第一篇：高一英语知识点总结(下册)教学知识点归纳总结
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高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结
· 英语小窍门 ·
句型与句子结构(句型层次表)
第一层 第二层 例句
简单句 主 谓 I am coming.主 谓 宾 I like cats.主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book.I bought a book for you.主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.主 谓 表 I am a teacher.He is very tall.并列句 主谓 + 主谓(and, or, but, for)I phoned him but there was no answer.复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true.宾语从句 I know that he is an American.表语从句 This is how he broke the door.同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.定语从句 This is the room where he was born.状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.· 重点词汇解析 ·
1.stomach n.肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构
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成短语有：
have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼
lie on one’s stomach 俯卧
have the stomach for…
对……有兴趣
turn one’s stomach 使……恶心
on an empty/a full stomach
空着肚子/吃饱
2.bar n.(1)条状物；棒
a bar of soap 一条肥皂
a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力
a bar of gold一根金条
(2)酒吧 a coffee bar
(3)固定短语：behind bars 在狱中
3.diet n.(1)正常饮食
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
a diet of potatoes 土豆食品
(2)饮食限制
go on a diet=be on a diet 节食, 节食
No sugar in my coffee;I’m dieting.4.disease n.疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病
diseased adj.有病的 a diseased plant病态的植物
辨析：illness, disease
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illness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。
disease: 指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。
e.g.Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。
He has a rare heart disease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。
5.probably 与 possibly比较
(1)probably 极有可能, 有几分根据的猜测;比possibly所指的可能性大些。
e.g.He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him.He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。
(2)possibly 可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can 或may 连用。
e.g.She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。
6.promise v.&n.允诺；答应
动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that 从句
(1)They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立刻回复。
(2)He promised me to be here at six o’clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o’clock..他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。
(3)I promised you not to say that.我答应你不说那件事。
(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon.今天下午有望转暖。
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(5)He is a promising boy.他是一个有前途的男孩。
名词用法：
make a promise 许下诺言
give a promise 许下诺言
keep a promise 信守诺言
carry out a promise 履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
7.brain n.(1)用作不可数名词，大脑
The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。
(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑
She has a good brain.=She has good brains.她很聪明。
8.advise, suggest用法
(1)advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某事。
advise that…(should)+ 动词原形
I advise you to leave now.我建议你现在就离开。
I advise waiting till the proper time.我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。
We advise that steps(should)be taken at once.我们建议立即采取措施。
(2)suggest建议，其句型为
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
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suggest one’s doing sth.=suggest sb.doing建议某人去做某事
suggest that…(should)+ 动词原形
We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。
9．diet与food的区别：
diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。
food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：
The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。
We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。
The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1.plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。
注意：plenty of前面没有冠词a, 不可误记成a plenty of。
Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone.We have plenty of
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chairs here.in plenty 充足地
There is food in plenty.=There is plenty of food.2．be careful用法归纳
(1)be careful 单独使用，当心
Be careful！The pan is hot!当心！锅很热。
(2)be careful about…对……谨慎
I hope you’ll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。
(3)be careful of…留神……
We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。
(4)be careful with…注意……
You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。
有时be careful表示吝啬。
He’s too careful with his money;he never buys a drink for anyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。
(5)be careful not to do sth.小心不要做……
We want to be careful not to break anything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。
(6)be careful+从句 加以小心
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Be careful what you do.小心你做的一切。
3．keep up with 跟上（防止落后）
keep up with the class 跟上班级（不掉队）
keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展
keep up with the going on 跟上时尚
注意：catch up with（已经落后）赶上
4．Be +adj +to短语
(1)be harmful to…对……有害
be +adj.+to sb./sth.指对某人或某物有……影响或态度如何。
be good to…=be kind to…对……态度好
be friendly to…对……友好
be cruel to…对……凶残
be bad to…对……态度不好
be polite/impolite to…对……有礼貌/无礼貌
be rude to…对……粗鲁
5．cut短语总结：
(1)cut into…把……切成
Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。
(2)cut up 切碎
Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。
(3)cut down 砍倒；削减
If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。
I have decided to cut down my smoking.我决定戒烟。
(4)cut off 切断，停掉
Our water supply has been cut off again.我们的供水再次中断。
6．Short短语
(1)be short of 缺少
I’m short of money this week, can you lend me some？这星期我缺钱，你能借我一点?
