第一篇:沪教版深圳市九年级下册英语中考复习状语从句.教案 叶碧洁
状语从句
授课教师:叶碧洁
授课时间:5月14日
时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since,whenever
地点状语从句where, wherever
原因状语从句because, since, as, for
目的状语从句so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that
方式状语从句as, as if / though
结果状语从句so/such…that…, so that
条件状语从句if, unless, in case, as long as, provided(that), providing, supposed(that), supposing
让步状语从句although, though, as, even if(though)
通过上表可知,某些词汇可以引导不同类型的状语从句,例如so that既可以引导目的状语从句也可以引导结果状语从句(两者所表示的含义恰好相反);as引导状语从句时有四种可能——as可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句和让步状语从句,要根据具体语境来确定这些词汇的实际含义。
状语从句在复合句中作状语,其位置较灵活,可以在主句之前、之后或中间(放在句首时状语从句后面常用逗号,放在句末时状语从句前面往往不用逗号)。根据状语从句的含义,状语从句主要分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等八种。掌握以上各种状语从句的关键在于把握其相应的引导词 1.地点状语从句的用法
地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常由where引导。例如:Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。// They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。2.时间状语从句用法总结
时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同,要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系,以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。
1.when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析:
(1)when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生,注意体会如下例句:I’ll call you when I get there.我一到那里就给你打电话。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.只要风一吹,这门就吱嘎作响。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time.他不再试了,其实他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。
如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如:When(you are)in trouble, ask her for help.当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。// When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep.当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。
(2)while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如:Study while you study;play while you play.该学习的时候就学习,该玩的时候就玩。// I met her while I was at school.当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。
(3)as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时,一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作),或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如:He jumps as he goes along.他边走边跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home.我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased.刮风的时候噪声增大。
2.before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析:
before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前,after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如:See me before you leave.在你离开之前来见我。// Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在驾驶公共汽车之前,他们必须通过专门测验。// I saw them after I arrived.在我抵达之后,我见到了他们。// I found his pen after he has left.在他走后,我找到了他的笔。
3.till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析: /4
till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同,一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式,till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到„„为止”,跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到„„才(开始)”,例如:Walk till you come to a white house.一直走到一座白房子为止。// We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。
4.since引导的时间状语从句分析:
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”,其用法主要有两种:
(1)现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如:He hasn’t been home since he graduated.他毕业后没回过家。// They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。// What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后,你在做什么?
(2)It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大,后者更具强调意味)+表示一段时间的词汇+since引导的时间状语从句。例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。
注意:since做介词时也表示“自从……以来”,其具体用法有两种情况:
(1)since+表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。
例如:They have been friends since childhood.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。She’s been skiing since childhood.她从幼时起就开始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来,我曾去该地多次。
(2)since+表示一段时间的词汇+ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago.五个月以来我一直在这里。
[考题18] — What was the party like?
— Wonderful.It’s been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.before C.when D.since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示“自从……以来”。
[考题19] They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 题干中的since表示“自从……以来”,主句中的谓语动词应该表示从他们在上海相遇至今的持续性的动作,因此下划线处应填入可以表示持续性状态的have been(其他选项中的made、become、turned所表示的动作都不能延续,意味着结果)。3.原因状语从句的用法 原因状语从句表原因
1.because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如:I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
注意:“not...because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,例如:The country is not strong because it is large.国强不在大。2.since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。例如:Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你休息,你最好帮我补习数学。
注意:seeing(that),now(that),considering(that),in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,都表示“既然”。例如:Seeing(that)he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。// Now(that)you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了,就不应该依靠你的父母了。// Considering(that)everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.既然大家都到了,我们就开始讨论吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.因为有病,他觉得做不了那件事。
3.as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如:As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽车。// As you are tired, you had better rest.既然累了,你最好休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早,因为我筋疲力尽了。
4.for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如:He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。4.目的状语从句的用法
目的状语从句可以由表示“为了,以便”的so that(有时省略so),in order that和表示“以免,以防”的lest,for fear that,in case,引导lest,for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式;in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气,但也可用陈述语气)。例如:They set out early that they might arrive in time.他们早点动身,以便及时到达。// She takes notes carefully in class so that /4
she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class.她在课堂上认真记笔记,以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。// He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.他尽力大声叫喊,以便别人能听见。// I will not make a noise lest I(should)disturb you.我不出声,以免打搅你。// He is working hard for fear that he(should)fail.他认真学习,以免考不及格。// Take your umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞,以防下雨。
如果表示“为了,以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句,注意体会以下例句:He hurried through his work in order to catch the train.他匆匆干完手中的活,为的是能赶上火车。// I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting.我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。// The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating.这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放,以防作弊。// I came so early as to catch the first train.我起得早,以便能赶上头班火车。5.条件状语从句的用法
1.if 表示正面的条件,意为“如果”;unless(=if not)表示负面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”。例如:If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请求他,他会帮助你。// If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。// He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.他一定会来,除非他有急事。
2.in case,on condition that,providing,provided(that),supposing,suppose(that)等词汇意思相近,指“假如,假使,在……条件下”(比if更为书面化)。例如:In case he comes, let me know.如果他来的话,告诉我一声。// I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.我将把我的字典给你,如果你明天要还的话。// I will go, providing/provided(that)my expenses are paid.只要我的费用有人付,我就去。// Suppose/Supposing(that)he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来,我们该怎么办?
