第一篇:篮球论文
论篮球投篮
投篮是篮球运动的主要进攻技术,是得分很重要的一种手段。比赛中进攻队员运用其他各种进攻技术、战术的目的,都是为了创造更多更好的进攻机会,力求投中得分。而投篮得分多少决定一场比赛的胜负,因此,掌握好投篮技术并不断的提高投篮命中率,对于在比赛中取胜具有十分重要的意义。
今天单手原地投篮主要用于罚球,或试图发动3分投篮。尽管用得不太多,但却是当今最流行的跳投的基础,也是某些上篮的基础。
所有基本投篮虽然密切联系,但我试图为每种投篮专立一章:罚球、跳投、跑篮、勾手投篮和投篮,并把每种投篮技术分成以下几个要点:
(1)瞄篮
投篮时瞄篮点在哪里?你的眼睛应注视篮圈的后沿部分。当看这一点时,就能投进网里。许多教练教队员瞄篮圈前缘一点,那么做,你不得不比瞄篮点投得更远些。应该每次都投向瞄篮点,犹如神投手一样
(2)站位
不管是罚球还是跳投,你站位正确吗?如果右手投篮,右脚应直接指向篮圈中央。罚球情况下应把右脚放在罚球线中点,稍前于左脚。最重要的是感觉自己站位舒适。请记住,你要培养的是稳定性,而这来源于习惯,来源于感觉舒适和自然。
(3)持球
持球要小心,用手指和掌根触球,手掌心不得触球。在球与手之间应有空隙,这样才能感觉柔和。用指端控制住球,不要太紧。
(4)膝
我提倡罚球时稍微屈膝即可。像其它投篮,膝关节必须保持稳定与一致。基本前提就是:投篮越简单,动作就越小,获得一致的稳定出手的机会就越好。
球出手与出手后手的跟随动作
出手要柔和、流畅,不要猛然用力,否则会使球离手太快,这样命中率就下降。要使球柔和人网,球应从指端出手,自然离开手指,如果球触手掌,球就不能柔和地触篮圈。
(5)弧线
如果球触篮圈后又弹回来,这告诉你投篮太平,即弧度不够。弧度不够使球不能柔和触及篮圈。罚球时弧线的最高点应在篮圈上3——4英尺(约1米),投得越远,弧线就相应高一点。
(6)眼睛注视(球出手后)
眼睛是否跟随球的飞行曲线?这是一个普遍的毛病。不要把眼睛集中于球的飞行——投手注视球飞行就容易在球出手前偏离目标,这样就影响命中率。
(7)球的旋转
和弧度一样,球的旋转取决于球离篮圈的距离。罚球线左右的球,在到达篮圈前应旋转一周到一周半。如果没有适当的后旋,就会使球碰及篮圈后向外而不落入球网内。
(8)自信心 适当的练习带来成功,从而给人自信,而自信又使你深信练习的效果,并继续练习。这是一个美妙的循环。大多数优秀的投手投前就心中有数,有的放矢。带着自信心站在罚球线前吧。
下面是我的经验:
第一点, 要有合适的姿势.何为合适的姿势? 个人认为, 姿势不一定要完全标准, 但一定要适合自己.找到最适合自己的姿势是整个投篮命中率的基础.我曾经受一个三分射手的指导, 改正过投篮姿势, 结果当天命中率就上升了很多.可见姿势的重要性.我来讲讲一些注意的要点.三个“90”度还是很重要的.即当做好投篮姿势时, 投篮手的大臂和躯干, 小臂和大臂, 手背和小臂都呈90度.即肩, 肘, 腕关节都保持90度.最好能做到第4个90度, 即出手后手心和小臂也能呈90度.关于肘部要不要内收的问题: 投篮姿势中由于人体生理结构的原因, 当将球置于头顶正上方的话,整个肘部必然是向外开, 这种情况下出手, 手臂舒展的方向和球的运行方向并不一致, 常常导致出手的不稳定及命中率的不高.而肘部内收的结果又是整个身体的不舒适, 也会倒置姿势的不稳定, 怎么办呢? 我的体会是内收会好一些.我在高中阶段, 由于右手的受伤曾经不自觉的改变了姿势, 使得出手时肘部的向外开, 虽然投熟之后, 原地不起跳的命中率极高, 但是一旦跳投, 出手无法自如调整, 命中率就无法提高.而一旦记住肘部内收之后, 整个肩肘腕和篮筐都处于一条直线上, 只要调整好出球的弧度, 一般都能投进.而身体的不舒适在一段时间后就可以适应.假如你采用了肘部内收的手段, 你会发现手不能完全置于头顶上方, 完全正确, 其实正确的姿势并不是将球置于头顶, 而是偏向投篮手一侧, 如果右手是投篮手则将球置于头顶右侧, 站立时右脚比左脚稍前, 整个身体向左侧到身体舒服的角度, 头向右稍转,此时, 你的视线应和肘肩腕筐一线.在这种情况下, 只要你用力将球顺着手臂的生理结果展开抛出, 怎么会偏开篮筐呢?
