第一篇：高考英语模拟试题答案
高考考生很多人分析英语阅读理解模拟试题难度的相对较少,更没人对阅读理解文本难度进行多因素分析。以下是小编为大家搜集整理提供到的高考英语模拟试题答案，希望对您有所帮助。欢迎阅读参考学习！
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What do we learn from the conversation?
A.There will be a math exam tomorrow
B.Today is the man’s birthday
C.The man doesn’t like math exams
2.What colour is the woman’s dress?
A.Blue B.White C.Black
3.When did the man’s daughter set a new world record?
A.In 1999 B.In 2005 C.In 2009
4.What does he man mean?
A.He moved the desk alone
B.He had some classmates move the desk
C.His classmates helped him move he desk
5.What time is it now?
A.3:10 B.3:15 C.4:10
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6、7题。
6.Who might the man be?
A.A waiter B.The woman’s friend C.The woman’s husband
7.Where was the wallet found?
A.In the restroom B.At the cash desk C.On the table
听第7段对话，回答第8、9小题。
8.What are those children like?
A.Shy B.Active C.Selfish
9.Why does the woman have to leave?
A.Because her children are ill
B.Because her parents are in poor health
C.Because her friends made her leave
听第8段对话，回答第10至12题。
10.What happened to the man?
A.He got up late in the morning
B.He stayed up all night reading
C.He felt asleep while reading
11.What makes the man sleepy when reading?
A.He doesn’t like reading
B.He didn’t sleep well last night
C.He doesn’t understand the meaning of the book
12.What may help to better understand a book?
A.Find the main idea first
B.Skip the difficult parts of the book
C.Recite the details of the book
听第9段对话，回答第13至16题。
13.Where does the conversation take place?
A.At a party B.In a shop C.In a game room
14.Whose birthday is coming?
A.The man’s
B.The woman’s brother’s
C.The woman’s son’s
15.How much does the woman plan to spend?
A.$ 50 B.$ 30 C.$ 20
16.What does the woman choose at last?
A.A book about PC games
B.A magic car
C.A pencil-box
听第10段对话，回答第17至20题。
17.Who is the man talking to ?
A.His students B.His parents C.His children
18.Why was the man’s mother mad at him?
A.He didn’t become a doctor
B.He painted everywhere in the house
C.He was crazy about taking photos
19.What is the man’s father?
A.A painter B.A doctor C.A photographer
20.What do we learn about the man?
A.He gave up his dream because of his mother
B.He feels extremely regretful
C.He still paints as a hobby
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑。
A
Public events at the Library of Congress
The Library of Congress offers these events to the public at its Washingtonlocation free of charge, except where otherwise noted.Schedules are subject to change.Check back to this site for the latest information.Individuals requiring accommodation for this event are requested to submit a request at least five business days in advance by contacting(202)707-6362 or ADA@loc.gov.Exhibition-World War I: American Artists View the Great War
8:30 am-4:30 pm
An exhibition showing how American artists aroused public interest in World War I will open next month at the Library of Congress.“World War I: American Artists View the Great War” will open on Saturday, April 7 in the Graphic Arts Galleries on the ground floor of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building.The exhibition is free and is open to the public Monday through Saturday, 8:30 am to 4:30 pm.It will remain open for a year, closing on April 6,2018.Location: JeffersonBuilding, ground floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
Contact:(202)707-60
21Event-“Presidential Inauguration Treasures”
10:00 am—3:30 pm
The two-week display on inaugurations(就职典礼), at the Library of Congress, will feature presidential treasures: the handwritten speeches of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln and collections on the lighter side: menus, dance cards and souvenirs.The display will include newspapers, film clips, a demonstration of online resources and a challenging presidential history quiz.The display is free and open to the public
Location: Mahogany Row A(LJ113), 1st floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
Concert—Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI
8:00 pm—10:30 pm
Early music star Jordi Savall gathers exceptional performers, classical and traditional, to show the rich musical history of “La Serenissima” over a thousand years of empire(帝国)
* PRE-CONCERT CONVERSATION 6:30 PM-Whittall Pavilion(no tickets required)*
Location: Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
Contact:(202)707-5502
21.According to thee article, the public events at the Library of Congress_____.A.are all free and open to the public throughout the year
B.are presented in various forms like exhibitions and shows
C.are only available for local residents of Washington
D.have to be booked at least five days in advance
22.Which of the following is TRUE about the exhibition about World War 1?
A.It is available to visitors seven day a week
B.It could help the public get a better understanding of World War 1
C.American artists will be present at the exhibition to interact with visitors
D.Visitors interested in it can contact(202)707-2922 for more information
23.Fans of ancient music are most likely to enjoy events held at_____.A.JeffersonBuilding, ground floor.ThomasJeffersonBuilding
B.Mahogany Row A(LJ113), 1st floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
C.JeffersonBuilding, 1st floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
D.Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, ThomasJeffersonBuilding
B
One day, I was teaching my daughter how to paint I saw that a lot of her energy went into dipping(蘸)her brush into the paint, and then into a bowl of water.But then most of the paint that was on the brush would just disappear in the water.As an impatient mother, I was thinking, “ I am trying to teach you how to paint on paper and what are you doing? This is not what you are supposed to do.You have to do this way.”
But she is three years old so she is probably not going to bother(操心)doing it the right way.She had so much fun dipping the brush in the paint and in the water bowl.Pretty much within an hour, most of the paint was all over the room and I just sat there with my hands on my head thinking, “Oh my god, this girl is hopeless.” Soon after, however, she shouted, “Mama, when I mix pink and blue, it turns purple!”
I was surprised.While I was thinking that she was wasting perfectly good paint and paper, she actually learned something.What would have been a very theoretical(理论的)experiment turned into a very practical experiment.I am a designer and work with software(软件)like Photoshop and IIIustrator.When my daughter sees me work on the computer, she is always very curious and she wants to work with me on the same thing that I do.She starts to mess with buttons, and in that process, sometimes lands up teaching me things!There will be many times when she will find something new.I will ask her how, and she will tell me, “I pressed this, and I pressed this, and then this happened.”
One of the things I realized from this is that everyone has a different way of learning things.When I was growing up, I related to literature(文学)very well, so everything that was turned into a story became my way of learning and understanding different concepts(概念).Some kids understand through art, some understand through math and games, and it’s the job of a parent or a teacher to watch and discover how children learn and try their best to make these experiences educational.24.How did the writer feel at the beginning?