(2)run short 几乎用光
We’ve run short of oil.我们已经用光油了。
The supply of oil is running short.供应的油快要用光了。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1．It was a bit green.它还有点生。
1)句中的green意为“没有成熟的”，是ripe的反义词。例如：
We don￠t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to
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pick.2)a bit作程度副词，与a little同义。例如：
I￠m a bit/ a little tired./ Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?
3)但是，not a bit＝ not at all,而not a little＝very/ much.例如：
I￠m not a bit tired.我一点不累 I￠m not a little tired.我很累。
2．While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。
1)burn up意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：
He burned up all the old letters.他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。
The house burned up before they got there.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。
2)up与一些动词构成短语时，有“完结”、“终结”的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光，tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up锁好。
3.Eating habits become part of who we are.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。
who we are 为介词of 的宾语从句。
eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeing is believing.眼见为实part of…
……的一部分
Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。
a part of 指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。
We spent a part of our holiday in France.我们的一部分假期是在法国度
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过的。
4．The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。
1)the Chinese 指（全体）中国人。以－ese结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时，表示整个国家的人。例如：the Japanese(全体)日本人，the Vietnamese(全体)越南人。但指该国单个的人时，则是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.5．They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。
1)in the form of 意为“以……的形式”。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question.他以提问题的形式提出建议。
He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用写信来表达自己的感情。
He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日记的形式写了一本小说。
6．In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left!在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！
1)one person in ten 是“十个中有一个”的意思，也可说成one person out of ten。
例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./
2)by the age of意“……岁之前”“到……岁时”，at the age of 意“在……岁时
She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十岁之前，他就学会弹钢琴。
He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。
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7．Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。
1)score作“二十”解，和数字连用时，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20个蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of则为固定词组，意为“许多”。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席会议。
I have been there scores of times.我到那儿去过多次了。
2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为“头几个”、“头一批”。例如：
For the first few weeks, they didn￠t talk to each other.头几个星期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批发现美洲的人之一。
· 语法精讲 ·
情态动词had better, should及 ought to的用法
(1)had better 最好
①加动词原形
You’d better get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。
I’d better not disturb him.我最好不打扰他了。
②后接be doing sth.表示最好立即做某事
I think I’d better be going.我想我最好立刻走。
③祈使句中had省略
Better not wait for them.最好不等他们。
④反义疑问句用had
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You’d better put away your socks, hadn’t you? 你最好把你袜子收拾好，难道不行吗？
You had better not follow her, had you？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？
(2)should 与ought to 应该
①ought to 的口气比should 稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：
You are his father.You ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。
②ought to 的句式变化
否定句：You ought not =(oughtn’t)to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。
疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试?
③与完成时连用
should/ought to have done sth.本应该做……(而实际没做)
We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth.本不应该做……(而实际做了)
They oughtn’t to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。
· 同步练习·
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1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting.A.hundred
B.hurdreds
C.score
D.scores
2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question.A.with
B.by
C.on
D.in
3．——Your English is very good.——__________
A.Thank you.I￠m glad you think so.B.No, my English is very poor.C.Is that true?
D.Don￠t you think so?
4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding.A.rich for
B.rich in
C.high with
D.high by
5．I hope you￠ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you.A.caused
B.given
C.offered
D.handed
6．——Why don￠t we go and play football? ——___________.A.Yes, I think so
B.I can play football
C.It￠s a good game
D.That￠s a good idea
7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder?
A.about
B.for
C.from
D.with
8．You_____ better________the thing to be done.A.had;not to cause
B.had;not cause
C.hadn￠t;cause
D.hadn￠t;causing
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9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise.A.take
B.takes
C.will take
D.to take
10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets?
A.from
B.in
C.among
D.between
11．She was too excited to fall______last night.A.sleep
B.asleep
C.sleepy
D.sleeping
12．——I￠m not feeling well.——I￠m not_____.I advise you_______.A.surprising;to lose weight
B.surprised;will lose weight
C.surprised;to lose weight
D.surprising;losing weight
13．In winter we see water fall______of snow.A.instead
B.in the form
C.in front
D.in drops
14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident.A.a bit
B.a little
C.any
D.very
15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding.A.that;why
B.why;that
C.why;because
D.which;as
参考答案
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.A
6.D
7.D
8.B
9.A
10.B
11.B
12.C
13.B
14.A
15.B
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· 课外阅读 ·
The Wolf and the Lamb
WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him.He thus addressed him:“Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me.” “Indeed,” bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, “I was not then born.” Then said the Wolf , “You feed in my pasture.” “No, good sir,” replied the Lamb, “I have not yet tasted grass.” Again said the Wolf, “You drink of my well.” “No,” exclaimed the Lamb, “I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me.” Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, “Well!I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations.”