第二点: 瞄准点, 一般人都习惯瞄篮的前筐(现在的我也是), 有文章说神射手大多瞄篮的后筐, 原因是那才是篮球最终要落下的地方.其实瞄哪儿只是个人的习惯大不必统一, 但是我最准的时候瞄的是很奇怪的位置.瞄的是我出手后球的最高点.我们知道球在空中会划一道弧线, 最终落入篮筐.弧线越高就越容易落入篮筐.当瞄准点在筐上时, 你的球一定时会低弧(甚至直线)以准确的击中你的瞄准点, 只有不断的练习后才能掌握让球下落时才击中瞄准点.弧度才得以提高.但是如果你最开始瞄得就是最高点, 你的球就一直是以高弧度下落, 提高了入筐的可能性.当然是需要一段时间来找到这个最适合你的最高点的.我当时大概十分钟就找到了.所以命中率提高的极快.然而在我受伤后再上场, 由于姿势的变化, 瞄准点也变成了前筐, 弧度也降低了不少.现在习惯低弧后再想瞄最高点已经没意义了.所以如果你投篮弧度已经稳定, 就不要再想尝试这种瞄准的方法了.第三点: 手型.手型也很重要, 投篮手手指舒展开, 手指稳住球, 手心不要碰到篮球, 出手时手腕抖球, 让球顺着手指出去, 最后手指下压, 让球后旋, 让球从食指和中指之间离开手, 整个动作就完成了.当然最后离开的手指也因人而异, 个人习惯罢了.这个过程决定了球能否成直线, 旋转着出手, 所以一定要稳定, 这是关键 第四点: 节奏, 找到最适合的自己的节奏, 力量从脚上一直传到手臂到手腕到手指, 一气呵成, 不要停顿, 让力量以能控制的最大限度的作用在球上.这样才能最大限度的加大自己的射程.跳投的时候对节奏掌握更重要, 有时候你到最高点时已经没有力量了, 怎么办? 一方面增加自己的手臂力量, 另外, 提早出手, 并不是一定要最高点出手的, 能投进才是关键
第二篇:篮球论文
篮球运动对大学生健身价值
姓名: 专业班级:
摘要:篮球运动是作为强身健体的游戏项目和挑战人体极限的竞技运动项目而存在和发展的。竞技篮球运动追求的是挑战人体极限,具有更强的观赏性;健身篮球运动的目标是普通人的“身心两健”。目前的体育科学对篮球运动健身的理论研究较为贫乏,因此本文从社会学的角度讨论篮球运动的健身的相关问题,并弄清篮球运动健身的发展趋势,以求明确篮球运动健身存在的现实意义,以求为篮球运动健身的发展提供新的思路与方法。
关键词:篮球运动 大学生 健身价值
当今社会,人的生活方式也产生了很大的变化主要表现为:大量的体力劳动由机器完成脑力劳动的时间大量增加体力活动的机会减少、工作分散化、社会交往的难度增加、闲暇时间增多。生活环境和生活方式的变化在使人的生活更舒适的同时也带来了一系列的问题:一是人体机能的退化,由于缺乏体力活动人体各机能的活动经常在保证基本生理需要的水平线以下,出现了各种各样的“文明病”,长此以往不仅影响个人的生活质量更对人类的生息繁衍不利。二是心理健康水平下降在信息化社会中人们在智力水平上的竞争日趋激烈要承受巨大的心理压力。加之缺乏必要的正常的社会交往人的心理问题较之以往更为普通和严重。人们对参与体育运动的价值认识也发生变化。世界卫生组织提出:是体育成为健康生活方式的基石。体育生活化成为人们的共识。体育进入日常生活,最佳的运动可以是参与者达到专注的状态,注意力集中于运动过程的心理体验忘记了生活和工作中的烦恼,忘记了时间、人与环境、人与人融为一体无疑是一次心理的净化似有找到精神家园的感觉。研究发现运动锻炼可以使个体的主观紧张提体验降低:减轻焦虑状态:使陷入现代生活冲突与困境中的人们产生一种强烈的归属感由此才能获得可持续发展的社会动力和自然互动的内在活力。通过运动所获的愉快感是人们坚持运动的主要动力之一。以人为本的健身体育的兴起是人的根本需要所决定的人们参与篮球运动的动机由此发端。
1、欣赏有别于参与
从本质上讲竞技运动与健身运动的最终归属有明显上的不同,前者追求的是挑战人体极限,具有更强的观赏性,后者的目标是普通人的“身心两键”。竞技篮球运动对健身运动的推广起到了催化剂的作用。人们通过观赏高水平的篮球竞赛真正体验了篮球运动的魅力,激发了他们参与篮球运动的动机。通过观赏篮球运动而通晓了篮球运动的基本规则和方法,从而为自身的篮球实践奠定了基础,借鉴高水平的运动员的某些技战术方法可提高自身的篮球运动水平,这对长期从事篮球运动具有积极意义。
作为健身运动参与者只有通过运动实践才能达到目的。球迷只对篮球运动的观赏性感兴趣,他们把观赏篮球比赛而非参与篮球运动实践作为乐趣。当然观赏比赛也是一种娱乐形式既是对篮球技术的艺术欣赏也可以对自身不能直接参与运动进行心理补偿同样可达到愉悦身心的目的但不能发展体能,其精神和心理享受与运动的实践者有明显的区别。
喜欢者并不一定都参与,因为它只是表明了人们态度能将此愿望转化为真正的行为还受到诸多条件和因素的影响和制约在一定的范围内最具观赏性的运动项目并非参与者众多的。篮球运动源于学校教育当今主要的篮球设施在学校主要的运动群是学生。据调查我国体育人口参与篮球运动的比率明显随年龄的增加呈下降趋势。创设良好的运动环境和条件是广泛开展篮球健身运动的前提,顺应人们对篮球运动的兴趣利用从众心理发挥体育群体的作用是吸引大众广泛参与篮球健身运动的关键所在。欣赏是一种精神生活要实现健身目的的必须亲身参与运动。
2、个体投身群体
健身体育具有社会性。它常被列入社会体育的范畴进行讨论,健身体育的社会性表明从事健身运动能够在一定程度上摆脱人的自我孤立状态培养人的合作精神使个体在群体中找到自己的位置。
篮球运动是一项集体运动项目。集体性是篮球运动的特点之一,篮球运动以集体对抗的形式出现任何个人战术行动都是全队战术的组成部分,这就要求篮球运动的参与者要具备较强的集体意识、合作精神和组织协调能力,从事篮球运动的过程就是不断提高自身的修养、陶冶情操的过程。
正是基于篮球运动的集体性。从事篮球运动必有一定的群体这就为人与人之间的正常交往提供了良好的机会,从健身活动的角度看,运动群体内的人际关系很少具有功利性。日常在人与人之间时时表现出的知识、能力、地位的差异,在运动中往往是忽略不计的。这就可以在一定程度上保证在篮球运动过程中参与者具有积极的心理状态促进运动者之间认同感的产生。人们在社会大背景下失去或未能得到的良好的人际关系在健身运动的群体中可以找到。篮球运动中获得的积极的情绪体验具有社会意义的。
3、篮球运动的健身功能
3.1篮球源于游戏的健身功能
据研究篮球运动的发明者发明篮球之前就具有明确的;那就是要发明一项学生们喜欢的新的室内运动项目,让更多地参与活动,通过身体锻炼,使青年人的身体、心理和精神达到最佳的水平。着一目标所体现的实质是使参与篮球运动的学生们在身体上和精神上得到健康的发展。
为篮球运动的诞生提供借鉴的是各种球类游戏,在篮球运动产生就有多种球类游戏出现,如棒球、冰球、曲棍球、足球、水球等。正是这些球类游戏以及更早的马雅人的球类游戏为奈史密斯提供了发明篮球运动的形象思维。
实际上球类游戏是通过一定形式的身体活动达到健身强体的目的,其健身功能是在游戏中体现出来的。在人类的原始时期,游戏作为一种娱乐活动,大多是顺应教育后代的需要,由于生产力水平低下这种游戏仅仅是简单的身体活动,随着生产水平的提高,人们在游戏中不仅需要进行身体运动同时要满足精神和心理方面的追求。篮球运动的发明者最初提出的身体、心理和精神达到最佳水平的目标。反映了当时人们对篮球运动健身功能的价值认识。从生理层面上看,从事篮球运动能够发展体能,促进人的身体健康,比较而言,篮球运动在发展体能方面的优势在于能够全面的发展人的身体素质,同时改善人的感受器官和神经系统的功能。从事篮球运动可促进人的心理健康。作为集体的运动项目篮球运动无疑为人与人之间的正常交往提供了理想平台,在运动过程中的到愉悦身心。
3.2篮球运动的发展体能
篮球运动属非周期性运动项目与周期性运动项目重复某一种动作比较,篮球运动的技术动作复杂。多变能够全面发展人的走、跑、跳等基本能力使人体的素质得以平衡地发展。篮球运动还能够提高人体感受器官的功能,提高分配和集中注意力的能力及时间、空间的感受能力和定向能力提高中枢神经的灵活性以及协调、支配各器官的能力。在当今社会生活中,诸如电脑操作、车辆驾驶等对人们技能的要求越来越高,上述能力的发展日显重要。
发展体能的目的是通过对人体施加一定的运动负荷来实现的,作为健身运动必定要有较大的适应面就要求篮球运动的负荷具有可调空性。采用不同的运动形式可以对运动的负荷进行调节。“如一对一的斗牛、半场3对3比赛、全场5对5的比赛,运动者可以根据自己自身的需要进行运动。”篮球比赛中双方都有一定的主动权:以对比赛的节奏进行控制、调节运动负荷。篮球比赛的特点是在若干强度的比赛片段之后均有短暂的休息时间人体可以得到相应的恢复。运动生理学的研究认为:篮球比赛的中人体的供能形式为有氧供能这表明在篮球比赛中长时间、大强度的运动并不是多见的运动负荷的特点使得篮球运动可能成为具有广泛的健身的运动项目。
3.3篮球运动的愉悦身心功能
从事篮球运动的过程与人们日常的待人接物。工作状态等有所不同,篮球运动过程提供了在规则允许的范围内尽情发挥个人智慧而不与人们公认的道德标准相悖的机会如:虚实结合、相互制约等等,篮球运动中运动者表现出富有创造性的,机智灵活的运动行为被认为是运动智慧。从本质上看每个人智慧的自我实现的欲望,这种欲望在日常状态下往往难以实现。从事篮球运动可以满足人的这方面的心理需要。
结果的不确定性是运动者全身心地投入到篮球运动之中。篮球比赛的过程受多因素的影响使得比赛的进程和结果都具有不确定性。结果的不确定性允许了偶然性的存在促进了竞争性的发展,是运动过程具有文学性,情节性。篮球运动的过程就是一个不断变化和创新的过程在多次比赛中不会出现运动行为和结果的简单重复。运动者在篮球运动中可以不断体验创新的乐趣。
篮球运动发明之初就明确提出该运动是一项文明的运动规则的改变。如对身体接触程度的界定,即是在不断规范着人们在运动行为以符合文明运动的需要。通过规则的界定和在长期运动实践中所建立的公认的行为准则篮球运动在形式和内容上都体现了公平、合理原则。从事篮球运动可以陶冶情操实现崇高的心理追求。智慧、创新、文明为篮球运动的参与者提供了良好的心理体验。4、大学生篮球运动健身的发展趋势
4.1在形式和内容上将与竞技篮球有所不同
