英语语法构词法特级版

第一篇：英语语法构词法特级版

构词法.ppt

构词法知识

(一)后缀

1.常见名词后缀 1）－y

difficult, dear, honest, modest, deliver, discover, recover difficulty, deary, honesty, modesty, delivery, discovery, recovery 2)－ness(加在形容词后构成抽象名词)careful, careless, clever, dark, happy, ill, kind, smart, selfish, useful carefulness, carelessness, cleverness, darkness, happiness, illness, kindness, smartness, selfishness, usefulness 4)－ment abandonment, achievement, adjustment, advertisement, accomplishment, acknowledgement ,agreement, amazement, announcement, appointment, arrangement, astonishment, attainment, containment, 3)－ty(加在形容词后)cruel, entire, proper, certain, uncertain, royal, safe cruelty, entirety, property, certainty, uncertainty, royalty, safety disagree, disappoint, discourage, embarrass, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, equip, excite, govern, improve, judge, manage, postpone, punish, puzzle, refresh, replace, require, retire, employ, move, settle, treat disagreement, disappointment, discouragement, embarrassment, encouragement, enjoyment, enlargement, equipment, excitement, government, improvement, judgment, management, postponement, punishment, puzzlement, refreshment, replacement, requirement, retirement, employment, movement, settlement, treatment 5)－ion(加在动词后，动词本身以t或te结尾时)addict, abstract, act, accelerate, adopt, affect attract, connect, construct, contribute, collect, direct, digest, discuss, erupt, elect, except, inspect, instruct, interrupt, invent, irrigate, object, operate, process, product, project, prevent, pollute, protect, reflect, suggest 6)－ation specific, experiment, export, form, tax, transport, adapt, consider, consult, expect, explain, inform, inspire, recommend, relax, resign, transform, represent 7)－sion(以de结尾的动词改de为sion构成名词)conclude, explode, include 10）－ity electric, able, possible, active, equal, national, real, major, minor, moral, personal electricity, ability, possibility, activity, equality, nationality, reality, majority, minority, morality, personality 11)－al arrive, refuse, propose, survive, disapprove arrival, refusal, proposal, survival, disapproval

12)－ure /ture please, press, fail, mix, fix pleasure, pressure, failure, mixture, fixture 13)－dom free, wise freedom, wisdom 14)－hood child, neighbor, boy, brother, father childhood, neighborhood, boyhood, Brotherhood（兄弟关系，手足情意）, fatherhood(父亲的身份，父亲般的人，父权)15)－ing : ending, farming, visiting, beginning, building, surrounding, freezing, founding, drawing 16）表示人的后缀 －er

settler, jeweler, buyer, dancer, producer, watcher, reporter , rider, footballer, runner, winner, stranger, owner 例外：container, loudspeaker扬声器, tanker, drier, best-seller畅销书, hammer, drawer, poster招贴，广告, laughter, printer, photocopier复印机, recorder, prayer 祈祷 －or actor, collector, conductor, director, doctor, governor, sailor, tailor, visitor, inventor, professor, competitor, operator, editor, ancestor －ant, ent servant, patient, contestant参赛者，选手, consultant 顾问, applicant －ee表示被„„者，受„„者

trainee, trustee, examinee, employee, interviewee －ess表示女性

actress, hostess, waitress, princess －ian, an, ese表示哪个国家，州的人和职业 Canadian, Australian, Asian, Indian, Italian European, Japanese, Chinese, physician, musician, technician, librarian, politician － ist 表示„„.家„„者

chemist, scientist, zoologist, physicist, receptionist, typist, realist, dentist, artist, pianist, violinist 17）改变词义的后缀

－ful “充满，一„„之量”

boxful, cupful, glassful, mouthful, armful, plateful －ism “„„主义,„„制度”

capitalism, communism, realism, socialism, tourism －ship:表示状况，状态，性质，职务，职业，艺术或技巧 relationship, hardship, ownership, friendship

－ic(s)表示学科名字

music, logic, physics, mathematics

2.常见形容词后缀

1）－ful “充满„„的，有„„的”

helpful ,wonderful, careful, harmful, beautiful, hopeful, thankful, powerful, forceful, peaceful, skillful, colorful, cheerful 2)－less 附加在名词后，表示“没有„„的”

homeless, careless, harmless, useless, hopeless, fearless, endless, priceless 3)－able(ible)可„„的,能„„的

enjoyable, renewable, unbelievable, suitable, reasonable, eatable, acceptable, possible, invisible, sensible 4）－al(以t结尾的加-ual)加在名词后表示“有„„的属性，属于„„的” industry, nation, nature, globe, person, centre, office, spirit industrial, national, natural, global, personal, central, official, spiritual 5)–an(-ean,-ian)表示“哪国的，哪洲的”

