2010高考二轮复习英语教案[精选多篇]

第一篇：2010高考二轮复习英语教案

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题十四 强调句、省略句、插入语

【专题要点】强调句、省略句、插入语要点概览：1.强调句型―It is/was----that----‖的用法。强调句型的特殊疑问句；2.it强调句型与定语从句、状语从句的区别；3.动词不定式的省略；4.状语从句中的省略，―连词+分词‖的省略现象；5.常用插入语：by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；so far 到目前为止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足为奇；as a matter of fact 事实上；come along 快点，来吧；in other words 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。【考纲要求】按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；按照考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略；而近几年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略；按照考纲要求依据不同语境能正确使用插入语，分析近几年的高考题多以考查短语的形式，在交际用语中或句中进行辨析。

【教法指引】仔细研究近年高考题，我们不难发现强调句、省略句、插入语倍受出题者的青睐。在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求教师在平时引导考生在复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握，深入研究。具体说把握强调句以下四大考点：（1）考查强调句式的基本结构

（2）考查含有―not…until…‖句型的强调句式（3）考查强调句式的疑问句（4）考查强调句式的正确判断

省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的的语法项目之一，虽然不是每年必考项目，但不少省份有所涉及省略这一语法项目。从命题的趋势来看，更侧重考查省略在交际中的功能，考查语法知识间的交叉使用。因此教师在引导考生复习备考中要注意以下几个方面：

1.状语从句中的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且有系动词be的任何形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。常见的连词有：as，if, as if, once, though, whether, when, while, unless等等。2.有关to的省略。

（1）在can‘t but，can‘t not help but, can not choose but之后的动词不定式一般不带to，but之前有实义动词do的某种形式do，does，did，done时，也不带to；（2）当主语或修饰主语的定语从句中有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略。如：All I did is（to）give him a lesson.（3）由why，why not引导的特殊疑问句，后跟省略to的动词不定式。

（4）have，make，see，hear，notice，observe等后接不带to的动词不定式 ；

（5）为避免句子重复，承前省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to，但是有助动词be或have时，则要保留be或have。3.在if引导的虚拟条件句中

在if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。

4.在限制性定语从句中的省略

在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that、which、whom可以省略；在以the same...as和such...as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that或in which。

教师在引导考生复习备考中按照大纲中要求熟练掌握的常用作插入语的词语

在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开，按照大纲要求熟练记忆一下常用短语和用法如： by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；so far 到目前为止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足为奇；as a matter of fact 事实上；come along 快点，来吧；in other words 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。【知识网络】

强调句的用法

（一）强调句句型

1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？

When and where was it that you were born?

4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …，其余的时态用It is …。

（二）not … until … 句型的强调句

1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 普通句：He didn‘t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

（三）谓语动词的强调

1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。Do sit down.务必请坐。

He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。省略句用法

为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：

（一）简单句中的省略

1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(I)Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）(I)see you tomorrow.(It)Doesn‘t matter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

(There is)No smoking.(Is there)Anything wrong? Why(do you)not say hello to him?

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

----Are you going there?----I‘d like to(go there).He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to(give me the chance).注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。----Are you an engineer?----No, but I want to be.----He hasn‘t finished the task yet.----Well, he ought to have.4、省略表语。

----Are you thirsty?----Yes, I am(thirsty).5、同时省略几个成分。

Let‘s meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.----Have you finished your work?----(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.（二）并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.（三）主从复合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略。(I‘m)Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。----Is he coming back tonight?----I think so.----Is he feeling better today?----I‘m afraid not.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so.He said so 及I suppose not.I believed not.I hope not等。（但I don‘t think so比I think not更常用）。

（四）其它省略

1、连词that的省略： ①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看―名词性从句‖等有关部分）。②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。

2、不定式符号to的省略 ①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.②、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。----I saw the boy fall from the tree.----The boy was seen to fall from the tree.③、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去―主语 + be‖部分。（参看―状语从句‖有关部分）

4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见―倒装句‖有关部分）

5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。

The sooner(you do it), the better(it will be).插入语的用法

英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为―插入语‖。

（一）插入语的类型：

1、单词（多是副词），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。She is looking fit, though.他看起来倒是健康。I can, however, discuss this when I see you.2、短语

China and India, for example, are neighbours.By the way, where are you from?

3、句子

He is an honest man, I believe.Jack, as far as I know, isn‘t clever.（二）插入语的位置

通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。

You know that I think you are wrong.我认为，你明白你错了。What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？

（三）插入语在句中的作用 一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。

He got the news from nobody knows where.他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。

（四）插入语的特殊用法 下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有―插入语‖。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为―混合疑问句‖或―连锁疑问句‖）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。

How long did you say she would stay here? When do you suppose they‘ll be back? How old did you think she was

（五）插入语的几种典型用法 1.许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），judging from……（根据……判断）等。2.常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily（happily）for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。3.常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。

4.用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I‘m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what‘s more（而且），what‘s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。

5.常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。

2010高考二轮复习英语考案

专题十四 强调句、省略句、插入语 【专题考案】

1.My bike is missing.I can‘t find ____ anywhere.A.one B.ones

C.it D.that 2.----Who‘s that?----____ Professor Li.A.That‘s B.It‘s C.He‘s D.This‘s 3.____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.A.It B.He C.She D.That 4.----Have you ever seen a whale alive?----Yes, I‘ve seen ____.A.that B.it C.such D.one 5.The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.A.this B.that C.it D.one 6.____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A.It B.There C.Those D.You 7.We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A.that B.this C.its D.it 8.The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.A.that B.it C.which D.what 9.____ four years since I joined the Army.A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is 10.How long ____ to finish the work? A.you‘ll take B.you‘ll take it C.will it take you

