第一篇:英语诗歌精选
导语:慢慢品读英语诗歌,感受诗歌的魅力。下面是小编整理的英语诗歌,供各位阅读和参考。
1、Rain 雨
Rain is falling all around,雨儿在到处降落,It falls on field and tree,它落在田野和树梢,It rains on the umbrella here,它落在这边的雨伞上,And on the ships at sea.又落在航行海上的船只.2、Never give up 永不放弃
Never give up, Never lose hope.永 不 放 弃 , 永 不 心 灰 意 冷.Always have faith, It allows you to cope.永 存 信 念 , 它 会 使 你 应 付 自 如.Trying times will pass,As they always do.难 捱 的 时 光 终 将 过 去 ,一 如 既 往.Just have patience, Your dreams will come true.只 要 有 耐 心 , 梦 想 就 会 成 真.So put on a smile, You'll live through your pain.露 出 微 笑 , 你 会 走 出 痛 苦.Know it will pass, And strength you will gain
相 信 苦 难 定 会 过 去 , 你 将 重 获 力 量.3、A Grain of Sand 一粒沙子
William Blake
威廉.布莱克
To see a world in a grain of sand,从一粒沙子看到一个世界,And a heaven in a wild fllower,从一朵野花看到一个天堂,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,把握在你手心里的就是无限,And eternity in an hour.永恒也就消融于一个时辰
4、Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 雪夜林畔驻马
By Robert Frost
罗伯特.弗罗斯特
Whose woods these are I think I know.我想我知道这是谁的树林.His house is in the village though;
他的家虽在那边乡村;
He will not see me stopping here
他看不到我驻足在此地,To watch his woods fill up with snow.伫望他的树林白雪无垠.My little horse must think it queer
我的小马一定会觉得离奇,To stop without a farmhouse near
停留于旷无农舍之地,Between the woods and frozen lake
在这树林和冰湖中间
The darkest evening of the year.一年中最昏暗的冬夕.He gives his harness bells a shake
它将它的佩铃朗朗一牵
To ask if there is some mistake.问我有没有弄错了地点.The only other sound's the sweep
此外但闻微风的拂吹
Of easy wind and downy flake.和纷如鹅毛的雪片
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.这树林真可爱,黝黑而深邃.But I have promises to keep,可是我还要赶好几英里路才能安睡,And miles to go before I sleep,还要赶好几英里才能安睡.And miles to go before I sleep.5、ALWAYS HAVE A DREAM 总是有一个梦想
Forget about the days when it's been cloudy.忘掉你失意的日子,But don't forget your hours in the sun.但不要忘记黄金的时光.Forget about the times you have been defeated.忘掉你的一次次失败,But don't forget the victories you have won.但不要忘记你夺取的胜利.Forget about the misfortunes you have encountered.忘掉你遭遇的不幸,But don't forget the times your luck has turned.但不要忘记你的时来运转.Forget about the days when you have been lonely.忘掉你的孤独日子,But don't forget the friendly smiles you have seen.但不要忘记你得到的友善微笑.Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right.忘掉你没有得以顺利实施的计划,But don't forget to always have a dream.但不要放弃你的梦想
6、THE CUCKOO 布谷鸟
In April, 四月里,Come he will, 它就来了,In May, 五月里,Sing all day, 整天吟唱多逍遥,In June, 六月里,Change his tune, 它在改变曲调,In July, 七月里,Prepare to fly, 准备飞翔,In August, 八月里,Go he must!它就得离去了!
7、Boats Sail On The Rivers
Boats sail on the rivers, 小舟在河上航行,And ships sail on the seas;大船在海中操轮,But clouds that sail across the sky, 然而白云飘过天空时,Are prettier far than these.比这些更为悦人.8、The Star 星星
Twinkle, twinkle, little star!闪耀,闪耀,小星星!
How I wonder what you are, 我想知道你身形,Up above the world so high, 高高挂在天空中,Like a diamond in the sky.就像天上的钻石.(2)
When the blazing sun is gone, 灿烂太阳已西沉,When he nothing shines upon, 它已不再照万物,Then you show your little light, 你就显露些微光,Twinkle, twinkle all the night.整个晚上眨眼睛.(3)
The dark blue sky you keep 留恋漆黑的天空
And often thro' my curtains peep, 穿过窗帘向我望,For you never shut your eye 永不闭上你眼睛
Till the sun is in the sky.直到太阳又现形.(4)
'Tis your bright and tiny spark 你这微亮的火星,Lights the traveler in the dark;黑夜照耀着游人,Though I know not what you are 虽我不知你身形,Twinkle, twinkle, little star!闪耀,闪耀,小星星!