Asian, African, American, European, Canadian, Australia 6)–y加在名词上，意为“充满，包含”

health, wealth, sun, cloud, fog, ice, dirt, thirst, dust, salt healthy, wealthy, sunny, foggy, icy ,cloudy, dirty, dusty , thirsty, salty 7)–ous加在名词上，意为“充满„„的”

courage, danger, poison, humor, fame, nerve, vary, mystery courageous, dangerous, poisonous, humorous, famous, nervous, various, mysterious 8)–ly意为“外观相似的，有„„性质的，反复发生的” likely, orderly, brotherly, fatherly, friendly, lovely, lively, monthly, daily, deadly, timely 9）－ive(-iative)表示“具有„„性质的，„„的，与„„有关的, 属于„„的”

act, instruct, expense, progress active, instructive, expensive, progressive 10)–ish表示“略带的，有点„„,有„„属性的, „„民族的”

black, white, red, book, boy, child, self, fool blackish, whitish, reddish, bookish, boyish, childish, selfish, foolish British, English, Polish, Spanish„(rubbish除外)

11)–ing 12)–ed colored, crowded, troubled, advanced, skilled, limited, gifted, experienced 13)–ic(-ical)history, practice, music, medicine, hero, energy, base, politics, science leading, surrounding, willing, living, exciting 14)–ern加在方位名词上，表示„„方的

east, west, south, north, north-west, south-east eastern, western, southern, northern, north-western, south-eastern historical, practical, musical, medical, political, heroic, energetic, basic, scientific 15)–ward 表示向„„的

back, up, down, east, west, south, north, north-west, south-east backward, upward, downward, eastward, westward, southward, northward, north-westward, south-eastward 16)–ary(-ory)表示与„„有关的

satisfactory, revolutionary, contrary, imaginary, necessary, ordinary, extraordinary(secretary秘书)17）-ate immediate, fortunate, separate 18)–ar familiar, particular, regular, similar 19)–en 由„„制成的，由„„构成的 golden, wooden, woolen 20)-ant(-ent)表示动作、性质的

independent, silent, convenient, patient, distant 21)–some易于„„的，倾向„„的，产生„„的 troublesome, tiresome, quarrelsome 3.常见动词后缀

1）－en 加在形容词和名词上，“使，变得”

sharp, deep, wide, loose, fast, weak, strength, fright 2)－ify 加在名词、形容词上，表示“使成为„„使„„化” terror, beauty, simple terrify, beautify, simplify

sharpen, deepen, widen, loosen, fasten, weaken, strengthen, frighten 3）－ize(-ise)organize, apologize, recognize, realize, practise 4.常见副词后缀

1)–ly 加在形容词后

unfortunate, easy, heavy, main, polite unfortunately, easily, heavily, mainly, politely 2)–ward(s)forward(s), afterward(s), inward(s), outward(s), downward(s), upward(s), eastward(s)5.常见数词后缀

-teen从十三到十九 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,-ty几十 twenty, thirty, fifty, ninety-th构成序数词fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth

(一)前缀

2.表示其他意义的常见前缀 1）pre-在 前,事先，预先 prewar, preposition, preview 2)fore-表示位置在前，时间提前，预先

forehead, foresee, foretell, forecast 3)pro-problem, promise, provide, programme 4）under-在下，不足

underground, underline, understand, underweight 5)tele-远距离

telecontrol, telescope, telegraph, telephone, television.6）sub-空间的在下面 subway, subwater 7)trans-变化，转移，通过，跨越 translate, transplant, transport 8)over-“在上面，在上空，过分，额外”

overcoat, overcome, overwork, over careful, overjoyed, overcautious 9)in-在内，进，入，向，朝 increase, inside 10)out-出，向外，远，超过

outline, output, outside, outstanding 11)ex-出自，向外 exchange, export 12)a-表示处于某种状态或位置

asleep, aside, awake, alone, alive, apart, aloud, ahead 13）inter-中间，相互 international, interview 14)auto-自身，自己，自动

auto boat, auto cycle, autobus 15)con-（在b, m, p前用com-，在l前用col-，在r前用cor-,在元音字母或h前用co-）意为“与，合，共，全”

connect, command, common, complete, collect, correct 16）en-(在b, p前用em-)，“使„„处于„„境地”常附在名词或形容词前构成动词

enable, enrich, enforce, endanger, ensure, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, enclose, encircle 17)re-“再一次，重新恢复原状”

repay, remarry, rewrite, reread, retell, remain, rebuild, reuse, recover 18)uni-“单，一”unite, united, union 19)bi-“两”bicycle