D.will take you 11.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who B.whom C.how D.that 12.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where B.that C.in which D.on which 13.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which B.when C.as D.that 14.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and B.that C.that‘s D.so 15.Mary speaks in a low voice;____ is difficult to know what she is saying.A.it B.that C.so D.she 16.It was ____ I met Mr.Green in Shanghai.A.many years that

B.many years before C.many years ago that

D.many years when 17.____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.A.It, all B.It, that

C.There, who D.There, that 18.So ____ that no fish can live in it.A.shallow is the lake

B.the lake is shallow C.shallow the lake is

D.is the lake shallow 19.----Won‘t you have another try?----____.A.Yes, I will B.Yes, I won‘t C.Yes, I will have D.Yes, I won‘t have 20.----I won‘t do it any more.----____? A.Why don‘t B.Why don‘t do it any more C.Why not D.Why not do 21.----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?----____.A.No, I don‘t think

B.I don‘t think

C.No, I don‘t so

D.I don‘t think so 22.----Will he fail in the exam?----____.A.Don‘t hope to

B.Let‘s hope not

C.Not hope so

D.Let‘s hope not to 23.____ usual, I have forgotten something.A.As B.As it is C.It‘s D.That is 24.____ she a man, she might be elected president.A.If B.Unless C.Was D.Were 25.____ I had time, I would have played it again.A.If B.Unless C.Had D.When 26.____ it rain tomorrow, I‘d stay at home.A.Should B.Would C.When D.If 27.I like sports and ____ my brother.A.so B.so does C.so is D.so likes 28.Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.A.was B.He was C.who is D.although 29.----Aren‘t you the manager?----No, and I ____.A.don‘t want B.don‘t want to C.don‘t want to be D.don‘t 30.----Have you fed the dog?----No, but ____.A.I am B.I‘m just going to C.I‘m

D.I‘m just going 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard — ____, you failed.A.in the end B.after all C.in other words

D.at the same time 32.How long ____ she would stay here? A.did she say B.she said C.did D./ 33.____ could do such thing? A.Whom do you think

B.Who do you think C.Do you think whom

D.Did you think who 34.John was ill.Have you heard about ____? A.this B.he C.it D.the one 35.Hurry up!____ getting darker and darker.A.The sky is B.It‘s C.Weather is D.Time is 36.It‘s the third time ____ I have been here.A.that B.when C.after D.who 37.It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn‘t tell him the truth.A.why B.which C.so D.that 38.Was it in the place ____ the last emperor died? A.where B.that C.which D.in which 39.____ is no difference between A and B.A.It B.Where C.There D.What 40.It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A.was B.were C.are D.had been 41.He said, ― ____ a long way to school.____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.‖ A.It is, It is B.There is, There is C.There is, It is D.It is, There is 42.I don‘t like ____ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 43.If you go to Xi‘an, you‘ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.A.supposing B.suppose C.to suppose D.supposed 44.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 45.It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when 46.It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 47.----Do you mind my taking this seat?

----____.A.Yes, sit down please

B.No, of course not C.Yes, take it please D.No, you can‘t take it

48.----I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?---Not at all.____.A.I‘ve no time B.I‘d rather not C.I‘d like it D.I‘d be happy to

49.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 50.It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.A.when we knew

B.that did we knew C.that we knew D.that did we know 51.----This store has such high prices.----I agree.Never again ____ here.A.I will shop B.will I shop C.I do shop D.shop I 52.____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.A.It B.What C.So D.Such 53.____, he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to study

B.If he studied hard C.Had he studied hard

D.Should he study hard 54.----David has made great progress recently.----____, and ____.A.So he has, so have you

B.So he has, so you have C.So has he, so have you D.So has he, so you have 55.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than

B.did they hear the news when C.had they heard the news than

D.had they heard the news when 56.He was unable to make such progress, ____.A.hard as he tried

B.as hard he tried C.hard he has tried

D.tried hard as he 57.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who

B.whom

C.how

D.that 58.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where

B.that

C.in which

D.on which 59.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which

B.when

C.as

D.that 60.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and

B.that

C.that‘s D.so 61.It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.A.many years that

B.many years before C.many years ago that

D.many years when 62.It is these poisonous products _______can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A.who

B.that

C.how

D.what 63.I feel it is your husband who_______ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame

B.is going to blame

C.is to be blamed

D.should blame 64.It was for this reason _________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A.which

B.why

C.that

D.how 65.—Where was it_____ the road accident happened yesterday ?

--In front of the market.A.when

B.that

C.which

D.how 66.It was not until she had arrived home_______ her appointment with the doctor A.did she remember

B.that she remembered C.when she remembered

D.had she remembered 67._____，he often forgot to turn off the lights.A.Even better

B.Strange

C.However

D.Fortunately 68.Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largest B.that is the largest

C.is the largest D.the largest 69.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.A.does

B.did

C.has to

D.had to 70.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.A.had said

B.said

C.might say

D.might have said 71.Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.A.a high

B.a higher

C.the higher

D.the highest 72.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him.A.who

B.that

C.what

D.which 73._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given

B.To give

C.Giving

D.Having given 74._____，success results from hard work.A.Worse still

B.Sure enough

C.To sum up

D.What‘s worse 75.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.A.no such

B.no a

C.not such

D.no such a 76.He made another wonderful discovery，_____ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is

C.which I think it D.I think which is 77.One day，_____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.A.to sum up

B.what‘s more

C.it is said

D.in addition

78.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? No,___ only the two passengers who got hurt.A.it was

B.there is

C.it were

D.there was 79.---Who is making so much noise in the garden?---___ the children.A.It is

B.They are

C.That is

D.There are 80.It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.A.when;that

B.so;that

C.before;then

D.when;before 81.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.A.what;that

B.that;what

C.that;when

D.it;when 82.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor? A.Why is

B.Is it why

C.Why is it

D.Why is that 83.I can‘t find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?

