第一篇：王守仁2册教案
Lesson Plan
Unit 1 Week 1(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Finding the Main Idea & Stems: cent/centi;claim/clam;firm Procedure: 1.Reading skills :(35 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Finding the Main Idea B.to learn Stems: cent/centi;claim/clam;firm 2.Details of the text(55 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.When they read in English, many students read word by word.They say that it helps to improve their comprehension.Do you agree? b.Some people like to listen to music or eat snacks while reading.Do you have these habits? Are such activities good for reading? B.Text-learning
C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
3.HMW
Text II Reading Tastes and Habits
Unit 2 Week 2(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Finding the Main Idea & Stems: pos(e);tract Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Reading Tastes and Habits
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Finding the Main Idea
B.to learn Stems: pos(e);tract 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Music is quite popular with students.What do you usually look for when you listen to music? b.Young people today know great deal about pop music and pop singer, but relatively they know less about classical music, Chinese or Western.How do you account for this? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
Text II Listening to Music of Reading Course Book by Wang Shouren
Unit 3 Week 3(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Finding the Main Idea & Stems: duce, duct;ject;mit, miss;pel Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Listening to Music 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Finding the Main Idea B.to learn Stems: duce, duct;ject;mit, miss;pel 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Do you think the kind of disagreement between two generations in both texts about career choice is universal? What is the situation between your parents and you on this issue? b.Is there a generation gap in china? If there is one, what are the causes? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
Text II Bricklayer’s Boy
Unit 4 Week 4(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Finding the Main Idea & Stems: vid/vis;tain/tent Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Bricklayer’s Boy
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Finding the Main Idea
B.to learn Stems: vid/vis;tain/tent 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Discuss the climate and weather conditions of your hometown.b.How does climate influence people’s way of life? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
A.Text II Type of Climate
Unit 5 Week 5(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Finding the Main Idea & Stems: press;cede, ceed;sist Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Type of Climate
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Finding the Main Idea B.to learn Stems: press;cede, ceed;sist 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Why do people work, apart from earning a loving? b.What do you think are the qualifications a successful man must have in today’s society? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
Text II Who Makes It to the Top
Unit 6 Week 6(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details & Stems: migr;port;scend;volv, volu Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Who Makes It to the Top of Reading Course Book by Wang Shouren 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details B.to learn Stems: migr;port;scend;volv, volu 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.What are the causes of racial discrimination? b.How much do you know about the roles played by African-American in American society? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
Text II The First Black Woman Receiving Nobel Prize in Literature
