第一篇：XX高考二轮复习英语教案- 形容词和副词
XX高考二轮复习英语教案: 形容词和副
词
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3.deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”
Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4.high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5.wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”
Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6.free与freely
free的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是“无限制地”
youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.三形容词与副词的比较级
基本构成
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
.规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
tall taller allest
未尾加-er,-est great greater
greatest
以不发音的e结尾 nice nicer
nicest 的单音词和少数 large larger
largest
以-le结尾的双
able（有能力的)abler ablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母 big
bigger biggest
结尾的闭音节单 hot热的)
hotter
hottest
音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est
“以辅音字母+y” easy easier
easiest
结尾的双音节词，busy busier busiest
改y为i，再加-er，-est
少数以-er，-ow clever cleverer
cleverest
结尾的双音节词 narrow narrower
narrowest
未尾加-er，-est
其他双音节词和 important
多音节词，在前面加more，mostmoreimportant
mostimportant
来构成比较级和最高级 easily
moreeasily mosteasily
2.不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/
better best
well
bad/ worse worst
ill
old
older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many more
most
little
less
least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
（二）几组常用比较等级句型
.as+形容词或副词原级+as）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。
Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as+形容词+a+单数名词
as+many/much+名词
Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面
Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数+as+adj.+as <=>倍数+then+of
Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.2.比较级形容词或副词+than
youaretallerthanI.Theylightsinyourroomareasbrightasthoseinmine.【点拨】1）要避免重复使用比较级
Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中
chinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.chinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词
比较：whichislarge,canadaorAustralia?
whichisthelargercountry,canadaorAustralia?
Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.（三）可修饰比较级的词）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面
【典型例题】:
----Areyoufeeling____?
----yes，I'mfinenow.A.anywell
B.anybetter
c.quitegood
D.quitebetter
【答案】B.any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.（四）几种比较等级的特殊用法
.下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：
inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith,incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.Theirwatchis_____toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.A.superior
B.advantageous
c.super
D.beneficial
【答案】A “ 2.“比较级＋and+比较级”或
原
级
”
以
及moreandmore/lessandless+“ever,steadily,daily等副词＋比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等。前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中，注意的是这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than
Thingsaregettingworseandworse.AsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.3.有关比较级的特殊句型
notsomuch…as…与其说……不如说……
【典型例题】 Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn
’tsomuchariseinbirthrates_____afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.A.and
B.as
c.but
D.or
【答案】B句意：人口增长的主要原因与其说是因为出生率的提高，还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的死亡率下降的结果
no/notanymore…than…两者一样都不……
【典型例题】
Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.A.notso
B.notmuch
c.muchmore
D.nomore
【答案】D句意：心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制
no/notanyless…than…两者一样,都……注意基本上与no/notanymore…than意思相反
Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.她和她姐姐一样漂亮
justas…so…
正如……，……也……（用倒装结构）
【典型例题】
justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,______theatmosphere.A.asitis
B.thesameis
c.sois
D.andsois
【答案】c
（五）最高级形式应注意的问题：
.最高级比较范围用介词in,over,of,among
in,over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：inchina,allovertheworld.of,among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：amongtheteachers,ofthefourdresses.注意：among…相当于oneof…,不说amongall…。这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来
【典型例题】
______allvisiblelights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelength.A.Among
B
of
c.For
D.To
【答案】B
2.比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：
anyother+单数名词
theother+复数名词
theothers
anyone/anythingelse
上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，尤其是other，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。如不能说：johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意与汉语表达的不同
3.most可以用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，用法区分单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants，要注意与“the+形容词最高级＋of+名词”的结构表示的最高级的区别，如：