It was in the hotel ___ he stated.A.that

B which

C.the one

D.where

84.It was in the small house ___was built with stones by his father ___ he spent his childhood.A.which;that

B, that;where

C, which;which

D.that;which 85.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.A.since

B.for

C.as

D.because 86.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot? A.it;that;whose

B.it;that it takes;whose

C.it for;that it takes;whose

D.it;when;that

87.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.A.who

B.which

C.when

D.in which 88.It is on

a winter night ___he spent with me last night.A.that

B.where

C.as

D.when 89 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.A.that;who

B.that;they

C.they;that

D they;which 90.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.A.where;that

B.where； where

C.that;that

D.that;where 91.It was in the evening __we reached the little town of Winchester.A that

B.until

C.since

D.before

92.It was until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A.that;what

B.that;that

C.when;what

D.when;that 93.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.A.one

B.that

C.what

D.it 94.I don‘t know ____ that you stay here.A.how long it is B.how long is it

C.it is how long D.is it how long 95.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we being late

B.our being late

C.we were too late

D.because we were late 96.---what was the party like?

---Wonderful.It‘s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.A.after

B.before

C.that

D.sinc 97.Why!I have nothing to confess.____you want me to say.A.What is it that B.What it is that

C.How is it that

D.How it is that 98．----Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are you doing your homework?

-----I am doing these exercises now so that I won‘t have _____ on Sunday.A.it

B.them

C.for

D.to 99．----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?

----Yes.It‘ll be fine if you______.A.are

B.can

C.invite

D.do 100.----Aren‘t you the manager?

----No, and I______ A.don‘t want to

B.don‘t want to be

C.don‘t want be D.don‘t want 101.---I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?

---Not at all.______.A.I‘ve no time

B.I‘d rather not

C.I‘d like it

D.I‘d be glad to 102．----Won‘t you have another try?

----________.A.Yes, I will have B.Yes, I won‘t have C.Yes, I won‘t D.Yes, I will

103．-----I won‘t do it any more.-----_______? A.Why not

B.Why don‘t do any more C.Why not do

D.Why don‘t

104．----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?

----______? A.I don‘t think

B.No, I don‘t think

C.I don‘t think so

D.No, I don‘t so 105．----Have you fed the cat?

----No, but______.A.I‘m

B.I am

C.I‘m just going

D.I‘m just going to 106． —Why do you want the book so much?

—_____, sir.A.Studying

B.Studied

C.Studies

D.To study 107．—Will you go home tomorrow evening? —No, I‘m going to a lecture, or at least I am planning _____.A.so

B.to

C.it

D.that

108._____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr.Wang.A.If it is not

B.Were it not

C.Had it not been D.If they were not 109.We will have a meeting next week, but we don‘t know _____.A.who

B.where

C.as

D.which 110.He said _____ his sister had passed the college entrance examination, and _____ she would go to college in about 20 days.A.that;不填

B.that;that

C.不填;不填

D.that;which

111.Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.A.tell B.telling C.having told D.told 112.---Will you waste your time and money on that?---Certainly ________.A.I not B.don‘t

C.not D.no 113.---Mary didn‘t attend the lecture, did she?

---Yes, she ________.A.attended B.didn‘t attend C.didn‘t D.did 114.---What‘s Joan doing?

---_________ newspapers in the room.A.She reading B.She reads

C.To read

D.Reading 115._________ always succeed.A.Honest and clever students

B.Students who honest and clever C.Honest students and clever

D.Students are honest and clever 116.---Can you climb that tree, my boy?

---__________ ? A.I

B.Myself

C.Mine D.Me 117.Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.A.any more B.many more

C.much more D.no more 118.---Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?---_________.It‘s too expensive.A.Why not B.I agree

C.I‘m afraid not D.I‘m sure

参考答案：

1-5 CBADB 6-10 ADADC 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 CBAAC 21-25 DBADC 26-30 ABDCB 31-35 CABCB 36-40 ADBCA 41-45 DADDA 46-50 CBDAC 51-55 BDCAC 56-60 ADBDB 61-65 CBACB 66-70BBDBD 71-75 BDACA 76-80ACAAA 81-85 ACAAD 86-90 BAACA 91-95AABAB 96-100DBDDB 101-105 DDDCD 106-110DBCBB 111-115DCDDA 116-118 DBC

2010高考二轮复习英语学案

专题十四 强调句、省略句、插入语 【典例精析】1.（2008安徽卷，32）-----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

-----Yes, _______, I‘m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If ever

B.If busy

C.If anything

D.If possible 【解析】D本题考查四个句型结构。If ever如果有过的话（如果发生过的话），.If busy根据题意，是If I am busy的省略，与下文语意矛盾；If anything 意思是―更可能的是，总之‖；if possible如果可能的话。题意为―如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。‖ 2.（2008福建卷，30）– Who should be responsible for the accident?

– The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order _____.A.as told

B.as are told

C.as telling

D.as they told 【解析】A考查省略、被动的用法。补全句子应该是They just carried out the order as they were told。

3.（2008 全国II，英语，20）It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that

B.how

C.which

D.when 【解析】A句意为―伊利莎白第一次见到史密斯是在新西兰。‖考查强调句型的用法。It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。如果把 It was以及that去掉的话，句子就变成了in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.句子仍然完整。

4.（2008 重庆卷，英语 22）It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.A.that

B.when

C.while

D.as 【解析】A句意：他们直到半夜才到达宿营地。本句考查强调结构，可以还原为：They didn‘t reach the camp site until midnight.这是含有until引导状语从句的强调句型。当强调 until从句部分时，应注意把not一起提前。即：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。5.（2008‘NMET 天津卷，英语 8）It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A.how