Unit 7 Week 7(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details & Stems: migr;port;scend;volv, volu Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II The First Black Woman Receiving Nobel Prize in Literature 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details B.to learn Stems: migr;port;scend;volv, volu 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Greek mythology has a lasting fascination for both children and adults.Could you explain why? b.Greek mythology reveals some truth about human nature and social life.Do you agree? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW
Text II The Return of Odysseus
Unit 8 Week 8(2 periods)Lesson Goals:
To attain knowledge of reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details & Stems: terr;scrib/scrip Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II The Return of Odysseus
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details B.to learn & Stems: terr;scrib/scrip 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Why is it important to have a positive attitude towards life? b.Do you think you are an optimist or a pessimist? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW Text II Dare Mighty Things
Unit 9 Week 9(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details & Stems: sol/sul;ser pet/peat Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Dare Mighty Things
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details B.to learn & Stems: sol/sul;ser pet/peat 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Have you ever learnt anything about first-aid before? b.Do you think it is important and necessary for everyone to acquaint himself with first-aid rules and procedures in society so advanced in medicine? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW Text II How to Deal with Common Emergencies
Unit 10 Week 10(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details & Stems: aster;brief;fus Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II How to Deal with Common Emergencies
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)
A.to learn the reading skill: Recognizing the pattern of details B.to learn Stems: aster;brief;fus 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Do you agree that the couple in text I had a happy life? b.In what way does a traditional Chinese wedding ceremony resemble of differ from a Western wedding ceremony? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW Text II Wedding Customs in the West
Unit 11 Week 11(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stem: clos;cor Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Wedding Customs in the West 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: clos;cor 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Have you ever had experiences similar to those described in Text I? b.Can you think of ways other than those described in Text II to enhance creativity? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW Text II How to Get a Great Idea
Unit 12 Week 12(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: dic;frag Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II How to Get a Great Idea
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: dic;frag 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Where are you going for your summer vacation this year? b.Imagine that you are guide for tourist group.What problems do you think you might encounter as a guide for the tourist group? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
4.HMW Text II Tourism
Unit 13 Week 13(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: broad;cap/ceiv/cup Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): A.Text II Tourism 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: broad;cap/ceiv/cup 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.How do you prepare for your examinations? b.Have there been any cases of notorious cheating at your college? If so, do you think these incidents are representative of the moral academic atmosphere? If not, do you suspect that there is cheating going on but that nobody is doing anything about it? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B 4.HMW Text II Cheating: Alive and Flourishing
