第一篇：英语句型结构和从句讲解
首先还是讲一下句子结构吧,了解了这个对分析长难句很有帮助,以前高考前老师也是这么教我们的,还有熟悉了这个你写作文会比较好用从句,检查的时候也比较容易发现错误 英语句子结构其实跟中文的有点像,主要有主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语
一个最简单的句子至少有主语 谓语这两部分 例如 I believe.(I是主语 believe是谓语)还有主系表（主语+系动词+表语，系动词是特殊的谓语啦，就是be的各种形态 am are is was were那些再加上感官动词 smells looks sounds这类的）
例如It sounds good.这类的 还有 It is nice.这里的nice 跟 good 都是表语 表语都是跟在系动词后面的 不过我个人认为表语这个理解了就行 没有多大用处 纯粹是科普下 百度了一下五个基本句型: Ⅰ.主语+动词(SV)
Everybody laughed.大家都笑了。
Ⅱ.主语+动词+补语(SVC)
His eyes are blue.他的眼睛是蓝色的。
Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语(SVO)
I love apples.我喜欢苹果。
Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVOO)
I gave him my address.我告诉他我的地址。
Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)
I found the box empty.我发现盒子是空的。
然后句子复杂点的话 就多了定、状、补（不一定三个都有的，可以根据情况加一个两个或者三个都加）
定语通常都是修饰名词的,所以主要是形容词,但也不一定,还可以是名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等
例如: She is a student in No.7 Middle School.黄底部分就是定语,修饰 student 状语,顾名思义就是表示一个状态, 说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,一般是由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语
例如: She speaks English very well.very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。
She left ten minutes ago.Ten minutes ago就是时间状语
补语主要是宾语补足语 就是常说的宾补 这个全靠个人领会,我不会解释 例如She helps me to learn English.She made me angry.所谓的从句就是在这部分上用一个句子来表达的,我是这么理解的,对不对我就不知道了 下面那些主要百度,部分手打补充
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.3)what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.(黄底那部分就是从句的部分,就是把主语那部分用一个句子表示)
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.(其实我觉得这个原理跟主语从句差不多,就是一个是主语用句子来说一个是宾语用句子来表达)
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if(though/although)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.The fact that the earth is round is true.(that the earth is round解释说明the fact)
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom, whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.(两个都是修饰those)
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all ,anything ,everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first ,last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things(whichthat)we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which)there are no words;the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which)he was so angry that day.*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull, which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
“介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above, no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as, hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner...than, each(every)time, the moment, immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever.Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now(that), seeing that, considering that ,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that, such...that, so that, that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等，从句常使用may, might, can, could, would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if, unless, as(so)long as, on condition that, in case, provided(providing)that, supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what(when, how...),whatever(whenever, wherever, however....)等。though, even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say, I would not change my mind.Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)(这个是倒装句,如果展开说又是长篇大论,你要学再慢慢说哈,不过写作文用个倒装句一下子又升level了 倒装句还有虚拟语气好加分的)Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as, just as, as if, as though等。as if, as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
第二篇：英语句型结构
英语句型大全手册－详尽版 1.疑问句型 what is this? 结构︰问句：what＋be 动词＋this（that„）？
答句：this（that„）＋be 动词＋a book（pen„）。
说明︰此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔„）”。what（什么）叫做“疑问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接 be <动词>，再接<主词>，第一个字母 w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。
what is this? this is a chair.这是什么？这是一张椅子。what’s this? it’s a book.这是什么？它是一本书。
what is that? that is a desk.那是什么？那是一张书桌。what are these? 结构︰问句：what are＋these／those„？
答句：these／those are＋复数名词（＋s／es）。
说明︰<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致，is 后面接单数<名词>，are 后面要接复数<名词>。what are these? these are books.这些是什么？这些是书。what are those? those are cups.那些是什么？那些是茶杯。what are they? they are glasses.它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。what are you? 结构︰问句：what＋be 动词＋主词（人）„？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋a student„。
说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生„”。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外，还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形态，如：i am，we are，you are，he is„。what are you? i am a student.你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。
what is she? she is a teacher.她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。are you a...? 结构︰问句：be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词＋„？
肯定简答：yes，主词＋am（are，is）。
否定简答：no，主词＋am（are，is）not。
说明︰在否定<简答句>中，<主词>和 am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定<简答句>中则不可。is he a student? yes, he is.(no, he isn’t.)他是学生吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）are you a teacher? yes, i am.(no, i’m not.)你是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）is that a clock? yes, it is.(no, it isn’t.)那是钟表吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）what is your name? 结构︰问句：what＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。
说明︰“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必接<名词>，即“<所有格>＋<名词>”；<所有格>不可与 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 紧接一起使用。