从事物的发展规律看,事物发展其复杂性越强,事物间呈现差异性的可能性越大。随着竞技篮球运动和健身篮球运动的发展两者存在的差异会越明显。随着竞技篮球运动的发展专业化或职业化的篮球运动已发展为具有高度组织性,采取市场化运作,具备常人难以达到的运动水平。极具观赏性的运动项目而篮球健身运动必然向大众化的方向发展。大学生篮球健身运动将不可能与竞技运动同步发展,其多样化的运动形式与竞技篮球运动有着巨大的差异化、专业化或职业化的篮球运动员以从事篮球运动为生而篮球健身运动却是人们闲暇时的游戏,其内容也与竞技运动有着本质的区别。
4.2多元化趋势
作为竞技篮球运动全场之间的攻守对抗是唯一的比赛形式,而在大学生健身运动中全场;半场的对抗,二人制、三人制、四人制比赛的日趋流行使比赛的形式呈现多样化的趋势。运动者之间的对抗甚至可以不用攻守的形式进行类似练习的运动形式进行比赛,如街头篮球游戏中许多耍球动作成为了运动技能的主体,篮球健身运动本属游戏性质,游戏本身的特点决定了其活动形式、内容和方法上的多元性,这种多元性的存在为篮球健身运动的开展提供了广阔的空间。结论:篮球运动是广大的大学生所喜爱的运动项目,其有很高的健身价值。它的健身功能源于游戏,其健身目标为发展体能和愉悦身心。人们参与篮球运动的动机产生于克服现代社会的生活环境和生活方式所带来的一系列负面影响的需要。要实现健身目的必须自己参与运动。篮球运动的集体性,从事篮球运动可以培养运动者的集体意识。合作精神和组织协调能力,起到调整人际关系的作用。篮球健身运动在形式和内容上所表现出来的与竞技篮球运动相不同的多元化趋势是篮球健身运动的特点所决定的正是这种多元化的存在才是篮球健身运动充满魅力而又使普通大众可以参与其中,才会是高校学生最喜欢的运动项目。参考文献:1.孙民治.《篮球运动高级教程》.人民体育出版社
2.杨丽华.《运动的心理效应》.江西大学学报
3.仇军.高峰.马启伟.《我国体育人口活动项目有参与及其变化趋势》
第三篇:篮球论文
浅析对篮球运动的认识
学院:经济与管理学院
专业: 信息管理与信息系统
班级:信管一班
姓名:张丹峰
学号:1006107026
日期:2013/11/22
摘要:篮球运动是以投篮、上篮和扣篮为中心的对抗性体育运动之一,两队参与,每队出场5名队员,目的是将球投入对方球篮框中得分,并阻止对方获得球权和得分。队员可将球向任何方向传、投、拍、滚或运,但要受规则的限制。篮球比赛的形式多种多样,其中包括最流行的街头三人篮球赛。当今世界篮球水平最高的联赛是美国篮球职业联盟(NBA)比赛。篮球文化是体育文化的亚文化,也是一种社会形态,通过对篮球文化的理解及我国传统文化对我国篮球文化和篮球运动发展的影响,提出我国篮球发展的趋势。为重新认识我国的篮球运动提供有益的启示。
关键字:
篮球文化 篮球运动 发展趋势
篮球知识
一 对篮球文化的理解
对于 文化的概念至今仍是学术界争论不休 的一个难题,据不完全统计,至今 已有 200多种 中国古籍中的 “文化”一词最早出现于《周礼》“关于天文,以察时变。关乎人文。以化成天下。”现代意义上的“文化 ”概念。肇始于文艺复兴 时期,康德、席勒和黑格 尔都 各 自从道德、美 学及哲学领域对文化进 行过理性的思索,但关于真正 明确 的“文化”定义,都 引用 19世纪英 国文化人类学家爱德华、泰勒的提 法,“文化”是一种复杂体,它包括 知识、信仰、艺术道德、法律、风俗及其余从社会上习得的能力与习惯。体育不仅是一种社会活动,更是一种文化。体育文化是 以身体 为媒介,把满足人类需求的身体活动进行加工,组织和秩序化,形成获得社会承 认的、具有独立意义和价值的文化 内容包括体育认识,体 育情感,体育价值、体 育思想、体育道德、体育制度和体育物质条件等。篮球运动既是一项综合性的活动游戏。又是现代
竞技体育 的一个运动项 目更是一种社会文化形态称之为篮球 文化。篮球 文化是体育文化的亚文化它的真正价值 在于发展过程 中不断地产生种种有趣故事,给人 以启示和鼓舞,使 人增 智和受到教育,篮球文化以丰富多彩的实践内容融入全 面综合 素质教育,开发人的智慧,陶冶人的情操,使 人掌握不同时间空间条件 下身体 运动 规律 和支 配规律 的各 种技 能与 能力 ;篮球文化以独特 的活动形式最形 象地展 示人体优美形态和心灵气质,和谐地反映人类对现代社会文明生活的创新,完善和追求。
二 中国传统体育文化对篮球文化和篮球运动发展的影响
中国传统文化是以“儒、道、佛”诸家的思想为基础其传统 的体育文化是 以保健性,技艺性和表演性为基本模式,以崇尚礼仪、宽厚、平和 为价值取 向的体育形态。
中国传统体育文化强调整体,忽视个体,强调义务和责任。我国篮球 历来重视整体配合,追 求整体实 力,但忽视 了培养具有一定特 点、个性 的运动员。尤其是中国传统的整体 思维方法在一定 程度上影 响了运动员 的创 造力表现 为运动 员缺少个性和特点、缺少从事篮球运动所应有 的创造力。西方文化注重分析思维而导致 了注重个体从而产生 了西方体育文化的个体主义,自由主义的哲学观点。中国认为篮球运动是崇 尚整体协作,寻求和谐统一,在训练上重视技、战术提高,轻视素质训练,在战术上注重整体配合,队员个人缺乏独挡一面的能力及即兴发挥 的欲望。过分拘泥于赛前安排好的战术套路,缺乏应有的场上应变能 力和队员独立作战能力。
三 篮球文化背景下的市场运作
篮球能够在全世界成为人们最喜爱的体育运动之一不仅 因为它有广大的普
及群体,(目前,国际篮联 已拥有1 8 O 多个会 员国,全世 界大约 有 5亿 人参加篮 球运动。)还因为它具有广阔的市场前景和基础。职业篮球是在商 品经济 的刺激下和竞技水平迅速提高的背景下产生的一种特殊的社会现象。早在 1898年,美国新泽西州一支球队开创了 “有偿篮球比赛”的先河。这场篮球 比赛的真正贡献在于体现了篮球市场价值。
从 19世纪后 期竞技体育处 于职业运 动的萌 芽状 态到二战结束后 NBA的诞生,世界竞技体育的职业化发展进入 了一个高潮。作 为职业篮球代表的 NBA,在不断发展、壮大的 5O多年中,运 用市场经济规 律和科学 的职 业篮球 管理 制度成为一个 拥有 40多亿美元资产 的体 育经营 “巨人”。在 NBA的影响和带动下,篮球职业化、商业化成 为一种世界性发展趋势。从 NBA 的发展进程 中可 以看到,高度的商业性与文化性是职业篮球 的本质特征。从经济角度看,职 业篮球具有极大的商业价值。20世纪 4O年代,由于美 国经济的发展,人们在物质生活满足后转向对精神生活的渴望,一些经纪人从 中发现篮球运动能为社会带来无穷的商机,充满商业性 的职业篮球从此诞生。
从社会文化角度看,职业篮球是一种具有技艺性与观赏性相结合的独特文化。职业篮球必须 以提 高 自身技艺和观赏价值作为职业篮球赖 以发展的基础。利用高水平篮球的商业价值与文化价值,参与社会商业活动与社会 文化活动,为社会提供相 应服务,同时获得经 济效益是职业篮球发展 的普遍规律。
体育作为一种社会 形态是把满足人类需求的 身体活动进行加 工、组织和秩序 化,因此,它就要 符合商业 性和娱乐性的市场规律,进而通过市场运作能够刺激篮球运动发展和提 高篮球 运动 水平并扩展 其 生存 空间。美 国N B A,它围绕竞争开展了市场化经营道路,可 以说让我们开了眼界,它将篮
球所能带来的一切利益不断挖掘,据统计,美国每 年观看 N B A 的观众不少于 2000万人。而门票收入只 占其总收入的 5%左右。N B A 的 2 9个俱乐部老板 不仅依 靠投 资的篮球赚钱,还能 为自己的其它产品做宣传,也 为那些赞助商做了广告,促进 了各个行业的发展,创造出了不可估量的经济利益。
经过一学期的篮球课学习,我学习到了很多有用的技术和技巧,篮球水平有了很大的提高。下面是经过学习,我在篮球方面的一些心得体会。篮球技术分为进攻和攻守两大部分。进攻技术包括传、接球,投篮,持续攻破;防守技术包括抢、打、断球;移动和抢篮板球既属于进攻技术又属于防守技术。篮球技术是篮球战术的基础。想要打好篮球,首先得练好篮球技术。篮球技术分为进攻和防守两大部分,各个部分都由许多技术所组成。除了进攻与防守技术中均有移动和抢篮板球外,其进攻技术有传球、接球、投篮、运球、突破等,防守技术有防守对手、抢球、打球、断球等。
篮球运动是技术与战术的完美结合。单纯的技术,由于没有战术的配合,其只能是五个人各自为战,再好的技术,在对方的战术配合攻击下也无法发挥作用,只能以失败告终。同样,单纯的战术,没有技术的支撑,再完美的战术配合也不能够很好的发挥出来,最后也只能遗憾出局。只有技术、战术均衡发展,完美配合,方能将篮球运动发挥的相当的高度。任何正确的战术意图和先进的战术配合的实现,都要求运动员必须熟练掌握一定数量的和质量的技术动作做保证,没有技术也就谈不上战术。只有技术掌握得扎实、熟练、先进,才能保证战术的多边形和高质量。
篮球运动是一项以球为竞赛工具,以投篮得分为目的的而进行的攻守交替,集体对抗的球类运动项目。经常参加篮球运动,可以使身体得到全面锻炼。篮球
活动形式灵活,具有较强的趣味性和竞技性,并容易普及,深受人们的喜爱,它对于增强体质、促进身心健康,提高体育活动的参与意识,培养优良品质都具有重要的意义。
结束语:
篮球 文化以独特 的活动 形式最形象地展 示人体优 美形态和心灵气质,和谐地反映人类对现代社会文 明生活的创新,完善和追求。篮球运动中所蕴含 的人文精神反映了现代社会对人的生命质量和 生存价 值及 自我实现 与发展的关怀。篮球运动在促进人类生理和心理健康方面的作用是其所创造 的物质财富和精神财富的一部分。篮球运动的商业价值已经得到了充分的体现。篮球运动的文化价值在于其通过顺利地传播、用积极的手段体现 了个人 自身的价值、促进 了人类自身的有序生存和持续发展
第四篇:篮球课论文
篮球课心得小结
篮球是一项集体运动。注重配合以及团队精神。它不仅具有很强的娱乐性,而且可以使人从紧张的状态得到放松,促进身心的健康发展,从而使人在体能上得到锻炼。
篮球技术分为进攻和防守两大部分。进攻技术包括传、接球,投篮,持球突破;防守技术包括抢、打、断球;移动和抢篮板球等。进攻主要是运球和传球,这不仅要靠个人的技能更注重队员之间的配合。防守技能则主要是对个人反应力和灵敏度的考察。