Unit 14 Week 14(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: cred;dens;fend Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Cheating: Alive and Flourishing 2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: cred;dens;fend 3.Details of the text(50 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.What is the social purpose of the copyright system? b.What are the differences between copyrights and patent rights? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B G.Text II general psychology: the Study of Behavior 4.HMW Text II Patents
Unit 15 Week 15(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: rupt;pend Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Patents
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: rupt;pend 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Have you ever been present in a court trial or seen one on TV or in movies? Share your knowledge with your classmates.b.Is cybercrime becoming a increasingly serious problem in our society? Are there any effective ways of combating it B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B 4.HMW Text II Courts
Unit 16 Week 16(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: spec/spic;spir Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Courts
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: spec/spic;spir 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.What were the major causes of World War II?
b.What were the attitudes of France, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union toward the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy and Japan? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B 4.HMW Text II How Did World War II Start
Unit 17 Week 17(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: sens/sent;stru/struct Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II How Did World War II Start
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining B.to learn Stems: sens/sent;stru/struct 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Discuss the caused for housing shortage.b.in your opinion, what special adjustments, if any, are necessary when different generations of a family live together? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B 4.HMW Text II Mobile Homes
Unit 18 Week 18(2 periods)Lesson Goals: To attain knowledge of the reading skill: Outlining & Stems: cycle;ped;pod;gram, graph;chron Procedure: 1.Homework checking(15 minutes): Text II Mobile Homes
2.Reading skills learning(30 minutes)A.to learn the reading skill: Outlining
B.to learn Stems: cycle;ped;pod;gram, graph;chron 3.Details of the text(45 minutes): A.Warm-up questions a.Have you ever watched a play?
b.What do you think are the main differences between tragedy and comedy? Which one do you prefer? Why? B.Text-learning C.Reading comprehension D.Vocabulary building E.Cloze F.Fast reading: Section B
G.Text II A Question of Ethics
第二篇：王守仁名言推荐
1、持志如心痛，一心在痛上，岂有功夫说闲话，管闲事。
2、夫万事万物之理不外于吾心。
3、你未看此花时，此花与汝心同归于寂。你来看此花时，则此花颜色一时明白起来。便知此花不在你的心外。
4、志不立，天下无可成之事。
5、圣人与天地民物同体，儒、佛、老、庄皆我之用，是之谓大道。二氏自私其身，是之谓小道。
6、天地虽大，但有一念向善，心存良知，虽凡夫俗子，皆可为圣贤。
7、心即理也。心外无理，心外无物，心外无事。
8、志不立，如无舵之舟，无衔之马，漂荡奔逸，终亦何所底乎。
9、殃莫大于叨天之功，罪莫大于掩人之善，恶莫深于袭下之能，辱莫重于忘己之耻，四者备而祸全。
10、谦者众善之基，傲者众恶之魁。
11、为学大病在好名。
12、人心之得其正者即道心；道心之失其正者即人心。
13、谦受益，满招损，器虚则受，实之不受，物之恒也。
14、夫学贵得之于心。求之于心而非也，虽其言之出于孔子，不敢以为是也，而况其未及孔子者乎？求之于心而是也，虽其言出于庸常，不敢以为非也，而况其出于孔子者乎？
15、无善无恶心之体，有善有恶意之动，知善知恶是良知，为善去恶是格物。
16、所以为圣者，在纯乎天理，而不在才力也。故虽凡人，而肯为学，使此心纯乎天理，则亦可为圣人。
17、有志于圣人之学者，外孔、孟之训而他求，是舍日月之明，而希光于萤爝之微也，不亦谬乎？
18、种树者必培其根，种德者必养其心。
19、破山中贼易，破心中贼难。
20、君子诲人不倦，而师道必严。
第三篇：王守仁《勤学》文言文原文及翻译
王守仁
原文：
已立志为君子，自当从事于学，凡学之不勤，必其志之尚未笃也。从吾游者不以聪慧警捷为高，而以勤确①谦抑为上。
诸生试观侪辈②之中，苟有虚而为盈，无而为有，讳己之不能，忌人之有善，自矜自是，大言欺人者，使其人资禀虽甚超迈，侪辈之中有弗疾恶之者乎？有弗鄙贱之者乎？彼固将以欺人，人果遂为所欺？有弗窃笑之者乎？苟有谦默自持，无能自处③，笃志力行，勤学好问，称人之善而咎己之失，从人之长而明己之短，忠信乐易④，表里一致者，使其人资禀虽甚鲁钝，侪辈之中有弗称慕之者乎？彼固以无能自处而不求上人，人果遂以彼为无能？有弗敬尚之者乎？
诸生观此，亦可以知所从事于学矣。
（选自《王文成公全书》）
【注释】
①确：确实，踏实。②侪（chái）辈：同辈。③无能自处：以没有能力的态度自处。④乐易：乐观和蔼，平易近人。
译文：
已经立志做君子，自然应当从事于学问，凡是求学不能勤奋（的人），必定是他的意志还不够坚定的缘故。跟随我求学的人，不是把聪慧机警敏捷为上选，而是把勤奋踏实、谦逊低调作为首要条件。
各位同学试看你们同学当中，假若有人以虚作满，以无装有，忌讳自己所没有的能力，忌妒他人的长处，自我炫耀自以为是，讲大话骗人的人，假若这个人天资禀赋虽然特别优异，同学当中有不痛恨厌恶他的人吗?有不鄙弃轻视他的人吗?他固然可以用这些欺骗人，别人果真就会被他欺骗吗？有不暗中讥笑他的人吗?假若有人谦虚沉默自我持重，以没有能力的态度自处，坚定意志努力行动，勤学好问；称赞别人的长处而责备自己的过失；学习别人的长处而能明白自己的短处；忠诚信实，乐观和蔼，平易近人，表里如一的人，假若这个人天资禀赋虽然非常愚鲁迟钝，同学当中有不称赞羡慕他的人吗?他固然以没有能力的态度自处，并且不求超过他人，别人果真就认为他没有能力？有不尊敬崇尚他的人吗?