B.which

C.that

D.where 【解析】C句意：正是在密西西比河岸马克·吐温度过了他孩提时代的大部分时光。本题考查强调句。如果把It was以及that 去掉，原句就成了along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.句子仍然完整。6.（08全国I卷）—What fruit is in season now? —Grapes and peaches, ______.A.I know

B.I think

C.I see

D.I feel 【解析】B 考查插入语用法。按照句意此处为我的看法，对前面的答语起补充说明作用。7.（09湖南）Every evening after dinner, if not_____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring

C.tired

D.to be tired 【解析】C 省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，所以答案选C。8.（09江西）It was _____ he came bank from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;then

B.not;until

C.not until;that

D.only;when

【解析】C 强调句型。根据It is ……that 结构可知。

9.（09江西）Some of you may have finished unit one._____ , you can go on to unit two.A.If you may

B.If you do

C.If not

D.If so

【解析】D 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so 10.（09全国2卷）It is often ___that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A.said

B.to say

C.saying

D.being said 【解析】A 固定句型（it is +Ved +that从句）。11.（09江苏）---What‘s the matter with Della?

---Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __ A.hopes to B.hopes so C.hopes not D.hopes for 【解析】A 考查省略句用法。此处为省略不定式，补全为she still hopes to go to the party。【专题突破】考生在做强调句式的题时要牢记强调句的基本句型，学会分析句式，采用去掉句式法，正确辨析强调句、定语从句，然后选择相应的连接词即可；省略句和插入语一定要理解语境、语义把握上下文，弄清上下文重复的地方和说话者要表达的意思就可以选出最佳答案。

1.It is rather difficult to make friends with her, but her friendship, _______, is truer than any other‘s.A．while gaining B．after gaining

C.when to gain

D．once gained 2._________, the weather in America is different from place to place.A．As China

B．Like in China

C．Like China

D．As in China

3.－Why didn‘t Tom give you one of his paintings?

－I didn‘t want one，but he would have given me one if I

A．did

B．would

C．will

D．had 4.---Did they tell you the final decision of the committee?---No, they didn‘t, but I think I ought to ______.A./

B.be

C.have

D.have been 5.---Won‘t you go to Kathy‘s wedding party?---No, _____ invited.A.though

B.if

C.as

D.once 6.— Shall Mary come to the concert with us？

－Not ___she has finished her paper A.since

B.once

C．when

D．unless 7.The government managed to have two chemical factories built, though _____ by the citizens.A.being opposed to B.opposed to

C.was opposed to

D.having been opposed to 8.______, Mr.Smith managed to send his daughter to school.A．As he was a poor man

B．A poor man as he was C．Poor man as was he

D．Poor man as he was 9.I don‘t know if you noticed their absence or not, but we

.A．did

B．have

C．had

D．were 10.----How unhappy your roommate looks!----Yes，but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is____ is troubling him.A.what

B.which

C.as

D.that 11.—________ matters to do the job well —what you are or where you come from? —Neither.It depends on whether you put your heart into it.A．Which is it that B．What it is that C．Which it is that D．What is it which 12.—I can‘t find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning? —It was in the library______ he studied． A．that

B．where

C．which

D．the one 13.It is exactly _____we behave _____has changed the world.A．which;that

B．how;that

C．how;what D．what;that 14.Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded_____ landing on the moon? A．when；on

B．that；on

C．when；in

D．that：in 15.---I can‘t find Mr.Brown.Where did you meet him this morning?---It was in the hotel _______he stayed.A that

B which

C where

D when 16.— Why did the dinner party start so late last night? — It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we were late

B.we being late

C.our being late

D.because we were late

17.—Why is it ________ so many people enjoy eating on the run? —Of course, the most obvious answer is that fast food is fast.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.how 18.It was not what he said but the way he said it ______ made a great difference to me at last..A.what

B.that

C.before

D.when 19.---The patient looks much better.____ is it that has made him____he is today?---Perhaps the special medicine and his family‘s patient care.A．What;that

B．That;that

C．What;what

D．What;which 20.I think it‘s the driver rather than the passengers who______ for the accident.A.is to blame

B.are to blame

C.are to be blamed D.should blame.21.----______was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?----Totally by chance.A.How, that B.What, that

C.When, when D.Where, that

22.It was in the factory _________ his friend worked _______ he picked up a lot of experience.A.where, where

B.that, where

C.that, that

D.where, that 23.It was ___the boy said he almost never did any exercise in the school ___the mother began to worry about his health.A．what;that

B．that;how

C．when;that

D．that;that 24.---How did you know it?---It was in the website www.xiexiebang.com _____you can buy the tickets for the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on August 8_____I found the full details about tickets prices for them.A．where;that

B．which;that

C．that;which

D.where;which 25.It was ___computer games that cost the boy lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A．to have played

B．playing

C．played

D．having played 26.——Where did you come across our chemistry teacher ?------It was in the supermarket ______ I purchased mooncakes.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.when 27.——Where did you get to know her?-----It was on the farm______ we worked A.that

B.there

C.which

D.where

28.It is the film _______ director is Steven Spielberg _______ attracts quite a few viewers throughout the world.A．that;who

B．which;that

C．whose;that

D．whose;who 29.1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.A.General speaking

B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking

D.Speaking generally 30.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.____，neither of them could swim.A.In fact

B.Luckily

C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard，_____，you failed.A.in the end