3.as long as(=so long as)表示充分必要条件,引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时,意为“只要”。例如:I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time.只要及时告诉我,我就会合作。// You may use the book so long as you will return it on time.只要你准时还,你就可以借这本书。
6.让步状语从句的用法一(表示“虽然,即使,尽管”)
1.although,though,even though,even if都表示“虽然,即使,尽管”之意,though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式),even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如:Although they are poor, they are happy.虽然他们很穷,但很快乐。// Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。// Though they may not succeed, they will still try.即使他们可能不会成功,但他们仍努力尝试。// The article is very important though it is short.那篇文章虽然很短,但很重要。// He is better, though not yet cured.他好一点了,虽仍未痊愈。// Even though it was raining, she walked to work.即使下雨,她也是走着去工作的。// I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我将去拜访他,即使我只能停留一小会儿。
注意:though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊,它可以倒装,也可以不倒装,具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。2.as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”,其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构,as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为:形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词,有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句:Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.这位作者尽管了不起,到头来却成了一个坏榜样。// Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.这个故事看似荒唐,却是真的。// Rich as he is, he is not happy.虽然他很富有,但他并不幸福。// Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子,他却能分辨黑白。// Brave(a)man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。// Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic.尽管伤势很重,他仍然十分乐观。// Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.虽然尽了最大努力,但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。
让步状语从句的用法二(表示“无论, 不管”)
表示“无论,不管”的让步状语从句的引导词在含义上各有侧重,学习其用法时要分别进行把握。
1.“no matter+疑问词”或“带后缀ever的疑问词”可以表示“不管„„”的含义,引导让步状语从句(前一结构所表示的语气要稍强于后一结构),例如:However(= No matter how)much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem.无论怎么努力,我还是解不出这道数学题。// However(=No matter how)hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.无论怎样努力,他都达不到他的目标。// Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I will not change my mind.无论你说什么,我也绝不改变主意。// Whenever(=No matter when)you come, you will be warmly welcomed.不论什么时候来,你都会受到热烈欢迎。// Wherever(=No matter where)you go, you will find the same thing.无论到哪里,你都会发现同样的事情。// Whoever(=No matter who)you are, you have no right to do such a thing.不管你是谁,你都无权做这种事。
2.“whether...or...”可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句,意为“不管„„”。例如:I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.不论你来还是留在家中,我都要去。// Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance.不管是赢是输,这都是她的最后一次机会。// Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen.不管我们喜欢不喜欢某条新闻,我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前任其播放。/4
7.结果状语从句的用法
结果状语从句表示结果,通常位于主句之后。
1.so that可以引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。
例如:He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。(so that引导结果状语从句)// It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。(so that引导结果状语从句)// I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我赶早来上课,以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(so that引导目的状语从句)2.表示“如此„„以致„„”的“so...that...”和“such...that...”均可引导结果状语从句,其中的such 是形容词,修饰名词;so 是副词,修饰形容词或副词,具体的搭配形式是:
(1)“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”;
(2)“such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。
例如:He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.他说话太快,无人听得明白。// There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.人口增长如此迅速,以致造成了粮食短缺。// Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.我们国家的煤炭非常丰富,可以大量出口。(so与表示数量的代词many,few,much,little等连用已经形成固定搭配,这些场合下不能换用such的对应结构表示)// The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.这家商店出售的货物价格昂贵,以致我在里面不想购买任何东西。// He’s such a good person that we mustn't blame him.他是这样好的人,我们不能怪他。// They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.他们是非常好的老师,我们对他们极为尊敬。// It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.天气如此之好,我想去海滩。
8.方式状语从句的用法
方式状语从句有表示“像„„”的as和表示“好像„„”的as if/as though,例如:Let’s study as Lei Feng studied.让我们像雷锋那样学习吧。// Think as I think.像我这样去想。// He talks as if/though he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了。
如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,可用so(adj./adv.)as to取代该结果状语从句,注意体会以下例句:The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take.天气恶劣,以致难以拍出来好照片。// He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient.他是如此热心,以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。// How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么这么笨,竟相信了他的话? /4
第二篇:沪教版深圳市九年级下册英语中考复习一般将来时态 .教案 叶碧洁
`一般将来时
授课教师:叶碧洁
授课时间:2015年4月23日
一般将来时表示将来某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,经常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:soon, tomorrow,next week, in a few days等。例如:Where will you be this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在那儿?