第二篇:英语诗歌
献给年轻人哲理小诗:If 《如果》(双语)
哲理 双语诗歌 【字体:小 大】
芸芸众生,谁不想成功,谁不想令世人瞩目,诗人在诗中展示了成功背后,包含多少辛酸,经历多少磨难,忍受多少痛楚。有道是“天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨”。如果我们能正视成功前的种种困难,勇于接受挑战;失败了,何畏惧,重头再来。那样,我们便成为了一个顶天立地之人。If — Rudyard Kipling 如果 —— 拉迪亚德·吉卜林
IF you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;如果周围的人毫无理性地向你发难,你仍能镇定自若保持冷静; IF you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too;如果众人对你心存猜忌,你仍能自信如常并认为他们的猜忌情有可原;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, 如果你肯耐心等待不急不躁,Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, 或遭人诽谤却不以牙还牙,Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, 或遭人憎恨却不以恶报恶;
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;既不装腔作势,亦不气盛趾高;
If you can dreamand not make thoughts your aim;如果你有神思,而又不走火入魔;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same;如果你坦然面对胜利和灾难,对虚渺的胜负荣辱胸怀旷荡; If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, 如果你能忍受有这样的无赖,歪曲你的口吐真言蒙骗笨汉,Or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools;或看着心血铸就的事业崩溃,仍能忍辱负重脚踏实地重新攀登; If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, 如果你敢把取得的一切胜利,为了更崇高的目标孤注一掷,And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;面临失去,决心从头再来而绝口不提自己的损失;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, 如果人们早已离你而去,你仍能坚守阵地奋力前驱,And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them:“Hold on”;身上已一无所有,唯存意志在高喊“顶住”; If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, 如果你跟平民交谈而不变谦虚之态, Or walk with kings如果你能惜时如金利用每一分钟不可追回的光阴; Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, 那么,你的修为就会如天地般博大,并拥有了属于自己的世界,Andyou'll be a Man my son!更重要的是:孩子,你成为了真正顶天立地之人!
把平凡做到极致便不再平凡
Your presence is a present to the world 你的存在是献给世界的一份礼物 You’re unique and one of a kind 你是唯一的,无可替代
Your life can be what you want it to be 你能够主宰你的自己的生活
Take the days just one at a time 日子要一天天好好的过
Count your blessings, not your trouble 常想想你的幸福,忘掉你的烦恼
You’ll make it through whatever comes along 不管遇到什么困难,你最终都能克服 Within you are so many answers Understand , have courage be strong 学会理解,勇敢 坚强 Don’t put limits on yourself 不要自我设限
So many dreams are waiting to be realized 有许多梦想等待你去实现
Decisions are too important to leave to chance 要果断抉择,不要听天由命
Reach for your peak your goal your prize 要攀登自己的高峰,实现目标 争取荣誉 Nothing wastes more energy than worring 没有比杞人忧天更消耗精力的了
The longer one carries a problem, the heavier it 包袱背得越久,越沉重
Don’t take things too seriously 不要对一切太过在意
Remember that a lot… goes forever 而还有更多的爱… 将会永存
Live a life of serenity, not a life of regrets 过平静的生活,而不是懊悔的生活
gets Remember that a little love goes along way 记住,友谊是一种明智的投资
Life’s treasures are people … together 朋友的相聚是生命的财富 Realize that it’s never to late 要认识到一切都不会太晚
Do ordinary things in an extraordinary way 把平凡的事做的不平凡。
Have health and hope and happiness 拥有健康、希望、幸福。
Take time to wish upon a star 花点时间向星空许个愿吧。如果你还在这个世界上存在着,那么这个世界无论怎么样,对我都是有意义的;但是如果你不在了,无论这个世界多美好,他在我眼里也只是一片荒漠,而我就象一个孤魂野鬼。And don’t ever forever … for even a day… 而且永远不要忘记......一天都不要
泰戈尔:世界上最遥远的距离(中英对照)泰戈尔 诗歌经典
爱情诗歌
诺贝尔文学奖 【字体:小 大】
By The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not between life and death
不是生与死
But when I stand in front of you
而是 我就站在你面前
Yet you don't know that I love you
你却不知道我爱你
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not when I stand in front of you
不是 我就站在你面前
Yet you can't see my love
你却不知道我爱你
But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both
而是 明明知道彼此相爱
Yet cannot be together
却不能在一起
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not being apart while being in love
不是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起
But when painly cannot resist the yearning
而是 明明无法抵挡这股思念
Yet pretending you have never been in my heart