A.Upset and unsatisfied B.Relaxed and patient
C.Energetic and supportive D.Interesed curious
25.In Paragraph 3, the author was surprised because her daughter______.A.got a new color by mixing pink and blue
B.learned to paint by herself
C.wasted so much paint
D.learned something she hadn’t expected
26.With Paragraph 4, the author aims to show that_____.A.kids enjoy acting as teachers to adults
B.adults usually don’t respect kids enough
C.her daughter learns through experimenting
D.kids love to copy what adults do
27.To help children learn more from their experience, the writer suggests parents and teachers_____
A.join with their children to play
B.get their children to read stories
C.learn from their children in daily life
D.find on the ways their children learn
C
French writher Frantz Fanon once said : “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the online Oxford Dictionary, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today’s changing world.After a year that was politically unstable, it’s not hard to understand the fact that people’s political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary.One example is “clicktivism”, a compound(合成词)of “click” and “activism.” It refers to “armchair activists(键盘侠)-people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone.And “otherize” is a verb for “other”that means to alienate(使疏远)people who are different from ourselves—whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.“We had all the words around Brexit(脱欧)in the last and we are now starting to see all the words around Trump coming into the dictionary,” Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionaries’ head of content development, told The Guardian.Lifestyle is also changing our language.For example, “fitspiration”–a compound of “fit” and “inspiration”—refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.The phrase “climate refugee”–someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change—reflects people’s concern for the environment.According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions, “People feel much freer to cointheir own words these days,” he said.But still, not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream(主流的)dictionary.If you want to create your own hit words.Stevenson’s suggestion is that you should not only make sure that they are expressive(有表现力的)and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.28.What is the article mainly about?
A.Some new words that got included into the online Oxford Dictionary
B.The application of new words and phrases
C.How a language mirrors the changing world
D.The impact of social media on our language
29.With the mention of Brexit and Trump, the author intends to_____.A.inform the reader of the origin of the word “clicktivism”
B.show the influences of current affairs on the English language
C.highlight two major political events that changed the world
D explain what kind of new words can make it into a dictionary
30.The underlined word “coin” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means_____.A.use B.record C.change D.create
31.How is the article mainly written?
A.By giving examples
B.By making comparisons
C.By following a timeline
D.By presentingresearch findings.D
Students who applied(申请)for Early Action or Early Decision with overseas colleges should now have a reply.Those who applied through an Early program received one of three possible responses: Accepted, Rejected(拒绝)or Deferred(延迟).It’s easy to understand the first two, but many students and parents are confused by a deferral.Common questions are: “What does it mean?” and “What should I do?”
High school student Emily Castellano’s application was deferred by North CarolinaStateUniversity, but she had already been accepted at UNC Wilmington and Appalachian State, and those were two of her top choices.Her mother, Karen Castellano, said she wasn’t really surprised, knowing how competitive(竞争的)N.C.State is.“Emily was somewhat disappointed but took it in her stride,” she said.“The deferral shows her the importance of having an open mind to allow for a variety of(多样的)opportunities.”
Jillian Jacobson was deferred by BostonCollege, her first choice.Being deferred means that colleges want to compare your application with those they receive during the regular decision(录取的)period.So how did Jillian handle the deferral and what are her next steps?
“A deferral was painful for me.It wasn’t a ‘no’, it wasn’t a ‘yes’---it was a ‘not now’,” she said.“At first, I didn’t think there was anything I could do,” she added.“But I love BostonCollege so I decided it was worth pulling out all the stops.”
Jillian emailed the admissions representative(招生官)to confirm her continued interest, and she is now writing an additional(额外的)essay about why Boston College is the perfect fit for her.She even plans to visit the college once more in the spring.Jillian said that she was optimistic(乐观的)because“my application will re-enter theirregularadmission pool to be viewed with a new set of eyes.Applying during Early Action gives your application two opportunities to be reviewed.”
32.The main purpose of the article is to ____________.A.explain what a deferral means and how to deal with it
B.inform readers of the advantages of applying for Early Action
C.advise students to apply early for their favorite colleges
D.share some successful cases in the deferral process
33.The underlined phrase “took it in her stride” in Paragraph 4 means _________.A.had deep faith in something
B.behaved in an anxious manner
C.dealt with something unpleasant calmly
D.showed no interest toward something
34.According to the article, a deferral means that _________.A.an applicant has been kicked out of the regular admission pool
B.a college is half-way on deciding whether an applicant is qualified
C.an applicant has missed the chance to enter his or her dream college
D.an applicant has to refuse invitations from other colleges
35.After Jillian Jacobson received the deferral notice, she ___________.A.wrote an email to complain to the admission officers
B.visited the campus again to get familiar with the college
C.started working on an essay to explain her intention to apply
D.asked her application to be viewed by a new set of officers
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swimming at the beach or in a backyard pool are well-known Australian summer activities.But while it is usually a fun time of year, there is a serious side to summer that you might not know about.36._____There are lots of trees and dry grass in remote areas that can easily catch fire.Even throwing a burning cigarette out of a car window can cause a lot of damage.37._______.In February, there were more than 80 different bushfires burning at the same time in New South Wales, a southeastern state of Australia.The Guardian newspaper reported that 42 homes were burned to the ground because of these fires.38.___________They are huge farms.Many Australian properties(房产)are larger than 1,000 sq km, while the biggest is more than 20,000 sq km---even larger than Beijing.Every household prepares for bushfire season and protects their property.But sometimes the fires are too big and people have to move to safety.39._________ It was so hot in February that thousands of bats died from the heat.People can get sick if they stay outside for too long or don’t drink enough water.The heat can also cause power problems for homes and businesses.40._________But it is worth remembering that the heat can cause lots of problems, too.A.The Australian summer is enjoyable.B.The hot weather also causes other problems.C.These homes are not like Chinese ones.D.Thanks to climate change, this year’s situation is even worse.E.That is why summer is also known as ‘bushfire season” in Australia
F.The dry season lasts about six months, usually between April and October.G.The extreme heat, which can go above 40 C in some cities, is very dangerous.第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑。
In Texas, we have a lot of towns with cool names.There is41 a town named Cool.And Valentine.Yes, Valentine.How cool is that? 42 in February.But where did that name come from?
The story 43 that in 1882, a railroad crew had finished laying the tracks to where a water and fuel depot(库房)would be needed.It was Valentine’s Day, so they 44 the depot Valentine.It was also the name of one of their managers, so the name has double 45.Valentine is halfway between Los Angeles and New Orleans—almost 1000 miles from 46---deep in the Heart of West Texas.Valentine never got very 47.The town’s mayor, Jesus Calderon, says that the population is about 180 these days.Calderon has been mayor there for 40 years.48 being mayor, he taught in the valentine IndependentSchool District for many decades.49 knows valentine like Calderon.He says there is no gas station, no ATM, and no crime.The school, K-12, has about 40 50.Some years, only five or six graduate from high school.One year, not too long ago, two 51.Lisa Morton, who grew up there, says that her sister graduated alone.You might think that must have been a 52 event.But according to Lisa, “the whole town came out to 53 her big day.”
Well, the town isn’t so small that it doesn’t have a 54.And in February, they are 55 than Santa’s elves on Christmas Eve.This time of year, they receive thousands of 56 to be re-mailed with the Valentine postage stamp.The cards 57 from all over the US and as many as 30 foreign countries.Each year, there is a design contest at the school and the 58 has their“love logo” chosen as that year’s stamp.Imagine that.You can 59 your Valentine a Valentine from Valentine.Can’t get much more 60 than that!