这学期的篮球课,主要是练习运球和三步上篮。之前学三步上篮一直是掌握不好上篮的时机,直接结果就是,进不了球,这次课,老师详细讲授了三步上篮的要领,还带我们进行了分解动作的练习,经过几节课的练习,渐渐熟练了上篮的技巧。
刚开始接触篮球是初中的时候,几个比较有运动细胞的女生凑在一起打,有时还叫上男生练技术。后来就进了校队,暑假的时候集训一段时间,每年十月的时候去参加全市初中生篮球比赛。参加比赛的经历真是一段难忘而珍贵的体验。篮球比赛是和平时打球完全不同的感觉,兴奋而紧张。第一次上场比赛的时候特别紧张,运球投篮都特别僵硬,领队就跟我们说要放松心态,要配合,比赛不是一个人出彩的地方,要懂得团队精神。第一次参加比赛,是初二,经验不足,配合也不默契,可能是没有量的积累,所以只得了第五名,铩羽而归。当时挺失落,很长一段时间都没打过球。初二的暑假又开始训练了,当时很犹豫参不参加,毕竟我不是什么专业运动员,还是应当以学业为重,再者,当时中考迫在眉睫,老师和家长态度都不支持。不过最后还是去了,队友们都希望我去,就是这样,我觉得篮球有种特殊的魅力就是,你在团队里无人可以替代的感觉,团队精神深深的感染着每个人。第二年去参赛很幸运,夺冠了,付出的汗水和泪水都得以回报。现在回想起来,当时一起训练,看NBA比赛练习假动作,打配合,都特别生动难忘。
篮球给我带来的快乐远不止此,我觉得每次打过球后,第二天精神状态都特别好,学习效率极高,运动能促进人的各个方面的发展,这我是深有体会。另外篮球还特别磨练人的耐力和意志。每次打比赛的时候,全场跑,打十分钟比赛就特别累,体力下降很快,可那个时候就会强迫自己坚持一下,告诉自己,队友需要你,抱着这样的想法,就会坚持打完一场比赛。这无论对于我们日常的学习还是工作,都是有益的。它带给人一种责任感。
上了大学,大家都不太有空打球了,以前的队友咫尺天涯,篮球也逐渐沦落为了一项“心中”的爱好。不过能凑齐几个人的时候还是会一起打打比赛。今年开的篮球课,总算是选上了,这门课帮我重新打了一遍基础,弥补了很多技术上漏洞,也让我看到了许多新的练习方法,可以说是收获良多。希望以后还能有更多接触篮球学习的机会。
第五篇:篮球英语翻译论文
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
The Translation of English Term of Basketball
Abstract: This article focuses on the discussion of the translation of English term of basketball.The author mainly discusses two aspects about the translation of English term of basketball, which is the definition of translation, the feature of translation of English term of basketball.Through analyzing the current situation of domestic basketball club, in order to achieve the purpose of finding out the influence of translation of English term of basketball on the basketball game.This article proved that a good English translator of basketball is very important.A good translator not only can affect players, coaches and club, but also can affect the result of a basketball game.It can be seen from this article that domestic clubs lack professional translators of English term of basketball now, so domestic clubs need to cultivate the talents of translation of English term of basketball.Keywords: basketball;translation;English
i
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
浅谈篮球术语英语翻译
摘要:本文是关于篮球英语术语翻译的讨论。作者主要从翻译的基本概念和篮球英语术语翻译的特点这两方面对篮球英语术语翻译进行了讨论,通过分析篮球俱乐部的现状,从而达到找出在篮球比赛中篮球英语术语翻译对比赛的影响的目的。本文证明了一个好的篮球英语术语翻译的重要性。一个好的篮球英语翻译不仅能影响球员,教练和俱乐部,而且能影响篮球比赛的结果。从本文可以看出,目前国内俱乐部缺乏专业的篮球术语英语翻译,所以国内俱乐部需要培养这方面的人才。
关键词:篮球;翻译;英语
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成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
Contents
1.Introduction............................................................................................................................1 2.English translation..................................................................................................................1 2.1 Concept of translation.......................................................................................................1 2.2 The word feature of translation of basketball...................................................................2 2.3 The function feature of translation of basketball..............................................................3 3.The feature of translation of basketball..................................................................................3 3.1 The word is lively, interesting and vivid..........................................................................3 3.2 A rich of Compound words...............................................................................................3 3.3 Short term and easy to understand of words....................................................................4 4.The influence of English translation of basketball on basketball game.................................4 4.1 Element which influence the translation..........................................................................4 4.1.1 Interpreters have no standard pronunciation and lack of solid grounding in English........................................................................................................................................4
4.1.2 Management of English interpreters of basketball is not standardized...................5 4.1.3 Interpreters lack experience.....................................................................................5 4.2 Results of translator‟s mistake..........................................................................................6 4.2.1 Tactical chaos of basketball.....................................................................................6 4.2.2 Success or failure of competition............................................................................6