20)kilo-“千” kilogram, kilometer 6

第二篇：高中英语语法讲练结合-构词法

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lead带领→mislead领错

stop停下→non-stop不停

(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti-(反对；抵抗), auto-(自动), co-(共同), en-(使), inter-(互相), re-(再；又), sub-(下面的；次；小), tele-(强调距离)等。例如：

alone单独的antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表

cooperate合作enjoy使高兴

internet互联网reuse再用

subway地铁telephone电话

2)后缀

英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一„„)，-ian(精通„„的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：

differ不同于→difference区别

write写→writer作家

Japan日本→Japanese日本人

act表演→actress女演员

mouth口→mouthful一口

music音乐→musician音乐家

(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使„„化)，-ize(使„„成为)。例如：

wide→widen加宽

beauty→beautify美化

pure→purify提纯

real→realize意识到

organ→organize组织

(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像„„的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。例如：

nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的 America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的 gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的 child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的

(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：

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angry生气的→angrily生气地

to到→towards朝„„，向„„

east东方→eastward向东

(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几)，-ty(几十)，-th(构成序数词)。例如：

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

4)合成副词

形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地

形容词＋副词everywhere到处

副词＋副词however尽管如此

介词＋名词beforehand事先

介词＋副词forever永远

5)合成代词

代词宾格＋self herself她自己

物主代词＋self myself我自己

形容词＋名词anything任何东西

6)合成介词

副词＋名词inside在„„里面

介词＋副词within在„„之内

副词＋介词into进入 4.截短法(缩略法)

截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1)截头

telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

2)去尾

mathematics→maths

co-operate→co-op

examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

3)截头去尾

influenza→flu

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script 5.混合法(混成法)

混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。

news broadcast→newscast新闻广播

television broadcast→telecast电视播送

smoke and fog→smog烟雾

helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场 6.首尾字母缩略法

首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。

very important person→VIP(读字母音)要人；大人物

television→TV(读字母音)电视

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Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福

Nato 三.巩固练习

1.That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his ________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death 3.The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadness

C.sadly

D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.A.chemistry

B.chemical C.chemist

D.physician 5.The three-________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.legging B.legged

C.legs

D.leged 6.Stephenson became the ________railway engineer in the world.A.lead B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked ________about at his classmates.A.proud B.proudly

C.pride

D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfied

B.satisfactory C.satisfying

D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write ________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the ________of the police.A.permit

B.permission C.permitting

D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters

B.headline C.headmaster

D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A.intend

B.intention C.intentionally

D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a ________smile.A.practice

B.practise C.practical

D.practiced 14.The ________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.judger

B.judgment C.judge

D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the ________news about Iraq War? A.lately

B.latest C.later

D.latter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A.longer

B.length C.long

D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.A.joy

B.joyful C.joyless

D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an ________country.A.English-speaking

B.speak-English C.spoken-English

D.English-spoken 19.How ________ he is!He is always acting ________.He is really a ________.A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________.A.valuable

B.value C.valueless

D.unvaluable 21.There were ________fish in the river in South America.A.in danger

B.danger C.dangerous

D.dangerless 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is ________.A.sound

B.silent C.silence

D.sounded 23.The child looked at me ________.A.stranger

B.strangely C.strange

D.strangeless 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________bravely.A.free

B.freely C.freedom

D.frees 25.What you said sounded ________ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonable

B.reasonful C.reasonless

D.unreason 26.We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A.advance

B.advancing C.advantage

D.advanced 27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A.nearby

B.near C.nearly

D.near by

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28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government.You can not easily find him in his ________.A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.health

B.healthy C.healthily

D.healthier 30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.A.Honestly

B.Honest C.Honesty

[参考答案]

1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA

D.Dishonest

第三篇：构词法

高三二轮复习学案：高考语法部分

构词法（the rules of word-formation）

【晨读天天背】

I.经典范文背诵

有关“信心与希望”话题

例：

1、生活中困难不可避免，面对困难需要信心…

2、试举一例说明信心在学习(考试、生活等)方面的作用…

3、你对困难的态度…

It is well-known that we exist in a changing world with various difficulties.【课堂进行时】