Hespokeinthewarmestofvoices
Theyhavebeenmostkindtome
Basketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.chineseisthemostdifficultoflanguage
chineseisamostdifficultlanguage
（六）不用比较级和最高级的形容词
.表示颜色的有：white,black 2.表示形态的有：round,square,oval,circular,triangular，level 3.表
示
性
质
和
特
征的有
：atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden,silvery,woolen,earthen,silent,full,empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind,lame,rainy 4.表
示
状
态
作
表
语的有
：afraid,asleep,alive,ashamed,alone,aware,alike 5.表示时间、空间和方位的有：daily,weekly,monthly,annual,present,front,back,forward,backward,east,west,south,north,left,right,final 6.表示极限、主次、等级的有：maximum,minimum,utmost,main,major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite 7.含
有
绝
对
概
念的有
：absolute,entire,whole,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete.（七）平行结构与比较级
平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较级或者暗含比较意味的连词引导的Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisplayedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义的，有的是递进对比notonly…but;prefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同类对比：and;but；or；both…and…；either…or…;neither…nor…..平行结构复习时要注意以下几点：
．注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。
Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.【典型例题】
Itisbettertodieone’sfeetthan______.A.livingonone’sknees
B.liveonone’sknees
c.onone’sknees
D.toliveonone’sknees
【答案】D
2．其他具有并列或比较意义的短语也可引导平行结构。）ratherthan,letalone虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。
【典型例题】
wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyle____inapersonalstyle.A.ratherthan
B.otherthan
c.betterthan
D.lessthan
【答案】A
2）如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。
Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials.www.5y
kj.co
m
第二篇：副词和形容词
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副词和形容词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为： 地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
一、形容词和副词的基本用法 【翻译句子】
(1)这是一座美丽的公园。
It's a beautiful park.(2)这个动物园既生动又有趣。The zoo is both moving and interesting.(3)谁把窗开着的？
Who left the window open? 【结论1】形容词在句中一般作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语。【完成例句】
(4)你是完全对的。
You are completely right.(5)他昨晚很晚才睡觉。
He went to bed late last night.(6)幸运的是，我没有被撞倒。
Luckily, I was not knocked down.精心收集
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【结论2】副词在句中主要作状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和句子。【疑难】
He finally came back, safe and sound.【疑难剖析】形容词若作状语，表示主语所处的状态。
二、形容词的位置 【完成例句】
(7)今天的报纸没有什么新的东西。There is nothing new in today's newspaper.(8)人民，只有人民，才是创造历史的动力。
The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.(9)你还知道别的什么？ What else do you know?(10)你认识那个肩上扛一袋米的人吗？
Do you know the man carrying a bag full of rice on his back? 【结论】单个形容词作前置定语，但在下列情况作后置定语：
形容词修饰不定代词时；当表语形容词alone, awake, alive, asleep, alike等作定语时；else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语；形容词构成短语时作后置定语。3.多个形容词排序： 【完成例句】
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(11)大厅里有一张大的圆会议桌。
There is a big round conference table in the hall.(12)她丢了一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包。
She lost a small shiny black leather handbag.(13)我想买一辆蓝色德国赛车。
I wanted a blue German sports car.【结论】常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋ 描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting…)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋ 中心名词。可以简单地记为：“县官行令宴国才。”
三、副词的用法 1．副词的种类
时间副词 now, today, recently, late, soon, yet等。频率副词 often, always, usually, seldom, frequently等。
地点、方向副词 away, abroad, anywhere, downstairs, home, here, there等。
方式副词 clearly, carefully, alone, high, quickly等。
程度副词 almost, a little, much, very, rather, quite, fairly, deeply等。疑问连接副词 when, where, why, how等。
否定副词 not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never等。
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其他副词 even, also, only, too, perhaps等。2.副词的位置 【完成例句】
(14)这本书是很有趣的。This book is quite interesting.(15)这男孩已够大，可以上学了。
【结论1】 The boy is old enough to go to school.副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前，但enough, nearby必须置于其后。【完成例句】
(16)他总是乐于助人。
He is always ready to help others.(17)我永远也忘不了那天。
I will never forget that day.【结论2】频率副词(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly, sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。【完成例句】
(18)幸运的是，他没有被淹死而是被解放军救了起来。
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.(19)对她来说，她的继母对她很慈善。
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.【结论3】修饰全句的副词多置于句首，作评注性状语。
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【疑难1】
分清常用同义与近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别。He planted this tree three years ago.Have you seen the movie before?