The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.狼与小羊
一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被 你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放
过 你。”
这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。
The Bat and the Weasels
A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life.The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds.The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free.Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him.The Weasel said that he had a special hostility
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to mice.The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped.It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.蝙蝠与黄鼠狼
蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨 鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。
这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。
Unit14 Festivals
· 英语小窍门 ·
十二条经典英语谚语
1.Pain past is pleasure.(过去的痛苦就是快乐。)
2.Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中有知识，胜过手有金钱。)
3.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.(心之所愿，无所不成。)
4.All things are difficult before they are easy.(凡事必先难后易。)
5.Great hopes make great man.(伟大的理想造就伟大的人。)
6.God helps those who help themselves.(天助自助者。)
7.Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more.(四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！)[比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！]
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8.In doing we learn.(实践长才干。)
9.East or west, home is best.(东好西好，还是家里最好。)
10.Two heads are better than one.(三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。)
11.Good company on the road is the shortest cut.(行路有良伴就是捷径。)
12.Constant dropping wears the stone.(滴水穿石)
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1.hono(u)r vt.(1)尊敬
e.g.Children should honour their father and mother.孩子应该尊敬父母。
(2)对……表示敬意
e.g.Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他
(3)使感到荣幸
e.g.You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。
I am honoured to be asked to speak here.被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。
honour n.(1)荣誉，光荣(不可数名词)
e.g.They fight for the honour of their country.他们为祖国的荣誉而
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战。
(2)(高尚)人格，信誉(不可数名词)
A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。
(3)尊敬，敬重(不可数)
e.g.One must show honour to one’s parents.一个人必须尊敬父母。
(4)使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸(可数，多作单数)
e.g.It’s an honour to meet you.见到你十分荣幸。
比较：in honour of 为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动)
e.g.It is only a dance in honour of her birthday.这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。
A memorial meeting was held in his honour.为了纪念他而举行纪念会。
have the honour(of)有幸……, 荣幸地
e.g.May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？
2.determine vt.(1)决定
e.g.His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。
Can we now determine the date for our party? 我们现在能决定派对的
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
日期吗？
(2)决心，决意，决定(作某事)，(用过去分词)决心，下定决心
determine+不定式to do
e.g.She determined to go that very afternoon.她决心就在那个下午走。
determine+从句
He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。
determined 过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决
e.g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。
determination n.(1)决心(不可数)
e.g.He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。
(2)决定(不可数，间或加不定冠词)
e.g.The boy came to a determination to run away from school.男孩决定逃学。
self-determination n.自主，自我决定
3.purpose n.目的，意图，目标
e.g.What is your purpose in doing this? 你做这件事的目的是什么？
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
比较：for…purpose为了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意
e.g.If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。
I’ve come on purpose to speak to you.我来是特意要与你谈谈。
She did it on purpose.她是故意那样做。
4.reminder n.提醒的人(物)，暗示
e.g.Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电话。
remind v.使……想起，提醒
(1)+ of短语 e.g.That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。
(2)+ sb.to do e.g.Please remind me to write that letter.请提醒我写信。
(3)+从句 e.g.The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。
5.compare v.(1)compare … with…比较，指同类事物的具体比较
e.g.Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Parents like to compare their own children with other children.父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。
