发动机的散热。30年代末,瑞典又制造出第一台板壳式换热器,用于纸浆工厂。在此期间,为了解决强腐蚀性介质的换热问题,人们对新型材料制成的换热器开始注意。板面式换热器 60年代左右,由于空间技术和尖端科学的迅速发展,迫切需要各种高效能紧凑型的换热器,再加上冲压、钎焊和密封等技术的发展,换热器制造工艺得到进一步完善,从而推动了紧凑型板面式换热器的蓬勃发展和广泛应用。此外,自60年代开始,为了适应高温和高压条件下的换热和节能的需要,典型的管壳式换热器也得到了进一步的发展。70年代中期,为了强化传热,在研究和发展热管的基础上又创制出热管式换热器。
换热器按传热方式的不同可分为混合式、蓄热式和间壁式三类。混合式换热器是通过冷、热流体的直接接触、混合进行热量交换的换热器,又称接触式换热器。由于两流体混合换热后必须及时分离,这类换热器适合于气、液两流体之间的换热。例如,化工厂和发电厂所用的凉水塔中,热水由上往下喷淋,而冷空气自下而上吸入,在填充物的水膜表面或飞沫及水滴表面,热水和冷空气相互接触进行换热,热水被冷却,冷空气被加热,然后依靠两流体本身的密度差得以及时分离。
蓄热式换热器是利用冷、热流体交替流经蓄热室中的蓄热体(填料)表面,从而进行热量交换的换热器,如炼焦炉下方预热空气的蓄热室。这类换热器主要用于回收和利用高温废气的热量。以回收冷量为目的的同类设备称蓄冷器,多用于空气分离装置中。
间壁式换热器的冷、热流体被固体间壁隔开,并通过间壁进行热量交换的换热器,因此又称表面式换热器,这类换热器应用最广。
间壁式换热器根据传热面的结构不同可分为管式、板面式和其他型式。管式换热器以管子表面作为传热面,包括蛇管式换热器、套管式换热器和管壳式换热器等;板面式换热器以板面作为传热面,包括板式换热器、螺旋板换热器、板翅式换热器、板壳式换热器和伞板换热器等;其他型式换热器是为满足某些特殊要求而设计的换热器,如刮面式换热器、转盘式换热器和空气冷却器等。
换热器中流体的相对流向一般有顺流和逆流两种。顺流时,入口处两流体的温差最大,并沿传热表面逐渐减小,至出口处温差为最小。逆流时,沿传热表面两流体的温差分布较均匀。在冷、热流体的进出口温度一定的条件下,当两种流体都无相变时,以逆流的平均温差最大顺流最小。
在完成同样传热量的条件下,采用逆流可使平均温差增大,换热器的传热面积减小;若传热面积不变,采用逆流时可使加热或冷却流体的消耗量降低。前者可节省设备费,后者可节省操作费,故在设计或生产使用中应尽量采用逆流换热。
当冷、热流体两者或其中一种有物相变化(沸腾或冷凝)时,由于相变时只放出或吸收汽化潜热,流体本身的温度并无变化,因此流体的进出口温度相等,这时两流体的温差就与流体的流向选择无关了。除顺流和逆流这两种流向外,还有错流和折流等流向。
在传热过程中,降低间壁式换热器中的热阻,以提高传热系数是一个重要的问题。热阻主要来源于间壁两侧粘滞于传热面上的流体薄层(称为边界层),和换热器使用中在壁两侧形成的污垢层,金属壁的热阻相对较小。
增加流体的流速和扰动性,可减薄边界层,降低热阻提高给热系数。但增加流体流速会使能量消耗增加,故设计时应在减小热阻和降低能耗之间作合理的协调。为了降低污垢的热阻,可设法延缓污垢的形成,并定期清洗传热面。
一般换热器都用金属材料制成,其中碳素钢和低合金钢大多用于制造中、低压换热器;不锈钢除主要用于不同的耐腐蚀条件外,奥氏体不锈钢还可作为耐高、低温的材料;铜、铝及其合金多用于制造低温换热器;镍合金则用于高温条件下;非金属材料除制作垫片零件外,有些已开始用于制作非金属材料的耐蚀换热器,如石墨换热器、氟塑料换热器和玻璃换热器等。
译文
Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger overview Heat exchanger according to the structure can be divided into: fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the heat exchangers;U shape tube heat exchanger;stuffing box type heat exchanger.Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger by both the shell and tube sheet.Because of its simple structure, more extensive use.Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is a kind of implementation of heat transfer between material of energy-saving equipment, is in the oil, chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, power, light industry, food industry universal application of a process equipment.In oil refining, chemical equipment heat exchanger total equipment number about 40%, accounting for a total investment of 30%-45%.In recent years, with the development of energy saving technology, applied domain expands ceaselessly, use of heat exchanger in high temperature and low temperature heat recovery to bring significant economic benefits.Structure principle Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger tube side and a shell side, flowing of fluid with different temperature, heat transfer through the heat exchange is completed.When the two fluid temperature difference larger, in order to avoid high temperature stress, usually in the proper position on the shell, a compensation coil(expansion joint).When the shell and tube bundle heat expansion at the same time, compensation ring slow elastic deformation to compensate for the temperature stress caused by thermal expansion.One, fixed tube sheet heat exchanger structure and characteristics 1, fixed tube sheet heat exchanger.Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is composed of a tube box, shell, tube sheet, pipe and other parts, the structure is compact, exhaust pipe is more, in the same diameter larger, manufacture is simple.Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger structure is arranged in a shell tube, both ends of the pipe bundle by welding or expansion method will pipe fixed on the tube plate, both ends of the tube plate and shell are welded together, shell import and export pipe is directly welded on a casing, pipe plate outer circumference and the cover flange bolts the import and export of pipe, tube and head directly welded together, the tube bundle heat exchanger tube length according to a plurality of baffle.This kind of heat exchanger tubes can be divided into any number of partition process.In 2, the characteristics of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenient cleaning pipe, tube can be divided into a plurality of process, the shell can be divided into two, wide range of specifications, it is widely used in engineering.Shell cleaning difficulties, for dirty or corrosive medium is used.When the expansion difference is bigger, can be arranged in the casing expansion joint, due to reduced pipe, shell and the thermal stress caused by temperature difference.Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is characterized by: The smaller, bypass seepage II, forgings use less, low cost;Thirdly, no inner leakage;The heat transfer area ratio, heat exchangers 20% ~ 30%.In 3, the disadvantage is the fixed tube sheet heat exchanger: First, shell and tube wall temperature difference, shell and tube wall temperature is t = 50 C, when t > = 50 DEG C must be in the shell body setting expansion joint;The difference in temperature, easy to produce, the tube plate and the tube head is easy to produce thermal stress damage;The shell can not, mechanical cleaning;The pipe corrosion, together with the shell scrap, the service life of the equipment is low;In 3, the mechanical design of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger design except for the most critical heat exchanger plate outside, still have two sides, we called the frame plate and the pressure plate frame plate, lateral not movable wall plate, pressure plate heat exchanger plate on the other side of the tie rod bolt to adjust the position of the wall panels can be used;a plurality of tie rod bolt, used to intensify the frame plate and the pressure plate;column;the upper and lower guide rod, connection on the frame plate and between the uprights, used to support and to the pressure plate and the heat transfer piece guide;the frame plate and the upright post can be installed on the bottom of the soles of their feet, used for fastening machine.In addition, can also have a flange, filter, a thermometer and a pressure gauge and a series of accessories.Heat exchanger classification In two, dividing wall type heat exchanger type Jacket type heat exchanger of the exchanger is arranged in the outer wall of the container jacket made of simple structure;however, the heating surface by the container wall, heat transfer coefficient is not high.In order to improve the heat transfer coefficient and the kettle liquid is heated evenly, the kettle stirrer.When the jacket cooling water is injected into or no phase change heating agent, also in the clamping sleeve arranged helical baffles or other additional turbulent measures, in order to improve the jacket side heat transfer coefficient heat transfer surface.As a complement deficiency, also can be in the interior of the autoclave fitted snake tube.A clamping sleeve type heat exchanger used in the reaction process of heating and cooling.Submerged coil heat exchanger in this heat exchanger is the metal pipe winding into various and container which is adapted to the shape, and immersed in a liquid contained within the container.The snake tube heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, can bear high pressure, corrosion-resistant materials available;the disadvantage is that the liquid in the container turbulent degree low, outer tube heat transfer coefficient is small.To enhance the heat transfer coefficient, the inner container may be mounted stirrer.Spray type heat exchanger this heat exchanger is the heat exchange tube rows over the steel frame, the hot fluid flows in tube, the cooling water from the top shower shower uniformly, so called spray type cooler.Spray type heat exchanger tube is a layer of turbulent degree higher liquid membrane, outer tube heat transfer coefficient more immersive increases a lot.In addition, the heat exchanger is placed in the air flow, cooling water evaporation also take part of heat, can rise to reduce the temperature