却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not but using one's indifferent heart
不是 明明无法抵挡这股思念 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里
To dig an uncrossable river
而是 用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人
For the one who loves you
掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠
第三篇:英语诗歌
世界上最远的距离
泰戈尔
世界上最远的距离
The most distant way in the world 不是生与死的距离
is not the way from birth to the end 而是我站在你面前
It is when I sit near you 你不知道我爱你
that you don't understand I love you.世界上最远的距离
The most distant way in the world 不是我站在你面前
is not that you're not sure I love you.你不知道我爱你
而是爱到痴迷
It is when my love is bewildering the soul 却不能说出我爱你
but I can't speak it out
世界上最远的距离
The most distant way in the world 不是我不能说我爱你 is not that I can't say I love you.而是想你痛彻心脾
It is after looking into my heart 却只能深埋心底
I can't change my love.世界上最远的距离
The most distant way in the world 不是我不能说我想你 is not that I'm loving you.而是彼此相爱
It is in our love 却不能够在一起
we are keeping between the distance.世界上最远的距离
The most distant way in the world 不是彼此相爱
is not the distance across us.却不能够在一起
而是明知道真爱无敌 It is when we're breaking through the way 却装作毫不在意
we deny the existence of love.世界上最远的距离
So the most distant way in the world 不是树与树的距离
is not in two distant trees.而是同根生长的树枝 It is the same rooted branches 却无法在风中相依
can't enjoy the co-existence.世界上最远的距离
So the most distant way in the world 不是树枝无法相依
is not in the being separated branches.而是相互了望的星星 It is in the blinking stars 却没有交汇的轨迹
they can't burn the light.世界上最远的距离
So the most distant way in the world 不是星星之间的轨迹 is not the burning stars.而是纵然轨迹交汇
It is after the light 却在瞬间无处寻觅
they can't be seen from afar.世界上最远的距离
So the most distant way in the world 不是瞬间便无处寻觅 is not the light that is fading away.而是尚未相遇
It is the coincidence of us 便注定无法相聚
is not supposed for the love.世界上最远的距离
So the most distant way in the world 是鱼与飞鸟的距离
is the love between the fish and bird.一个在天
One is flying at the sky, 一个却深潜海底
the other is looking upon into the sea.Who is using the arm of Qiu Jin, for us to put up a brilliant sky? Who is using the hard-working hands, happy for us to build a home? Are you, father, a great name but Ordinary!Father of a mountain, broad-minded, the father of rivers to accommodate an umbrella for us so that we stay away from disaster Father of a vessel, carrying us, brave the wind and waves, love towards the Harbor!In the eyes of his daughter, the father is more like you are leaning against a tree in spring can love you like fantasy Ganlu drop, moisten with my heart;Through the summer to enjoy your love, like bursts of breeze, the wind blowing softly beside him;Taught me to become ripe autumn, your love is to me is that the rich fruits of success Taught me to become a strong winter, you love the sun are continuously given me confidence and strength!
Spring, summer, autumn and winter, the sun traces of rotation time, quietly climbed up the wind and rain on your face honed, so that you can not forget the vicissitudes of war, you can not forget the scene earnest instructions, you sent her daughter to ride back to school is not to be forgotten, his daughter Late when your eyes can not forget the sad, sick daughter face up when you forget the worries of the scenes, the father and daughter is not to be forgotten......If the situation can be life-cycle the next life, I also make your daughter!
At this moment I just want to hear you say: Father, I love you!This is the voice of a daughter, the father of the world to wish his mother in good health!
是谁,用虬劲的臂膀,为我们撑起一片灿烂的天空?
是谁,用勤劳的双手,为我们构建一个幸福的家园?
是您,父亲,一个平凡而又伟大的名字!
父亲一座山,胸怀宽广,容纳百川;父亲一把伞,为我们遮风挡雨,使我们远离灾难
父亲一艘船,载着我们,乘风破浪,驶向爱的港湾!