I.高考考点梳理 考点

一、合成法

由两个或两个以上的自由词素结合在一起构成一个新词叫合成词，这种构词方法称为合成法。

1.合成名词。

(1)名词+名词。如：weekend, penfriend, postoffice, tabletennis, creditcard(2)名词+动名词。如：handwriting, weightlifting, zebracrossing

(3)动名词+名词。如：reading-room, driving force, sleeping bag,dining room

(4)形容词+名词。如：gentleman, open-air,dry-cleaning, higher education,solar system(5)名词+介词+名词。如：mother-in-law, comrade-in-arms

(6)其他方式。如：lookers-on(onlookers), go-between, passer-by, do-it-yourself, one-parent-family

2.合成形容词。

(1)名词+形容词。如：snow-white, day-long

(2)名词+现在分词/过去分词。如：English-speaker, south-facing, man-made,water-covered(3)名词+to+名词。如：face-to-face

(4)数次+名词+形容词。如：two-year-old , 100-meter-long, a three-year-old boy(5)数次+名词+-ed。如：five-storeyed, one-eyed,four-legged, a three-legged desk, an eight-storey building

(6)形容词/副词+名词。如：high-class, right-hand, full-time,fast-food

(7)形容词+名词+-ed。如：noble-minded, warm-hearted, kind-heart, bsent-minded ,air-conditioned, left-handed, middle-aged，a thank-you letter，a one-eyed general, an honest-faced man, five blue-eyed foreigners

(8)形容词+现在分词/形容词。如：good-looking, funny-looking, far-reaching, light-blue

(9)副词+现在/过去分词。如：hard-working, well-known, home-made 3.合成动词。

(1)名词+动词。如：sleep-walk, typewrite, water-ski(2)形容词+动词。如：white-wash, safe-guard

(3)副词+动词。如：overthrow, understand, ill-treat, undergo, overhear，under-develop（发育不全）

4.合成副词。

（1）形容词+名词。如：anyway, hotfoot(急行,急匆匆地)（2）形容词+副词。如：everywhere, outwards

（3）副词+副词。如：however, therefore, moreover

（4）代词+副词。如：anywhere, whatever, somewhere, nowhere, everywhere（5）副词+名词。如：downstairs, upstairs

When we are faced with them, nothing is more important than having hope and self-confidence.With confidence, we can find sometimes the question is not as “huge” as we imagine.Take most of us for example, the entrance exam to college seems to be a horrible monster.Accordingly, some people give up, some persist.In my eyes, with confidence, right assessment of the difficulties, as well as full preparation,try our best, and then we will overcome all problems and challenges.On the whole, I believe we youngsters should face the difficulties in right manner.And nothing is impossible, brave it out（拼命干）and just do it!

II.词汇短语储备

have a narrow escape九死一生find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵，找茬 do sb.a favor帮某人一个忙

attach importance/significance to认为„„重要，强调，重视 make/leave/create an impression on sb.给某人留下印象 take a message for sb.给某人捎口信leave sb.a message给某人留个口信

satisfy/meet/cover one’s needs/demands/requirements满足„„的需要 keep a record of记录take/run a risk冒险 take a chance 冒险catch the chance抓住机会 a sort/kind of 一种sort/kind of有几分地，有点儿 out of question没问题out of the question不可能的be accessible to可(或易)接近的;可(或易)进入的;可(或易)得到的;可(或易)使用的 on the grounds that理由是，因为……

考点

二、转换法

在词性不变的情况下，英语中一个单词由一种词性用作另一种词性，称为转换法。

构词法第 1 页（共4页）

1.动词转化为名词。

很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大变化。如： Let’s go out for a walk.Let me have a try.We stopped there for a swim.He is a man of strong build.2.名词转化为动词。

英语中，很多表示物体、身体部位等的名词及某类人的名词，可以转化为名词。如： Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children’s books.It can seat 1000 people.Please hand me the book.She nursed her husband back to health.3.形容词转化为动词。

英语中，少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：

The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles.The train slowed down to half its speed.This will help warm up the soil.4.形容词转化为名词。

英语中，表示颜色的形容词常可以转化为名词。如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语常用复数。如：