He is good at singing, but doesn't feel well today.【疑难剖析1】 ago、before: ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用 ago。
good、well：与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
real、true：形容词，表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。【疑难2】词性辨析 He was very friendly.He jumped high in the game and we all thought highly of him.The thunder was very frightening, so the little girl was very frightened.【疑难剖析2】
(1)下列单词以“－ly”结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
(2)表原义(无“－ly”)和引申义(有“－ly”)的副词：close近，closely 仔细地； late晚，lately最近；deep深，表示空间深度，deeply
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时常表示感情上的深度，深深地；wide表示空间宽度，widely广泛地；free免费，freely 无限制地。
有无“－ly”意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对；be dead asleep；deadly非常；be deadly tired。
pretty相当，be pretty certain that…，pretty good;prettily漂亮地，be prettily dressed;most 最，mostly主要地；绝大多数。
(3)注意某些分词转化而来的形容词。表示情感类的过去分词表示心理状态，而现在分词则表示性质，令人……
这类词常见的有： exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的
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satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的
四、比较句型
1.原级句型：A与B 相同 / 不同：as…as…，the same as, such…as…，not as(so)…as… 【翻译句子】
(20)我几乎和你年龄一样大。
I am almost as old as you.【结论1】as…as 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形。“as…as”可用almost, quite, just, about, nearly, twice, by no means(根本)修饰，置于“as…as”之前。【翻译句子】
(21)约翰不像杰克那样聪明。John is not as / so clever as Jack.【结论2】so用以替代第一个as时，只能用于否定句。【完成例句】
(22)鲍伯和玛丽读了一样多的书。Bob has read as many books as Mary.(23)这瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一样多。
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There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle.【结论3】as much＋不可数名词＋as，而as many＋可数名词复数＋as。
【完成例句】
(24)德语和英语一样也是一门难的语言。German is as difficult a language as English.(25)面包是和米饭一样重要的食物。Bread is as important food as rice.【结论4】as＋adj.＋不定冠词＋可数名词单数＋as;as＋adj.＋不可数名词＋as。
2.比较级＋than的句型 【完成例句】
(26)她唱得比别人好得多。
She sings far / much better than the others.【结论1】比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, even, still, a great deal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more。【完成例句】
(27)他比班里其他同学学习刻苦。
He studies harder than any other student in his class.【结论2】表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内。他本身也是学生，不能用any students来表示比较对象的范围。
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【完成例句】
(28)汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵。
Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's(＝Jim's bike).(29)北京的天气比上海冷。(that指代天气)The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.【结论3】比较的对象要一致，一般说来同等的两个事物才能比较。【翻译句子】(30)两人中他高一点。Heis the taller of the two.【结论4】比较级范围是由of 引出两者之间的比较，比较级前要用定冠词。【完成例句】
(31)父母之爱，是世间最伟大的爱。
There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.【结论5】比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。3.最高级句型(只用于三者或以上的比较)【完成例句】
(32)它们是世界上最大的动物。
They're the biggest animals in the world.【结论1】形容词最高级要加the。【完成例句】
(33)He is a brightest student.精心收集
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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案
他是一个非常聪明的学生。
【结论2】如不表示比较，也没有表示比较范围的状语，最高级前用a 时，作“十分”、“非常”解。【翻译句子】
(34)他是班里第二高的男生。He is the second tallest boy in our class.【结论3】最高级可用by far, easily, nearly, by no means，序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。
4.倍数表达法的句式 【例句观察】
(1)我们的新房子是旧房子的3倍大。
Our new house was three times as large as the old one.＝Our new house was twice larger than the old one.＝Our new house was three times the size of the old one.(2)2005年的汽车产量是2002年的产量的6倍。The output of cars in 2005 is 6 times that of 2002.＝The output of cars in 2005 is 6 times what it was in 2002.【结论4】倍数表达法主要有以下5种：(1)…倍数＋as＋原级＋as…(2)…倍数＋比较级＋than…
(3)…倍数＋the size / length / weight / height of…(4)…倍数＋that of…
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(5)…倍数＋what…
【特别提醒】表示倍数的词始终在前面。
5.一些固定习惯用语与句型。
【句型1】 “the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构，意为“越……，越……”。
The higher the temperature(is)，the greater is the pressure(＝the greater the pressure is)．
温度越高，压力就越大。
【句型2】 “比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”，表示程度逐渐增长。
Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活越来越好。【句型3】常见的比喻结构有：
as free as a bird, as hungry as a wolf, as strong as a horse, as clever as a fox, as busy as a bee…
【句型4】 as long as 只要，有……之久； as far as 到……地点，就……而言；as high as 高达……程度； as well as 既……又； as good as 几乎
【句型5】
A is to B what C is to D.A和B 的关系就像C和D的关系。Air is to man what water is to fish.精心收集
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空气和人类的关系就像水和鱼的关系。【疑难1】
That little girl is more tired than hungry.那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了(与其说那小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了)。【疑难剖析】
1)more…than…是……而不是……，与其说是……不如说是…… 2)no more than ＝ only 只不过(言其少)not more than＝ at most不多于，至少(指事实)no more…than…和……一样不…… not more…than…不比……更……
no less than ＝ as much as和……一样多…… no fewer than ＝ as many as和……一样多
【疑难2】
You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful.【疑难剖析2】can't be too＋adj.＝ can't be ＋adj.＋ enough 无论……都不为过
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第三篇：2010高考二轮复习英语教案
2010高考二轮复习英语教案
专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。
【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。