在女儿的眼里,父亲您更像是一棵树春天能倚着幻想您的爱像滴滴甘露,滋润着我的心房;
夏天能靠着乘凉您的爱像阵阵凉风,轻轻地拂过身旁;
秋天教我变得成熟,您的爱是累累硕果让我看到成功的希望
冬天教我变得坚强,您的爱是缕缕阳光赋予我自信和力量!
春夏秋冬,日月轮转时光的痕迹,悄悄爬上您的脸庞风雨的磨砺,使您饱经沧桑忘不了,您谆谆教导的情景忘不了,您骑车载送女儿上学的背影忘不了,女儿迟归时您目光中的忧愁忘不了,女儿生病时您脸庞上的担心忘不了的一幕幕,忘不了的父女情……如果生命可以轮回,来生我还做您的女儿!
此时此刻我只想在您耳边说一句:爸爸,我爱您!这是一个女儿的心声,祝愿天下的父亲母亲身体健康!
Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again
--by Xu Zhimo
再别康桥 徐志摩
Very quietly I take my leave
As quietly as I came here;
Quietly I wave good-bye
To the rosy clouds in the western sky.The golden willows by the riverside
Are young brides in the setting sun;
Their reflections on the shimmering waves
Always linger in the depth of my heart.The floating heart growing in the sludge
Sways leisurely under the water;
In the gentle waves of Cambridge
I would be a water plant!
That pool under the shade of elm trees
Holds not water but the rainbow from the sky;
Shattered to pieces among the duckweeds
Is the sediment of a rainbow-like dream?
To seek a dream? Just to pole a boat upstream
To where the green grass is more verdant;
Or to have the boat fully loaded with starlight
And sing aloud in the splendor of starlight.But I cannot sing aloud
Quietness is my farewell music;
Even summer insects heap silence for me
Silent is Cambridge tonight!
Very quietly I take my leave
As quietly as I came here;
Gently I flick my sleeves
Not even a wisp of cloud will I bring away
Help:
Rosy: adj.蔷薇色的, 玫瑰红色的
Shimmering: adj.微微发亮的
Sludge: n.软泥, 淤泥, 矿泥, 煤泥
Leisurely: adv.从容不迫
Duckweeds: n.[植] 浮萍
轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来;
我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩。
那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘;
波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾。
软泥上的青荇,油油的在水底招摇;
在康河的柔波里,我甘心做一条水草!
那榆荫下的一潭,不是清泉,是天上虹
揉碎在浮藻间,沉淀着彩虹似的梦。
寻梦?撑一支长篙,向青草更青处漫溯,满载一船星辉,在星辉斑斓里放歌。
但我不能放歌,悄悄是别离的笙箫;
夏虫也为我沉默,沉默是今晚的康桥。
悄悄的我走了,正如我悄悄的来; 我挥一挥衣袖,不带走一片云彩。
第四篇:六一儿童节英语诗歌
kids(who bring you a complete life)
When you have a kid
who you care so much
that anything he wants
comes before your own desires
When you have a kid
who is so much in need for your affection and understanding that
no matter what is bothering him
you're willing to do anything to make him smile
When you have a kid
who is so dependent on you that
no matter what obstacles you face
you have to be forever confident in front of him
giving him the sense of security
When you have a kid
whatever your goals are for your life
you're so willing to put him ahead before all your goals
sometimes even give up your dreams for his needs
but you'd consider yourself lucky indeed
being in love with someone in this wide world so deep
you try to make everything easy for him to grow up into a loving,strong adultThank god for giving me this chance
let me experience what love,giving,and voluntary sacrifice are all about
After all of the things I've done for him
who changed my whole world dramaticly
I come to understand what a complete life is like.magical kids.