The old in our village are living a happy life.考点

三、派生法

在词根前面加前缀或再词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

1.前缀。前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性。(1)表示否定的前缀。

un-构成反义词，表示“不”。如：unfit, unhappy, unable,unemployment,unfair, unknown dis-构成反义词，表示“不”。如：discover, disagree, dishonest, dislike, disappear, discourage, disappoint

in-/im-构成反义词，表示“不”，用以c，b，m，p等开头的词。如：impossible, imcorrect, immoral, impolite

ir-/il-构成反义词，表示“不”，用以r，l开头的单词。如：irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical mis-构成反义词，表示“错误”。如：mistake, misuse, mislead non-构成反义词，表示“不”。如：non-stop, non-smoker, nonsense(2)表示其他意义的前缀。a-表示“形容词；副词”。如：asleep, arise, awake, abroad, alone, aside co-表示“共同”。如：co-exist, co-operate anti-表示“反；防”。如：anti-tank, anti-clockwise, anti-Japanese re-表示“重复；再”。如：return, redesign, reunite, remarry

super-表示“超级；上层”。如：superstar, superman, supermarket

sub-表示“下面的”。如：subway, subconscious tele-表示“远程”。如：telephone, telegraph, telescope,television inter-表示“相互；之间”。如：international, interrelation, Internet en-表示“使可能”。如：encourage, enable, enlarge un-表示反动作。如：unload, uncover fore-表示“在前面”。如：forehead, foreground, forward, forecast, foretell mid-表示“中；中间”。如：mid-term,mid-autumn, midnight, midsummer out-表示“在上面；在外部；在外”。如：outline, outside, outward over-表示“在上面；在外部；在上”。如：overlook, overhead post-表示“向后；在后边；次”。如：postscript, postwar, postgraduate pre-表示“在前；在前面”。如：prefix , preface, preposition, prewar, prehistory trans-表示“横过；贯通”。如：translate, transform, transparent, transmit under-表示“在„„下面；下的”。如：underline, underground, underwater ex-表示先“先；故；旧”。如：expresident, exhusband over-表示“超过；过度；太”。如：overeat, overdress, oversleep, overdose, oversimplify vice-表示“副；次”。如：vicepresident, vicechairman com-, cop-, con-, cor-,co-表示“共同；一起”。如：connect, combine, collect, coexist, co-operated

multi-, mult-表示“许多；复；多数”。如：multiply, multipurpose auto-表示“自己；独立；自动”。如：automobile, autobiography micro-表示“微小的”。如：microscope

2.后缀。后缀通常只改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词；少数后缀同时会改变词义。（1）形容词后缀。

-al。如：national, natural, practical, educational, refusal, arrival, survival, appoval-an/ian表示“国家（人）的”。如：American, European, Canadian, Italian, Australian-ern表示“方向的”。如：southern, northern, eastern

-ful。如：beautiful, careful, helpful, cheerful, grateful, useful

-less表示否定。如：useless, careless, homeless, motherless, useless-ese表示“人的”。如：Chinses, Portuguese, Japanese-ly。如：friendly, yearly

-some。如：troublesome, tiresome, handsome, lonesome

-y表示“天气”等。如：cloudy, dusty, rainy, sunny, stormy, dirty, sleepy, healthy-ous。如：famous, continuous

-ish。如：childish, selfish, foolish, Swedish, British, English-en。如：golden, wooden, woolen

-ive。如：active, native, decisive, destructive, expensive, impressive

-ble。如：reasonable, horrible, comfortable, acceptable, terrible（2）动词后缀。

-fy。如：beautify, simplify, satisfy, electrify

-en。如：widen, sharpen, loosen, strengthen, lengthen-ize（使„„成为）。如：realize, modernize, apologize, organize

(-To be continued)

构词法

（-continued）

（3）副词后缀。

-ly。如：badly, easily, freely, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily-ward表示“方向”。如：backward, eastward, towards, forward（4）名词后缀。-ment表示“行为；状态；过程；手段极其结果”。如：treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument, agreement, government, development

-ness表示“性质；状态；程度”。如：goodness, kindness, friendliness, business, happiness, greatness, illness, darkness

-er/or表示“人”。如：foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, actor, sailor, visitor, professor-ist表示“人”。如：pianist, scientist, artist, specialist, physicist-ian表示“精通„„的人；„„地方的人”。如：musician, magician, physician, technician, Russian

-dom。如：freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ee表示“被„„的人”。如：employee, interviewee, trainee, examinee-ship表示“技能及身份；职业”。如：hardship, membership, friendship-eer表示“从事于„„人”。如：engineer, volunteer-hood表示“资格；身份；年纪；状态”。如：childhood, manhood, womanhood-ion ,-sion ,-tion ,-ation ,-ition表示“行为的过程；结果；状况”。如：action,solution, conclusion, expression, correction, explanation, pollution, suggestion