【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别；2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式；3.非谓语动词完成式的用法；4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语；5.非谓语动词用作目的状语；6.非谓语动词用作结果状语；7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题；9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。
对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。【知识网络】 非谓语动词用法
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人„„的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到„„”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对„„感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 【口诀记忆】
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮，愿望似乎就没有，碰巧承担常努力。attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习vow起
contrive设法，图谋 incline有„倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求
authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告
compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 【口诀记忆】
考虑建议盼原谅，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险
involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 【口诀记忆】 想起忘记常后悔
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6)mean to do打算，有意要„ mean doing意味着
7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．
10)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如： ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动 ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求 campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会 chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望 courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因 decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要求不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 5．不定式和分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never too„to, too„not to , but/only too„ to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介词except和but作“只有„，只能„”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式 连用）。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
7．非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。8.非谓语动词的特殊结构
有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。1）现在分词的独立结构
judging from / by„, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的独立结构
to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)动词原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作连词的分词considering（考虑到，就„而言），providing / provided „假如，supposing 假如 这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。
独立主格结构
一、概念：
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能：
“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
三、形式：
独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。
四、举例：
1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词＋－ing;表原因）
2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无动词结构；表伴随）
3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词＋－ed;表状态）
4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词＋副词；表时间）
5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（借此结构；表伴随）
6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词＋不定式；表时间）
五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：
1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。但是，独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例：
⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果时间允许，本周末我们最好休息一下。
⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。
2、还应该注意，分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，而是主句的其他成分。语法上称作“依着原则”；有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语，语法上称作“悬垂分词”。例：
⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很长时间。(依着原则)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我们)种花时必须小心，不能碰坏花根。（悬垂分词）
六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同：
1、有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。这些短语有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：
⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说，这个规则很容易懂。
⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根据他所说的，她一定很诚实。
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：
⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.说实话，我在会上说的并不是我的意见。
⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把钥匙锁在车里了
七、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）
= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）
= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。1．动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）
——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。
（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）
The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）
1． 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）必背：
含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。
= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。
= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比较：
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的
八、with、without 引导的独立主格结构
介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A． with+名词代词+形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：
在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。B． with+名词代词+副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名词代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了，火车开始起动了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名词代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：
在with/without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）
九、独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。A．作状语
独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。1．表示时间 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。