5.Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..6
Reference..................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................8
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成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
The Translation of English Term of Basketball
1.Introduction Doctor James Naismith invented the basketball on December 1891.At that time, the purpose of invention of the basketball sports is to let people exercise physical better.But along with the development of the economy and the entertainment, in today's society,basketball has developed into a purely commercial movement, exercise is no longer the main purpose of playing basketball , more important is to earn much money.With NBA which represents the highest level basketball of the world entered into China since 1987, basketball sports has started to spread in China day and day.But with the improvement and development of the competitive level of basketball, the domestic local basketball players have been unable to meet the needs of the development level of basketball.Thus a large number of international basketball players began to enter the domestic market.Along with their entering, it brought a series of problems, and one of them is communication.In this situation, the translation of basketball plays an important role.This article focuses on the English translation of term of basketball, and the author tries to find out the influence of translation of English term of basketball on the basketball game.2.English translation
2.1 Definition of translation Translation refers to conversion of meaning from one language to another language.Simply put, it is an art of reproducing the author‟s exact idea by means of another language from the original.According to the above definition of translation, author knows that the original thought of the expression should be retained as far as possible.Nothing should be added or taken away from the original work.Therefore, two essential elements should be involved in translation: accuracy and expressiveness.Accuracy is the first indispensable quality of translation.A translator should prudently adhere to the author‟s idea, which means that the diction selected and syntactic structure must convey the exact original thought.Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood.In other words, the translator
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
must express the author‟s idea as clearly and as forcibly as translator can by the medium translator employs.Accuracy is to make the translation definite and exact;while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.There are many kinds of definitions of translation.With regards to translation, people can not simply define as “a kind of language of another kind of form.” With the development of translation theory and practice, translators are on the translation of the continuous generation of new knowledge, different translators, and translators in different periods of translation are also different interpretations of the concept, which explain the strengths and weaknesses, while others are more comprehensive, and some are more one-sided.Giving an accurate definition of translation is a thorny issue.At present, there are many kinds of definitions, and here are some typical definitions.ZhangPeiji thinks that translation is an activity of language which uses one language to express contents of another language accurately and completely.(Zhangpeiji, 1921)Caiyi thinks that translation is a language used to convey the information expressed in another language.(Caiyi, 1927)Fengqinghua believes that translation is a kind of activity in many languages, it is in a language form to another form of language where the contents of the re-shown by the language of practical activities.Translation is an art, is a re-creation of language arts.(Fengqinghua, 1958)Catford, a famous English translation theorist believes that the definition may be translated this way: put the chapter materials in a language in the chapter material in another language to be replaced.Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.(Eugene Nida, 1914)2.2 The word feature of translation of basketball To use ordinary indefinite tense instead of simple past tense, in order to express more vividly and effectively.For example, “The final score is 98 to 82 in the whole game.”;“Rockets beat Lakers 55 to 50 at first half.”