(2)compare … to … 比作，指非同类事物的抽象比较
e.g.Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
People often compare girls to flowers.人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。
(3)compared to/ with…与……比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。
It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。
6.表示穿着的动词
(1)put on 表示穿上的动作
e.g.He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。
(2)wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。
e.g.He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人。
(3)dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即dress sb./ oneself(in sth.)或be dressed in sth.e.g.She dressed the baby in red.她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。
(4)have on表示穿着状态，无进行时。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
e.g.She had a red dress on.她穿了一件红裙子。
(5)be in sth.表示状态
e.g.He’s in plain clothes.他身着便装。
What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服？
7.light的用法
(1)adj.明亮的(=bright)，浅色的(=pale)
e.g.His room is light and airy.他的房间又亮又通风。
It gets light at about six o’clock.六点左右天亮。
She has a light green dress.她有一条淡绿色的裙子。
(2)n.①光线，亮光(不可数)，但如表示一种光线时，尤其是被形容词修饰时，前可加不定冠词。e.g.The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱的蓝光。
②灯，灯光，发光物，引火物(可数)
e.g.There were no lights on in any office room.没有一个办公室里有灯光。
(3)v.(light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted)
①点燃(生炉子)e.g.When it was dark we lit the candles.天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。
②照亮e.g.Our streets are lit by electricity.街道被灯光照亮。
③(使)变得亮起来，开朗起来
e.g.Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时，她的脸亮了起来。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Suddenly a smile lit(up)her face.突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。
(4)light up动词短语
①照亮，点亮e.g.The burning building lit up the whole street.燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道。
②(使)容光焕发，春风满面(指人的面部表情)
e.g.Her face lit up when she heard the good news.当她听到好消息时，脸上露出喜色。
注意：light的过去分词有两种: lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时，用lighted。
e.g.a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛。.common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general区别
(1)common
①共同的，共有的e.g.English is their common language.英语是他们的共同语言。
②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that.没有比此更普通的。
③常见的，到处可见的e.g.Is this word in common use? 这个字常用吗？
④ in common(with sb.)共同的e.g.We have many things in common.我们有许多共同之处。
(2)common, general, ordinary, usual区别
common侧重“普通”，表示“时时发生，人所共有”，并含有“并不高贵，地位低下”之意，指符合或具有全体共有的特征，其反义词为rare。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
e.g.a common saying 俗语
a common wish 一个共同的愿望
common sense 常识common knowledge 普通知识
This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English.这是个初学英语的人易犯的错误。
general 侧重“普遍”，表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反义词为specific。e.g.general readers 一般读者a general idea 一个普通的观点
ordinary与common基本同义，侧重“外表平凡的，普通的”，表示“随时可以碰到，不值得惊奇”，其反义词为superior。
e.g.an ordinary event一件极平常的事an ordinary person一个普通的人
My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老师是个相貌平常的人。
usual用来指事物，强调习惯性，一贯如此，意为“通常的，惯常的”, 含有“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意，其反义词为unusual。
e.g.as usual和往常一样 It’s a usual thing with him.这对他来说是平常事。
9.believe与believe in
believe相信 = think …true, 后接表示人或事物的名词或代词，也可接what/ that从句
e.g.I believe you.= I believe what you said.我相信你说的话。
I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我简直不敢相信我所听到的/看到的。
比较：believe sb.相信某人所说的话
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
believe in sb.信任某人，指人的品格、作风、为人等方面的情况。
e.g.We usually believe in him, but this doesn’t mean we always believe him.我们通常是信任他的，但这并不意味着我们总是相信他的话。
10.gather与collect区别
gather作“收集”“聚集”讲时用法广泛，可指把人集中起来，也可指把分散的东西或抽象的东西(如信息、力量)聚集起来。
collect作“收集”“采集”讲时，着重于计划性和选择性的含义。
e.g.Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今为止，他已收集了五百张外国邮票。
Gather round, and I’ll tell you a story.大家围过来，我给你们讲个故事。
When the accident happened, a lot of people quickly gathered round.事故发生后，很快周围聚集了很多人。
How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins?
你用了多长时间才收集到这些古代硬币？
注意：gather一般不与together连用，因其自身就是bring together / come together之意。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1.give短语总结
(1)give away
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
①分发，送给人e.g.He gave away all his pictures.他把所有的画都送人了。
②泄漏(机密)，暴露(自己的情况)Please don’t give my secret away.请不要泄漏我的秘密。
(2)give back