（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。
（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。
（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）
There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。
(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示条件
Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。
（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。
（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）
Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。
（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：
表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下课了，学生都离开了教室。
【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。4．表示伴随情况或补充说明
The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。
（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。
（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。
（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定语
独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。
He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。
= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：
在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不 是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。
If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独立主格结构）
If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以避免的。（不要改为独立主格结构）
第四篇：形容词副词复习教案
[形容词副词复习教案]
形容词副词复习教案
所需课时：三课时 高考考点：
1.多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序； 2.比较级表达最高级含义的用法； 3.能用于修饰比较级的词或短语；
4.近义形容词、副词在具体语境中的运用； 5.形容词和副词的辨析 内容讲解：
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，形容词副词复习教案。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面； 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词
a small round table； a tall shirt； a famous german medical school； an expensive japanese sports car【典型例题】: boys.other little d.little other--性质--名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有c符合答案。
2.形容词在句中常做定语，表语，有时作状语表伴、随原因等；而副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
3比较级表达最高级含义的用法 1)比较级+ than + any other + 单数名词
any of the other + 复数名词
any of the others anyone else/ anything else all the other+ 复数名词 you are cleverer than all the other students in your class.2)比较级用在否定句中表最高级的含义；------go for a------___________ , i love getting close to nature.a.i couldn’t agree more.b.i am afraid not.c.i believe not d.i don’t think so 4.可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面 5.a + 谓语 + 倍数 + as + 形容词副词原形+b
+ 比较级+than + b 6.形容词和副词的辨析.a.eventually b.unfortunately c.generously d.purposefuliy 7.兼有两种形式的副词 1).close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 he is sitting close to me.closely.2).late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近
3).deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 he pushed the stick deep into the mud.4).high与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much i think highly of your opinion.he opened the door 6).free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 you can eat free in too 连用置于名词前的特殊排列顺序.。+ a/ an + 名词
he is not _______ as any of us, but he is brave enough..a.so a good player b.so good a player c.a player so good d.a so good player近三年形容词副词高考题
greeting him.（2008福建）a.friendly b.lively 2.ten years ago the(2008陕西卷)as large as as 3.----it shouldnt help.----thats right.____.（2008江苏卷）a.b.something is better than nothing c.the more the merrier d.the sooner begin, the sooner done 4.it is ___to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending on trying to make people ___ after they are ill.（2008江苏卷）a.good „ good better d.better „ good 5.my brother is（2008天津卷）a.open-minded b.self-confident d.6.i havent seen ann like.（2008四川卷）a.such b.very c.so d.too 7.although badly call.（2008四川卷 a.still b.even c.also d.ever 8.a cough is usually ___.（2008四川卷）a.or more b.instead c.at most d.only you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?（2008山东）a.free b.vacant c.handy d.convenient 10.the house still（全国卷ii）a.instead b.altogether c.at once d.at least ___cold that i didnt like to leave my room.（2008全国卷1）a.really b.such c.too d.so（2008全国卷1）a.b.c.13.youre driving too fast.can you drive___?（2008全国卷1）bit more c.a bit more 14.____hungry i am, i never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.(2008辽宁卷)a.15.it looks like the(2008辽宁卷)a.the b.16.if a person has day.（2008江西卷）a.up c.in d.back 17.jack is late a.normal b.ordinary d.typical 18.last night mr.and stayed out until midnight.(2008湖南卷)b.c.instead d.yet 19.in those days, a.normal b.constant c.permanent d.primary remote area, he visits his parents only ___.(2008湖北卷)a.occasionally b.anxiously c.practically d.urgently 21.after the long a.hungry and tiredly b.hungry and tired c.hungrily and tiredly d.hungrily and tired