what is your name? my name is sue.妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。what is his name? his name is john.他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。what is her name? her name is jean.她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。who is that...? 结构︰问句：who＋be 动词＋that＋形容词＋名词？
答句：that is＋名字。
说明︰who 是<疑问代名词>，询问人的“姓名”或“关系”；将<形容词>直接放在<名词>前面，叫做“前位修饰”。who is that short boy? that is bill.那位矮男孩是谁？那位是比尔。
who is that tall girl? that is mary.那位高女孩是谁？那位是玛丽。who is that fat man? he is my uncle.那位胖男子是谁？那位是我叔叔。where is...? 结构︰问句：where＋be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词„？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋in the＋名词„。
说明︰问句是“where...?”，简答时可用<副词词组>“in／on the＋<名词>”。where is sue? she is in her room.苏在那里？她在她的房间里。where are your books? on the desk.你的书在那里？在书桌上。
where is your mother? she is in the kitchen.你妈吗在哪里？她在厨房里。are you v-ing...? 结构︰am（are，is）＋主词＋现在分词„？
说明︰此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）正在„吗？”。这一<句型>转换的三要素是：be <动词>移到句首；改为大写；句尾用问号。is mary sleeping?玛丽正在睡觉吗？ are you reading a book?你正在看书吗？ is the dog playing?小狗正在玩耍吗？ what are you doing? 结构︰问句：what＋am（are，is）＋主词＋现在分词？
答句：主词＋am（are，is）＋现在分词„。
说明︰“<主词>（人）正在做什么？<主词>（人）正在„”。注意：<祈使句>的动词只能用原形，不可造<现在进行式>；表示“瞬间产生”的动作的<动词词组>，如 sit down，stand up，不可造<现在进行式>。what am i doing? you are reading a book.我正在做什么？ 你正在阅读一本书。
what are the girls doing? they are singing.姑娘们正在做什么？ 她们在唱歌。what is bill writing? he is writing a letter.比尔在写什么？ 他在写一封信。how old are you? 结构︰问句：how old＋be 动词＋主词（某人）？
答句：主词（某人）＋be 动词＋year(s)old。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几岁？某人是„岁”。该句型中，<疑问词>要用 how，不可用 what；且 be <动词>（am，is，are）要和后面的<主词>(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s)old”可以省略。
how old are you? i am twelve(years old).你几岁？我十二岁。
how old is your sister? she is thirteen years old.你的姊妹几岁？她十三岁。how old is john? he is one year old.约翰几岁？他一岁。what time is it? 结构︰问句：what time is it？
答句：it is＋数字＋o’clock。
说明︰此句型意为“现在是几点钟？现在是„点钟”。问句中 what 当<形容词>，修饰后面的<名词> time；time 当时间解时，只能用单数，不可用复数。what time is it? it is ten o’clock.现在是几点钟？现在是十点钟。what time is it? it is six o’clock.现在是几点钟？现在是六点钟。what time is it? it is nine o’clock.现在是几点钟？现在是九点钟。do you + v...? 结构︰问句：do／does＋主词＋原形动词„？
肯定简答：yes，主词＋do／does。
否定简答：no，主词＋don’t／doesn’t。
说明︰肯定句中，如有一般<动词>（speak，work，teach„），则在句首加<助动词> do 或 does，并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>（不加s或es），即构成<疑问句>。
do you speak english? yes, i do.(no, i don’t.)你讲英语吗？是的，我讲英语。（不，我不讲英语。）
does she have a cat? yes, she does.(no, she doesn’t.)她有一只猫吗？是的，她有一只猫。（不，她没有一只猫。）do they work in office? yes, they do.(no, they don’t.)他们在办公室里工作吗？是的，他们在办公室里工作。（不，他们不在办公室里工作。）what time do you + v...? 结构︰问句：what time＋do／does＋主词＋原形动词„？
答句：主词（某人）＋一般动词„＋时间。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几点做某事？”<助动词> do 或 does 的选择依<主词>而定，若<主词>为第三人称单数，用 does；其它用 do。
what time do you get up? i usually get up at six.你几点起床？我通常六点起床。what time does he go to bed? he usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。what time does your class begin? it begins at eight-ten.你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。what day is today? 结构︰问句：what day is today？
答句：it’s＋sunday／monday／„。
说明︰此句型意为“今天是星期几？今天是星期日／星期一／„。”it 可用于指“星期的名称”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是<专有名词>，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加<冠词>。
what day is today? it’s sunday.今天是星期几？今天是星期日。what day is today? it’s wednesday.今天是星期几？今天是星期三。what day is today? it’s saturday.今天是星期几？今天是星期六。how many n are there...结构︰问句：how many＋复数名词＋are there in／on＋名词？
答句：there is／are＋单数（复数）名词＋in／on＋名词。
说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少„？在某处有„。”该句型中，many 修饰复数<名词>；又因本句型是 <疑问句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。how many seasons are there in a year? there are four seasons in a year.一年有几个季节？ 一年有四季。
how many days are there in a week? there are seven days in a week.一星期有几天？ 一星期有七天。
how many lessons are there in this book? there are twelve lessons in this book.这本书里有几课？ 这本书里有十二课。how many...do you have? 结构︰问句：how many＋复数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has„＋复数名词＋„。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have„＋复数名词„。
说明︰“how many”后面接复数<可数名词>，复数<名词>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。
how many books do you have? i have a lot of books.(i don’t have any books.)你有几本书？ 我有许多书。（我没有书。）how many sweaters do you have? i have three sweaters.(i don’t have any sweaters.)你有几件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）
how many friends does she have? she has a lot of friends.(she doesn’t have many friends.)她有几个朋友？ 她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。）how much...do you have? 结构︰问句：how much＋单数不可数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has„＋单数不可数名词。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have„＋单数不可数名词。
说明︰“how much”后面接单数<不可数名词>，单数<不可数名词>前面可用 much，a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。
how much tea does he have? he has a lot of tea.(he doesn’t have any tea.)他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）
how much homework do they have? they have a lot of homework.(they don’t have much homework.)他们有多少家庭作业？ 他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）how much fruit do they have? they have a lot of fruit.(they don’t have a lot of fruit.)他们有多少水果？ 他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。）how much do(es)...cost? 结构︰how much do（es）＋某物＋cost„？
说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“how much＋ be <动词>＋某物？。
how much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱？ did...v...结构︰did＋主词＋原形动词＋„过去时间？