of cooling water, thereby increasing the heat transfer impetus role.Therefore, and immersion, spray type heat exchanger of heat transfer effect is greatly improved.Sleeve type heat exchanger tube type heat exchanger is composed of different diameter tubes made of concentric sleeves, and by U shaped elbow connected.In this heat exchanger, a fluid inside the tube, another kind of fluid go ring gap, both can get a higher flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient.In addition, in the casing heat exchanger, two kinds of fluid for pure countercurrent, logarithmic mean driving force of the larger.Casing heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, can withstand the high pressure, the application is convenient(may need to increase or decrease the number of tube sections).Especially due to casing heat exchanger at the same time with a large heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer of large driving force and can bear high pressure and strong advantages, in the super high pressure process(such as operating pressure of 3000 high pressure polyethylene production process)used in the heat exchanger is almost entirely sleeve type.Plate heat exchanger is the most typical shell-and-tube heat exchangers, its application in the industry has a long history, and is still in the dominant position in all heat exchanger.The main structure comprises a heat exchanger plate and plate between the adhesive tape.In the long-term market dominant position, but the large volume, low heat exchange efficiency, to replace the rubber strip is expensive(tape replacement costs about the process of 1 / 3-1 / 2).Mainly used in liquidwater heat exchanger applications.The maximum heat exchange efficiency can reach 14000W / m2.k, greatly improve the production efficiency, save cost.At the same time, as a result of shell and tube heat exchanger for the metal structure, with China's version of the GMP launch, 316L stainless steel as the main heat exchanger, will become the beverage, food, and the pharmaceutical industry to choose.Double tube plate heat exchanger is also known as P type heat exchanger, in shell and tube heat exchanger at each plus a tube plate, can effectively prevent the pollution caused by leakage.Homebred now brand less, expensive, general in 100000 yuan of above, can be imported to hundreds of thousands of.Compatible with the new version of GMP, although expensive, but the market is broad.Mixed type heat exchanger of mixing heat exchanger is to rely on the cold, hot fluid direct contact heat, the heat transfer mode avoids the heat transfer wall sides and fouling resistance, as long as the fluid contact between the case is good, there is a large heat transfer rate.Therefore he that allows fluid mixed with each other occasions, can adopt the hybrid heat exchanger, such as gas washing and cooling, the cooling circulating water, steam-water mixing between the heating, steam condensation etc.It is applied widely in chemical and metallurgical industry, power engineering, air conditioning engineering and many other production branch.According to different purposes, the mixed type heat exchanger is divided into the following several different types:(1)cooling tower(or cold water tower)In such a device with natural ventilation, or mechanical ventilation methods, production already raises the temperature of the water cooling after recycling use, in order to raise systematic economic benefits.For example, thermal power plant and nuclear power plant circulating water in ammonia production, such as cooling water, cooling tower cooling by water after the recycling use, this method in the actual project has been widely used.