41.A.actually B.certainly C.possibly D.truly
42.A.Naturally B.Especially C.Probably D.Simply
43.A.ends B.goes C.means D.suggests
44.A.visited B.mentioned C.named D.noticed
45.A.purposes B.spellings C.origins D.records
46.A.one B.each C.all D.neither
47.A.big B.distant C.lucky D.small
48.A.Far from B.Thanks to C.Because of D.In addition to
49.A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Somebody
50.A.visitors B.branches C.teaches D.students
51.A.complained B.disappeared C.graduated D.returned
52.A.funny B.lonely C.foolish D.great
53.A.celebrate B.examine C.discuss D.protest
54.A.festival B.stamp C.school D.post office
55.A.busier B.cleverer C.happier D.stranger
56.A.cards B.bills C.books D.flowers
57.A.collect B.come C.develop D.result
58.A.member B.organizer C.partner D.winner
59.A.count B.find C.send D.turn
60.A.careful B.nervous C.obvious D.romantic
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My doorbell rings at 11 am.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand 61(be)a paper bag.She is the little boy’s grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought 62 house next door last October.Nicole has 63(obvious)told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided 64(supply)me with meals.Iknow what is inside the paper bag---a bottle of hot soup and a 65(contain)with a meal of rice, vegetables and meant.It’s become a daily occurrence.Communication 66 us is somewhat difficult because she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, 67 showed at message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know 68 the food was all right for me.So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of 68(we)able to speak the other’s language but communicating one way or another(with some help from technology).The doorbell keeps 70(ring)and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mr.Li,How is everything going with you?
I am writing to tell you the good news that I have already been admitting into BeijingUniversity in advance.Actual speaking, you are very person I should first say thanks to.It is you who has helped to develop my interest in English.With your help, I would not be good at English.So my gratitude to you was beyond any description.BeijingUniversity is my dream place that I can enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons.I am sure of that I will learn a lot there.I will also take part in all kinds of activity.I know you are always busy with your teaching work.Do take care of you.May you and your family be healthy and happy as well.Best wishes!
Yours,Li Hua
第二节书面表达(25分)
假如你是李华，英国汉语文化项目招募志愿者去支教，你作为申请的一名高中毕业生，写一篇不少于100字的自我推荐文章，包括以下要点：
1.围绕传播中国文化，发扬国粹主题
2.为什么你要申请项目?
3.申请该项目的优势是什么?
注意：开头和结尾已经写出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/ Madam,My name is Li Hua, a high school graduated student.I would like to work as a volunteer for Chinese culture project in Britain.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,Li Hua
2017高考英语模拟试题答案
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
1-5CACCC 6-10AABBC 11-15CABCC 16-20BABBC
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
21-23BBD 24-27ADCD 28-31ABDA 32-35ACBC
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
36-40GECBA
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分)
41-45ABBCC 46-50BADCD 51-55CBADA 56-60ABDCD
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
61.is 62.the 63.obviously 64.to supply 65.container
66.between 67.which 68.if/whether 69.us 70.ringing
第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
Dear Mr.Li,How is everything going with you?
I am writing to tell you the good news that I have already been admitting into BeijingUniversity in advance.admitted
Actual speaking, you are∧very person I should first say thanks to.It is you who has helped to develop my interest
Actually the have
in English.Withyour help, I would not be good at English.So my gratitude to you was beyond any description.Without is
BeijingUniversity is my dream place thatI can enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons.I am sure of that
Where ﹨
I will learn a lot there.I will also take part in all kinds of activity.I know you are always busy with your teaching
activities
work.Do take care of you.May you and your family be healthy and happy as well.yourself
Best wishes!
Yours,Li Hua
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
One Possible Version
Dear Sir/Madam,My name is Li Hua, a high school graduated student.I would like to work as a volunteer for Chinese culture project in Britain.Chinese culture project in Britain is a very important way for Chinese to convey Chinese culture and introduce national treasure to foreign people.I am g girl/boy of 18.With the great fluency in English and the burning passion for Chinese culture, I suppose I am qualified to be a volunteer for the project.Besides, I have a good communicative competence and I am considered to be an outgoing, reliable and helpful person.I promise I will do my best to fulfill the task required by the project.Now I formally apply for the job and Isincerely hope I can be accepted.Yours faithfully,Li Hua
第二篇：惠州音体美模拟英语试题答案
惠州市2014届高三音体美模拟考试
英语试题答案
完形填空：
1-5 BCABD 6-10 ACDBC 11-15ADBCB
语法填空：
16.However17.which18.was injured19.better20.a
21.it22.impressed23.when24.of25.possibly
单词拼写错误、大小写未区分不给分。
阅读理解
26—30 CABCD31—35 CDBAB36—40 CADDB41—45 DCADA
信息匹配
46—50 CEFAB
基础写作：（One possible version）
In order to know more about the long history about our country, broaden our horizons, and inspire us to work hard, the History Museum of Huizhou City is opened to all the students and teachers in middle schools.The theme of this activity is to visit the history museum, and to pass the chinese culture down.And the museum is opened at 4:30 from May 16th to 19th free of charge.In the museum, everyone is required to behave well and politely.What’s more, the historical relics should be protected and cherished.读写任务：（One possible version）
Wang Dan and other people try their best to buy a train ticket and enjoy Spring Festival with their family.Although China has its largest rail and HSR networks, they can’t satisfy everyone’s necessity.The phenomenon has its own cultural background.Firstly, after a year working outside, Chinese particularly enjoy celebrating the Spring Festival with their family because they value family reunion.Secondly, it is comfortable and cheap for people to take a train to go back to their hometown.Finally, China has a large population working outside.Last October 1st Holiday, every student in our school wanted to go home.When I got to the bus station, all the tickets had been sold out.Having no choice, I had to stay at school for the night and went back home the next morning.It was not until then could I understand the trouble of buying a train ticket to go hometown for their Spring Festival.In my opinion, our government should take effective measures to help the people who want to have family reunion.On the one hand, more trains will be used during festivals or let them have a longer holiday.On the other hand, the government should encourage the people to spend their holidays in the working place.