说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为“did＋原形<动词>”，并将 did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的<疑问句>。
did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗？ did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗？
did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？ did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗？
did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？ did sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？ do you ever + v...? 结构︰问句：do／does＋主词＋ever＋原形动词„？
答句：no，主词＋never＋一般动词（加s或es）„。
说明︰ever 通常用于<疑问句>，never 通常用于否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形 <动词>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。
你曾经使用计算机吗？不，我未曾使用过计算机。
does tom ever get up late? no, tom never gets up late.汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。
does sally ever play the piano? no, sally never plays the piano.萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
never be late for school, bill.比尔，上学绝不可迟到。what year was he born in? 结构︰what date／year＋was／were＋主词＋born＋on／in？
说明︰此句型意为“你出生于几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形动词> bear 的过去<分词>，在文法上当
<形容词>，前面常有 was 或 were；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人＋was／were born„”。what year were you born in? 你出生于那一年？ what date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日？ what month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于几月？ what will you do on...? 结构︰what will／did＋主词＋do＋on＋时间？
说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。
what will you do on teacher’s day? 你在教师节将做什么事？ what will they do on christmas eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？ what will helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事？ what did john do on new year’s day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事？ what did mary do on youth day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事？
what did the suspect do on july ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？ how do you + v...? 结构︰问句：how＋do＋主词＋一般动词„？ 答句：主词＋一般动词„＋情状副词。
说明︰how 是问情况的<疑问副词>，表示“怎样„？”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为 <情状副词>。当用来修饰<不及物动词>时，<情状副词>位于其后；当用来修饰<及物动词>时，<情状动词>位于<及物动词>的前面或后面。
how did you do your work? i did my work happily.你怎样做你的工作？ 我很快乐地做了我的工作。
how did mrs.lin look at mr.lin? she looked at mr.lin coldly.林太太怎样注视林先生？ 她冷漠地注视林先生。
how does mr.wang drive his taxi? he drives his taxi carefully.王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车？ 他小心地驾驶他的出租车。you are..., aren’t you? 结构︰肯定句，＋否定式助动词＋主词？
说明︰这是一种反意<疑问句>，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主词>是<名词>时，附加问句的<主词>要用<代名词>代替：it 代替 this，that，<不定词>(当<主词>)或<动名词>(当<主词>)等；they 代替 these，those，people 等。下列<助动词>的否定缩写式较易弄错：will not－>won’t；would not－> wouldn’t；should not－>shouldn’t；can not－>can’t；could not－>couldn’t； might not－>mightn’t；ought not－>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<动词>现在式，则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般<动词>过去式，则附加问句用 did 代替。they’re ready, aren’t they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？ mike has a car, doesn’t he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？ the secretary typed the letter, didn’t she?是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？
they will go to europe, won’t they?他们将去欧洲，不是吗？ you are the teacher, aren’t you?你就是老师，不是吗？
i suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？ i know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？ the wall plug is broken, isn’t it?墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？ clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？ you can do it, can’t you? 你会做它，不是吗？
we should rise early, shouldn’t we?我们应该早起，不是吗？ he isn’t..., is he? 结构︰否定句，＋肯定式助动词＋主词？
说明︰这是另一种反意<疑问句>。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意<疑问句>的回答篇二：英语常用基本句式和句型结构
英语常用基本句式和句型结构
【要点归纳】
▲英语句式绝大多数以s+v(主语+谓语)结构为核心架构。英语是sv型语言。即以s+v(主语+谓语)结构为主干，以谓语动词为核心。
▲一般来说，一个英语句子若没有谓语动词（实义动词或系动词），这个句子一定是错误的。
▲英语句子的谓语只能由动词来充当，动词在英语句子中如果不充当谓语就必须用非谓语形式（动名词、不定式或分词）。但汉语句子的谓语既可以是动词，也可以是形容词、名词等。
如：the prices are stable and the market is flourishing.to study english is not easy.study english not easy.(×)▲汉语句法的显著特点是“动词连用”，动词不需要形态变化，便可以按时间和动作发生先后顺序和情节发展连续使用几个动词。一个英语句子，除并列谓语的情形外，只能出现一个谓语，否则须用其他手段处理：
★ 变为非谓语形式
★ 连词连接 ﹛并列连词（并列谓语；并列句）
★ 从属连词→引出从句
★ 用名词或介词来表示
▲汉语“动词连用”有两类，一类是由一个主语发出的连续几个动作，叫连动式；一类是由谓语的两个动作，前一个动词的宾语是后一个动词的主语，即两个动词不是由一个主语发出的，称作兼语式。请看：
一）连动式 英语中没有汉语这种连动式，表达先后关系的几个动词，可用and连接或用分词结构。如：
我打开门走进来。
i opened the door and came in.(opening the door, i came in.)二）兼语式
如：“他请我到他家来做客。”“我”是“请”的宾语，又是“到他家来做客”的主语。也就是说“我” 身兼两职。英语句式表达汉语兼语式有以下几种方式：
1)将兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语，常用不定式，有时用不带to的不定式，或分词，副词，形容词，名词，介词结构等。对于第一个动词，汉语中常用的动词有“使”、“叫”、“请求”、“让”、“迫使”、“导致”、“要求”、“命令”、“促进”、“鼓励”等，在英语中均有对应的动词（make, ask, beg, have, force, cause, demand, order, help, encourage等）。如：
he invited me to dinner in his house.▲在sv总句式基础上，根据谓语动词的类型不同，可总结出下五大句型：[s1] ⑴ 主语+系动词+表语she seems kind.a.the soup is delicious.(形容词作表语)b.helen became an electrical engineer.(名词作表语)c.he is in good health.(介词短语作表语)d.the story is interesting.(现在分词作表语)⑵ 主语+不及物动词 he changed a lot.a.the moon shines brightly.(一般现在时)b.the car won’t go.(一般将来时)c.the child behaved badly at the party.(主语+不及物动词+程度状语+地点状语)d.production declined 6% last month.(一般过去式)e.they will fly to london.(主语+不及物动词+地点状语)⑶ 主语+及物动词+宾语 we love our country.a.we visited our friends.(名词作宾语)b.i am considering going abroad.(动名词作宾语)c.he can not afford to take a taxi.(动词不定式作宾语)d.he caught her by the arm.(动词+宾语+介词短语作方式状语)⑷ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）