(2)the gas washing tower(or tower)In industry to use this device to washing gas have a variety of purposes, such as using liquid absorption gas mixture of some components, in addition to the net gas in the dust, gas, wet or dry.But its most extensive use is a cooling gas, and the cooling liquid used mostly to water.Air conditioning engineering is widely used in the spray chamber, can be regarded as a special form of it.Spray chamber not only can like gas washing tower for air cooling, but also can carry on the heating treatment.However, it also has the high water quality requirements, large occupation area, such as the shortcomings of many pump energy consumption: so, present in the general construction, the spray chamber is not usually used or only as humidification equipment use.However, in order to regulate the humidity for the primary purpose of the textile factory, cigarette factory is still widely used!(3)jet heat exchanger In this device, the high pressure fluid from the nozzle, forming a high velocity, low pressure fluid is introduced into the mixing chamber and jet direct contact heat transfer, and feeding into a diffusion tube, the diffusion tube exit to achieve the same pressure and temperature to the user.(4)mixing condenser The device is usually the water and steam in direct contact method to make steam condensate.The regenerative heat exchanger heat storage type heat exchanger used for regenerative heat exchange equipment.With solid filler, used to store heat.General refractory brick brick fire plaid(sometimes with metal wave band).Heat transfer in two stages.The first stage, the hot gas through the lattice, the heat is transferred to the fire and save up lattice.The second stage, cold gas through the lattice, lattice savings by fire heat emitted by heating.The two phase alternating.Usually with two regenerator used alternately, whereby when the hot gas into a reactor, cold gas into another device.Commonly used in the metallurgical industry, such as the open hearth furnace regenerator.Also used in chemical industry, such as gas furnace air preheater or combustion chamber, synthetic oil plants in the heat accumulating type cracking furnace.The regenerative heat exchanger is generally used on medium mixed with low requirements.Ceramic ceramic heat exchanger heat exchanger is a kind of new type high temperature heat energy recovery device, main component is silicon carbide, can be widely used in metallurgy, machinery, building materials, chemical industry, recycling all kinds of industrial furnace directly discharged 8501400 high temperature flue gas waste heat, in order to obtain high temperature combustion air or gas.Research into the device to the heat transfer element material is a new type silicon carbide ceramic works, it is resistant to high temperature and thermal shock performance, from 1000 degrees C air cooled to room temperature, repeated 50 times over the cracks do not occur;coefficient of thermal conductivity and stainless steel equal;in oxidative and acidic medium has good corrosion resistance.The structure solves successfully the thermal compensation and can solve the problem of gas sealing.The device has high heat transfer efficiency, obvious energy saving effect, is used to preheat the combustion air or heating some process gas, can save energy, fuel saving rate up to 30 %55%, and strengthen the process, significantly improving production capacity of.Ceramic heat exchanger production technology and kiln production process is basically the same, thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance is the main application properties of materials.It is the principle of the ceramic heat exchanger placed in the flue outlet is near, high temperature areas, without the need for mixing cold and heat protection, when the furnace temperature 1250-1450 C, a flue outlet temperature shall be 1000-1300 C, ceramic heat exchanger heat recovery can reach 450-750 C, to be recycled into the hot air in the kiln with gas formation of mixed gas combustion, so to reduce production costs, increase economic benefits.Ceramic heat exchanger in metal heat exchangers using constraints to get very good development, because it is better to solve the corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other topics.Its main