第三篇：辽宁2012年高考模拟试题答案_5
辽宁2012年高考模拟试题答案
第Ⅰ卷 阅读题
甲 必考题
一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面文字，完成1—3题。
文学，不可让英雄缺席
如今，无论是电子传媒还是纸质媒体，文艺作品中的英雄形象趋于单一，经济英雄成为作家在商战小说、反腐小说、官场小说还有其他现实题材作品里经常被塑造的人物，他们或多或少地带有商品社会的印记，成为物化的财富象征。的确，文学艺术作品不能够让英雄缺席，英雄形象的塑造是每一位作家的必修课。然而，如果作家仅仅拿出这一类英雄形象，实在不能说他们代表了这个时代的文学高度。
当下的文学作品中树立的英雄形象，让读者耳熟能详的寥寥无几。况且，就算是经济英雄，也还构不成文学作品中典
型塑造的主流趋势，他们是存在于经济意义上的，文化价值结构单一。在相当多的文学作品中，非英雄化写作还在继续。作家着力塑造的主人公形象，不好不坏，不痛不痒，不高不低，不上不下，和现实生活中的大多数普通人一样，所以就写他的七情六欲，写他的善恶混杂，写他的渺小与低下，让人不由得感叹，当代文学艺术作品中英雄难得一见，凡夫俗子遍布其间。
在已有的英雄谱系中，体现了明显的“族群化”倾向，是所谓的“经济英雄”，他们是当代经济社会的一面镜子。也许，这些经济英雄人格独立，精神饱满，具有济世情怀，但是把他们放到整个当代文学人物谱系里，放到人类社会发展的长河里，这英雄的分量还嫌轻浅，不足以成为人们精神的楷模，道德的典范。
回顾百年历史，一大批文化精英在中国现代化进程中领潮流之先。文学精英以其不可替代的重要性形成了深远的历史影响。鲁迅、郭沫若、茅盾、巴金、老舍、曹禺等，在读者的视野中从未走远。他们的经典作品穿越时光长河，历久弥新，鼓舞激励了几代人的成长。他们本身作为文化英雄，当之无愧；他们塑造的英雄形象，深入人心。社会需要回归经典，重读名家，但是更需要产生与这个伟大的时代相匹配的新的伟大作家和伟大作品。
（本文摘自2012年1月10号 光明网—《光明日报》）
1、下列选项中,对“文化意义”上的“英雄”理解错误的一项是（）
A.文学作品中英雄人物身上要折射出理想主义的光芒,他们应是引领社会潮流之先的一面明镜,更应是超越现实奔赴理想的一面旗帜。
B.一名作家只要有前瞻意识,做思想的先驱,勇于挑战自己，既能塑造叱咤风云的经济英雄，又能刻画文化意义上的文化英雄，就可以成为文化意义上的英雄。
C.作家在作品中塑造的人物不仅要有现实基础,富于时代色彩,更要成为精神标杆,指向人类理想, 引领社会向更高的目标迈进，才称得上是英雄人物。
D.回顾百年历史,一大批文化精英在中国现代化进程中领潮流之先,且以不可替代的重要性形成了深远的影响.他们是当之无愧的文化英雄,鲁迅,郭沫若等就是其典型代表。
二、古代诗文阅读（36分）
（一）文言文阅读（19分）
阅读下面的文言文，完成4～7题。
王同皎，相州安阳人，陈驸马都尉宽曾孙也。陈亡，徙河北。长安中，尚太子女安定郡主，拜典膳郎。太子，中宗也。桓彦范等诛二张，遣同皎与李湛、李多祚即东宫迎太子，请至玄武门指授诸将。太子拒不许，同皎进曰：“逆竖反道，显肆不轨，诸将与衙执事刻期诛之，须殿下到以系众望。”太子曰：“上方不豫，得无不可乎？”同皎曰：．．．“众将相毁家族以安社稷，奈何欲内之鼎镬乎？太子能自出谕之，众乃止。”太子犹豫，同皎即扶上马，从至玄武门，斩关入。兵趋长生殿太后所，环侍严定，因奏诛易之等状。帝复位，擢右千牛将军，封琅邪公，食实户五百。主进封讼主，拜同皎驸马都尉，迁光禄卿。
神龙后，武三思烝浊王室，同皎恶之，与张仲之、祖延庆、周憬、李悛、冉祖雍谋，须武后灵驾发，伏弩射杀．三思。会播州司兵参军宋之愻以外妹妻延庆，延庆辞，之愻固请，乃成昏。延庆心厚之，不复疑。之愻子昙得其实。之愻兄之问尝舍仲之家，亦得其谋。令昙密语三思。三思遣悛上急变，且言同皎欲拥兵阙下废皇后。帝殊不晓，大怒，斩同皎于都亭驿，籍其家。同皎且死，神色自如。仲之、延庆皆死。憬遁入比干庙自刭，将死，谓人曰：“比干，古．忠臣，神而聪明，其知我乎！后、三思乱朝，虐害忠良，灭亡不久，可干吾头国门，见其败也。”憬，寿春人。后太子重俊诛三思，天下共伤同皎之不及见也。睿宗立，诏复官爵，谥曰忠壮。诛祖雍、悛等。①
4．对下列句加点词解释不正确的一项是（）A．诸将与衙执事刻期诛之
刻：约定 ．B．上方不豫
不豫：不事先预备 ．．
C．须武后灵驾发
须：等到 ．D．籍其家
籍：抄没 ．5．下列选项所列事实分别都能表现王同皎祖孙二人有过人胆魄的一项是（）A．遣同皎与李湛、李多祚即东宫迎太子/斥烽候，筑归化、潘原三垒 B．须殿下到以系众望/幼庄重，不喜儿弄
C．同皎即扶上马，从至玄武门，斩关入/ 疏吏恶，榜之里闾，杀尤纵者
D．同皎且死，神色自如/缮壁垒，积粟，构高屋偫兵
6．下列对原文有关内容的表述，不正确的一项是（）
A．王同皎与李多祚等迎太子于东宫，请太子至玄武门指麾将士。太子初拒而不许，同皎讽谕切至，扶太子上马，才使迎立一事得以继续。
B．在劫杀武三思的过程中，宋之问、宋昙、张仲之、李悛从中阻挠，使劫杀活动一度搁浅。
C．王潜系光禄卿王同皎孙，父王繇，母为永穆公主。王潜生三日，皇帝赐绯衣、银鱼。因系皇室外孙，授千牛将军。D．将作监原来无公食，监内所得息钱为私人所有。王潜建章立制，规定息钱不得归私，而用来充当公食费用，从此遂成制度。
7．把文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。（10分）
①众将相毁家族以安社稷，奈何欲内之鼎镬乎？太子能自出谕之，众乃止（5分）译文：________________________________________________________________ ②后、三思乱朝，虐害忠良，灭亡不久，可干吾头国门，见其败也。（5分）译文：________________________________________________________________
（二）古代诗歌阅读（11分）
乙 选考题
请从以下三、四两大题中选定一道大题作答，不得选做另一题内的小题。考生作答时，用2B铅笔在答题纸上把所选题目对应的题号涂黑。(不涂框或不用铅笔图框本题无分)
三、文学类文本阅读（25分）
11．阅读下面文章，完成（1）～（4）题。
女巫的面包
欧·亨利
玛莎·米奇姆小姐在街道拐角处经营一爿小小的面包店（就是你上三步台阶，推门时门铃叮当响的那爿）。
玛莎小姐四十岁。她有一个二千美元的银行存折和两只假牙，还有一颗同情心。许多人都结了婚，而他们结婚的家当却大不如玛莎小姐。
有一位顾客每星期来两三次，她开始对他发生兴趣。他是个中年人，戴着眼镜，留着仔细修剪过的红胡子。
他说带有浓厚的德国口音的英语。衣服破旧，有几处补丁，而且宽松皱褶。但是，他外表整洁、很有礼貌。
他总是买两块陈面包。新鲜面包五分钱一块，陈面包五分钱两块。他从来不要别的，只买陈面包。