To use passive sentences express active significance.In general, when an appropriate action is issued, there is no need to be mentioned, or it is difficult to say people who want to emphasize the use of action of bearer.For example, “He got a nice ball.”
To use the imperative sentences frequently and simple language is necessary.For
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
example, “Well saved”(漂亮的救球),”good shot”(好球).Though these sentences have no subject, it expresses the meaning clearly, so there is no problem to understand.In general, the imperative sentences are so short that the recipient of language can not be understood the meaning clearly.2.3 The function of translation
The communication is the main function of English translation of basketball。Firstly translator must understand coach‟s meaning, and then translators express the coach‟s meaning to players clearly.Let the players understand the coach‟s requirements and execute tactical better on the pitch and play their competitive level effectively.On the other hand, good translation can make foreign and local players‟ communicate with each other better, and make them cooperate better on the pitch.For example, translation can make foreign and local players know how to confirm their own positions and what they should do in the pitch.3.The characteristics of the words translating basketball games 3.1 Words of being lively In the translation of basketball, the words used are lively, interesting and vivid.For example, „Pick‟, it usually means selecting one from many things, but in the English term of basketball, people translate „cover‟.It means attacking players standing on one side or standing behind enemy defensive players to hinder defensive players.And „press‟, people usually translate „use hands or something push something down‟.In the English term of basketball, people translate „tight defensive‟.It includes “full-court press”, “half-court press”, “zone press”, “one-man press” and “two-man press”.There are many similar examples in the translation of English term of basketball, these words are vivid, and they make the translation of English term of basketball express more accurately.3.2 Rich in Compound words There are many compound words in English term of basketball.These compound words not only make the English term of basketball richer, but also break through the bound of basketball English.Such as „free-throw‟,when the foul will be appeared in game, it‟s „free-throw‟ time.And „away game‟, a basketball team goes to other city to play game, this situation we call „away game‟.The common meaning of “free agent” is an agent of institution.成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
In basketball English, it means a player who his contract expires, also means this professional player not bound by contract.There are two kinds of free agent: unrestricted free agent and restricted free agent.“behind-the-back”,in basketball game, this words have two meanings.One means when one player dribbles, he hides his ball behind his body, in order to avoid the defense;another means pass the ball behind his body, in order to the ball not to be stole.And in common translation, this word just means behind somebody.This kind of compound word not only so short that players can understand clearly in competitive game, it not only avoids long words wasting time, but also reduces translators‟ pressure and makes players can understand better.So the compound words are very important in basketball game.3.3 Short terms of words The words of basketball English is a kind of special vocabulary, many simple words have specific meaning in basketball English.Such as “tie”, the common meaning of tie is knotting something, but in English of basketball, tie means the game‟s score is the same.Words are very short in the translation of English term of basketball.The feature is that it is intend to use less word as far as possible to express complicated meaning in the translation of English term of basketball, and make player understand couch‟s arrangement quickly in competitive game.For example, „charging foul‟ means when you are dribbling, you are hitting the opposite player at the same time.