-ism表示“主义”。如：socialism, criticism, heroism-th表示“动作；性质；过程；状态”。如：depth, wealth, truth, length, growth（5）数词后缀。-teen构成“十几”。如：fourteen, fifteen, eighteen-ly构成“几十“。如：ninty, fifty, twenty, forty, thirty-th构成序数词。如：fifth, sixth, twelfth, nanth, twentieth

BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司 DIY(do it yourself)自己亲手做

NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北约 SOS(save our ship)国际通用的呼救信号 SOHO(small office , home office)在家上班族 ST(Science and Technology)科技

TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)托福考试 UN(the United Nations)联合国

USA(the Unnited States of America)美国 VIP(very important person)重要人物

WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 www.xiexiebang.come and lay around it every day.He climbed to the tree top, ate the apples, took a nap under the shadow...He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.Time went by...the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day.One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad.“Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy.“I am no longer a kid, I don’t play around trees anymore.” The boy replied, “I want toys.I need money to buy them.”“Sorry, but I don’t have money...but you can pick all my apples and sell them.So, you will have money.” The boy was so excited.He grabbed all the apples on the tree and

考点

五、混合法（混成法）

即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。nes broadcast→newscast smoke and fog→smog helicopter airport→heliport，fruice—fruit+juice

考点

六、首尾字母缩略法

用单词首位字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。

left happily.The boy never came back after he picked the apples.The tree was sad.One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited.“Come and play with me,” the tree said.“I don’t have time to play.I have to work for my family.We need a house for shelter.Can you help me?”“Sorry, but I don’t have a house.But you can chop off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily.The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then.The tree was again lonely and sad.One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was delighted.“Come and play with me!” the tree said.“I am sad and getting old.I want to go sailing to relax myself.Can you give me a boat?”“Use my trunk to build your boat.You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat.He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.The tree was happy, but it was not true.Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years.“Sorry, my boy.But I don’t have anything for you any more.No more apples for you...” the tree said.“I don’t have teeth to bite,” the boy replied.“No more trunk for you to climb on.”“I am too old for that now,” the boy said.“I really can’t give you anything...the only thing left is my dying roots,” the tree said with tears.“I don’t need much now, just a place to rest.I am tired after all these years.” The boy replied.“Good!Old tree roots is the best place to lean on and rest.Come, Come to sit down with me and rest.”

The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears...This is a story of everyone.The tree is our parent.When we were young, we loved to play with Mom and Dad...When we grown up, we left them, and only came to them when we need something or when we are in trouble.No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they could to make you happy.You may think that the boy is cruel to the tree but that’s how all of us are treating our parents.****************************************************************************** Take time out during the day for quiet time to listen to your inner voice.You may want to use your quiet time to meditate or pray.However you use this time, the key is to shut out all of the noise around you by focusing deep within yourself.Breathing deeply during quiet time will also help you focus.I know it’s hard to find quiet time during a particularly busy day, but it’s so important — even if it’s just 10 minutes a day and you have to sneak away to get it.Quiet time can really make a difference in your life.It enables you to hear God speaking to your heart reminding you of His perfect love for you.Be honest with yourself by paying attention to your actions.Actions speak louder than words, and they always tell the truth.What do your actions say about you? If you say you love your job, but your actions say otherwise, which do you think is more true — your words or your actions? On the other hand, if you say you’re not good at a certain job, but your actions say otherwise, that’s also important.What do you do with this insight? You can use it to make more beneficial choices in your life.By being honest with yourself based on your previous actions, your actions moving forward will be based on truth instead of just what you tell yourself.Despite what your subconscious may be telling you, you can have love with no limits.The key is to unconditionally love yourself first.The Apple Tree参考译文

苹果树

很久很久以前，有一棵又高又大的苹果树。一位小男孩，天天到树下来，他爬上去摘苹果吃，在树荫下睡觉。他爱苹果树，苹果树也爱和他一起玩耍。

后来，小男孩长大了，不再天天来玩耍。一天他又来到树下，很伤心的样子。苹果树要和他一起玩，男孩说：“不行，我不小了，不能再和你玩，我要玩具，可是没钱买。”苹果树说：“很遗憾，我也没钱，不过，把我所有的果子摘下来卖掉，你不就有钱了？”男孩十分激动，他摘下所有的苹果，高高兴兴地走了。然后，男孩好久都没有来。苹果树很伤心。

有一天，男孩终于来了，树兴奋地邀他一起玩。男孩说：“不行，我没有时间，我要替家里干活呢，我们需要一幢房子，你能帮忙吗？”“我没有房子，”苹果树说，“不过你可以把我的树枝统统砍下来，拿去搭房子。”于是男孩砍下所有的树枝，高高兴兴地运走去盖房子。看到男孩高兴树好快乐。从此，男孩又不来了。树再次陷入孤单和悲伤之中。