有一回玛莎小姐看见他头上有一点红棕色的油渍，她断定他是个画家，而且非常贫穷。不用说，他一定是住阁楼，在那儿绘画，一边啃陈面包，一边想着玛莎小姐面包店里好吃的东西。
当玛莎小姐坐在餐桌前，面对着肉排、松软的面包卷、果酱和茶，她时常叹息，希望那位举止文雅的画家能和她共享这些佳肴，不要在那四处透风的阁楼上啃干硬的面包皮。
正如上面说过的，玛莎小姐富有同情心。
一天，为了证实对他职业的猜测，她从屋里搬出一幅廉价买来的油画摆在柜台的货架上。
这是一幅威尼斯风景画。一座辉煌的大理石宫殿（画上是这么说的）占了主要画面，也可说是屹立在图画前面的水中。画中还有几条平底小船（船上有一位女子把手放在水中拖曳）、浮云和蓝天以及大量的光暗对比。画家是不会不注意到这幅画的。
这位顾客急忙跑到门口观看，任何人都会这样。玛莎小姐灵机一动，抓住了这个机会。
在柜台后的货架底层有一磅新鲜的黄油，是送奶工人十分钟前放在那儿的。玛莎小姐拿起面包刀，将每块陈面包切一条深缝，塞进大量黄油，然后把面包压紧。
顾客转身回来时，她正用纸把面包包起来。
他们特别愉快地闲聊了一会儿，他走了，她暗自笑起来，但是心里多少有点忐忑不安。
她是否太唐突？他会不会生气？当然不会。吃了人家的嘴软。黄油可不是痴情女人的信。
那天她心里老是惦念着这件事，想象着他发现那小骗术时出现的情景。
他会放下画笔和画板。画架上会有一幅他正在画的油画。其中各部分比例匀称，无可非议。
他会准备午餐——陈面包和水。他会切开面包——啊！
玛莎小姐脸红了。当他吃的时候，他会想到往面包里放黄油的那只手吗？他会„„
门铃一阵乱响。有人正走进来，吵吵嚷嚷的。
玛莎小姐匆忙跑到前面去。那里站着两个男人。一个是年轻人，含着烟斗——她从没见过他。另一个是她的画家。
他满脸通红，帽子滑到脑后，头发蓬乱，他握紧两个拳头，恶狠狠地向玛莎小姐挥动着，问玛莎小姐。
“傻瓜！”他破口大骂；又用德语说“上千美元啊！”或类似的话。
年轻人想把他拖走。
“我不走，”他愤愤地说，“我非告诉她不可。”
他重重地敲着玛莎小姐的柜台。
“你毁了我，”他叫道，蓝眼睛在眼镜后面冒着火。“我告诉你，你是个爱管闲事的老猫！”
(1)下列对小说有关内容的分
析和概括，最恰当的两项是(5分)A．小说以巧妙的谋篇布局、细致传神的心理描写、独特精妙的细节和准确生动的语言讲述了一个“多情反被无情恼”的故事，体现了欧·亨利小说独特的艺术魅力。
B．文章两次谈到两千美元的银行存款，既表现了玛莎小姐虽年已四十但仍有恋爱资本，也对比突出了布拉姆伯格的贫穷寒酸，同时也表现了玛莎小姐对穷画家的理解支持和对未来美好爱情的憧憬。
C．玛莎小姐的思想与行为有着一条她自以为是的爱情的轨道，而穷画家的思想与行为则沿着另一条路线运行，两条路线始终交织在一起，难解难分。
D． 玛莎小姐穿上她最美丽的蓝点绸背心，用润肤剂来润泽肌肤，甚至偷偷地在五分钱两块的陈面包中塞进大量美味的黄油，这一切都证明了玛莎小姐正在渐渐地一步一步地展开它温馨多情的爱情攻势。
E．小说意味隽永，发人深思，表达了对庸俗、浅薄、畸形病态的生活现象的否定，真切曲折地反映出人性的复杂层面，隐含着对人世间荒谬丑陋事物的愤慨与抗议。
(2)小说为何以“女巫的面包”为题，请结合作品做具体分析。(6分)(3)小说结局体现了欧亨利小说“意料之外，情理之中”的特点，这一结局在前文有多处伏笔，请找出并作简要分析。(6分)(4)小说的主人公有人认为是玛莎小姐，有人认为是布拉姆伯格制图员，你认为是谁，请结合文章内容加以探究。(8分)
四、实用类文本阅读（25分）
12.阅读下面的文字，完成（1）—（4）题。
遥远苍穹，他是最亮的星
——记两弹元勋”朱光亚
“人生为一大事来。他一生就做了一件事，但却是新中国血脉中，激烈奔涌的最雄壮力量。细推物理即是乐，不用浮名绊此生。遥远苍穹，他是最亮的星”。
——2011年感动中国组委会授予朱光亚的颁奖辞
朱光亚1924年12月25日出生于湖北宜昌，上中学时对物理产生了浓厚兴趣。大学时，他先后受教于周培源、叶企孙、吴大猷等著名教授，在学业上打下了坚实的基础。
1945年7月15日，在美国新墨西哥州的荒漠上，伴随着惊天动地的一声巨响，原子之火冲天而起，人类进入了核时代。
1958年秋，苏联援建的核工业反应堆和加速器正式移交给中方使用，中国第一个综合性的原子能科学技术研究基地诞生了。然而，1959年，距中苏签订“国防新技术协定”不到两年时间，苏联背信弃义，单方面撕毁协议，撤走了专家。35岁的朱光亚奉命调到二机部，担任核武器研究所副所长和第四技术委员会副主任。朱光亚提出，就从苏联专家所作报告中留下的“残缺碎片”研究起。经过夜以继日的艰苦奋斗，中国的原子弹设计理论终于有了重大突破。
1964年10月16日15时整，随着“起爆”那一声铿锵命令，大漠中骤然闪出一道强光，一朵黄褐色的蘑菇云腾空而起。
成功了！看到这惊心动魄的壮观景象，老成持重的朱光亚激动万分。当晚，在试验基地举行的庆功宴会上，他喝得酩酊大醉„„
第一颗原子弹爆炸成功后，朱光亚紧接着又开始组织实施机载核航弹爆炸试验和导弹运载核弹头爆炸试验，都分别取得了圆满成功。
根据毛主席“原子弹要有，氢弹也要快”的指示，朱光亚和同事们加快了研制速度。1967年6月17日，我国第一颗氢弹爆炸成功，强烈的冲击波又一次震撼了世界。
在1994年6月举行的中国工程院成立暨首届院士大会上，朱光亚以全票当选为中国工程院首任院长。
朱光亚对自己要求非常严格。1996年初，解放军出版社策划出版了一套“国防科技科学家传记丛书”，他自然是必
写对象之一。报请审批时，他提笔就把自己的名字划掉了。在有关国防科技历史的文献中，都有他撰写的文章，但字里行间他都只谈别人和集体，从不谈自己。他经常说：“核武器研制是一项综合性很强的系统工程，需要有多种专业的高水平科学家与工程技术人员通力协作。”他特别强调钱三强、王淦昌、邓稼先、周光召等科技专家在其中所建立的不可磨灭的功勋。
1996年10月，朱光亚荣获“何梁何利科学技术成就奖”，奖金为100万元港币。颁奖的头一天，他就说要把全部奖金作为中国工程科技奖助基金。身边的同志建议说：您是不是从中拿出一部分来捐比较合适？朱光亚的回答是：“中国工程科技界的工程科技奖助基金，现在有很大一部分是由海外友好人士捐助的，如果我们也能捐一点，虽然为数不很多，也算是做一点工作和一份贡献。”
2004年，朱光亚80岁诞辰之际，为表彰朱光亚对我国科技事业作出的重大贡献，国际小行星中心和国际小行星命名委员会批准将我国国家天文台发现的、国际编号为10388号小行星命名为“朱光亚星”。
2011年2月26日10点30分，中国“两弹一星”元勋朱光亚先生永远停止了思考，一代巨星就此陨落，夜空中那颗第10388号行星“朱光亚星”却依然闪耀。
（选自“领导干部网”，有删改）
第Ⅱ卷（表达题）
五、语言文字运用（20分）
13、下列各句中加点的熟语使用恰当的一项是