(一)一般将来时的构成
一般将来时由“助动词shall/will+动词原形”构成。系动词am, is, are都用动词原形be。1.shall用于第一人称后表示一般将来时,一般只限于肯定句和否定句中。shall通常用于第一人称后,由其构成的一般疑问句用来询问对方的意见,这时的shall不含将来含义,也不可被will替代。例如:
There’s no one to answer the phone.What shall we do? 没有人接电话,我们该怎么办? 2.美国英语中,不论什么人称和数,一律用“will+动词原形”。在口语中,will常缩写为’ll,与主语连写在一起。如:I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, they’ll;而shall not常缩写为shan’t,will not常缩写为won’t。
(二)一般将来时的各种句式 1.肯定句
主语+shallwill+动词原形。例如:
I shallwill work next year.明年我将要工作了。2.否定句
主语+shall will+not+动词原形。例如:
I won’t tell anyone what you said.你说的话我不会告诉任何人。3.一般疑问句
含一般将来时的句子变成一般疑问时只需把will 或shall提到主语前面,既句首,并大写首字母就可以了。例如:
—Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你将前往北京吗? —Yes, I will.是的,我将要去。
No, I won’t.不,我不去。4.特殊疑问句
变成特殊疑问句的时候,通常结构是“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序,也就是“疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其他成分?”。如果是对主语提问,则主语就不在句子中出现。例如:
Who will leave for Beijing next week?下周谁将前往北京?
(三)一般将来时的用法
1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:
I will return the book in a few days.我过几天会还这本书。2.表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如:
They will go to the park every Sunday.他们将每周日去公园。
(四)There be 句型的一般将来时
There be 句型的一般将来时表示“将来有„„”。
1.肯定句的结构为:There will be+ 物+ 介词短语+其他。例如:
There will be cars in people’s home in the future..将来人们的家里会很多的小汽车。2.否定句的结构为:There won’t be + 物+介词短语+ 其他。例如:
There won’t be any trees in this place in two years.两年后这个地方就不会有树了。3.疑问句的结构为:Will there be +物+介词短语+其他? 例如: —Will there be less pollution? 将来会有更少的污染吗? —Yes, there will.是的,会的。—No, there won’t.不,不会。
另外,be going to结构也表示将来。
一、be going to 的用法点拨
be going to 是一种固定结构,它后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有“准备;打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如:
We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排)
Look at the black clouds.It's going to rain.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测)
二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式
be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形,它一般有三种形式,即:am , is , are。当主语是 I 时用am ;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。例如:
I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。
She is going to see Mr.Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。
三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法
由于句子中有助动词be,因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易,即在be(am, is, are)的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be(am, is, are)放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are./ No, 主语+ isn't/aren't./ No, I'm not.不过 I am...在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you....?”。例如:
They are going to see the car factory next week.(肯定句)
They are not going to see the car factory next week.(否定句)
-Are they going to see the car factory next week?
-Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)(一般疑问句及其回答)
四、使用be going to 应注意的两点
1.There be 句型的be going to 结构为:There is / are going to be...(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。)常用来表示将有某事发生。例如:
There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
2.come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如:
Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。
第三篇:英语同步练习题考试题试卷教案九年级英语宾语从句状语从句
中考英语练习宾语从句状语从句专项训练
一、单项选择:
1、Do you know how much hot water ? A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ? A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he
3、I didn’t know how to London? A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going
4、I want to know how long A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back
5、Do you know ? A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news
6、He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is
7、He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
8、Father music when he young
A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is
9、I liked sports I was young.A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because
10、mother got home, I was tidying my room.A. After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
11、The teacher didn’t begin her class the students stopped talking.A.until B.because C.after D.when
12、If it tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great wall.A.doesn’t rain B.won’t rain C.not rains D.isn’t rain
13、Could you tell me we get to the plane? A.how B.whether C.where D.what
14、When they got to the cinema the film for ten minutes.A.had been on B.has begun C.began D.had begun
15、The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.A.if B.who C that D.what
16、Lucy looks stronger Lily.A.than B.as C.then D.not as
17、I know nothing about it he told me.A.because B.since C.until D.after
18、You must make your new house clean and safe you move in.A.because B.when C.before D.until
19、I was tired I couldn’t walk on.A.so…that B.too…to C.very…that D.very…to
20、I thought he to see his mother if he ______ time.A. will go…has B. will go …will haVE C. would go …would have D. would go …had
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空:
1、I won’t return the book to the library because I(not finish)reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me.(stop)
3、I hope he(come)back in a week.4、It(rain)hard when I got to the factory this morning.5、The old man told the children(not walk)in the rice fields.6、He told me he(help)her with her maths the next evening.7、She said they(know)each other for quite some time.8、If it(not rain)tomorrow, we(visit)the Palace’s Museum.9、John(write)something when I(go)to see him.10、Our teacher told us that light(travel)much faster than sound.11、When I got to the cinema, the film(begin)
12、Mike asked me if we(ask)any questions the next class.13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you(finish)doing your homework?
14、Comrade Wang didn’t know if there(be)an English evening that day.15、Please tell me if she(come)again next time.
第四篇:九年级英语宾语从句专题复习教案
九年级英语宾语从句专题复习教案
作者:admin 资源来源:本站原创 点击数:
【复习内容】宾语从句考点归纳
【复习目标】
1.掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2.掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3.掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
【重点】语序和时态呼应
【难点】语序和时态呼应
【学生练习】
试一试,你能将下列句子改为宾语从句吗?
1。She is a careful girl.The teacher said a careful girl.2。Will they win?
I wonder.3。Does the plane stop on the way?
Could you tell me the plane on the way or not?
4。What does he want?
Mother asked me.5。He has bought the dictionary.He said that he the dictionary.6。What is his name?
The teacher asked me.7。What is wrong with your computer?
Mr.Wang knew with your computer.8。I asked, “Are you doing your homework, Meimei?”
I asked Meimei doing homework.9。The baby asked Mother, “Why does the sun rise from the east?”
The baby asked Mother why from the east.10。“Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?” the driver said to the policeman.The driver asked the policeman get to the post office.Key:
1.she, was 2.if, they, will, win 3.whether, stops 4.what, he, wanted 5.had, bought 6.what, his, name, was 7.what, was, wrong 8.if she, was, her 9.why, the, sun, rises 10.how, he(she),could
【教师指导】
一,所谓宾语从句就是句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当,当一个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的三要点:
1、引导词
2、从句语序
3、从句的时态
二、宾语从句的连接词或引导词
1.连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。eg.I am afraid(that)you are right.2.连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg.Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.3.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。eg.1.He asked ______________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)
2.Do you know__________________________.(他们在等谁)
3.He asked ____________________________________________.(谁的书法是班上最好的)
4.Please tell me ____________________________.(我们什么时候开会)
5.Can you tell me ______________.(他在哪儿)
6.Could you tell me ____________________________.(我该怎么去站)
7.Would you tell me ____________________.(为什么火车迟到了)
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?(√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.四、宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
eg.I thought(that)you are free today.(╳)
I thought(that)you would be free today.(√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg.The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.五。其他需要说明的问题
1.标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg.I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、宾语从句的特殊情形
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”结构中,宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的,则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序?”
如:What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?
3.宾语从句的否定形式
在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句,如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义,一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去,即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的(意义)谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如:
1、I don't think he will come.2、I don't think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won't he?
4.句式的转变
1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等,其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成动词不定式结构。
如:Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon.Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如:I don't know what I should say.I don't know what to say.3、当tell,learn,show,teach等动词其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如:Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为:Could you tell me how to get there?
【课堂同步检测】
做一做,你是不是有很大提高呢?
1.-Could you please tell me ___ to do in your spare time?
A.what do you like
B.what you like
C.how would you like.-Could you tell me ___ ?
-He lives in London Street.A.Where Tony lives B.Where does Tony live C.Where did Tony live
3.-I wonder _____for this school trip next Sunday.Can you tell me?
A.where shall we go B.where we shall go C.when we shall go
4.-What did Maria ask just now?