第五篇:英语诗歌基础知识
英诗基础知识
读英文诗歌相当不容易。其中的主要原因是诗歌有其独特的语言特点和表达方式,与散文有明显区别。为更好地欣赏英文诗歌,很有必要了解一些相关的基本知识。这方面的知识极其细致,以下只介绍一些最基本的。
一.节奏
诗歌是具有音乐性的语言。音乐作品的最大特点之一是音符的流动是有节奏的。所谓节奏就是强拍和弱拍按一定的形式配合起来,有规律地反复出现。懂点音乐的人都知道,音乐中基本的节奏有两种,即强——弱(2/4拍)和强——弱——弱(3/4拍)。举两个简单的例子:
《东方红》的节奏就是强——弱:56│2 —│1 16│2 —│5 5│6i 65│1 16│2 —│
《新年好》(HAPPY NEW YEAR)这首儿歌的节奏是强——弱——弱:
1 5 │33 3 1│13 5 5 │43 2 │23 4 4 │32 3 1│13 2 5│ 72 1 —│
中国古诗有节奏。其节奏主要是通过汉字特有的声 调表现出来的。传统汉语中的声调有四:平、上、去、入。平声称“平声”,上、去、入三声统称仄声。平声与仄声结合起来反复出现,就是中国诗歌的节奏。如一首五言绝句,其最常见的节奏是:
仄仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。
平平平仄仄,仄仄仄平平。
王之涣《等鹳雀楼》:
白日依山尽,黄河入海流。欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
此诗即是这样的节奏。其中“欲”字是仄声,与格式不合。但根据格律要求,诗行中的第一字可平可 仄。
英文诗歌也有节奏。英文没有平声、仄声之分,但有重读轻读音节之分,其节奏是通过重读音节与轻读音节表现出来的。一个重读音节与一个或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来,有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。
我们知道凡是有两个以上音节的英文单词,都有重读音节与轻读音节之分,在一句话中,根据语法、语调、语意的要求,有些词也要重读,有些要轻读。如he went to town to buy a book.I’m glad to hear the news.英文中有重读和轻读之分,重读的音节和轻读的音节,按一定模式配合起来,反复再现,组成诗句,听起来起伏跌宕,抑扬顿挫,就形成了诗歌的节奏。多音节单词有重音和次重音,次重音根据节奏既可视为重读,也可视为轻读。读下面这两句诗:
Alone │she cuts │and binds│ the grain,And sings │a me│lancho│ly strain.这两行诗的重读与轻读的固定搭配模式是:轻—重。在每行中再现四次,这样就形成了这两行诗的节奏。某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步”(foot),相当与乐谱中的“小节”。一轻一重,就是这两行诗的音步。一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数,这两行诗的音步数都是四,所以就称其为四音步诗。
二.常见的音步类型
分析英文诗歌的格律就是将它的句子划分成音步,并分清是何种音步及音步的数量。这个过程称为scansion。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节,但不能少于两个或多于三个音节,而且其中只有一个必须重读。根据音步的数量,每一行一个音步的称为“单音步”(monometer);每一诗行有两个音步的,称“双音步”(dimeter);三个音步的,称“三音步”(trimeter);此外还有四音步(tetrameter)、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。1.一首诗(a poem)往往包含有若干诗节(stanza或strophe),每节又分为若干行(line 或verse),每个诗行由若干音步(foot)组成,音步则是由一定数目的重读音节和非重读音节按照一定规律排列而成。
音步的排列方式构成英诗的格律(meter 或 measure)。
诗的各行音步数目不定,诗行按音步数量分为以下几种:(浅说: P 2)一音步(monometer)二音步(dimeter)三音步(trimeter)四音步(tetrameter)五音步(pentameter)六音步(hexameter)七音步(heptameter)八音步(octameter)
超过八音步的诗行在英语诗歌中较为少见。
2.依照每一音步中重读音节(扬)和非重读音节(抑)的排列方式,可以把音步分成不同种类,即格律。(See浅说P.4)a)抑扬格(Iambus;the Iambic Foot):一个音步由
一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
b)b)扬抑格(Trochee;the Trochaic Foot):一个音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。c)扬抑抑格(Dactyl):一个音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。
d)抑抑扬格(Anapest;the Anapestic Foot):一个音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
不常见的几种格律
e)抑扬抑格(Amphibrach;the Amphibrachy Foot):一个音步由三个音节组成,其中第一、三个音节为非重读音节,第二个音节为重读音节。