①还给e.g.I must call at the library to give back this book.我必须去图书馆还书。
②恢复(健康等)e.g.Living here has given me back my health.住在这里我的健康恢复了。
(3)give in
①交上来e.g.Give in your exercise books.请交上练习本。
② give in(to sb.)让步，妥协，投降，认输，向……让步
e.g.The enemy is surrounded and must soon give in.敌人被包围了必须马上投降。
He is always giving in to other people.他总是向别人让步。
(4)give off 散发出e.g.The flowers give off a sweet fragrance.花散发出甜美的香气。
(5)give out
①散发，颁发e.g.The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发试卷。
②宣布e.g.He gave out that he was going to England.他宣布他将去英国。
③被用完，耗尽，没有了
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
e.g.You can’t have a hot bath—the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡，水快没了。
④(机器等)失灵，(人)体力不支.The chair gave out under the fat man.人太胖了，椅子垮了。
⑤发出e.g.The radio is giving out a strange signal.无线电发出奇怪的信号。
(6)give up放弃，不再做(某事)He has given up playing football.他不再踢球了。as well as
(1)意为“除……外”“同”“和”“并”“也”，后接动词时用动名词。
e.g.He gave me money as well as advice.他不但给我建议还给我钱。
Alice has an English-Chinese dictionary as well as a Chinese-English dictionary.爱丽丝不但有一本汉英词典还有一本英汉词典。
The little girl is clever as well as beautiful.这个女孩不但漂亮，而且聪明。
(2)A as well as B部分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与A一致
e.g.The teacher as well as his students was praised.不仅学生而且老师也受到了表扬。
比较：
1)与as well as 用法相同的还有(along/ together)with, including, but/except/ besides, in addition to, rather than, like/ such as …
e.g.It is you rather than I who are to speak at the meeting.是你而不是我将在会上讲话。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Besides him, three more men have been invited.除了他，还有三个人被邀请了。
2)有一些短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由与它靠近的词来决定，这些短语有：or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, There be…
e.g.He or I am to go to the meeting.他或者我去开会。
Either you or she is wrong.不是你就是她错了。
(3)as well as 相当于 not only… but also…, 但表示“不但……而且”时，A as well as B侧重A, 而not only A but also B侧重B
e.g.You as well as I are wrong.= Not only I but also you are wrong.(4)as well as后接从句，是副词的同级比较。
e.g.She sings as well as she plays.她弹得好，唱得也好。
He shoots as well as he rides.他马骑得好，枪打得也好。
(5)as well用在句末时，与also/too相近，as well与too常用于句末。
e.g.She is not only good at maths, she is good as English as well.她不但数学好，英语也好。
Mary’s sister teaches English, too.玛丽的姐姐也教英语。
too除了放在句末外，也可接在主语之后，这时比较正式。
e.g.I, too, know how to work out the maths problem.我也知道怎样解这道数学题。
also不如too/ as well用得多，不用于句末，通常与动词连用。
e.g.I’ve also read some of Shakespeare’s plays.我也读过一些莎士
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
比亚的剧本。
also, as well, too一般不用于否定句，否定句中可用not…either, neither…nor…
I like the novel as well.我也喜欢这部小说I don’t like the novel either.我也不喜欢这部小说。
She is here, too.她也在这里。She isn’t here, either.她也不在这里。
3.care about
(1)
关心
e.g.He used to care only about his own family, but has greatly changed now.他曾经只关心他自己家，但是现在变了很多。
(2)喜欢，对……有兴趣e.g.He cares about music.他对音乐感兴趣。
比较：care for
(1)
照顾，照料The mother cared for the sick child night and day.妈妈日日夜夜照料生病的孩子。
(2)喜欢，对……有兴趣e.g.They do not care very greatly for art.他们对艺术不是很感兴趣。
care v.在乎，在意(多用于否定结构)
(1)+从句e.g.I’ll go.I don’t care what happens.我要走，我不在乎发生什么了。
(2)后不接内容I don’t care, so long as she let me be with her.我不在乎，只要她让我和她在一起。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
(1)注意，当心(不可数)
take care＋从句e.g.Take care(that)you don’t break it.小心别打碎它。
take care of sth.e.g.Take care of what you are doing.注意你在干什么。
with care 作状语，仔细地，认真地，当心 e.g.Cross the road with care.过马路时要当心。
(2)照顾，照管(不可数)
under(one’s/ the)care
e.g.I must leave him under your care.我必须让你来照顾他。
in one’s care
e.g.Mary was left in her sister’s care.玛丽被留下来由姐姐照顾。
to one’s care
e.g.I’ll leave this to your care.我将把这个留给你来照顾。
take care of
e.g.It was I who was taking care of him.是我在照顾他。
(3)忧烦，烦恼(不可数)e.g.Care had made him look ten years older.烦恼使他看起来老十岁。
(4)烦人的事(可数)e.g.He seemed to be a little man without a care.他似乎是一个没有烦事的小人物。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1.The Spring Festival, …and festivals help us understand who we are, remember where we come from, and share our hopes for a happy future.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
春节，……和节日帮助我们了解我们是谁，记住我们从哪里来，并共同分享对美好未来的期望。
share v.(1)共同具有，合用e.g.Three doctors share the office.三个医生共用这个办公室。
(2)分享，分担e.g.They would share the joys and sorrows.他们将同甘苦，共患难。
(3)share in分享，分担，共同努力
e.g.We all shared in his happiness when he won the scholarship.当她获得奖学金时，我们都替他高兴。
(4)share with与……合用
e.g.Would you mind sharing a bedroom with another guest?