-She wondered ___.A.where Tony lived B.where Tony lives C.where doesTony live
5.-Mr.White ,what did my mom talk with you just now?
-Oh,she wondered ___.A.if you study hard at school
B.how you study at school
C.What did you study at school
6.-Pardon?
-I wonder___this morning.A.how do you come here B.how did you come here
C.how you came here
7.Could you tell me _____? A.when does the train arrive
B.when the train arrives
C.when arrives the train
8.-We never know _____ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which
9.Could you tell me ___? A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back
C.when Tom will come back
10.Do you know __ during the coming summer holiday?
A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do
C.what Tom will do
【课外巩固】
练一练,你已经很棒了,再来最后一搏吧。
1.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ___ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.-I don't know ___ Mr.Green will come to see us.-He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.-We never know __ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.I was told ___ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that
C.when that D.that when
5.-Do you know ___? I'm going to see him.-Sorry, I don't know.A.where does Mr.Li live
B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives
D.where Mr.Li lived
6.-Where do you think __ he __ the computer?
-Sorry, I have no idea.A./; bought B.has;bought
C.did;buy D.does;buy
7.-Where is Jack?
-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____.A.that B.which
C.where D.there
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.2.Light travels faster than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn't know.Jack didn't know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.【复习小结】
1、变宾语从句的四个要素:引导词、语序、时态和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态的一致性(即:当主句是过去式时,从句要用过去范畴的某种时态,客观真理或自然现象除外)
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第五篇:2014年秋季九年级班英语学科教学工作总结(叶碧洁) (5000字)
飞逝过往 放眼未来
—2014年秋季九年级(1)班英语学科教学工作总结
时间飞逝,紧张而又繁忙的一学期又结束了。本学期,我担任九(1)班的英语教学工作,在工作中从各方面严格要求自己,勤勤恳恳,兢兢业业,使教学工作有计划,有组织,有步骤地进行。现在我对本
学期的教育教学工作总结如下:
一、基本情况分析:
本学期,我接手的这个班是学生从四年级开始便接手,学生在原来小学阶段时成绩还是可以,但是由于学生的年级越是往上,成绩却也不容乐观,加上学生的流动性较大,大都数成绩较好的学生都渐渐转校,造成本学期整体大部分的学生均处于英语基础不好、对英语学习兴趣不大等问题。针对这一情况,我决定重新提高学生的学习兴趣,因为兴趣是最好的老师,如果学生对你不感兴趣,无论你怎样努力,也是没有多大效果的。因此,我经常和他们谈心,了解他们的心理动态,和他们交朋友,希望能够走进他们的心灵,从而在学习生活上给予他们更多的帮助。