第四篇：浅析王守仁个人心学体系思想的形成
浅析王守仁个人心学体系思想的形成摘要：哲学是宏观的，不是具体的。表面上看起来哲学宏观的那么难以把握。其实不然，哲学就是一种思维方式。在理学行将崩溃的时刻，心学的诞生，无疑为中国古代哲学开辟了一条崭新的路径。
关键词：心学；社会；家庭；个人
中国有着上千年的历史，上千年的历史又孕育出了上千年的文化。在中国的传统文化中，形形色色的哲学成为了历史发展的主流。儒释道的经典，再加上玄学，理学，心学的诠释，形成了具有中国特色的诸多文化底蕴。王守仁心学以其特有的活力，纵横于封建社会后期，奇风特起，一时两无。
1“你未看此花时，此花与汝心同归于寂；你来看此花时，则此花颜色一时明白起来：便知此花不在你的心外。”（《传习录》）此精妙话语一出，世人皆知王守仁之语。王守仁，字伯安，别号阳明子，浙江馀姚人。生于明宪宗成化八年（公元一四七二年），卒于世宗嘉靖七年（公元一五二九年）。其致良知思想在中国哲学史上有过非常卓越的贡献。有道是，饮水思源。当后人们在为其思想争论不休的时候，对他的心学体系的形成过程没有足够的重视。事实上，没有渊源的理论是经不住推敲的。当世人为其思想痴迷时，了解其思想的形成也有很有必要的。了解其思想的形成，对于更加细致地了解王守仁的心学思想有着极大的意义。
关于其思想的形成过程，将从以下几个方面来阐述。
一、社会环境的变迁
（一）主流思想的弊端丛生
众所周知，在有明一代，乃至往前的几百年里。统治阶级一向奉朱熹的理学为主流。上行下效，在心学之前的几百年中，理学一直是放之四海而皆准的官学，不可动摇。更有明初统治者以理学开国为标榜，科场选材皆以朱学为准。“原夫明初诸儒，皆朱子门人之支流余裔，师承有自，矩镬秩然。曹端胡居仁笃践履，谨绳墨，守先儒之正传，无敢改错。”（《明史·儒林传》）然而，在历经百年之后，集理学之大成的朱熹所创制的理论，已经不再如当初的辉煌和完善，反而日益趋于僵化，保守和封闭。曾有文人文征明所指朱学之弊，“偷簿自画，假美言以护所不足；甘于面墙，而不自知其堕于庸劣焉尔。”（《何氏语林序》，《明海文》卷二一二）
显而易见的是，当一个思想被世人所追认为绝对真理的时刻。这一思想不可避免地要走向另一个极端，也就是逐步走想衰退。因为，绝对真理是无可辩驳的，是至高无上的，是放之四海皆准的，当一种思想到达这一极端时，已经远远背离了其本身的初衷，失却了继续发展的空间。这样的思想走向衰落也就成了必然。
（二）非主流思想的冲击
非主流，是现在的词汇。用于当时，喻指市民等非官方思想。有明一代，在南方富庶地区资本主义早期萌芽的产生，对原本自给自足的封建自然经济产生了巨大的冲击。“……寻至正德末嘉靖初则少异矣。商贾既多，土田不重。操货交接，起落不常。能者方成，拙者乃毁。东家已富，西家自贫。……”2封建自然经济的动摇必然带动了以往传统观念的淡漠。民风习气也较以往发生了很大的变化。在明朝初年，风尚尚且淳朴，然自正德，嘉靖之后，世风日渐奢靡。“贫民世富，其奢侈乃日复一日。”（《震泽县志·卷二十五》）朱子理学中那种绝对的天理，以及由此产生的诸多理论不仅对于现实没有任何的指导意义，反而成为了现实中读书人日益虚伪，奢靡的来源。
二、家庭环境的熏陶
中国近代学术大师梁启超说过：“孟子知人论世之义，以谓欲治一家之学，必先审知其人身世之所经历，盖百家皆然。况于阳明先生者，以知行合一为教，其表见于事为者，正其学术精诣所醉化也。”（《饮冰室合集》五，《文集》之四十《阳明传及阳明先生弟子录序》）这就是说，在中国这样一个家庭观念重达的社会，家庭的影响势必会对个人产生难以磨灭的痕迹。因此，要探讨王守仁心学思想的形成，首先要去了解王守仁思想渊源与其先世家族的关系。
3王守仁六世祖王纲(1302-1372，字性常，一字德常，弟秉常、敬常，并以文学知名，而纲“尤善识鉴，有文武长才一；少与永嘉高则诚族人元章相友善，往来山水间，时人莫测也”（张壹民《王性常先生传》，（吴光、钱明等编《王阳明全集》第1380页。以下凡引此书皆简称《全集》并注页码））。直至70岁时还是被刘伯温推荐到朝中当了兵部郎中。最后在广东征苗时死于增城。
王纲死时，阳明五世祖王彦达年仅十六，虽以荫得官，然痛父以忠死难，故躬耕养母，粗衣恶食，终生不仕，“人称孝子”（《全集》第1387页），“有隐操”（《全集》第1381页），因居秘图湖之侧，号为秘湖渔隐。曾悉取先世所遗书付子与准曰：“但毋废先业而已，不以仕进望尔也”（《全集》第1381页）为此，阳明对先祖有颂扬之辞谓：“父死于忠，子蝉其孝，各安其心，自刃不见，又知有一祀之荣乎？”（《全集》第966页）
王杰，字世杰。阳明曾祖，因先世尝植三槐于门，故自号槐里子。杰自为童子时，即有
志圣贤之学，年十四，已尽通四书五经及宋儒之说。后又数次以亲老辞，躬耕受徒，以养其母。母卒乃以名儒宿学应贡，入南雍。官至编修杰言行一以古圣贤为法，尝谓门人曰：“学者能见得曾点意思，将洒然无入而不自得，爵禄之无动于衷，不足言也”（《全集第1384页》）
王守仁之父王华（1446—1522）字德辉，别号实庵，又号海日翁，因常读书于
余姚龙泉山，故人称龙山先生.华幼时已警敏有胆识，“始能言，槐里公口授以诗，诗经耳辄成诵，稍长，读书过目不忘”（《全集》第1387页）
其他众人自不一一评述。总括之，王守仁的先祖王纲和父亲王华，以忠贞称著;祖父王伦，以孝悌闻名;还有则如王杰，以洒脱、隐逸避世而自得。因此，在王守仁思想中，既有追求功名的大志向，又有创新说法的现实冲动，更兼有隐逸避世的潇洒自得。王守仁的性格的多重性，这是他的心学思想形成过程中不可缺少的一部分。
三、个人经历的磨难
家庭环境的熏陶固然是重要的，但作为独立的个体的人来说，其后天的经历也是影响其一生的不可或缺的重要一环。