你介意和另一位客人共用一个房间吗？
比较： spare
(1)留出(时间作某事)，挤出(时间)
e.g.Can you spare the time to help me? 你能挤出时间帮助我吗？
(2)不用，匀出(给别人用)
e.g.Father couldn’t spare the car, so John had to walk.爸爸要用车，因此约翰只得步行。
(3)放过，饶(命)，不杀
e.g.The king spared the lives of the women and children.国王放过了妇女和儿童。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
save v.(1)挽救，拯救e.g.They fought bravely and saved the country.他们勇敢战斗拯救祖国。
(2)节省，省去，省着用，保护
e.g.If we buy plenty of food now, it will save shopping again this week.如果我们现在买了足够的食物，这周就省了再上街购物了。
Save your eyes by reading in good light.在光线足的地方读书可保护你的眼睛。
(3)节约，存钱，省钱，储蓄
e.g.He’s saving to buy a bicycle.他省钱来买自行车。
(4)留下，保留，保住，留作他用
Save your strength for the hardwork, you’ll have to do later.留着点儿劲，你一会儿还得干活儿呢。
(5)save …for…留供……用
e.g.He is saving himself / his strength for the heavy work.他节省力量来干重活。
2.There seems to be no other choice.似乎别无选择。
seem v.(1)似乎，好像
① +不定式：
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
seem to do表示一般状况。
e.g.I don’t seem to lack anything.我好像不缺什么。
seem to have done表示该动作是在谓语动词发生之前就已经完成。
I seem to have caught a cold.我好像感冒了。
He seemed not to have grasped what she really meant.他好像没有把握她的意思。
seem to be doing表示在过去的某段时间里正在进行的动作，强调该动作在过去持续了一段时间。e.g.She seemed to be sleeping.她好像在睡觉。
seem(to be)+表语(adj.或n.或prep.)
e.g.You seem to be in a great hurry.你似乎很着急。
② It seems(ed)(that)从句可以和“主语+seems/seemed+动词不定式”互相转换，意思不变。注意句型转换：
e.g.It seemed that he had failed the exam.= He seemed to have failed in the exam.他似乎没通过考试。
It seems that nobody knew what had happened.看来没人知道发生了什么事。
It seems(ed)as if从句
e.g.It seems as if there will be an election soon.好像很快就要选举了。
③ There seems(ed)(to be)好像有，似乎有
e.g.There seems to be something/the matter with her.她好像有什么事。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
(2)看来，似乎是(什么样子)link v.(系动词)
① +形容词e.g.He seemed to me quite normal.对于我来说，他很正常。
② +分词e.g.She always seemed well pleased.她好像总是很高兴。
③ +名词e.g.It seems not a bad idea.那个主意好像不错。
④ +介词短语 e.g.You seem in high spirits.你好像情绪很高涨。
3.…or, in other words, the first day of spring.或者，换句话说，春天的第一天。
(1)in other words换句话说
e.g.In other words, we can complete the project on time only in this way.换句话说，只有这样我们才能按时完成工程。
In other words, if you break the rule, you will be punished.换言之，如果你违反了规则，你将受到惩罚。
(2)in a word 总之，简言之
e.g.In a word, I don’t trust him.总之，我不信任他。
(3)in words 用言语
e.g.Though the boy is only two, he can express his meaning clearly in words.尽管这男孩只有两岁，他能清楚地用语言来表达他的意思。
4.It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.34
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
这不是悲伤的一天，而是庆祝生命轮回的时刻。
rather 副词
(1)“相当，颇，甚”
e.g.We all were rather tired after our long walk.走了那么远，我们都相当累了。
I rather expected that we would win.我很希望我们能赢。
(2)比较 fairly, rather, quite, pretty
①表示程度
fairly与rather表示“相当地”时，fairly含有积极肯定的意思，rather含有消极否定的意思。
e.g.The question is fairly difficult.这个问题很难——但适当。
The question is rather difficult.这个问题很难——有点过难，不适当。
fairly是程度最轻的，例如：某人的英语说得fairly well, 言外之意是他只能应付一些日常用语。说某本书fairly good，是说这本书还可以看一看，但没有赞扬之意。
e.g.He’s just written a new book.It’s fairly interesting, but certainly not his best.他刚出了一本新书，这本书还算有意思，但肯定不是他的最佳作品。
He studies fairly hard.他学习还算用功。
quite比fairly程度强一点，如果你认为某本书quite good, 就是在推荐给别人看，虽算不上最佳小说，但还是值得一看。
e.g.They study English quite hard.他们学习英语还保留用功。
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He was quite polite, but he wasn’t ready to help me.他相当有礼貌，但他并不愿意帮助我。
rather程度上比quite又强，相当于more than expected/more than you want。如说某人的外语rather well, 那此人肯定是个内行，就电影而言，rather good是说胜过多数影片。