或 主语+及物动词+直接宾语（物）+to +间接宾语（人）+for+间接宾语（人）
he gave me a present.(he gave a present to me.)a.he often tells the children interesting stories.b.he assigned jack the toughest job.c.i paid the repairman 50 dollars.d.he sent some flowers to his girlfriend.e.my mother made a new dress for my sister.f.ill tell you what ive been thinking.(宾语从句)g.i assure you that this medicine will help you.(宾语从句)h.youve got to promise me that you wont do that again.(主及宾结构+不定连接+主及宾宾)⑸ [/url]主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 i found the book interesting.[s2] a.his writing has made him a well-known public figure.(名词作宾补)b.they found the book easy.(形容词作宾补)c.i can see two ships in the harbor.(介词短语作宾补)d.he kept me waiting too long.(现在分词作宾补)e.i have my hair cut every month.(过去分词作宾补)f.they wanted him to study abroad.(动词不定式作宾补)g.will you tell me how to do it? h.we advised her which course to take.[s1] 五种基本句型歌 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； 系词后面接表语； vi独身无牵连； vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语； [s2] 1.jim finds his job a challenge.［宾补为n.］ 2.i found the movie interesting.［宾补为adj.］ 3.why did you leave the light on?［宾补为adv.］ 4.we found her in tears.［宾补为介词短语］
5.they encouraged her to try again.［宾补为不定式］ 6.my mother told me not to worry.［宾补为不定式］
7.we heard someone knocking on the door.［宾补为v-ing］ 8.do you smell something burning?［宾补为v-ing］
10.you should make yourself understood.［宾补为v-ed］篇三：英语句型大全 1.s(主）+ vi（不及物动词）（谓）time flies.1)s + v + adverbial(状语）birds sing beautifully.2)s + vi+ prep phrase（介词短语）he went on holiday.3)s + vi+ infinitive(不定式）we stopped to have a rest.4)s + vi+ participle(分词）ill go swimming.2.s(主）+ vt（及物动词）（谓）+ o（宾）we like english.1)s + vt + n/pron i like music.i like her.i want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3)s + vt + wh-word + infinitive i dont know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4)s + vt + gerund i enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5)s + vt + that-clause i dont think(that)he is right.3.s(主）+ v（谓）（lv)(系动词）+ p（表）we are chinese.1)s + lv + n/pron(名词/代词）he is a boy.this is mine.2)s + lv + adj（形容词）she is beautiful.3)s + lv + adv(副词）class is over.4)s + lv + prep phrase he is in good health.5)s + lv + participle(分词）he is excited.the film is interesting.4.s(主）+ vt（谓）+ in o（间接 宾）i give you help.1)s + vt + n/pron + n（直接 宾）+ d o i sent him a book.i bought may a book.2)s + vt + n/pron + to/for-phrase he sent a book to me.he bought a coat for me.间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。5.s(主）+ vt（谓）+ o（宾）+ o c（宾补）i make you clear.1)s + vt + n/pron + n we named our baby tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2)s + vt + n/pron + adj he painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3)s + vt + n/pron + prep phrase she always keeps everything in good order.4)s + vt + n/pron + infinitive i wish you to stay.i made him work 5)s + vt + n/pron + participle(分词）i heard my name called.i feel something moving.常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
第三篇：英语定语从句讲解+习题
高中定语从句讲解
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had）
2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．Who
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman）
B．Whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）
Mr.Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr.Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）
C．Whose
人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往高中定语从句讲解
往是从属关系。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）
D．Which
1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
The children like cookies(which)my wife makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）
Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）
3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．That
指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。
He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）
The dress(that)Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that作宾语可省略）
Is there anything(that)I can do for you?
有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略）
提示：
在口语中，that有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或 介词+which 结构。
We left the day(that)he arrived.他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that替when）
He doesn't see things the way(that)we see them.他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that代替in which）
Imagine the speed(that)he drives his car!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that代替at which）F．其他关系代词
as 和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。1．As
as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。高中定语从句讲解
① 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）
I've never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较：
在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同的东西，the same that注重同一个。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物）
②
在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背：
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been said before 如前所说
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
2．But
but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于that not, who not或which not。
There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but = who not）
There are very few but are against war.很少人不反对战争。（but = who not）
G．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school(which that)he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。高中定语从句讲解
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2．介词+关系代词的常见结构