A．大观园里的主子们安富尊荣，早已习惯过铺张浪费的生活，米珠薪桂，挥霍无度,王熙凤也日感难以维持了。．．．．B．有了适当的处世态度和说话技巧，便可左支右绌，即使身处险境也常会化险为夷了。．．．．C．他们相知相恋于风华正茂的时候，却不得不分离半个多世纪，如今都已八十高龄的他们终于喜结金兰，走进了婚姻的殿．．．．堂。
D．倾盖如故，有些人交朋友就是这么简单，萍水相逢，只需一眼，就可以认定面前之人的精彩，无关身份与年纪，无关一．．．．切。
14、下列各句中没有语病的一句是
A．专家指出，柯达高傲以及保守的态度不仅阻碍了转型之路，而且靠卖专利为生的局面也将走到尽头。
16、在下列横线上填入恰当的关
联词语，使文段语意连贯。（5分）
中国的改革开放迅速提高了自己的国际地位，中国还没有塑造自己全球形象的国际经验，以官方声音为主的宣传使我们的话语缺少了能够满足民间需要的说服力；崛起的喜悦中夹杂的狭隘民族主义成分所产生的众多解气的话语，没有对中国说服世界提供帮助，成为外国主流媒体报道中国时出现负面内容的重要原因。
中国迫切需要在对国际政治和中国文化深入了解的基础之上，培育大量具有说服世界能力的民间人士，换句话说，中国人多，中国外交更需发挥民间优势。
17、在下面一段文字的横线处填上恰当的文字，使语义前后呼应，内容合理，句式大体一致。（6分）
和谐，强调顺和、协调，力避抵触、冲突。阳光的和谐如钻石般耀眼；落日的和谐如锦缎般美丽。琴瑟和鸣，黄钟大吕，这是艺术的和谐。举案齐眉，夫唱妇和，这是夫妻的和谐。
六、写作(60分)
18、以“济”为题，写一篇不少于800字的作文，立意自定，除诗歌外文体不限，不得套作，不得抄袭。
鞍山一中2012届五模考试语文科试卷参考答案
1、B(“只要„就„”错，成为文化英雄还需别的条件)
2、C(原文“也许，这些经济英雄人格独立，精神饱满，具有济世情怀”)
3、B(A作家思想的深度错，原文是“作家思想解放的程度 ”C“作家呈现出来的作品，未能普遍反映这个时代的精神高度和思想深度”不是物化的社会对作家戕害的结果 D“就是现实生活中的普通人”错，原文是“和现实生活中的大多数普通人一样”)
4、B(不豫：称身体不适)
5、C
6、B(张仲之并没有主观上阻挠这一劫杀行动。)
11、⑴ A项3分，D项2分，B项1分（C项“两条路线始终交织在一起，难解难分”不当，E项主题阐释过度，B项“对比突出”一句及“理解”不当。）
(2)①“面包”是全文的线索，男主人公因买面包而与玛莎小姐结识，玛莎小姐又在面包中加入黄油而无意中破坏了对方的设计图，最后揭示了面包的用途。②“女巫”暗示了玛莎小姐在整个故事情节中尴尬的身份，并暗示了小说所蕴含的哲理：主观臆断一厢情愿于自己无益，对别人也许也是一种灾难。③以“女巫的面包”为题，能够吸引读者，让读者产生强烈的阅读兴趣。（答出一点给2分，也可据答题情况酌情给分）
(3)①文章多次谈到“他总是买两块陈面包„他从来不要别的，只买陈面包”暗示了男主人公的制图员身份。②“图画各部分的比例也不对”只有设计师才会关注建筑物比例问题，艺术家关注的不是作品真实性，而是表现力。③“她断定他是个画家”“不用说，他一定是„” “他一定是个画家”文中不断强调玛莎小姐的主观臆断，为她的自作多情的结局和男主人公的真正身份做了铺垫。（答出一点给2分，也可据答题情况酌情给分）(4)观点一：
玛莎小姐是主人公。①从主题角度看，小说表现的是人与人之间需要沟通了解、不能一味相信自己的判断，而始终生活在幻想中的玛莎小姐显然最能表现这一主题。②从篇幅上看，文章对玛莎小姐着墨最多，有大量的心理描写。③从情节结构上看，因为陈面包而对男主人公产生好感、用风景画加以试探、在陈面包中加入黄油、受到制图员的嘲讽和奚落等环节，都是围绕玛莎小姐展开的。④从人物关系（或手法）上看，写布拉姆伯格制图员先前的淡漠和最后对玛莎小姐的嘲讽奚落是为了衬托玛莎小姐的主观臆断，由此也突出了主题。
⑷①便于读者全面完整的了解朱光亚光辉的一生;②一个人的成就与他高贵的品质是分不开的,他的行事低调,为人谦虚,淡泊名利正是他高贵的精神品质高尚人生境界的具体体现；③一个人如果把一生主要的经历投入到伟大的事业中去,立志高远,胸怀博大,自然就会把事业之外的名利看轻看淡.如居里夫人;④现实生活中我们也该如此。（三条理由6分，联系实际2分）
13、D（A．米珠薪桂：形容物价奇贵。B．左支右绌：穷于应付，顾此失彼。C．喜结金兰：结交很投合的朋友。D．倾盖如故：偶然结识的新朋友却像友谊深厚的旧故交一样。）
14、B（A．语序不当C．搭配不当。D．中途易辙）
15、B
16、虽然、但是、不但（不仅）、反而、所以（一空一分，使逻辑关系合理的其他关联词也可酌情给分。）
17、示例：
阳光的和谐如钻石般耀眼；落日的和谐如锦缎般美丽。琴瑟和鸣，黄钟大吕，这是艺术的和谐；和风细雨，桃红柳绿，这是自然的和谐。举案齐眉，夫唱妇和，这是夫妻的和谐；和平共处，求同存异，这是国家的和谐。（一空一分，内容不合理、格式不对应酌情扣分）
18、作文参考高考作文评分标准
基础等级50分 一等(50--41)二等(40--31)三等(30--21)四等(20--0)切合题意 符合题意 基本符合题意 偏离题意
中心突出 中心明确 中心基本明确 中心不明或立意不当 内容充实 内容较充实 内容单薄 没什么内容 感情真切 感情真实 感情基本真实 感情虚假 结构严谨 结构完整 结构基本完整 结构混乱 语言流畅 语言通顺 语言基本通顺 语病多 字体工整 字迹清楚 字迹潦草 字迹难辨
符合问题要求 大体符合文体要求 大体符合文体要求 不符合文体要求
发展等级10分 深刻 丰富 有文采 有创新
1、透过现象深入本质
4、材料丰富
7、语言生动，句式灵活
10、见解新颖，材料新鲜、构思精巧
2、揭示问题产生问题
5、形象丰满
8、善于运用修辞手法
11、推理想象有独到之处
3、观点具有启发作用
6、意境深远
9、文句有意蕴
12、有个性特征
王同皎的儿子王繇匹配永穆公主，生子王潜，字弘志。王潜生三日，唐肃宗赐绯衣、银鱼。王潜年幼时即行为庄重，不喜欢儿戏。因系肃宗外孙，授千牛将军。又被选出匹配公主，固辞，元和年间累迁至将作大匠。将作监的属吏中原来有属北军各籍，骄惰而无所事事，王潜到任后，奏请朝廷将其全部罢除，所以未经大力申诫，监内风气便为之一新。将作监原来
第四篇：模拟高考英语作文
1.最近，出现了很多“最美......”，如“最美教师”，“最美司机”等等，模拟一篇高考作文。