据诸家史传记载，王守仁从小秉性“英毅凌迈，超侠不羁”（《龙溪集》卷二《滁阳会语》）；“平生性野多违俗”（《全集》第1217页）。后王守仁自己也反省曰：“说：“臣在少年，粗心浮气，狂诞自居。自后涉渐历久，稍知惭沮；逮今思之，悔创靡及。”（《全集》第297页）他常练习骑射，留心兵法，勤研韬略之书，尝曰：“儒者患不知兵仲尼有文章，必有武备。区区章句之儒，平日叨窃富贵，以词章粉饰太平，临事遇变，束手尤策，此通儒之所羞也”（《皇明大儒王阳明出身靖乱录》卷上）在立志功名的同时，少年王守仁还抱有强烈的成圣欲望：“某十五六岁时，便有志圣人之道。”（《阳明先生遗言录》下卷）
15他得罪宦官刘瑾被贬去贵州偏僻山区的“龙场驿站”，历经了几年艰难困苦的流放生涯。阳明先生早期师承朱熹，曾按朱熹“格物致知”的教诲坐在竹子前七天七夜，以图穷竹子之理，可是最终什么也没发现，自己却病了一场。从此，他对朱熹的理学产生了怀疑。在龙场的缺衣少食、举目无亲的贫困生活中，他的思想曾一度陷于绝望。但在苦思冥想之后的一天，他突然间大彻大悟，对《大学》的中心思想有了新的领会，发现心是万事万物的根本，世界上的一切都是心的产物，由此创造了他的“心学”基础。三年后，王守仁走出龙场，之后在仕途游历，担任地方官时造福百姓，执掌帅印之后平定诸多叛乱。王守仁用自己一生的立德、立功、立言，为后人留下了一笔宝贵的文化遗产，他临终前，他的学生周积问他还有什么遗言，他指着胸口说：“此心光明，亦复何言！”（《阳明先生遗言录》下卷）
无论是王守仁所处的时代，还是他所接受的家庭熏陶，以及他的个人经历。无一不是在一种个人意识占主导的前提条件下进行的。正如我们常说的，治世兴理学，乱世兴心学。在明王朝的腐朽黑暗的统治下，社会的普遍发展规律无疑遭受了前所未有的冲击。人们在极端腐败的统治下，见到的，更多的是官员昏聩无能，鱼肉乡里。社会发展的必然规律在那个时代被个人意志过多地遮盖了。人们把更多地希望寄托在某个优秀的个人身上，而忽略了，甚至是抹杀了社会发展的必然规律。在马克思主义看来，这无疑是荒谬的。但事实上，就当时的时代特点来说，这无疑是最好的解决方法。就家庭因素来说，王守仁的家庭突出一个“隐”字。隐，意味着归隐，归隐则意味着个人意识的极度泛滥。尤其在王朝极端腐朽破败的时候，归隐是为了保全自己。在保全自己的同时，个人意识已经在极度地自我膨胀了。这更在一定程度上加剧了主观与客观的分离。
结合上述论证材料，可以得出这样的结论：在王守仁所处的时代，概括为，个人意志凸显；而他的家庭影响，概括为，归隐田园不争；而他的经历，可以概括为，效忠皇权不二。正是因为有了个人意志凸显，归隐田园不争，效忠皇权不二这些主观意识的影响。所以，王守仁理论的出发点必然不会像先前的张载，二程一样，以客观世界的某种现实物质作为出发点来来论证自己的理学。他只能够以唯心主义的姿态来屹立于中国哲学之林。这和王守仁一生所受的主观意识的影响是分不开的。
参考文献：
1陈荣捷.中国哲学文献选编.江苏:江苏教育出版社.2顾炎武.《天下郡国利病书》卷三十二《歙县风土论》.3钱明.阳明学的形成与发展.江苏:江苏古籍出版社.
第五篇：新概念2册第九课教案
Lesson Nine
A Cold Welcome Teaching Aims and demands:
1.Learn how to pronounce the difficult words in the text correctly.2.Grasp the main idea of the passage 3.Grasp the usage of the following words: welcome, crowd, gather etc.4.Learn a kind of word formation by adding affix---affixation.5.Practice oral English with the topic “My first day’ experience at primary school/university”? Teaching Key points and difficult points: 1.the use of “when” clause
2.welcome, crowd, gather, strike, hand, happen, shout, refuse, at the moment , laugh at danger etc.Teaching Procedures: Period 1: I.Introduction to the text and asking some questions.Introduce backgrounds of this text.Questions:
1.Where did we go on New Year’s Eve? 2.Were there a lot of people there or not? II.Ask students to go through the text and finish the pre-class work to get the main idea of the text.Then analyze the text’s structure.In how many minutes would the Town Hall clock strike twelve? 2 At what time did it stop? Did it refuse to welcome the New Year or not? 4 what did the crowd do them? Period 2:
Explain the text in details.1 A cold welcome 冷遇
cold adj.冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的
cold fish 冷漠的人
My brother is a cold fish.lucky dog 幸运的人
What does “a cold welcome” refer to ?（refer to 指„„）★welcome n.欢迎；v.欢迎
① n.欢迎(greeting;reception)
a cold welcome 冷遇
② v.欢迎
welcome to+地点
welcome to China；welcome to my home；welcome home；welcome back;welcome aboard!③ adj.受欢迎的You are welcome.You are welcome to+地点 On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.morning，afternoon，evening前如果加修饰词则用介词on，否则用in Town Hall 市政厅 It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天 a large crowd of the people 一大群人
★crowd n.人群
① n.人群
in the crowd 在人群中
A large crowd of people 一群人，没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群 a group of people 一群人，有次序的人群
crowds of people 许多人, 人山人海 the college crowd 大学伙伴;raise oneself above crowd出类拔萃
e.g.I spotted him in the crowd.我在人群中一眼就认出了他
He pushed his way through the crowd.There was a crowd of 20,000 people at the football match.② v.拥挤, 挤满
A crowded train;Many tourists crowded into the scenic spot;★gather v.聚集
① vt.使集拢，集合，召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.A large crowd soon gathered.The clouds speedily gathered again and it seemed to rain.② vt 收集，采集，收（庄稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers.孩子们在外面地里采花。It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。③ vi.集拢，聚集，集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集 4 It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.★strike v.打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）①v.打，击
She struck the man in the face.e.g.A good idea struck/occurred to me.突然想到一个好主意 ② v.敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
strike the clock（人）敲钟
clock strike 钟自己响Listen, the clock is striking.strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数 strike a match擦火柴 strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁 minutes'名词所有格，用来表达时间 名词所有格表示时间或距离
It will leave in five minutes'time.in twenty(minutes'time)名词所有格可省略
an hour's time How far is the school from here? 3 minutes' walk.三分钟路程。5 The big minute hand did not move.★hand n.(表或机器的)指针；手
minute hand；second hand；hour hand;second hand 二手的，旧的，秒针
wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.)（secs.是seconds 的缩写）give sb a hand=help sb;wash one’s hands=quit doing sth习惯用法：get the upper hand of 占…上风;hand and foot手脚并用;show one’s hand(to)摊牌;hand to hand短兵相接 We waited and waited, but nothing happened.waited and waited 等啊等啊, 强调动作的重复（walked and walked；run and run）★happen vi.事情做主语, 事情发生 What happened? Nothing happened.Happen to 发生在某人身上