①介词+which whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which /whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）
③数词+of+ which /whom
She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。
④代词+of+ which /whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
⑤最高级+of+ which /whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
⑥介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。3．关系代词前介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。
①
根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feel proud of是固定搭配词组）
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配词组）
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)高中定语从句讲解
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Live in the house)
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。注意：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。
The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）
He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the(only)one the very one the right one of +复数名词+关系代词 引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
A．when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when= at which)
We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)B．where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)C．why
指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.高中定语从句讲解
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
注意:
无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。
【误】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）
【误】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词the pace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
A．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行词，who broke the indow是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）
I have a book which teaches English grammar.我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book是先行词，which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people）
B．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。
The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held 高中定语从句讲解
every year.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。
3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。
Mr.Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”(1)关系词不能用 that
(2)关系词不能用 why，只能用 for which(3)有且只有 as 能放整个句首，which 不能
(4)“介词+关系代词 其中的关系代词不能用 as。介词 + which/ whom(5)指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格 whom;不能用 who 替换，也不能省略。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who 1．在非限制定语从句中指人时：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one, anyone, those等指人时：
One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在there/here be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.有个男孩想见你。B． 只用which whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which whom。1．在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2．介词后面。高中定语从句讲解
关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。
He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）
Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。
C．只用that 1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
Everything that they said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.他死了，再也没有什么办法了。
There was little that we could do to help her.我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。
提示: something 后面可用which引导定语从句。
There is something(which/ that)I'd like to tell you.有些事我想告诉你。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student(that)I have ever taught.她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing(that)Emily can be proud of.美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。
4．当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。
6．先行词在定语从句中做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl(that)she used to be.她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。
He is not the man(that)he seems.他这人不貌相。
D．关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when作状语）高中定语从句讲解
I will never forget the days which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which作we spent宾语）
I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where作状语）
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which作主语）E．关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
1．关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys(that which)you were looking for? 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？
The man(who that)I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。
2．以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way(that in which)she walks.我不喜欢她走路的样子。The way(that in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。
I shall never forget the day(when)we first met.我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That's the place(where)he stayed when he was in the country.那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。
F．定语从句与强调句型的区别
1．强调句型中的it是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构不完整，意思也完整。
It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句）
It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。（强调句）
2．在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。
Was it in this palace that the last emperor died（强调句型）
那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗？
Was it this palace where the last emperor died（定语从句）
这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗？
3．有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that或who在句中的作用。
It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（that was set up last year 是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，并可被which替换）
It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。（who came rom our school 是定语从句，who在从句中作主语）高中定语从句讲解