Recently, a hot phrase “the most beautiful...” attracts more and more attention, which refers to a person who has done something moving others greatly.For instance, there are the most beautiful teacher, the most beautiful driver, and the most beautiful soldier.Their acts of heroism have moved numerous people.On the one hand, there’s no doubt that we should admire their courage and learn from them.Because it is they that strengthen our spiritual civilization.On the other hand, we should notice that some people lack the necessary public sense of responsibility.They don’t want to take care of others’ lives, even commit crimes to meet their own needs.As far as I’m concerned, everyone should try his/ her best to improve their moral level.Only in this way can we make a most beautiful society together.2.最近，小悦悦的事件引起了很多人的热议，模拟一篇高考作文谈谈自己的看法。
Recently, a little girl named Yueyue caught many people’s attention.She has passed away in an unbelievable way and all of us would feel sorry to her.On the one hand, we want to ask those eighteen people why they didn’t save her.On the other hand, some people even doubt that the old grandma did all this just in order to make herself famous.It’s obvious that with the development of economy, people are becoming more and more selfish.In their minds, it is none of their business to help others.Seeing danger, they always turn blind eye to this and leave quickly.In fact, everyone needs help in the world.You can imagine how terrible it is if we live alone.On the contrary, if we devote a little love and help to another, the world will become more and more beautiful.Since helping others is very important, some measures should be taken to cultivate the environment in the whole society.No matter whole you are and what you do, remember helping others is helping oneself.写英语作文时需要注意的问题
一、话题不会太空泛（跟语文不一样，不需要很有高度），多是具体的，非常贴近学生生活的；
二、注意题材、格式（近两年多是邮件、日记、回信等），再看看近两年山东卷高考真题范文；
三、作文最好分三到四段，一定注意字体，每个句首都想着用个连词（Although、Because、...）；
四、调整心态，尽量靠自己，珍惜重视每一分；
五、把几个常见短语，句型记住，考试时提醒自己一定要用上：
Nowadays/ recently/ With the rapid development of economy,...As we all know,...There is no doubt that...As a matter of fact,...== In fact,...As far as I’m concerned,...== In my opinion,...(说理时)First/ Second/ Besides/ Moreover/ In addition/ Therefore/ Last but not least On the contrary,...For example/ instance,...On the one hand,....On the other hand,...In a word,...Only in this way can we do...
第五篇：2009年全国高考江苏英语试题答案
土右旗农技推广体系现状和问题
土右旗农业技术推广中心 智宇航
土默特右旗地处呼和浩特、包头二市之间，北依大青山，南临黄河，全旗共辖17个乡镇，1个生态管委会，农业人口28.5万人，现有耕地116万亩，是典型的平原农业大旗。自20世纪80年代以来，土右旗建立了以旗级农技服务为中心，乡镇为纽带，村为桥梁，上下贯通，左右相连的农技推广服务网络，对全旗的农业和农村经济的发展做出了不可替代的作用。但是从20世纪90年代起，在历次县、乡机构改革中，农技推广机构都成为主要精简目标。随之在农技推广工作中出现了一些非常突出并急待解决的问题。
一、土右旗农技推广体系现状
做好农技推广工作，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化是解决“三农”问题的重要举措。1996年的乡镇机构改革，首先是从乡镇农技部门开始的，对其实行了“三定”，改革后，“人财物”三权下放乡镇。2002年的乡镇机构改革，对其实行“断奶、脱钩”，将农技、农机、农经、畜牧、水利、林业合并为综合站，农技人员听从于乡镇安排。据调查，全旗大多数乡镇农技干部都是“占其职不谋其政”，诸如包村、包片、计划生育、税费收缴、综合治理等中心工作，根本无暇顾及农技推广。
土右旗现有农技推广机构19个，其中：县级1个，乡级18个，种植业推广机构人数318人，其中县级人数50人，乡级268人，国家编制人数为302人，其中县级45人，乡级257人。县、乡农技机构实行差额拔款，定编人员经费4500元/人。