e.g.She speaks English rather well.她的英语讲得真不错。
pretty表示程度时，和rather差不多，多用于非正式文体。
e.g.Twenty-five is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.二十五岁才学芭蕾舞年龄太大了。
The situation seems pretty hopeless.情形似乎没有太大希望了。
②用法
rather和quite可置于不定冠词前或后
e.g.That is quite / rather a surprising result.那是一个相当惊人的结果。= That is a rather / quite surprising result.rather可与比较级和too +形容词/副词连用，quite只能与better连用。
e.g.This book is rather too difficult for the juniors.这本书对低年级的学生来说太难了。
Today I feel quite better.今天我感到好多了。
This room is rather larger than we want.这个房间比我们需要的大了不少。
quite同没有程度差别的形容词连用时，一般作“完全地”“绝对地”。
e.g.She was quite alone.她非常孤单。It’ s quite impossible.这绝不可能。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
4.Whatever the trick is, if a person is taken in, he or she is called “April Fool”!不管是什么把戏，如果一个人上当了，他或她就被称作“四月傻子”。
(1)whatever
①= no matter what 无论是什么，不管什么，在句中作状语。
e.g.Whatever happens, we will not change our plan.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变计划。
No matter what you want to do, above all, you should obey the law.不管你想干什么，首先，你必须守法。
② = anything that任何事/东西，在句中起名词作用，引导名词性从句。
e.g.You can take whatever you like.= You can take anything that you like.你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西。
(2)take in
①欺骗，哄骗，使上当
e.g.We were completely taken in by his story.我们完全被他的故事骗了。
②理解，领会，明白
e.g.The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.课太难了，学生难以领会。
③接受(房客，客人等)，让……在家居住(食宿)，收留
e.g.The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.农夫让迷路的旅行者在家过夜。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
④包括，涉及e.g.The study of physics takes in many different subjects.物理学涉及许多学科。
(3)take up
①开始学习，开始做(某项工作)
e.g.What is your son taking up in college? 你儿子在大学学习什么？
②从事某项活动，发展某种爱好
e.g.At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.六十岁时他开始学俄语。
③占用，占掉(时间，空间)e.g.The meeting took up the whole morning.会议占了整个上午。
④接受e.g.Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 你想接受他提供的工作吗？
⑤吸起(墨水，灰尘等)e.g.Plants take up water.植物吸水。
· 语法精讲 ·
must用法
1.must表示主观上的“必须”。
e.g.You must do what you want to.你必须做你想做的事。注意对其问句的回答方式：
e.g.—Must I go now? 我必须现在走吗？—Yes, you must.是的，你必须。
—No, you needn’t./ you don’t have to.不，你不必。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
You needn’t do what you don’t want to.你不必做你不愿意的事。
其否定形式mustn’t表示“绝对不可”“不许”，无肯定句和疑问句。
e.g.You mustn’t smoke in this part of the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院的这部分吸烟。
区别：have to表示客观上的“不得不”，其否定式don’t have to相当于needn’t, 表示“不必”。
e.g.We can’t travel through the forest by car, because there aren’t any roads.So we have to travel by air or boat.我们不能坐车穿过森林，因为没有路。所以我们只能乘飞机或乘船。
You don’t have to do what you don’t want to.你不一定非得做你不愿意做的事情。
have got to相当于have to, 多用于美式英语中。
也可以用 haven’t got to或 be not obliged to来代替not have to。
· 同步练习·
1.--____?--I’ve got a bad cough.A.How do you do.B.What do you feel like C.What does it matter D.What’s the matter
2.I’ve got ____work to do on a____cold day.A.much too;much too B.too much;too much C.too much;much too D.much too;too much
3.Swan Lake is a famous ballet in for acts ____ on a German fairy tale.39
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
A.basing B.based C.bases D.to base
4.When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They ____ be ready by12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need
5.I advised you____drink water that isn’t____any more.A.not;boiled B.not to;boiling C.not;boiling D.not to;boiled
6.–What did Mary have____breakfast this morning?