G．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。
It is a fact(that)you can't deny.这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best.她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）
2．在定语从句中，that代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。
The news(that)we heard spread all over the school campus.我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句）
历年高考真题：
1.---Mom, what did your doctor say?
---He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.2006年(四川卷)
A.in where
B.in which
C.the place where
D.where
先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察
了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】
2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.2006年（重庆卷）A.of which
B.by which
C.in which
D.from which 3.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_____this was a memory she especially treasured.2006年（广东卷）
A.as
B.if
C.when
D.where 4.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.2006年（北京卷）
A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填
解析：两处空格后均为定语从句，均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是woman，要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用who；第二个定语从句高中定语从句讲解的先行词是those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用who.所以选C。
5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _____ we gave some bells and glasses.2006年（湖南卷）
A.to which
B.to whom
C.with whom
D.with which 6.She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.2006（陕西卷）
A.after which
B.from which
C.from that
D.after that 有逗号是定语从句，若是句号用after that即为状语从句。如果which在从句中是句子的一部分，充当从句的主语或者宾语，没有which句子就不完整。而that在从句中不是一部分，没有that一样是个完整的句子
7.The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.2006年（天津卷）
A.what
B.that
C.how
D.as 8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.2006年（浙江卷）
A.of that
B.of which
C.that
D.which 9.My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather.2006年（江苏卷）
A.one
B.the one
C.he
D.someone 10.We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.2006年（山东卷）
A.where
B.that
C.when
D.Which 我们仅仅是尝试达到一个能使双方坐下来对话的目标。
point,base,situation,condition等表示事态，情况等的一些词在用于定语从句时后面的连词要用where或in which
11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_____ is always busy at the weekend.2006年（上海春季）
A.that B.where
C.what
D.Which先行词为shopping center 12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs.2007年（全国Ⅰ卷）
A.while
B.there
C.then
D.where 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.2007年（安徽卷）
A.none of them B.both of them
C.none of whom
D.neither of whom 14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.2007年（重庆卷）
A.with which
B.to which
C.of which
D.for which 按题意先行词 the degree 在句中构成 to sth.(达到某种程度)作句中作宾语 应选【B】。
1． 先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察
了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】 高中定语从句讲解
2． 按题意先行词 the direction 用在 come(from)后构成(from)the direction 在句中作方式状语,应填 from which。【D】
3． 先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句,应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】
4． 先行词 Women 在句中作主语,应选【C】
5． 按题意先行词 them 在句中作 give sth.to sb.结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。
6． 按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中又构成了(after)sth作介词的宾语,应选【A】。
7． 【解析】按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中作 remember 的宾语,应选【D】。
8． 【解析】按题意先行词 three books 在句中与 the first(of …)一起作 enjoyed 的宾语,应选【B】。
9． 【解析】按题关系代词为 who 已给出,在句中作主语。本题是考察根据从句找出先行词。根据题意关系代词指人，常用 the one 代替，故选【B】 10． 【解析】先行词 a point 在句中作地点状语，应选【A】。
11． 【解析】先行词 the shopping centre 在句中作主语,且该句为非限制性定语从句，故D
12． 【解析】先行词 a day care center 在句中作地点状语，应选【D】。13． 【解析】按题意先行词 only two people 在句中作主语,应选【D】。
14． 【解析】按题意先行词 the degree 在句中构成 to sth.(达到某种程度)作句中作宾语 应选【B】。
第四篇：定语从句讲解和练习
定 语 从 句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词, 用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个主句，所以也称之为形容词性从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词除起连接作用外还在句中担当一定的句子成分.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。根据关系词在从句中充当成分的不同,关系词可分为
关系代词: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 关系副词: when, where, why。
Who 指人, 在从句中作主语
e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在从句中作动词或介词的宾语 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替换。常用于非限制性定于从句。Which 指物, 在从句中作主语,宾语，Which 在作宾语时可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有时候，定语从句指的不是它前面的名词，而是整个句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正确使用关系代词, a.关系代词前要有名词(代词)b.关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要充当主语,宾语 c.否则,关系代词前要接介词, 该介词可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名词, whom是宾格, 在从句中作宾语。Enjoy 後的动名词working是由不及物 动词转化Whom 不能直接作宾语, 所以要加介词。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介词后作宾语时不能省略.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，常用逗号把主句和从句分开。从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。
e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.专有名词, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 独一性名词, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定语从句修饰时, 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定语从句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制或分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。
普通名词不具有特殊性,定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语,省
去了则主句的意思就会不完整.从句前不可加逗号.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作关系代词的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在从句中作主语, 宾语, 表语。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表语表身份时只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于从句中，用that替换其他关系代词who, whom, which 应注意: 1.其前不可置介词