B.after all

C.in other words D.at the same time 参考答案和解析：

1.【解析】D由句意可以得知，her friendship与gain是被动关系，省略了it is。

2.【解析】D根据句意可以得知，―像是在中国一样‖As it is in China，省略掉了it is。

3.【解析】D由题意可以得知，回答中用到了虚拟语气，是与过去的事实相反，补全句子应该是he would have given me one if I had wanted one.4.【解析】D由句意可以得知，I think I ought to have been told.5.【解析】A由题干得知回答是―尽管我被邀请了‖，补全应该是though I was invited.6.【解析】D由句意得知，补全句子应该是Mary does not come to the concert with us unless she has finished her paper.7.【解析】B由句意可以得知文中，补全句子应该是though（it was）opposed by the citizens，省略掉了it is 8.【解析】D在as引导的让步再从句倒装对，名词前冠词应省略。提示：as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至句首

9.【解析】A but we did 是but we noticed their absence or not的替代式省略。

10【解析】D该题考查特殊疑问词what引导的强调句作tell的宾语，当强调句中有特殊疑问词时应把疑问词放在句子前面。若将该句改为非强调句为: but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is troubling him.11.【解析】A本句考查强调句式，特殊疑问词应放在句首。句意―做好这项工作的关键在于你的职业还是你来自何处？两者均不是，这要看你是否用心去做。

12.【解析】B 本句是省略了that的强调句型。在被强调部分中library后有一定语从句，补充完整应为It was in the library（where he studied）that I saw him this morning.13.【解析】D句意―恰恰是我们的行为改变了世界的面貌。‖去掉it is…that 句子仍然成立 14.【解析】 D该题考查强调句的疑问形式，即was it…that…,后面一空考查succeed in doing sth.句意―美国宇航员是在1969年成功登上月球的吗？‖

15.【解析】C此题考查强调句的省略用法。回答上文的where,但用的是强调句型。

16.【解析】C本题考查强调句的一般用法，强调部分在句中作主语，该句中主语由动名词的复合结构充当。17.【解析】A本题考查特殊疑问句的强调用法，特殊疑问词why放在句首，即疑问词+is/was that….18.【解析】B该题考查对强调句的掌握，被强调部分用了not….but…结构，增加了试题的难度。句意―不是他说话的内容而是说话的方式对我起了重要作用‖‗

19.【解析】C本句考查强调句。首先考查了它的特殊疑问句式，同时有考查看what引导从句作宾语补足语这一语法现象。

20.【解析】A本题考查强调句式，被强调部分由rather than 连接两并列主语，谓语动词和前面的主语一致，另外blame应用主动表被动形式。

21.【解析】A本题考查强调句式中带有特殊疑问词的用法，上面已经多次提到，这里不再详细说明。

22.【解析】D本题考查强调句式，被强调部分作地点状语，且the factory后是一定语从句，我们应注意强调句式和其他句式的混合使用。

23.【解析】A本句强调状语，且这一时间状语是由when来引导的从句充当的。24.【解析】A本句考查强调句型，被强调部分在句中作地点状语，而且被强调部分由一定语从句构成，增加了试题难度。

25.【解析】B本句是一强调句式，被强调部分在句中作主语，由动名词充当。

26.【解析】C本题考查强调句的省略用法，被强调部分是一个定语从句，在mooncakes后省略了that I came across our chemistry teacher.27.【解析】D 本题被强调部分是一个定语从句。28.【解析】C本题考查强调句，强调主语（由一定语从句组成）；句意―正是由Steven Spielberg导演的这部电影吸引了全世界的许多观众。

29.【解析】C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是―一般来说‖，在句中用作插入语。30.【解析】C.unfortunately为副词，意思是―令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜‖，在句中用作插入语。31.【解析】C.in other words为介词短语，意思是―换句话说‖，在句中用作插入语。

【学法导航】考生在强调句、省略句、插入语的复习备考中要注意：1.考前应认真研读高考题目，了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格，今年仍可能出现复杂句式中考查强调句的现象；2.掌握强调句的基本式及其变式，高考的考查方向一向以实用为主，故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手，仔细分析强调句的内部结构，以不变应万变；3.注意复习定语从句，宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中和强调句的混合运用情况；4.使用助动词do, does和did 对谓语动词进行强调；5.强调句型中的主谓一致，在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was…，同时，that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致； 6.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。

省略这一考点在备考方面应该注意：1.一些常见省略规则，比如前面整理的有关状语从句中的省略；2.有关to的省略；3.if引导的虚拟条件句中和限制性定语从句中的省略。有关to的省略和if引导的虚拟条件句的省略应该是我们备考的重点；具体说：1).在并列句中，为了避免与第一个分句的相同内容重复，可采用省略谓语，而保留主语和表语或补足语等成分；2).在定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词that/whom；3).宾语从句中的省略；4).在表示时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较的状语从句中，如果包含动词be，从句中的主语与主句相同，或者从句的主语为it，就常常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(动词be)省略掉，只保留连词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词;5).动词不定式的省略,在上下文中，为了避免重复前面或后面出现的动词和动词短语，通常在一些包含有动词不定式的结构中，将动词不定式省略，只保留动词不定式符号to。在下面几种情况下只保留不定式符号to：6).在交际英语中的答语中，往往只保留问句中所提问的部分。

插入语这一考点，考生只要注意常用插入语和常用插入语的情况即可。

【专题综合】1.—I hate talking with that guy.Look, he is coming.What should I do?

—Don‘t speak until_______.A.speaking

B.spoken to

C.spoken

D.speaking to 2.—Why do you want the book so much?

—_______, sir.A.Studying

B.Studies

C.Studied

D.To study

3.I wonder why you won‘t do it as_______.Its the third time you have done so.A.told to

B.be told

C.told you

D.you told 4.The dying old man opened his mouth as if ______something.A.to say

B.saying

C.to have said D.was saying 5.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if_______.A.to leave untreating

B.left untreated

C.leaving untreating

D.is left untreated 6.—I didn‘t do well in the last English test.How about you?

—_______.A.I‘ll do better next time

B.I like English, though C.A lot better

D.Even worse 7.—You seem to have lost your way._______?