一年夏天，男孩回来了，树太快乐了：“来呀！孩子，来和我玩呀。”男孩却说：“我心情不好，一天天老了，我要扬帆出海，轻松一下，你能给我一艘船吗？”苹果树说：“把我的树干砍去，拿去做船吧！”于是男孩砍下了她的树干，造了条船，然后驾船走了，很久都没有回来。树好快乐……但不是真的。

许多年过去，男孩终于回来，苹果树说：“对不起，孩子，我已经没有东西可以给你了，我的苹果没了。”

男孩说：“我的牙都掉了，吃不了苹果了。” 苹果树又说：“我再没有树干，让你爬上来了。” 男孩说：“我太老了，爬不动了。”

“我再也没有什么给得出手了……，只剩下枯死下去的老根，”树流着泪说。

男孩说：“这么多年过去了，现在我感到累了，什么也不想要，只要一个休息的地方。” “好啊！老根是最适合坐下来休息的，来啊，坐下来和我一起休息吧！”男孩坐下来，苹果树高兴得流下了眼泪……

这就是我们每个人的故事。这颗树就是我们的父母。小时候，我们喜欢和爸爸妈妈玩……长大后，我们就离开他们，只在需要什么东西或者遇到麻烦的时候，才回到他们身边。无论如何，父母永远都在那儿，倾其所有使你快乐。你可能认为这个男孩对树很残酷，但这就是我们每个人对待父母的方式。

****************************************************************************** 白天花些时间出去，独自倾听自己的心声。你可能想利用这段安静的时间沉思或祈祷。无论如何利用这段时间，关键是要排除周围所有的噪音，关注自己的内心深处。安静的时间进行深呼吸也能帮你集中注意力。我知道在特别忙碌的日子找到安静的时间很难，然而这很重要——即使一天只有10分钟，你也要溜开抓住它。安静的时间确实能使你的生命变得不同，它促使你倾听上帝与你的心灵对话，使你想起他赋予你的完美的爱。

坦诚对己，注重行动吧。事实胜于雄辩，行动才能证明事实。你的行动是如何说明你的呢？如果你说热爱自己的工作，而你的行动正好相反，你认为哪个更有说服力呢——言语还是行动？另一方面，如果你说不擅长某项工作，但你的行动正好相反，这也很重要。你怎么处理你这种能力？你可以由此在生活中做出更多的选择，坦诚对己也建立在以前的行为上，你以后的行动将会以事实为基础，而不只是你的言词。

不管你的潜意识告诉你什么，你都能够拥有无尽的爱，关键是首先你要无条件地爱自己。

构词法答案：

1、Learning the rules of word-formation helps to enlarge our vocabulary.2、This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them.3、He was so poor that he couldn’t afford to live in a five-starred hotel.4、You are an honour to our class..5、We were so deeply moved that we wrote a thank-you letter to him.6、The 12th five-year plan lays emphasis on social development in a hamonious way.7、Politeness will bridge a lot of difficulties.

第四篇：初中英语构词法

初中英语构词法

英语构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。掌握基本的构词法，有助于词汇的理解、记忆和积累。现就初中英语部分词汇加以归类小结。

一、合成法，就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。

1、复合名词：

(1)名词+动词headache(头疼)，daybreak(黎明)

(2)动词+名词playground(操场)，postcard(明信片)

(3)名词+名词basketball（篮球)，classroom（教室)

(4)形容词+名词blackboard(黑板)，grandfather(爷爷)

(5)动名词+名词waiting-room（候车室)，sitting-room(起居室)，2、复合代词：

(1)some(any，every，no)+body：somebody（有人，某人)，nobody(没有人)

(2)some(any，every，n o)+thing：something(某物，某事)，nothing(没有东西)

3、复合形容词有：

man-made(人造的)，kind-hearted(好心的)，hard-working(努力工作的),fund-raising(筹集资金的)等。

4、复合副词有：

upstairs(到楼上)，downstairs(到楼下)，everywhere(到处)，maybe(或许)等

另外，复合动词有understand(理解)，复合介词有without(无，没有)等。

二、转化法，就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况：

1．名词→动词rain(雨n)→（下雨v．)。例如：

There’s a lot of rain in this country．It’s still raining now．

2．动词→名词talk(谈话v.)→(演讲n)。如：

What are you talking about.There will be a talk next week．

3．形容词→动词clean(清洁的adj.)→(打扫v)。如：

The classroom is not clean．You must clean it tomorrow。

三、派生法，就是将前，后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀：前缀例词

1．re-retell(复述)v.，return(归还)v．

2．un-unhappy(不高兴的)adj.，unusual(不平常的)adj.3.dis-dislike(不喜欢)v，disagree(不同意)v

4.im-impossible(不可能的)adj.,impolite(不礼貌的)