prize.（2008安徽卷）a.skillfully b.c.d.nervously 23.students are teacher.（2008安徽卷）often 24.some people ___behavior and crime in society(2008上海春招卷).a.childish b.artificial c.aggressive d.heroic ___ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly.(2008上海春招)a.much b.more c.most d.many 26.food safety is ___important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution.(2008上海春招)a.highly b.reasonably c.strongly d.naturally londons not as expensive in price as tokyo but tokyo is ___in traffic.(2008年上海卷)a.the most organized b.more organized c.so organized as d.as organized as glasses!09全国ｉ23 a.good c.best d.better 29.the children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride.09全国ii9 a.most b.more c.less d.little ks 30.i’m sure that a.continued b.immediate c.careful d.generals 31.it’s high time you had your hair cut;it’s getting.全国ii18 a.too much long b.much too long k c.long too much d.too long much 32.as there is less fuel.湖北27 a.primary b.alternative c.instant d.unique 33.the questionnaire takes ten to a.mainly b.punctually c.approximately d.precisely 34.i can be a teacher.i’m not a very patient person.湖南24 a.seldom b.ever c.never d.35.frank put the kids.江西32 a.accessible b.relative c.acceptable d.sensitive into ____car.江西23 a.girl’s;tom’s b.girls’;toms’
c.girls’;tom’s d.girl’s;toms’ up., a.moreover b.therefore c.38.mary and i see each other , a.sooner or later b.once in a c.in the end d.more or less 39.it seems that living green is easy and affordable.a small step masks a big difference.福建30 a.exactly b.fortunately c.surprisingly d.hardly 40.im amazed to hear from my school teacher again., it a.in a more c.that’s to say d.believe it or not house, but ___too small for a family of live.天津12 a.rarely b.fairly c.rather d.pretty 41.i’m not surprised 天津13 a.clear b.cautious c.funny d.vivid 42.usually john time, to my surprise, he arrived on time.辽宁25 a.little b.much c.ever d.even sister, jerry is even more to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.江苏27 a.sceptical b.addicted c.available d.sensitive 44.this special school accepts all disabled students, ___educational level and background.江苏30 a.according to b.regardless of c.in addition to d.in terms of 45.it took ___building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses.it took brains, too.浙江10 a.other than b.more than c.rather than d.less than 46., the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.浙江18 a.generally speaking b.on the contrary c.in particular d.to be honest 47.in the good care of the nurses, the boy is recovering from his heart operation.浙江 19 a.quietly b.actually c.practically d.gradually 48.john is very ——if he promises to do something he’ll do it.浙江15 a.independent b.confident c.reliable d.flexible 参考答案
1------5 a c a c b 6-----10 c a a d d 11----15 d a c d a 16----20 a d c d a 21---25 b a a c b 26----30 a b d a b 31---35 b b c c a 36---40 c c b c d 41---45 d b d b b 46---d d c
形容词副词配套训练题
a.black leather small b.small leather black
c.black small leather d.small black leather 2.---i think the take the job.a.that is to say more c.in other d.in that case 3.—let me help you , tom!—thank you.i can do it.here’s to hold all these things.a.a big enough case b．an enough big case
c.a case enough big d．a case big enough your visit to disneyland? —i enjoyed it very
a.far more interested b.far more interesting c.so interesting d.even more interested 5.— yao ming has —yes, he couldn’t points in 20 minutes in the opening game.a.better b.good c.nice d.best person.—but in my opinion , he is a.cleverer b．braver c.more brave d．less brave here for the night? —sorry.i have ____ to hold you all.a.too small a room b.very small a room c.a too small room d.such small a room 8.the bicycles in
a.cheaper, not as good b.more cheap, not as better
c.cheaper, not as better d.more cheap, not as good 9.the finance a high level.a.famous b.c.popular d.favourable 10.time.a.likely
b.easily c.nearly d.lonely 11.—has the design of the city square been decided? —no, it’s still ______ to suggestions.a.open c.ready d．hopeful so driven.a.proper , madly b．thirsty , mad c.sad , madly d．curious , mad difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.a.naturally b.basically c.unluckily d.especially his name and carefully at the top of the paper.a.anxiously b．attentively c.obviously d．clearly and then, but not ______.a.freely c.regularly d．presently i’ve not got a ticket for the football match.broadcast.a.live b．lively c.alive d．living speaking.then b．by and by c.step by step d．more or less 18.classical music.a.in a b．in general c.in particular d．in total 19.i thought the horse back.as you can imagine ,i haven’t been invited back.a.later b．since c.after d．ever that first aid is important and you can save lives if the right action is taken.a.terribly b．hardly c.scarcely d．rarely 21.he slipped and had his leg broken.three months.a.in any case b．after all c.as a result 22.—do you like nack ? —yes , nack is good , intelligent;, i can’t speak too highly of him.a.as a result b．in a c.by the d．on the contrary 23.this play, it.a.out of the question
c.in doubt
d.under no condition 24.－if i’m not anything? －not yet.he never forgets, _________.a.since b．therefore c.so d．though 25.he is ready to help others ,seldom, a.if never b．if ever c.if not d．if any
【答案解析】
1、d 此题考查名词前多个形容词的排列顺序，教案《形容词副词复习教案》。一般顺序为：size + general description + age + shape + color +material + origin + purpose(a practical english grammar), 故选d。
2、d 本题考查副词短语在具体语意环境下的应用。此题可先排除语义一致的a、c两项。b项表示递进，d项表示条件。该题语意为：假如那家公司给出的工资不高的话，我就不要那份工作。故选d项。
3、a 本题考查enough与形容词连用时的位置关系。当enough修饰形容词或副词时，enough应放在形容词、副词之后，故选a。
4、b 本题考查形容词及其比较等级的用法。interesting 一般用来修饰事物，interested 一般用来修饰人，可排除a、d。比较等级前可用much、a lot、any、a little、far等表示程度的副词来修饰。故选b。
5、a 本题形容词的比较等级表示最高级含义的用法。形容词的比较级用在否定句中可表示最高级含义，本句句意为：他不可能希望有比这更好的开端。故选a。
6、c more„than„与其说„，倒不如说„，多用来对某一事物内部不同性质的比较。与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勇敢。故选c。
7、a as, very small room;such a small room.故选a。