二、主要成绩:(一)教学成绩方面
本学期所有的工作,在磕磕碰碰当中,基本上结束得还算圆满,学生们也进行了三次月考成绩,我所任教的班,平均分不太理想,只有个别的学生成绩较为乐观。(二)思想教育方面
本人力求让学生在学习学科知识的同时,培养综合素质,形成能力,因此在教学过程中融入了全面发展的理念,虽然不是班主任,但是所做的工作,完全可以与班主任媲美。比如积极插手班级学风、班风建设,在引导学生形成自信健康、积极向上的人生态度,培养终身教学的自学能力,养成良好的学习和生活习惯等方面,都做了大量的实践探究,学生整体思想素质较以往有极大的提高。
同时我在上课时,力求做到精讲多练,课后,我精心设计练习,对所学知识点进行巩固练习。使讲解清晰,准确,条理,做到线索清晰,层次分明,言简意赅,深入浅出。在课堂上特别注意调动学生的积极性,加强师生交流,充分体现学生的主体作用,让学生有更多动口动手动脑的机会。同时在每一堂课上都充分考虑每一个层次的学生学习需求和学习能力,让各个层次的学生都得到提高。现在学生对英语的反应较好。
三、具体做法:
1.坚持认真备课:在上课前,我做到了认真备课。不但备学生而且备教材备教法,根据教材内容及学生的实际,在培养兴趣的基础上训练学生认读单词的能力,要求学生会读,会写,在保持兴趣的基础上学习新知识,加大听写单词的力度、设计课的类型、拟定采用的教学方法、认真写好教案。对每一课都做到“有备而来”,每堂课都在课前做好充分的准备,并制作各种利于吸引学生注意力的有趣教具,课后及时对该课做出总结,写好教学反思,并认真按搜集每课书的知识要点,归纳成集。
2.增强上课技能,提高教学质量:我在上课时,力求做到精讲多练,课后,我精心设计练习,对所学知识点进行巩固练习。使讲解清晰,准确,条理,做到线索清晰,层次分明,言简意赅,深入浅出。在课堂上特别注意调动学生的积极性,加强师生交流,充分体现学生的主体作用,让学生有更多动口动手动脑的机会。同时在每一堂课上都充分考虑每一个层次的学生学习需求和学习能力,让各个层次的学生都得到提高。现在学生对英语的反应较好。3.经常与其他老师交流,学习,从而共同进步:本学期,我借助教研活动,不断取长补短。在教学上积极与其他老师商讨,学习他们的方法,同时,认真听其他老师的课,学习别人的优点,克服自己的不足,起到很好的效果。4.做到了认真批改作业:在布置作业时,我做到了有针对性,有层次性,对不同层次的学生布置不同的作业。对学生的作业批改及时、认真,将他们在作业过程出现的问题做出分类总结,进行透彻的评讲,并针对有关情况及时改进教学方法,做到有的放矢。培养小组长帮助我检查其他学生的单词和短语的听写。
四、存在的问题:
在教学工作中还有许多需要改进之处,如:我的课堂语言还不够丰富,导致课堂气氛太过平淡。后进生学习积极性不高,对于学习基本处于被动局面等等。而学生上课回答问题不积极,参与教学活动的积极性不高。只是一味的听老师讲和做笔记。听课效率不高。经分析,原因是自己上课方式与学生以前的老师的教学方式不一样,学生不能适应;课堂上我用的英语过多,语速过快,学生跟不上、听不懂。而自己也没有很好的了解学生的实际情况,学生不回答问题或不参与教学活动,只是一味的埋怨和批评,致使学生上课更不敢回答问题,生怕回答错了以后老师会不高兴。
五、改进的措施:
1.英语教学和其他学科一样,有严谨的系统性和连贯性。学生在初
一、初二段所获得的语言技能,能否在初三年级得到继续发展,是防止分化的又一个问题。这就给教师提出了更高的要求,即力求把教学搞“实”、搞“活”。所谓“实”就是讲究实际效果,把课程标准化为具体的要求,落实到教和学上,对每课时的教学计划逐项落实。课堂上,少讲空话,多做实事,精讲多练,以学生为主;对每个单元进行考查、总结,分析存在问题,及时补缺补差,帮助学生过关。平时作业或测验得到好成绩或有进步的,一定在班上进行表扬,给予肯定;对作业错漏较多的当面批改,及时订正。所谓“活”就是侧重知识的活用训练,把外语课由“讲演课”变成“实践课”。采用任务型的教学方法,在既紧张而又活泼的气氛中学习英语,学生在情景中大量实践,用已知的学习未知的,很容易掌握所学内容。英语和其它功课一样,需要多练多做。
2.良好的师生关系对培养学生的兴趣大有帮助。我以前上课总希望学生能跟上老师的节奏和步伐,学生做不到是就容易冲动、发火,而使课堂气氛显得十分沉闷。因此,我将在今后的教学中注意控制自己的情绪,关心学生,尤其差生,同他们交朋友,不歧视他们,不动辄呵斥他们,鼓励他们的学习自信心和学习热情。让他们在自信中学习,在快乐中进步。新课程改革不是纸上谈兵,必须要与实践相结合,今后我要努力学习,积极进取,积极参与课程改革,在课改中不断学习,不断实践,不断反思。
3.培养良好的英语学习习惯。首先,要培养学生良好的学习习惯,课前多预习,课堂45分钟让学生集中注意力听讲,把老师讲的内容真正听懂。不是似懂非懂。课后认真完成配套练习,不懂的地方,多向老师或成绩好的学生请教。其次,学生学习要主次分明,主要学科课后时间分配相应的因当多一些,特别是对英语学科,因为他毕竟不是语文。基础不打好,以后想提高也难。第三,要灵活掌握学过的知识点,学习要讲究方法,举一反三,融会贯通,只有这样,学生才能把所学的知识串联起来,不容易忘记。
总之,要让学生明白,学习英语不是一天两天的事,是要靠平时慢慢积累起来的。我也会在今后的工作中,多向其他英语教师请教,逐步改进自己的课堂教学模式。让自己的课堂成为学生学习英语的一片乐土,帮助他们不断提高成绩和运用英语的能力。
执笔人:叶碧洁 2015年1月12日