f)扬扬格(Spondee):一个音步由两个重读音节构成。g)抑抑格(Pyrrhic):一个音步由两个非重读音节构成。
3.音步也有完整和不完整之分。诗行中每个音步的格律都相同,则为完整音步(actalectic foot);如果诗行最末一个音步缺少一个音节,则为不完整音步(cactalectic)。
4.音步的数目与格律结合起来,又可进一步细分为许 多小类,如抑扬格一音步(iambic monometer),扬抑格一音步(trochaic monometer),抑抑扬格三音步(anapestic trimeter),扬抑格四音步(trochaic tetrameter),抑扬格五音步(iambic pentameter),扬抑格六音步(trochaic hexameter)等。
从音步数目上看,三音步、四音步和五音步最为常见,尤其是抑扬格五抑,如十四行诗体(sonnet)、英雄双行体(heroic couplet)、素体诗或无韵诗(blank verse)等均以抑扬格五音步的诗行写成。
音步是轻读与重读构成的。根据重读与轻读搭配的方式的不同,可以划分出不同的音步类型。音步类型不同,节奏自然也不同。四种最常见的英语诗歌音步类型 / 格律:
先说关于音节的划分
英语中音节的划分非常简单:辅音(类似于汉语中的声母)不能单独构成音节,元音(类似于汉语中的韵母)却可以。在一个词中,有几个元音音素 有几个元音音素(不是元音字母),就有几个音节。
一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。
英语的词有一个音节的,两个音节的,多个音节的,一个音节叫单音节,两个音节叫双音节,三个音节以上叫多音节。
划分音节需要注意几点:
(1)2个辅音连在一起的时候视为一个辅音对待,如果第二辅音后还有元音则把第二个辅音计入到下一个音节中;(2)2个元音连在一起的时候视为一个元音(多元音),当然视之为2个元音也是没错的,只不过习惯于当成一个来处理。所以,一般来讲,两个辅音之间不管有多少元音,都看成一个音节,如flower。
(一)抑扬格
如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为轻,后者为重,则这种音步叫抑扬格音步,其专业术语是(iamb, iambic.)。轻读是“抑”,重读是“扬”,一轻一重,故称抑扬格。
英语中有大量的单词,其发音都是一轻一重,如adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides, attack, supply, believe, return等,所以用英语写诗,用抑扬格就很便利。也就是说,抑扬格很符合英语的发音规律。因此,在英文诗歌中用得最多的便是抑扬格,百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。前面的那两句诗就是抑扬格诗。
(二)扬抑格
如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为重,后者为轻,则这种音步叫扬抑格音步,其专业术语是(trochee, trochaic.)。重读是“扬”,轻读是“抑”,一重一轻,故称扬抑格。与抑扬格恰好相反。
英语中也有一批其读音为一重一轻的单词,如Happy, many, holy, yonder, headlong, flaming, upper, grandeur, failing等。写扬抑格的诗,此类词正好合适。但这类词在英语中其数量不及前面的那些多,与英文的语言规律 不十分吻合,所以扬抑格诗不多。举两句诗例:
Present │mirth has │present │laughter
_____ Shakespeare
Shake your │chains to │earth like │dew
______Shelley
(三)抑抑扬格
抑抑扬格含三个音节,即轻——轻——重,专门
术语是:Anapaest, anapaestic
例词:
cavalier, intercede, disbelieve, reappear, disapprove,indistinct, on the hill.例句:
(拜伦的以下四行诗是抑抑扬格:)
The Assyr│ian came down │like the wolf │on the fold,And his coh│orts were glea│ming in purp│le and gold;
And the sheen│ of their spears │was like stars │on the
sea,When the blue │waves rolls night│ly on deep │Galilee.——Destruction of Sennacherib
这是拜伦写的描述古代亚述人围攻耶路撒冷,被瘟疫所袭的诗的一节。第四行第二音步中的waves 一词可 轻可重。诗题中的Sennacherib 是亚述国王。fold 指羊群,purple and gold 描写亚述军队的服饰,Galilee,巴勒斯坦北部的加利利湖。cohorts军团,sheen,光芒。
(四)扬抑抑格
重——轻——轻是扬抑抑格,专门术语是:dactyl, dactylic.例词:
happily, merciful, eloquent, messenger, merrily,properly, accident, quantity.例句:
Dragging the │corn by her │golden hair._____ Davies: the villain.英文诗歌中的音步类型有十几种之多,常见者即此四种,第一种则最常见。此外诗句中也常有抑抑格(pyrrhic[/peirik]和扬扬格(spondee[/sp :ndi])出现。