e.g.She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.Happen to do sth.偶然做某事e.g.I happened to see him on the street.It happens that…碰巧；恰好 e.g.It so happened that the famous actor was her brother.7 Suddenly someone shouted ★shout v.喊;shout at sb对…大喊大叫（不礼貌）；shout to sb 对…大声喊（使听到）
call out 大声喊叫;cry out 大声哭喊;scream 尖叫 8 It was true.It was true that+从句„„是一个事实 The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.★refuse v.拒绝
① vt.拒绝（接受、服从等）She refused the gift.② vt.拒不，不肯，不愿
refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事;I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开;I refuse to move.我拒绝移动 John refused to change his mind.约翰拒不改变主意。The car refused to start.The boy refused to lend me his dictionary.③ vi.拒绝，不接受
e.g.I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.对他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。10 At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.★Begin on sth;begin by doing sth;begin doing=begin to do;start doing=start to do e.g.She began on the violin and later changed to the cello（大提琴）.She began by telling a joke.From beginning to end;from the beginning;from the very beginning;
In/at the beginning ★at that moment = just then 就在那时;at the moment = now 现在, 此刻, 在此时 ★laugh at danger 等闲视之
e.g.He who laughs last laughs best.Laugh at sb取笑，讥笑；laugh to oneself独自发笑；smile at对…微笑；make fun of sb捉弄 Laughter n.笑声；笑 a home full of laughter
Laughing adj.快乐的，欢笑的 e.g.It’s no laughing matter.Laughing stock Period 3 Further explain the text in details.1.…a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.„„一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。
had gathered为过去完成时，表示过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。(第14课语法)2.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.再过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。(1)这句话的时态为过去将来时。
(2)in+表示时间长度的短语可译为“„„时间之后”，一般与将来时连用：
Please wait a moment here.Jack will be back in a few minutes.请在此稍候。杰克几分钟之后就回来。
(3)strike的基本含义是“打”、“击”：
She struck the man in the face.她打了那人的脸。
3.We waited and waited, but nothing happened.我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。
动词 happen作“发生”、“出现”讲时，主语是物：
Have you heard what happened to Sam this morning?
你听说今天上午萨姆发生了什么事了吗?