advantages are: good thermal conductivity, high temperature strength, good thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance.Long service life, small amount of repair, stable and reliable performance, simple operation.Development history Plate heat exchanger plate heat exchanger in twentieth Century 20 time appear, and the application in food industry.Escrow to board made of heat exchanger, and has the advantages of compact structure, good heat transfer effect, thus gradually developed into a variety of forms.At the beginning of 30 time, the first Swedish made of spiral plate heat exchanger.Then the brazing method creates a composed of copper and its alloy material of plate fin heat exchanger, used in aircraft engine cooling.At the end of the 30's, Sweden also built the first plate shell type heat exchanger, used for pulp factory.During this period, in order to solve the strong corrosive medium heat transfer problem, the new material made of heat exchanger began to pay attention to.Plate type heat exchanger 60 time around, because the rapid development of space technology and cutting-edge science, urgent need of various energy efficient compact heat exchanger, plus the stamping, soldering and sealing technology development, heat exchanger manufacturing technology has been further improved, so as to promote compact plate type heat exchanger and the vigorous development of broad application.In addition, since the beginning of 60's, in order to adapt to the high temperature and high pressure conditions of heat transfer and energy conservation needs, typical of the shell and tube type heat exchanger has been further development.In 70 time metaphase, in order to enhance heat transfer, in research and development of heat pipe on the basis of creating a heat pipe type heat exchanger.Heat exchanger according to the mode of heat transfer can be divided into different hybrid, regenerative and wall type three class.Mixed type heat exchanger is through the cold, hot fluid, mixed direct contact heat exchange heat exchanger, also called contact type heat exchanger.Due to the two fluid mixing heat exchange must be timely separated, this kind of heat exchanger is suitable for gas, the liquid between the two fluid heat exchanger.For example, chemical plant and power plant in cold water tower, water from top to bottom spray, and the cold air from the
第四篇:板式换热器的应用
板式换热器的应用
板式换热器广泛应用于以下各行业:
a.制冷:用作冷凝器和蒸发器。
b.暖通空调:配合锅炉使用的中间换热器、高层建筑中间换热器等。
c.化学工业:纯碱工业,合成氨,酒精发酵,树脂合成冷却等。
d.冶金工业:铝酸盐母液加热或冷却,炼钢工艺冷却等。
e.机械工业:各种淬火液冷却,减速器润滑油冷却等。
f.电力工业:高压变压器油冷却,发电机轴承油冷却等。
g.造纸工业:漂白工艺热回收,加热洗浆液等。
h.纺织工业:粘胶丝碱水溶液冷却,沸腾硝化纤维冷却等。
i.食品工业:果汁灭菌冷却,动植物油加热冷却等。
j.油脂工艺:皂基常压干燥,加热或冷却各种工艺用液。
k.集中供热:热电厂废热区域供暖,加热洗澡用水。
l.其他:石油、医药、船舶、海水淡化、地热利用。
天津市鼎大模具有限公司位于西青区杨柳青镇,成立于2009年,是一家以设计制造板式换热器板片模具和板式换热器橡胶垫模具的新型民营企业。
公司主要供应压型模系列,橡胶模系列,冲模系列产品,经营范围涉及板式换热器,板片,胶垫,板片模具及胶垫模具。公司有大型数控机床数台,专业数控操作及编程人员数十名,为高效优质设备的生产提供了保障。此外,我们已与国内外众多优秀的工厂及贸易公司建立了长期稳定合作关系,年营业额达5000万余元,产品远销海内外。
我们拥有专业的开发设计团队,具备新产品开发设计能力,可以向用户提供前期咨询、板型及产品设计,计算选型软件的编制,人员的培训到换热器制造等全方位的服务,确保产品能够满足客户的各种实际需求。
我们以生产高品质产品、热情为客户服务为宗旨,秉承“诚信为本、敢为人先,一诺千金,乐于奉献”的精神,珍惜每一次合作机会,将我们的产品推向应用的每一个角落。
第五篇:板式换热器容积式换热器技术要求
板式换热器容积式换热器技术要求
一、技术标准
投标产品应符合(但不仅限于)如下标准及现行国家、地方、厂家、各政府部门的各种规范、法规、规定中的相关要求:
1.GB16409-1996 板式换热器
2.GB150-98 钢制压力容器
3.GB151-89 钢制管壳式换热器
4.压力容器安全检查规程(国家劳动总局颁发)
5.GB699-88 优质碳素结构钢技术条件
6.GB6654-96 压力容器用碳素钢及不同低合金钢热轧厚钢板
7.JB4701~4702-92 压力容器法兰
二、1.2.3.4.板式换热器技术要求 采暖热负荷:高区供热负荷为5970KW,低区供热负荷为7613KW; 一次水供回水温度为125℃/65℃,二次水供回水温度85℃/60℃; 工作压力:高区1.6 MPa,低区1.0MPa; 材质要求:传热板片采用不锈钢SUS304,密封胶垫采用三元乙丙橡胶或等效的其他材料。
三、立式即热式容积式换热器技术要求
1.生活热水热负荷:高区生活热水负荷为2200KW,低区生活热水负荷为4000KW;
2.一次水供回水温度:冬季125℃/65℃,夏季70℃/40℃;高低区生活热水供回水温度55℃/12℃;
3.工作压力:高区1.6 MPa,低区1.0MPa;
4.材质要求:壳体采用16MnR,换热管采用不锈钢波节管或性能等效的其他材料。
四、1.2.3.4.设计选型参数(供参考)高区采暖板式换热器,2台,F=45.65m2,Q=4179KW; 低区采暖板式换热器,2台,F=57.75m2,Q=5329KW; 高区立式即热式容积式换热器,2台,F=46m2,V=5m3; 低区立式即热式容积式换热器,3台,F=46m2,V=5m3;
五、其他要求
1.换热器的设计和制造采用的零件、标准件等均应按照国家标准和相关部标验收;
2.供方应向需方提供有关换热器试验报告和完整的质量保证书;
3.需提供选型报告,并提供换热器各组件的材质;
4.供方提供的产品需确保能满足安装使用要求并能通过热力集团有关部门的验收。