需要说明的是,这些音步类型只是理论上的分析,实际上,一首诗仅用一种音步类型写,这种情况极少见,大多是以某一种为主,同时穿插其他类型。如果一首诗只含有一种音步,就会显得非常单调机械。一首诗只要是以某种类型为主的,尽管有其他类型穿插其中,也称此诗为某某格。如,以抑扬格为主要节奏写成的,就称此诗为抑扬格诗。现代兴起的一些自由诗(FREE VERSE),不受这些格律的限制。
三.诗行
(一)一诗行不一定是一个完整的句字。
英文诗每行的第一个字母都大写,但是一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子,不一定能表达一个完整的意思。有时候,一行诗正好是一句,有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的句子。前者叫end-stopped line(结句行),后者叫run-on line.(跨行句)。这是英文诗与中国诗的最大区别之一。中国诗歌都是一行表达一个完整的意思。看下面一节诗:
I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.前两行是end-stopped line,后两行是run-on line。读跨行句诗,行末停顿较短。
跨行句在英文诗歌中极其普遍,有时十来行才成一完整句子。刚学英文诗的人,对此往往不习惯。对此我们需加注意。
(二)诗行的长短以音步数目计算:
英文诗行的长度范围一般是一音步—五音步。六、七、八音步的诗行也有,但不多。最多的是四音步、五音步的诗。
(各种长短诗行的专门术语:一音步诗:monometer 二音步诗:dimeter三音步诗:trimeter四音步诗:tetrameter 五音步诗:pentameter 六音步诗:hexameter 七音步诗:heptameter八音步诗:octameter.)
在分析一首诗的格律时,既要考虑此诗的基本音步类型,也要考虑此诗中诗行的音步数目。看下面的一首短诗:
An EMPTY HOUSE
______Alexander Pope
You beat│your pate, │and fan│cy wit │will come:
Knock as│you please, │there’s no│body│at home.(你拍拍脑袋,以为灵感马上就来。可任你怎么敲打,也无人把门打开。pate,脑袋。fancy,动词:以为,想象。)
此诗的基本音步类型是抑扬格,每行五音步。因此称此诗的格律是“抑扬格五音步”(iambic pentameter)。一首诗的音步类型和诗行所含的音步数目构成此诗的格律(meter)。
四.压韵(rhyme)
英文诗一般都押韵。
(一)全韵与半韵(full rhyme and half rhyme)。
全韵是严格的押韵,其要求是:
(1)韵要押在重读音节上,其元音应相同;
(2)元音前的辅音应不同;
(3)如果元音之后有辅音,应相同。
(4)重读音节之后如有轻读音节,也应相同。
下面几对词都符合全韵的标准:
why---sigh;hate---late;fight---delight;powers---flowers;today---away;ending---bending.***如果仅是元音字母相同,读音不同,不符合全韵:如:
blood----hood;there---here;gone---alone;daughter----laughter.这种情形被称为“眼韵”(eye rhyme),虽然诗人有时用之,但不是真正的押韵。仅是辅音相同或仅是元音相同的属半韵:
元音不同,其前后的辅音相同,这叫谐辅韵(consonance)如:black, block;creak, croak;reader, rider;despise, dispose.元音相同,其后的辅音相同者叫谐元韵(assonance),如lake, fate;time, mind.(二)尾韵与行内韵(end rhyme and internal rhyme)
押在诗行最后一个重读音节上,叫尾韵。这是英文诗歌最常见的押韵部位。诗行中间停顿处 的重读音节与该行最后一个重读音节押韵者,叫行内韵。如:
Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,(三)男韵与女韵((masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme)
所押的韵音局限于诗行中重读的末尾音节上,称 男韵,也叫单韵,听起来强劲有力。如:late,fate;hill, fill;enjoy, destroy.押韵押在两个音节上,后一音节非重读音节,称女韵,也叫双韵,听起来或轻快,或幽婉。
如:lighting, fighting;motion, ocean;wining, beginning.看下面一节诗:
I am coming, little maiden,With the pleasant sunshine laden;
With the honey for the bee,With the blossom for the tree.前两行押女韵,后两行押男韵。
也有不少英文诗是不押韵的,不押韵的诗称无韵诗或白体诗(blank verse)。多用在戏剧和叙事诗中。莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的Paradise Lost 都是用blank verse写成的。押韵的诗叫rhymed verse。无韵诗不同与自由诗。无韵诗虽不押韵,但是有固定节奏,以扬抑格五音步最常见。自由诗节奏不固定,如同白话。