2.其前不可有逗点(不可用于非限定性定语从句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引导的定语从句
1.先行词为不定代词：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行词被形容词最高级, 序数词, 修饰时
e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行词被不定代词all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行词为数词时
e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行词既有人又有物
e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有两个定语从句, 应避免重复
e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.当句中已有who/ which时,定语从句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名词和不定代词(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 连用
e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.这种结构也可以和表数量（quantity）和最高级（the superlatives）连用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在从句中作主语时，有以下两种结构
e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)
定语从句和不定式
介词 + 关系代词 可以和不定式连用
e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.没有介词，不能用这种结构 I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介词，这种结构也非常正式和不常见的，我们常用更简单的结构。(„a garden to play in;„neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有时用抽象名词(case, point, reason, situation, time等)来总结主句的内容时，which 可以用作限定词，构成‘介词+which+抽象名词’ 构成定语从句。可以和名词连用的这种结构很正式，常用在介词之后，对所提的事进行不从说明。
e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 为关系代词所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格变化而成.在引导的定语从句中作定语,可指人/物
e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose时要遵守下列原则
1.whose之前要有名词
2.whose之后的名词在从句中要做主语,宾语 3.否则, whose 之前要有介词,介词可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替换
e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所属关系外，还可用来表示整体和部分的关系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 关系代词 that 指代其前面的名词，重复其语义.what 不是重复前面名词，而是包括名词的语义what = the things that„
e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 关系代词,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(宾)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引导定语从句/such...that结果状语从句
e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 两物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引导非限定性定语从句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思（通常不能指代某个名词或代词），可以放在主句前、后或中间，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主语
e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B宾语 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表语 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引导非限定性定语从句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引导非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首时不能用which 替换。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与 see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；which引导非限定性定语从句与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以„„”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定语从句中，谓语动词是连系动词时，可以用as/which作主语。如果从句谓语动词 是行为动词，则必须用which。
e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法
But本身具有否定意义，相当于who/which/that...not But的先行词往往是否定意义的代词或名词词组，用双重否定表强烈肯定 But的这一用法常见于在从句中作主语
There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)
Than 的用法
用作关系代词时，可在从句中作主语，其后直接接谓语。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行词被比较级修饰,用关系代词than连接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.没有明确的先行词，有时把than看作连词，其后省略了it。但实际使用中，than后从来不补上it，因为than本身在从句中可用作主语。
定 语 从 句 练习
用适当的词填空
1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.单句改错
1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.单项填空
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who
参考答案及解析
1.ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD
第五篇：19种英语常用句型结构
19种英语常用句型结构
初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和基本语法后，在英语说和写方面还是很难表达自己，其中一个原因是没有掌握一些英语句型，只有掌握了一些句型才能比较正确、完整地表达自己。下面是一些常用的句型及其例句。
1.否定句型
1)一般否定句
I don't know this.No news is good news.There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.I am sorry for not coming on time.I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定
I don't know all of them.I can't see everybody/everything.All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都对。）
All is not gold that glitters.（闪光的不一定都是金子。）Both of them are not right.（并非两人都对。）
4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke.I can see nothing/nobody.Nothing can be so simple as this.Neither of them is right.5)延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.You don't know, I don't know either.He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.6)半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.I know little English.I saw few people.7)双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.What's done cannot be undone.There is no sweet without sweat.No gain without pains.I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.No man is so old but(that)he can learn.8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.He did nothing but play.But for your help, I couldn't do it.9)加强否定
I won't do it at all.I can't see it any more.He is no longer a boy.2.判断句型
1)一般判断句
It is important for us to learn English.It is kind of you to help me.Sincere means honest.The boy is called/named Tom.We regarded/considered it as an honor.2)强调判断
It is English that we should learn.It is he who helped me a lot.3)弱式判断
Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.He is probably ill.He is likely ill.It is possible that he is late
4)正反判断
That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.5)互斥判断
He or you are wrong.Either he is right or I am.6)注释判断
He is a walking dictionary, that is(to say), he can remember many English words.7)比较判断
It is more a picture than a poem.Incomplete knowledge of style is worse than useless.3.祝愿祈使句式
1)一般句式
Study hard and keep fit.Be brave!Don't be shy!