An interesting thing happened last night.昨晚发生了一件有趣的事。
4.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。
这句话中的两个动词 refuse和welcome在一般情况下主语都是人。
用大钟作主语是一种拟人手法 Grammar in use
1.引导时间状语的介词 in, on, at, during, till与 until
(1)用in的时间短语有：
A、表示一天中的某段时间：
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon/ evening 在下午/晚上
B、表示月份或年份:
in March 在3月
in September 在9月
in 1984 在1984年
C、表示季节：
in(the)spring 在春天
in(the)winter 在冬天
in+ 一段时间有两种含义。它可以表示“在某段时间之内”，这时它可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某个动作有关：
I always eat my breakfast in ten minutes.我总是在10分钟之内吃完早饭。
I finished the examination in two hours.我在两小时之内做完了考题。
另外，它还可以表示“„„时间之后”，与将来时连用：
Mother will be back in ten days.母亲10天后回来。
(2)用on的时间短语有：
A、表示星期：
on Monday 星期一
on Friday 星期五
on Monday morning/evening 在星期一早上/晚上表示日期
on June 1st 在6月1日
on 23rd March 在3月23日
(在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中则分别读为：on June the first, on the 23rd of March)
B、表示星期+日期：
on Monday, June 1st 在6月 1日，星期一
C、表示具体时间：
on that day 在那一天
on that evening 在那天晚上
My brother's birthday is on August 12th.我哥哥的生日是8月12日。
(3)用at的时间短语有：
A、表示确切的时间：
at 10 o'clock 在10点钟
at 5 'clock 在5点钟
B、表示用餐时间：
at lunch/ dinner time 在午饭/正餐时间
at teatime 在茶点时间
C、表示其他时刻：
at noon/ night/ midnight 在中午/夜里/半夜
at this time 在这时
Liz came to see me at ten/ teatime.莉兹10点/在茶点时来看我了。
(4)during后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间。它有时可以用in替代：
It was very hot during the summer.那年夏天很热。
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.在这半小时内他打了4次电话。
但在下面的例句中则不可用in替代during:
I met him sometime during the week.我是在这一周的某天遇见他的。
During the whole winter it never snowed.整个冬季一直没下雪。
(5)from„till„指一段明确的时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October.旅游季节从6月一直到10月。
(6)当所用动词只表示一个短暂的动作(如finish, leave)时，则只能在否定句中用till/ until:
I won't leave till/ until Monday.我要到星期一才离开。
2.否定句的两种形式：not any与 no
对于一般疑问句，可以有两种否定的回答：
--Did you buy books?
--你买书了吗?
--No, I didn't buy any books./No, I bought no books.--没，我没买书。
否定词no比not any的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。no可构成复合词nobody, none, nothing, nowhere;any可构成复合词anybody, anything和anywhere。
在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词(包括never, hardly等词)：
It seems that nobody understands me.好像没有一个人理解我。
I hardly go to school these days.这些日子我几乎不去上学。
而除黑人英语外一般不说“I can't get no eggs.” Period 4: exercises Structure They went to the Town Hall on Wednesday evening.They went __________.(a)the evening(b)on the evening(c)evening(d)in the evening 4 The people __________ under the Town Hall clock.(a)were(b)was(c)is(d)be 5 __________ will it strike? In twenty minutes' time.(a)When(b)How long(c)How long ago(d)How much 6 What time did it stop? __________ five to twelve.(a)On(b)At(c)In(d)During 7 Did __________ happen? No, nothing happened.(a)nothing(b)anything(c)any(d)a thing Vocabulary
How many times did the clock __________?(a)hit(b)beat(c)knock(d)strike 9 It was fifteen minutes __________ eleven.(a)pass(b)past(c)passed(d)pasted l0 A clock usually has two hands, a minute hand and __________ hand.(a)a second(b)an hour(c)a time(d)a big 11 Most people wear or carry __________.(a)an alarm clock(b)an alarm(c)a clock(d)a watch 12 It refused to welcome the New Year.It __________.(a)denied it(b)wanted to(c)didn't want to(d)wished to
Key to Multiple choice questions
c 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 b 11 d 12 c
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