„Double team‟ means that using two players to defense a player.In the game, coaches just use these words to express his meaning.“Chest”, in common translation, it means a part above the waist and below the neck of our body.But in basketball translation, it means pass the ball before this part.This kind of short can save the time and let the information of coaches and players transfers quickly.4.The influence of the translation of English terms of basketball on basketball game.4.1 Elements which influence the translation 4.1.1 The interpreters’ language ability.To solve the problem of communication of between foreign players and local players in matches and trainings is the main purpose of club.The continuity of the basketball training process and specialization of technical requirements requires that translators should be quick,成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
accurate and efficient in language transformation.Especially in the game, the translation should be highlighted more effectively and accurately.Then foreign players just can improve their execution and play their competition effectively.Otherwise, it may cause the club‟s unnecessary losses.So translators‟ level is very important for club.Most English translators have bilingual ability, but the masters‟ degrees are relatively few and lack the ability of good oral and written expression.Some translators have never take part in basketball game before, and they are more likely to make mistakes when translators translate some technical terms of basketball game terms.And the pronunciation of translator is not standard and often make player can not understand clearly.4.1.2 No standardized management The translation of English term of basketball is a new career.From the training, qualified certifications to obtain employment is the system of choosing an eligible translator of English terms of basketball.Currently there aren‟t any special training institutions which can help choose the translation talents who accord with the requirements of basketball club, so it lacks the resource of professional basketball English translation talents.On the other hand, there aren‟t any special administrative departments managing the English translators of basketball club.There are also no relevant service standards and qualified evaluation system in basketball management institution.This situation makes clubs are lack of effective way when they find translators.4.1.3 No translation training of basketball terminology
Ensuring proper training and correct translation of basketball game is the core of club work, so club‟s translators must know the sports English and basketball English very well;they also must be familiar with the basic terms of basketball sports.Generally speaking, not only they need the ability of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation, but also they should be able to deeply understand the various tactics terminology and truly comprehend the tactical intentions in terms of language expression.So if club can‟t grasp this, it is difficult to finish the job.The translation of English term of basketball is a new career.Due to starting late,the development of this career is relatively immature.The translators‟ work ability of this field will be influenced by actual work experience.The investigation of researchers found that the
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
professional basketball translators only worked 2 years on average, so it is unavoidable to lack work experience compare with the other industries.This will affect their working level.If translators make mistakes at the last moment of pitch or they don‟t know terminology well, there are many mistakes and can‟t communicate swimmingly.It is not accurate the meaning that some translators expresses between players and coaches.It is different between English translators and sports professional translators.Now more foreign coaches come to local basketball club, the club also needs foreign coaches to communicate with local coaches and players through sports professional translators.If foreign coaches need players to practice the tactics of “half-court press”, but translator translated “half press”, players will be confused.So sports professional translators are important to team.Author thinks that if there is a serious mistake in the translation it may affect results of competition or lose game.4.2 Results of translator’s mistakes