Get out of here.2)强语式
Do tell me.Never tell a lie.3)委婉祈使句
Please tell me the true.Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?
Would/Do you mind my smoking?
What/How/ about going there on foot?
4)建议祈使句
Let us go.Let us know the time.Don't let the fire out.Let's not waste the time.You'd better start early.Shall we listen to some music?
Why don't you get something to drink?
I suggest we(should)take the train.Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?
5)祝愿句
Success to you!
Wish you a good journey.Here's to your success!
May you have a happy marriage.Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!
4.感叹句型
How well he speaks!
How kind she is!
What nice weather it is!
What a beautiful day!
Here he comes!
Such is life!
Wonderful!
Help!（救命啊！）
5.疑问句型
1)一般疑问句
Is he a doctor?
Do you the way to the station?
2)反意疑问句
He is a teacher, isn't he?
It is quite cheap, don't you think?
3)特殊疑问句
What is the distance / width/ size / population / temperature / fare?Who is he?
What is he?(他是干什么工作的？）
What is he like?
How/Where is he?
How do you like him?
What do you think of him?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
4)选择疑问句
Is he a doctor or a nurse?
Do you love it or not?
5)间接疑问句
Do you know how old he is?
Tell me if(whether)you like it.What do you think/say/suppose I should do?
6.数词句型
1)表数目
It is exactly ten o'clock.It is five miles away from here.He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.He is under/at most/no more than 20.2)表年月日
He was born on April 22, 1994/in 1994/on the morning of October 1.3)表年龄
He is 20 years old.= He is 20 years of age.He is at the age of 10.4)表倍数
It is four times that of last years.This is four times as big(again)as that one.This is four times bigger than that one.The income is double what it was.The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.5)表计量
It is 10 meters long/wide/high.It costs me 100 yuan./ It is worth 100 yuan.I spent 10 hours to finish it.It took me 10 days to finish it.7.关联指代句型
1)两项关联
I have two books, one is Chinese;the other English.I have five books, one is Chinese;the others English.To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.2)先后顺序
First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your
study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.First stop, then look, finally cross.At first/in the beginning/ he word hard.Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.3)修饰限制
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.（不是同一本书，但书名、内容等相同）
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书）
Don't trust such a man as over praise you.He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.4)两项连接
He can speak not only English but also French.The book is both interesting and instructive.It is neither cold nor hot.Please either come in or go out.The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.5)加和关系
Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.In addition to 'if', there are many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.You seem to like tea, so do I.8.比较句型
1)等比句
He is as tall as I.He is the same height as I.She is no less diligent than he.The lab is no better than a cottage.2)差比句
I speak English worse than he does./ He is not so/as tall as I am.Our knowledge is much inferior to their.3)极比句
He is the tallest of all in the class.None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.Nothing is so easy as this.4)比例句
The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance.5)择比句
He is taller than any other boy in the class.It is better late than never.They would die than live as slaves.He prefers doing to talking.He prefers to do rather than to talk.He prefers mathematics to English.I'd rather stay here.6)对比句
You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.They are working hard while you are wasting your time.9.比喻类句型
We must work like him.He behaves as his father does.He speaks English as if/ as though he was a foreigner.10.条件假设句
1)一般事实
If we succeed, what will the people say?
Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
Persevere and you'll succeed.2)虚拟条件句
If I were you, I would go.If you had seen it, you would have been moved.3)反条件句
Unless you try, you'll never succeed.Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.4)唯一条件句
If only I have another chance, I shall do better.Only in this way can we learn English well.So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.5)推论条件句
Since that is so, there is no more to say.Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.
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