—I‘m looking for Wangfujing Street.A.What for

B.Need help

C.Why so

D.Where to 8.—Which would you like, chicken or fish?

—_______

A.I don‘t think so.B.What if?

C.Both.D.Neither can I.9.You may take them all home_______.A.if possible

B.if can

C.unless so

D.even if you can

10.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don‘t take medicine_______.A.like directed

B.to be directed

C.as directed

D.so that directed 11.The man stopped from time to time ______whether he was being followed.A.as if found

B.as to find

C.as if to find D.when found 12.To tell the truth, I won‘t go to the party_______.A.so as to invite

B.even if invited C.if inviting

D.if invite 13.Water, _______enough, can change into vapour quickly.A.when heated

B.heating

C.though to be heated D.when is heated 14.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit __________the season.A.whatever

B.wherever

C.whenever

D.however 15.Generally speaking ,____ according to the directions , the drug has no side effect.A．when taking

B．when taken

C．when to take

D．when to be taken 16.What surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it.A.the way

B.in the way that

C.in the way

D.the way which 17.--You haven't lost the ticket, have you?--_________.I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.A.I hope not

B.Yes, I have

C.I hope so

D.Yes, I‘m afraid so 18.--–Can I speak to Mr Wang, please?

--________.A.Who are you ? B.I‘m Wang

C.Speaking

D.Are you Zhang 19.__________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be

B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may

D.Quiet as he may be a student 20.When_____help, one often says ―Thank you.‖ or ―It‘s kind of you‖.A.offering

B.to offer

C.to be offered

D.offered 21.--I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.--_______good.A.Sound

B.Sounded

C.Sounding

D.Sounds 22.__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be

D.Might you be 23.I can‘t remember ______ I met the man.A．where was it

B．it was where

C．where it was that D．where was it that

24.It is only 6.7% of Korean students _____have ever read Chinese books or watch Chinese TV programs.A．which

B．whoever

C．that

D．what 25.---____was it ____they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?---Totally by chance.A．What;that B．How;that

C．When;how

D．Where;that 26.I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn‘t matter _____I‘m talking to.A.who is it B.who it is

C.it is who

D.it is whom 27.Mr.Smith , in your eyes ,_____that affects the development of China‘s economy ? A.what it is B.what is it

C.how it is D.where is it 28.It was with great joy ______he received the news _______his lost daughter had been found． A．because, that B．which, which C．that, that D．since, that 29.It is in Steven Spielberg‘s first film , Jaws ,_____a big white shark attacks swimmers ____are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea..A.where, who

B.which, that

C.that, that

D.where, that 30.It was the rescue team ____ helped the victims in the earthquake in Tibet.A．which

B．what

C．who

D．whom 30.15.I just wonder ________ that makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is

D.what it is 31.It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.What‗s more

B.That is to say

C.In other words

D.Believe it or not 32._____ with you，I have no money to spare.A.To be frank

B.What‘s more

C.In addition

D.However 33._____，he should have done such a thing.A.Speaking general B.Strange to say

C.Luckily

D.Of course 参考答案和解析：

1.解析】B状语从句的省略形式，其完整句子是Don‘t speak until you are spoken to.2.【解析】D省略主句保留关键词，根据句意可以知道完整句子是：I want the book very much in order to study.3.【解析】A状语从句的省略形式，根据句意可知，其完整形式为as you are told to.4.【解析】A状语从句的省略形式，根据句意可知，其完整形式为：as if he wanted to say...5.【解析】B状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是：...if it is left untreated.6.【解析】D 状语从句的省略形式，其完整句为：I did even worse in the test.7.【解析】B语境省略。Need help? = Do you need help?

8.【解析】C由题意知C项可以恢复为：I‘d like them both / both of them。9.【解析】A状语从句的省略，由题意知其完整形式为if it is possible.10.【解析】C根据题意可知，其对应完整句子应为：as they are directed。11.【解析】C 该题对应的完整形式是：as if he wanted to find...12.【解析】B该题是状语从句的省略形式，其完整句是...even if I am invited。13.【解析】A该题是被动语态的状语从句的省略形式，补完整为：when it is heated 14.【解析】A whatever 引导让步状语从句，其后省略了it is。题意是―无论什么季节，律师除了穿套装外，很少穿其他衣服‖。15.【解析】B当分词的逻辑主语也就是主句的主语，这时可以省去逻辑主语和be动 词.现在分词表示主动和进行，而过去分词表示被动和完成。在这个句子中，其实是when the drug is taken,省去了the drug is，the drug 和take是被动关系．

16.【解析】A本题考查定语从句中的省略，the way 前省略了that或in which。

17.【解析】A本句的主语是个否定句，从回答可以看出票已经丢了，回答I hope not是我希望没有丢的意思。回答I hope so是我希望不是没有丢，就是我希望丢的意思 18.【解析】C汉语打电话中说―我是…‖，英语自报姓名不用―I am …‖。而用―This is … speaking‖ 这一句型或其它省略形式。Speaking=This is Mr Wang speaking=It‘s Mr Wang speaking

19.【解析】B在as引导的让步再从句倒装对，名词前冠词应省略。提示：as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至句首。20.【解析】D根据句意可以得知when之后省略了one is。

21.【解析】D Sounds good实际上是It Sounds good的省略22.【解析】B在if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。

23.【解析】C本题考查带有特殊疑问词的强调句用法，在宾语从句中应使用陈述语序。24.【解析】C本题考查强调句，强调主语，强调主语且该主语含有百分数，所以我们应注意被强调部分特殊结构。