5.in-incorrect(不正确的)adj.,incomplete(不完整的)adj.6.ir-irregular(不规则的)adj.,irresponsible(不负责任的)adj.后缀例词.1．-erworker(工人)n，teacher(教师)n．

2．-eseChinese(中国人)n，Japanese(日本人)n．

3．-ed(或-d)interested(感兴趣的)adj.，pleased(高兴的)adj.．

4．-fulcareful(小心的)adj.，forgetful(健忘的)adj.．

5．-ingbuilding(建筑物)n，surprising(令人惊奇的)adj.，6．-lesscareless(粗心的)adj.，hopeless(无望的)adj.．

7．-1yfriendly(友好的)adj.，quickly(快地)adv．

8．-nesshappiness(幸福)n，business(商业)n．

9．-oroperator(手术者)n，inventor(发明者)n．

10．-ousdangerous(危险的)adj.，famous(著名的)adj.．

11．-teensixteen(十六)num，fourteen(十四)num．

12．-tyseventy(七十)num，ninety(九十)num．

13．-thtenth(第十)num，eleventh(第十一)num．

14.-tionoperation(手术)n，congratulation(祝贺)n．

15．-ycloudy(多云的)adj.，lucky(幸运的)adj.．

16.–mentagreement(同意)n.，movement(移动)n.另外，初中英语由前、后缀构成的新词还有difference，enjoyable，．mistake，television，asleep等。

第五篇：初中英语构词法

初中英语构词法

英语中主要有三种构词法： 1.合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。1）名词+名词→名词basket+ball→basketballhouse +work → housework2)形容词+名词→名词black+board（木板）→ blackboard黑板 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者)→ loudspeaker扬声器 3)介词+名词→名词（或形容词）under(在下面)+ground(地面)→ underground地下的 4)名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做)→ man-made人造的 5)名词（形容词）+名词+ed→形容词kind(善良的)+hearted(心)→kind-hearted好心的 6)副词+名词→介词 in(里面)+side(边)→inside在内 down(在下)+stairs(楼梯)→downstairs在楼下 2.派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。1.前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-等，例如：appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词)，anti-(反对；抵抗)，auto-(自

动)，co-(共同)，en-(使)，inter-(互相)，re-(再；又)，sub-(下面的；次；小)，tele-(强调距离)等。例如： alone单独的 antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表cooperate合作 enjoy使高兴internet互联网 reuse再用subway地铁 telephone电话 2.后缀 英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一……)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)。例如： wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织

(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示

否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表

示天气)等。例如：nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards朝……，向……east东方→eastward向东

(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几)，-ty(几十)，-th(构成序数词)。例如：

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十

3.转化法 在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。1)名词→动词rain n.雨 →rain v.下雨 shop n.商店 →shop v.购物 water n.水 →water v.浇水 land n.陆地 →land v.着陆 name n.名字 →name v.命名

[注意] 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer（回答），change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。2）形容词→动词

last adj.最后的 last v.持续 tidy adj.整洁的 tidy v.使整洁 own adj.自己的 own v.拥有 3)形容词→名词

back adj.后面的 back n.背部，后面 light adj.明亮的 light n.灯 4)动词→名词

stop v.停止 stop n.车站 lift v.举起 lift n.电梯 [注意] ①词形不变，读音的差别（字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词）use v.使用 use n.用途

excuse v.原谅 excuse n.借口 ②词形改变的转化： live v.生活 life n.生活 fill v.装满 full adj.满的 save v.救 safe adj.安全的enter v.进入 entrance n.入口处

different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之处 注意：形容词---名词 important--importance different—difference

4.缩略词是在音节较多的词首、或词尾、或词

首词尾去掉一个或几个音节，构成比原单词简单的新词。

1.词首音节省略：phone(telephone), bus(omnibus), aeroplane(plane)2.词尾音节省略：gym(gymnasium),ad(advertisement),exam(examination),lab(laboratory)kilo(kilogram),mike(microphone)

3.词首词尾音节省略：fridge(refrigerator), flu(influenza)较长的人名，职业或职位也有缩略的情况。如：

Benjamin----BenDoctor----Doc Professor----Prof