第一篇：高校英美文学课堂教学分析
高校英美文学课堂教学分析
摘要：英美文学教学是英语专业高年级的必修课程之一，对英语专业学生的语言综合技能培养非常关键。本文从提高学生英语听、说、读、写四项技能方面分析英美文学知识的重要性，并提出高校教师在进行英美文学教学时应结合英语专业学生的英语水平进行教学的几点建议。
一、英美文学知识对学生四项综合技能的影响
语言技能包括语言输入和语言输出两大技能，即，听和读为语言输入技能；说和写为语言输出技能。传统的英语教学都注重这四项技能的培养，而忽视了语言修养、文化意识的培养及文学修养。事实上，语言技能和语言文化、文学修养是交织在一起，互相影响。
（一）英美文学的学习促进学生英语听说技能的提高
英美文学课的教材一般是《英美文学史》、《英美文学作品选读》及《文学批评原理》，教学目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解、分析英语文学原著的能力。语言知识的获得在一定程度上须借助于看与读，英美文学课所用的教材、教师的讲义都是全英文；加之教学对象为英语专业的学生，英语水平略高于非专业的学生，因此教师的课堂用语几乎都是英语。这样学生上课时不仅要注意力集中地听老师讲课还要做相应的笔记。如果教师将学生所记录的英美文学知识笔记作为评定期末考试成绩的一部分，不仅检测了学生听课的情况，而且也迫使学生注意去听，促进了学生听力水平的提高。口语技能是语言输出技能之一，需要积累一定量的语言技能输入。文学作品的内容、词汇丰富，极大地吸引了学生读的兴趣，在阅读的过程中，增加了英语词汇量和积累了口语素材。教师对文学作品内容讲解后，学生可对文学作品中的人物、主题在某一种文学批评理论的指导下进行分析，展开讨论。在这样以学生为中心的教学模式下、学生即可了解英语文化、学会对比分析西方文学作品，还可以锻炼英语听说能力，英语理解力和表达能力得到不断提升。
（二）英美文学的学习促进学生英语阅读理解能力的提高
英美文学选读教材选的阅读材料都是英美著名小说家、戏剧作家、诗人的经典作品。学生在课前的预习可以使其了解课文大意，课前预习对作品的基本了解与课上教师的讲解相结合，特别是教师对作家生平、创作风格、社会创作背景的介绍，能激发学生反复阅读该作品的兴趣和热情，增加对文学作品的理解力。尤其是课堂上教师对作品重点段落的讲解可以帮助学生解决语言理解方面存在的问题，学生通过精读重点段落可以准确分析作品中人物性格特点、语言特点以及综合评价作品的叙事技巧和主题思想从而加深对该文学作品的理解，提高理解和思考性的阅读能力。通过课前的泛读和课上的精读，学生不仅对文学作品的内容有了大致的了解，阅读四个层次的能力也得到了发展，即字面阅读能力、推断阅读能力、批判性阅读能力和欣赏性阅读能力得以提升。进而激发了学生阅读英文文学作品的兴趣，运用这四种阅读技巧自觉地加强课外阅读，从而提高英语阅读能力。
（三）英美文学课可促进学生英语书面交际能力的提升
英美文学课不仅可以培养学生高层次的阅读能力，对写作能力的培养也起到推动作用。文学作品是语言艺术的结晶，也是艺术语言的表现，是语言大师千锤百炼的语言。通过对文学作品的学习、分析、欣赏与模仿，学生可创造出源于生活，反映生活、朴实自然的佳作。英美文学课堂上，教师会引导学生对每一篇文学作品进行分析、欣赏。遇到重要语句、短语的搭配和词的修辞用法时，教师不仅对它们进行讲解，还会训练学生对精彩的句子和修辞加以记忆，模仿，帮助学生积累写作的英语词汇和优美的表达方式。在这样长期坚持不解的学习过程中学生的英语写作水平和英语语言综合运用能力得到提高。
二、英语专业英美文学课教学的几点建议
（一）选择、讲解著名英美文学大师的文学作品
1.英美文学大师的作品有代表性质和极强的感染力，英语专业学生对之熟悉度偏高，有的学生已经阅读过相关的中文版本，有助于学生理解文学作品中的经典部分，符合学生的英语水平。
2.教师适当在课堂上介绍文学史和作家流派。每一部文学作品都体现和反映了一个时代的历史特点和社会环境。文学史的介绍可让学生更好地了解文学作品的背景和英美文化。此外，在给学生介绍英美文化知识的同时，列举一些少数民族社会历史文化和汉语文化知识进行对比学习，加深对三种文化的理解和差异认识，有助于培养学生的跨文化交际意识。
3.根据学生英语水平，教师推荐一些学生感兴趣，时代和文化差异小，可读性和代表性强的作品供学生课外阅读，提高学生的阅读积极性。充分利用多媒体、视频等现代化教学手段，为学生播放根据文学原著改编的电影，让学生分析原著与电影的差异，从而体现文学作品的魅力，加强了英美文学课的生动形象性。
（二）以学生为主体，教师为指导的教学模式
“以学生为中心”是英美文学教学中培养语言综合技能的一个重要途径。学生要实现对一篇文学作品的真正理解，就必须主动参与到教学活动中去，即，文学作品的分析、讨论等。教师作为指导学习的人，应注重扩展学生的知识面，组织开展各式各样的教学活动，培养学生的文学鉴赏能力，激发学生的学习兴趣，寓教于乐。
（三）改进考核方式
英美文学课教学效果传统的检查方式为闭卷考试，学生往往在期末时死记硬背文学史和英美文学常识以应付一张试卷，这样的考核方式忽略了考查学生分析文学作品的能力和运用英语知识的能力。因此，结合学生平时课堂参与、笔记记录和讨论的情况给出期末的综合测评，学生才会对每一次文学课上的教学活动积极认真的准备和有效地完成，有助于提高学生语言综合技能的能力，保证教学效果。
三、结语
英美文学教学和语言技能密切联系。学生的实际交际能力除了取决于语言技能外，还依赖于背景知识能力，即目标语的文化知识的学习。文学作为一种能全面展示社会与文化形态的学科，是语言最完美形式的体现，它依赖语言表达深邃的含义；文学包罗万象，它优美的行文和富有艺术的表达深深影响着学习者的学习和生活。因此，英语专业教学应重视英美文学教学，增强学生英美文学意识。这不仅可以提高学生语言技能，还可以培养学生的人文素质和文化修养，实现真正意义上的素质教育。英美文学课是学生了解西方文化和文学常识的重要渠道，学生可以借此领悟异域文化的精神，增长文学知识，培养审美情趣。
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第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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