25.【解析】B本题考查强调句，强调部分应为方式状语。

26.【解析】B本题考查强调句式在宾语从句中的使用，注意使用陈述语序。

27.【解析】B本题考查强调句式在特殊疑问句中的使用，应注意疑问语序和特殊疑问词位于句首。

28.【解析】C本句既考查强调句型又考查同位语从句，注意分清两种句型中的that,前面一空考查强调句，后面一空考查同位语从句。.29.【解析】C前一空考查强调句式，后一空考查定语从句，应注意分清整个句子结构。30.【解析】C本题考查强调句式，被强调部分在句中作主语。注意强调句中若强调人，用who, that 均可。

30.【解析】D本题考查强调句式在宾语从句中的使用，主语特殊疑问词的位置和语序

31.【解析】D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是―信不信由你‖，在句中作插入语。32.【解析】A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是―坦率地说‖，在句中用作插入语。

33.【解析】B.strange to say为形容词短语，意思是―说也奇怪‖，在句中用作插入语。

第二篇：2010高考二轮复习英语教案

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构

【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别；2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式；3.非谓语动词完成式的用法；4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语；5.非谓语动词用作目的状语；6.非谓语动词用作结果状语；7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题；9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。

对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。【知识网络】 非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人„„的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到„„”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对„„感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 【口诀记忆】

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮，愿望似乎就没有，碰巧承担常努力。attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划

bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习vow起

contrive设法，图谋 incline有„倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求

authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告

compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 【口诀记忆】

考虑建议盼原谅，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡

acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨

finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险

involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 【口诀记忆】 想起忘记常后悔

1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6)mean to do打算，有意要„ mean doing意味着

7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1）不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如： ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动 ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求 campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会 chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望 courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因 decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光

determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿

5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。

6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。

7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要求不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点：

1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。

3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 5．不定式和分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：

a：not/never too„to, too„not to , but/only too„ to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义

b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构（1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：

When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介词except和but作“只有„，只能„”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式 连用）。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不带to的不定式

1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.让他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come．

The boy was made to go to bed early.②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：

Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。

（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。

间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

7．非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型

1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。8.非谓语动词的特殊结构

有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。1）现在分词的独立结构

judging from / by„, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的独立结构

to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)动词原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作连词的分词considering（考虑到，就„而言），providing / provided „假如，supposing 假如 这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。

独立主格结构

一、概念：

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。

二、功能：

“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。

三、形式：

独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。

四、举例：

1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词＋－ing;表原因）

2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无动词结构；表伴随）

3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词＋－ed;表状态）

4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词＋副词；表时间）

5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（借此结构；表伴随）

6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词＋不定式；表时间）

五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：

1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。但是，独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例：

⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果时间允许，本周末我们最好休息一下。

⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。

2、还应该注意，分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，而是主句的其他成分。语法上称作“依着原则”；有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语，语法上称作“悬垂分词”。例：

⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很长时间。(依着原则)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我们)种花时必须小心，不能碰坏花根。（悬垂分词）

六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同：

1、有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。这些短语有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：

⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说，这个规则很容易懂。

⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根据他所说的，她一定很诚实。

2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：

⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.说实话，我在会上说的并不是我的意见。

⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把钥匙锁在车里了

七、非谓语动词独立主格结构

在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）

= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）

= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）

= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“独立主格结构”

在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。1．动词不定式用主动的形式

在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）

——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。

（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）

The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）

Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）

1． 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）必背：

含有being的独立主格结构。

It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。

= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。

= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”

与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。

= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比较：

动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。

The manager looks worried，many things to settle.经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）

The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的

八、with、without 引导的独立主格结构

介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A． with+名词代词+形容词

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：

在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。B． with+名词代词+副词

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名词代词+介词短语

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名词代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：

在with/without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）

九、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。A．作状语

独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。1．表示时间 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示条件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：

表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下课了，学生都离开了教室。

【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。4．表示伴随情况或补充说明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定语

独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：

在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不 是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独立主格结构）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以避免的。（不要改为独立主格结构）

第三篇：XX高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

XX高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

XX高考二轮复习英语教案专题十九阅读理解【专题要点】阅读理解题考查的不仅是考生对整篇的把握能力，还考查了他们快速扑捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解表层意义，更重要的是要通过的表层去合理判断、挖掘的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。具体要点如下：1主旨大意类；2细节理解类；3推理判断类；4词义猜测类；观点态度类等五大要点。【考纲要求】考纲对考生阅读能力的要求：1．要求考生能读懂一般性话题，且生词率不超过2％的简短文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短。2．要求考生能够做到以下几点：理解主旨大意；寻读具体信息；识别不同文体特征；根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；作出简单的判断和推理；理解文段的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度；理解文段的文化信息。新标对对高中英语阅读技能的要求：1能识别不同文体特征；2能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；3能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；4能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；除教材外，外阅读量累计达到30万词以上。【教法指引】教师在引导学生突破阅读理解题时可以从高考命题方向和该题选材特点对学生进行训练，在训练中点拨技巧，在训练中提高考生的综合运用能力。具体说：1阅读理解作为高考英语中最重要的一种题型，题量最大，所占分值也最多。此类题型是全面检测考生接受书面信息和反馈能力的重要标尺。高考阅读理解要求考生在3分钟左右的时间内，完成对4～篇短文的阅读理解并作出解答。用来考查考生的以下几种能力：1）考查考生综合运用语言的能力；2）考查考生的英语思维能力和社会文化意识；3）考查考生辨认、捕捉和归纳细节信息，并通过字面意思对中心思想、作者的写作目的、意图、态度以及的行文特点进行合理推断的能力；4）考查考生的阅读速度与词汇量。近些年来，高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性的考题虽仍是考查重点，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题也占很大比重。2．高考阅读理解中的选材特点：1)所选材料均于实际生活，其内容与社会现实保持较高的一致性，强调了语篇选材的真实性，具有鲜明的时代感。行文表达常使用比较正式的书面语言；2）语篇题材分布比较均匀，题材丰富多样。阅读语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等文体。内容涵盖日常生活、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保、经济等诸多领域的热点、焦点问题。3）高考阅读理解持续保持较大的阅读量，要求考生在特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。另外试题材料含有较高的词汇量，增加了试题的信息含量，体现了新标的理念。一般4-篇阅读题阅读词汇量控制在1000词左右；4）阅读材料的原汁原味越来越浓厚，体现了现代英语的特点，阅读材料的文化含量加大，的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读才能读懂。3点拨阅读技巧，在练中领悟，领悟中训练，技巧能力并进。