全旗种植业农技推广组织职工素质状况，学历状况：大专以上学历有20人，占6%，中专及高中人数201人，占63%；年龄结构：36至49岁人员188人，占59%，50岁及以上人数34人，占10%；职称状况：有专业技术职称人数129人，占职工人数的41%，其中，中级职称人数18人，占职工总数的6%，初级及以下职称人数111人。
全旗种植业推广机构职工从事技术推广人员数218人，占职工总数的69%，其中具备本专业学历人数81人，占职工总人数的25%。旗级农业技术推广中心由土右旗农牧业局主管，乡镇农技站由各乡镇政府管理。
以旗农业技术推广中心为例，自1997年以来定为“准科级事业单位”，人员编制45人，承担着农技推广、植物保护、渔政管理、农村能源、农广校、多种经营等几项重要公益性工作。2001年随着改革，旗政府为减轻财政压力，核定农业中心为差额事业单位，人员经费4500元/人。经费锐减，职能激增，呈现出严重的酬不抵劳现象。具体情况如下：
1、执法职能：有植物检疫、农药管理、无公害认证、渔政 2 管理、土肥监测、耕地保护、农技推广等法律法规职能。
2、公益职能：
—— 植保植检：新农药、新植保技术的试验、示范、推广
—— 农技推广：新作物品种、新栽培技术的试验、示范、推广
—— 水产养殖：新水产品种、新养殖技术的试验、示范、推广
—— 新肥料、新施肥技术的试验、示范、推广
—— 多种经营：新经济作物及新栽培技术的试验、示范、推广
—— 农广校：招收农村生源，培训广大农民
—— 农村能源：户用沼气池、小型沼气工程、秸杆气化等生物能源及太阳能、风能的试验、示范、推广
3、上级对口业务部门有：
农业技术推广站（含农村生态能源办）；植检植保站（含农药检定站）；水产站；土壤肥料站；多种经营站（主要是经济作物）；农广校。
4、一般性推广服务：主要是接受涉农企事业单位委托，进行相应的工作，可逐步走向市场经营的方向，但目前条件尚未成熟。
综上所述，旗农业中心的经费水平与职能范畴极不匹配，按 3 目前中心的经费水平，只能承担所述职能的1—2部分，可中心却在全部承担，实在是勉强维持，步履艰难。
二、农技推广体系发展中存在的主要问题
（一）农技推广投资严重不足
由于旗乡财政不宽裕，推广经费长期严重短缺，投入不足，致使旗、乡农业技术推广机构在设施设备上还在用上世纪80年代搞商品粮基地建设时留下的老底子，服务设施和手段严重落后；现有的农技人员待遇严重偏低，更难以吸引大中专毕业生充实进来从事这项工作。财政供给的窘迫状况，严重制约了旗、乡农技推广机构公益性职能的正常发挥。今年我旗承担的国家和自治区的玉米良种补贴项目，在实施过程中，财政状况较好的乡镇如大城西、明沙淖、将军尧等在落实推广过程中，给予农技人员一定的推广经费，良种补贴项目就落实得较好，宣传到位。而财政状况困难的乡镇，如三道河、双龙、沙海子等乡镇，推广经费严重缺乏，工作力度不够，宣传乏力，群众认识不高，出现了播种面积小、播种迟、种植不规范等一系列情况。同时农技部门和其它部门相比较工作任务重，农技人员的收入低，工作条件艰苦，许多农技干部不得不“跳农门”。
（二）非专业技术人员过多，知识断层与知识老化问题严重 农技推广人员结构不合理。现阶段从事旗乡两级种植业技术人员比重偏少，特别是农民生产上急需水产、园艺、蔬菜、植保 4 专业技术人员更少，均不适应新时期农业技术推广的需要。以县农技推广中心为例，全中心50人中从事种植技术推广的27人，其中从事水产工作的2人，从事植保工作的7人，且存所学专业与岗位不符的现象。
非专业技术人员过多。在全旗种植业技术人员中，非专业技术人员占70%左右，而大专以上学历人员仅占人员总数的5%，具备本专业学历人员占总人数的26%，从农技人员所从事的工作情况看，从事农技推广工作的专业技术人员才一半左右，而非专业技术人员从事技术推广工作的比例则高达20%。
知识断层与知识老化问题严重。从2000年—2003年全旗县、乡农技站没有增加过新毕业的农业院校毕业生。因为经费短缺，农技人员无法参加各种继续教育和相关专业培训，1996年以来旗、乡两级的农技人员中没有一位同志进行过脱产学习，在从事农技推广工作的人员中参加过种植业技术短期培训和进修的只有10人（包括在职攻读中专、大专等人员），占总数的0.03%。旗、乡两级大部分农技人员知识严重老化，所拥有技术多为常规种植技术，真正掌握“名、特、优”种养管理技术的很少。这种状况表明：农技推广人员的知识断层与知识老化现象相当严重。
由于以上三方面的原因，我旗农技推广工作进行的难度就较大。还以今年落实玉米良种补贴为例，旗、乡两级的非专业农技人员在落实过程中就显得工作吃力，推广力度不够，甚至有少数 5 人技术培训不到位，不受广大农民欢迎；部分专业过硬的农技人员，虽能够较好地完成该项工作，而且得到广大农户的好评和认可，但待遇太低，也存在着应付差事的现象。
（三）农技推广体制不合理
乡镇农技推广机构的人、财、物管理权下放后，导致旗、乡两级农技推广部门业务断链，乡镇农技人员绝大部分时间在从事乡镇“中心”工作。另外，也为各种关系挤占农口指标就业提供了机会，在农技推广机构中，从1996年以来增加的人员，非农专业人员所占比例高达30%。这种旗乡断链的农技推广体制，在工作过程中，矛盾重重，很难适应新时期农技推广工作的需要。诸如今年在玉米良种补贴、沼气池建设等农技推广工作中，推广落实工作的难度就显得尤为突出。
三、我旗农技推广体系创新的建议
1、改革农技推广体制
在机构设臵上要明确行政执法、社会公益及一般推广机构的性质。合理设臵机构，对公共性法律法规授权、委托执法和行政管理的机构，应由财政全额供养；对经营性机构应大力扶持，实行企业化管理。种植业推广机构要设臵跨乡镇的区域站或乡镇站，作为旗级推广机构的派出机构，全旗统一重新定编、定岗，根据实际工作需要，旗级农技中心因工作量大，要增加现有编制，核定50人为宜，乡镇推广机构要以区域站或乡镇站的形式设臵，6 区域站以邻近的两个乡镇设立。因我旗耕地面积116万亩，主要种植小麦、玉米、向日葵、马铃薯、胡麻、麻子、甘草、苹果、葡萄、杏、李，以种植面积1万亩设臵一名农技人员，推广机构区域站建设8—10个，每站15—20人或乡镇站每站5—10人为宜，管理权限归属旗级或农业行政部门主管。
2、创新农技推广管理机制
对社会公益性推广机构一是要按专业定岗定编，并确保专业人员比例不少于80%；二是要对专业人员定期进行培训，实行再教育，培养综合型人才；三是按专业岗位择优聘用，对推广人员由身份管理向岗位管理转变；四是对专业技术职称评定实行评聘分开，不搞终身制；五是不管实行乡镇农技推广区域站还是乡镇站都应明确县级政府和农业主管部门的管理职责，便于农技推广工作的统筹安排。
3、保证必需的财政供给，增加农技推广资金投入 各级财政要加大对农业推广计划的支持力度，增加财政支农资金用于农技推广的份额。实践证明，能否保证财政供给是关乎农技推广机构能否全面地履行公益性职能的先决条件，只有经费的足额投入，才能增强农业科技推广服务功能，有效地为广大农民服务。
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