4.2.1 Tactical Chaos of Basketball Coach is a leader of a team.Coach‟s words and tactic is order.Translator is a person who conveys order to foreign players.If the translators have no good level, they can not express couch‟s meaning clearly, and then players can not executive couch‟s tactics very well.On the other hand, foreigner players must communicate with local players, not only in the game or training, but also in life.The communication must be helped by translators.So a unqualified translator can make foreign players and local players appear turnovers frequently and not trippingly cooperate with each other,because they can not communicate with each other very well.4.2.2 Success or failure of competition The result of tactics chaos is losing the game at a critical moment.For example, at the key moment in the game, coach needs players to use the tactical of full-court press, but translator translates it to the foreign players as half-court press.Finally, due to the foreign player‟s mistake makes club lose the game.After losing the game, the players probably will blame each other.Then the harmony of a team may be damaged.Coach will lose trust to foreign players.In today's society, basketball has developed into a purely commercial movement.So the game is related to club‟s profit, if players lose the game, the club will suffer a loss.So a good translator can not only directly affect the players, but also can
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
indirectly affect the game as well as the club‟s business.5.Conclusion
It can be seen that a translator of English term of basketball can affect the players and the achievement of club.Through analyzing, author thinks that if somebody needs to be a good English translator of basketball term, not only the translators must have good English foundation, but also have much knowledge of basketball.So a good translator of English term of basketball is important to players, coaches and club.成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
Reference Bell, Roger T.Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice.Beijin: Foreign Language and Education Press, 2007.J.C.Catford.Linguistic of translation theory.Oxford University, 1965.Maria Tymoczko, Edwin Gentzler.Translation and power.Beijin: Foreign Language and Education Press, 2007.Nida,EugeneA.Language, culture and translation [M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language and Education Press, 1993.程兰芝.体育开台sports English.世界图书出版公司,2003.胡本东.中国职业篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译人员现状及发展和对策研究.济宁学院体育系,山东,曲阜,2008.马国力.体育英语.外语教学与研究出版社,2002.谭载喜.翻译学.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2000.赵桂华.翻译理论与技巧.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版,2002.http://fanyixueyuan.scientrans.com/tiyufanyi/Index.html 2010/4/23
成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院本科毕业论文
Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor Miss Xie for her invaluable guidance, enthusiasm and support throughout the course of this work.I am also very grateful to Owen Zhang for her helpful comments and insightful suggestions during the research and writing of this thesis.I would also like to thank Tonney for taking the time to help me.Many other people have helped and contributed their time to the research of this thesis.My thanks to Miss Min for their invaluable comments and suggestions.I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude toward everyone in the English Department of Yinxing University, especially Miss Min, Mr Hou, for their valuable suggestions and help in these two years of study as well as their friendship.Thanks to all the other friends I have made at Yinxing University for making my stay at campus an enjoyable period of time.I will always be indebted to my family, especially my parents Sujianping and Xuhuiping.I would like to thank them for their support and confidence in me.My gratitude goes to everyone at home.This thesis would not have been possible without all their kindness and encouragement.