第四篇：2010高考二轮复习英语教案：专题十八 完形填空

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题十八 完形填空

【专题要点】完形填空为综合性考查题型，是考生双基知识和综合运用能力的体现，基本要点如下：1.语法知识类：这些语法包括引导词、主谓一致、名词或代词的数和格、非谓语代词的用法、平行结构、倒装句、强调句、情态动词、虚拟语气、动词的基本时态及搭配等；2.词语辨析类：考查形近词辨析；考查同义词和近义词辨析；考查常用词辨析；3.背景常识类：完形填空是独立的语篇，往往渗透着浓厚的风土人情、历史地理、科学等知识；4.惯用固定搭配：以动词、名词和形容词为中心所构成的短语，通常为考查的重点。

【考纲要求】考纲把完形填空归于英语知识运用题，对它的具体要求为：在一篇250-300词（或200-250词）的短文中留出20个空，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使 补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考纲仍然遵循突出语篇、强调运用、注重交际的原则，强调对学生综合运用能力的考查以及语言知识的积累和复习。新课标要求，英语教学的总体目标是培养学生的综合运用能力，而语言技能（听、说、读、写的能力）的形成，在语言学习过程中是相辅相成、相互促进的。学生通过大量的、专门的和综合的语言练习，才能形成综合的语言运用能力，同时这也包括了完形填空的能力，为以后的真实的语言交际运用打下一个坚实的基础。

【教法指引】完形填空题是学生丢分非常严重的题型，教师在引导学生突破完形填空时一个是做题方法的指导，另外要把握考纲的要求：即基础+能力，在平时的复习备考中要抓住这两点，不能一味地进行完形填空的专项训练。通过对近几年来高考完形填空的分析可知，这个题型主要考查考生如下几方面的能力：

1．熟练运用英语语法短语和惯用法。考生的语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，对文章的理解就会越深刻、全面。近些年来，情境意义的考查代替了明显的语法知识的考查，但是仍然会间接地考查语法，这就需要考生平时要不断锤炼自身的辨析能力。

2．丰富的词汇知识和扎实的辨析能力。要有一定的词汇量，一个单词可能有几个词义，对常用的词义都应掌握，要掌握其不同的词性，否则，只知词义不知词性仍然无法进行正确的把握。要掌握常用的词语搭配和词语辨析。3．掌握阅读技巧，提高语篇理解能力。

虽然所给的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填人文中。这也就是完形填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和语法的试题的根本区别。由此可见，考生在做题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不应该只看到所填的词在句子内是否可行。

4．学会正确的逻辑推断方法，锐化自己的思维。逻辑思维能力有助于对文章深层次含义的理 解和把握，从而选择早佳答案，完成“完形”。总之，可以看出完形填空作为一种综合性语言测试题，它检查的是考生对英语的综合运用能力，包括考生在词汇、句型、语法等方面的语言知识综合运用能力以及阅读理解、英语思维、英语文化背景知识和逻辑推理能力。它 是一种考查学生语言能力，特别是语篇层次上交际能力的较难题型。它覆盖的面非常广，是考查考生英语综合水平的重要手段。教师只有明白了这种题型考查学生学生哪方面的能力和要求在复习备考中严格训练就能提高学生的完形填空题的应试能力。

第五篇：高考二轮复习英语教案：专题十 定语从句

高考二轮复习英语教案

专题十 定语从句

【专题要点】定语从句要点概述：1.关系代词和关系副词的区别。当先行词是时间或地点时，如何判断用关系副词when, where还是which或that；2.when,where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别；3.“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句，关键要找准先行词或定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配；4.that, which引导定语从句的区别；5.as引导的定语从句；6.such---as与such---that的区别；the same----as/that的用法；7.the way作先行词时用that/in which引导或省略that或in which；8.that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

【考纲要求】对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。

【教法指引】定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是高考英语常考的一个考点，是历年高考的热点，掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。对定语从句的考查角度较多，分析近几年的高考试题发现：从从句类型上看，考查非限制定语从句，限制性定语从句；从关系词上看，关系代词which，关系副词where，关系副词when均有考查；从介词+关系代词方面，也有涉及。当然不管从那个方面考查，只要弄清定语从句的有关概念就可以“以不变应万变”。因此教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意： 1．了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别。2．分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。3．注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择“介词+关系代词”的结构。4.加强有关定语从句的理解和练习。

【知识网络】

定语从句

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分

用于限制从句或非限制性从句

只用于限制性从句

代替人

代替物

代替人或物 主语

Who

which

that 主语

Whom

which

that 宾语

Whose（=of whom）whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法

（1）如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which.例如： All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：

（3）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：

There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。

（6）which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

（7）如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which；若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who.（8）先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that.例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行词是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用which.例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you？ 3.“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构

（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是

in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或

which，不可用that.（2）from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town…（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（2）

二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2.that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

（1）弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3.先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

1）This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about…… 2）He was the only person in this country who was invited

四、as在定语从句中的用法

1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which.例如： The elephant's nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same---that与 the same---as在意思上是不同的。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面。中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.3.as, which的比较

1).在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用 They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.2).如从句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意时，用as We won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4).当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书(比较：This is the

same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5).当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.6).as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.