8、a 本题可采用增元法或补全法来解题。把句子补全为：the bicycles be _ as the ones in this shop.很明显，答案为a。
9、c 本题考查考生对近义形容词的辨析能力。因为财政部长把税收提高了那么高的水平，所以他不受欢迎。be popular 受欢迎。故选c。
10、a likely 形容词，意为“有可能的”，easily、nearly为副词, lonely 意思不适合，故选a。
11、a be open to: 向„开放，为固定短语。故选a。
12、b 孩子丢了，jane当然非常想知道孩子的消息，以至于几乎要发疯。be thirsty for 渴望。drive sb mad 使某人发疯。故选b。
13、d 在国外非常不容易，尤其是如果你不会说该国的语言。故选d。
14、d 非常仔细地签了名字，当然应该也非常清晰。故选d。
15、c 可知并不经常、有规律。故选c。
16、a live adj :活的，现场直播的，adv,以直播方式;lively精力充沛的;alive活着的;living 活着的，有生命的。根据句意，足球比赛将现场直播。故选a。
17、a and by 不久、马上，step by step 逐步地, more or less 几乎、差不多。本句句意为：我们即使在班空时，也不时地进行练习。故选a。
18、b 通常，大多数的少儿喜欢听摇滚音乐，而jonah 喜欢听古典音乐。in 总共。故选b。
19、b 自从我从马背上摔下来后，再也未参加骑马运动。since :adv 从„以后。故选b。20、a terribly : 很，非常，hardly 几乎不，scarcely 仅仅、几乎不，rarely 不常。由句意知，急救是非常重要的。故选a。
21、c 他滑了一跤，腿摔断了，结果是，他不得不休息两到三个月。as a result :结果是。故选c。
22、b 前面列举了nack的很多优良品质，最后总结道：我再怎么赞扬他也不过分。四个选项只有in 23．b out of the question : 决不。由“戏剧里有很多有趣的角色”可知“这部戏剧总的来说是好的”！故选b。
24、d though : adv ,虽然如此，可是。本句语义环境为：虽然他还未给我礼物，但他从未忘过。故选d。
25、b 由句意可知：他总是乐于助人，如果说他曾经拒绝过别人的话，那也是很不经常的。故选b。
第五篇：高考英语二轮复习专题03 形容词和副词教学案(含解析)
专题03 形容词和副词
形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：
1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。
2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词＋特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。
3．考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。4．考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。
一、形容词和副词的基本用法 1．形容词在句中的作用。
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。He was lying in bed，dead.(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：
He is an ill man.(错)The man is ill.(对)She is an afraid girl.(错)The girl is afraid.(对)(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：
Tom is a twoyearold boy.2．副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如： Obviously you are wrong.他比姚明高多了。
但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.4．几种带有否定词的比较句型
(1)no better than表示“和……一样；实际等于……”。例如： The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。
(2)no more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如： A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马都不是鱼。
(3)no less...than表示“和……一样；不逊于”。例如：
The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。5．比较级表达最高级含义
(1)“否定词＋比较级”有最高级的含义。
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before。你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.4A．half as good as C．as good as half
B．as half good as D．good as half as 解析：选A 句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。
【变式探究】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.A．as three times big as B．three times as big as C．as big as three times D．as big three times as 解析：选B 英语中常见的表达倍数的句型有：①...times＋as ＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...;②...times＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than...;③...times＋the length/width/...＋of...。故B项符合。
考点四 形容词作状语
例4． ________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic
1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63)The title will be ________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.1．officially 句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________(great)and less importance.2．greater 句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．
3．regularly 句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.4．gradually 句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。
5．(2016·四川，62)Chinese scientists ________(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.5．recently 句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。
6．(2016·四川，63)She was a very ________(care)mother.6．caring/careful 句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。
7．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's ________(rely)．
7．reliable 句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。
8．(2016·浙江，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________(many)in the coming years.8．more 句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。
1.(2015·江苏，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and(comprehension)review of the case.解析 句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的，广泛的。
答案 comprehensive 2.(2015·浙江，14)Listening is thus an active, not a(passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.解析 句意：为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词，considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。
答案 considerate 9.(2015·浙江，13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was(former)alive.解析 句意：如果我们知道一点食物来源的话，我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。此处作时间状语，故要用副词形式。formerly以前，从前。
答案 formerly
10.(2015·湖北，29)The girl used to be shy, but is(gradual)getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.解析 句意：女孩一度很害羞，但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动，变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地，逐步地。
答案 gradually 11.(2015·安徽，31)They gave money to the old people's home either(personal)or through their companies.解析 句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是从个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。
答案 personally 1.（2014浙江卷）4.Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.A.strict B.sympathetic C.stubborn D.sensitive 【答案】C
2.（2014浙江卷）13.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______.A.blindly B.unwillingly C.closely D.101112-
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