--She was late for school and hurried off____breakfast.A.for;without B.at;without C.for;after D.at;after
7.After I had been in bed for two days, Mother ____ going to see a doctor art once.A.stopped B.agreed C.suggested D.made
8.On National Day, people sing and dance to____ the birth of our country.A.congratulate B.celebrate C.greet D.salute
9.I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I ____ wait until the rain stops.A.must B.should C.ought to D.have to
10.Do you know when the ____ song of the Beijing Olymp9ics will be chosen?
A.subject B.title C.topic D.theme
11.Sometimes I really wonder how I could make friends with a man
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
who has little____with me.A.in ordinary B.in common C.the same D.in similar
12.Don’t let yourself be taken ____ by these politicians.They are always lying.A.up B.over C.away D.in
13.We expected him to do a little research work____ make a lot of experiments.A.as much as B.as long as C.as well as D.as far as
14.____ seems to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the car we need.A.It B.There C.That D.This
15.The boys are always playing ____ Carl.They hide his hat, steal his books, etc.A.a joke in B.a role on C.games with D.tricks on
参考答案
1-5 DCBBD 6-10 ACBDD 11-15 BDCBD
· 课外阅读 ·
英国的酒吧文化
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub.But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
potential gaffes for the uninitiated.An anthropologist and a team of researchers have unveiled some of the arcane rituals of British pubs--starting with the difficulty of getting a drink.Most pubs have no waiters--you have to go to the bar to buy drinks.A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own.This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served.The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and rea1ly quite normal behaviour.“If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' code of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”.The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat.For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks.Nothing irritates the regular customers and bar staff more than a gang of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and dither about what to order.British Pub Culture
访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。但对于初来乍到的异国人来说，这些友善的酒吧却犹如潜藏着有惹事危险的“地雷区”。
一位人类学家和一组研究人员揭示了某些鲜为人知的英国酒吧文化。人们首先遇到的困难是从买酒开始的。大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保，你得到吧台去买酒。一伙意大利年轻人等了三刻钟才明白他们得自己去买。这听上去似乎让人觉得不方便，可却有它深刻的内涵。
在因其冷漠而出名的英国社会里，酒吧文化的形成是为了促进社会交往。排队的时候可以和其他等待买酒的人交谈。在英伦诸岛上，和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所可能就是吧台了?你如果没去过酒吧，那就等于没有到过英国。“这个忠告可在名为《酒吧护照：旅游者酒吧仪俗指南》
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台 的小册子中找到，它对那些想要领略”英国生活和文化核心部分"的人是一种行为准则。问题是如果你不入乡随俗的话，你将一无所获。譬如说，你们若是团体前往，那最好是一个或两个人前去买酒。酒吧常客和酒保最腻味的就是一大伙人一边聊着一边又优柔寡断不知喝什么酒好，把通往吧台的路给堵住。
一.Words(见单词表下同)二.Phrases.1.eating habits/ develop healthy eating habits 饮食习惯/培养健康的饮食习惯 2.give advice /make suggestions/ask for advice / take advice /follow advice;提意见/征求意见/采纳意见 3.junk food /healthy food 垃圾食品/健康食品4.give reasons for sth.给出某事的理由 5.contain a lot of vitmins/protein/calcium/fibre 包含大量的维生素/蛋白质/矿物质/纤维素 6.be careful with 注意某事物7.a bit green/longer有点儿生/时间有点长 8.nothing serious 没什么严重的9.get some rest休息一会儿 10.take this medicine three times a day这些药一天服三次 11.advise sb.to do /not to do sth.建议某人做/不做某事12.in the future将来in future 从今以后13.take/eat snacks 吃零食14.no longer 不再15.traditional diets 传统饮食16.for the 21st-century person 对于21世纪的人来说17.keep up with 跟上18.the high pace of modern life 现代生活的快节奏19.make choices作出选择 20.build our body 构建我们的身体21.be good for对..有好处 22.get from bread/eating vegetables…从面包/吃蔬菜中获得23.help our body fight disease 帮助我们的身体抵抗疾病24.(be)based on 以..为依据25.become part of 成为..的一部分26.become vegetarians/vegans成为素食主义者/严格的素食主义者 27.environmentally friendly food 环保食品28.eco-food 生态食品29.without chemicals不施化学物质30.be harmful to（human beings）对（人类）有害31.offer advice提供建议 32.become smarter/healthier/more beautifu变得更加聪明/健康/漂亮33.spend…in doing sth
/spend …doing sth.花费..做某事34.keep a balanced diet保持平衡饮食 35.in the right amounts用适当的数量 36.lose weight 减肥37.go on unhealthy diets 进行不健康的节食38.eat less fat and sugar and exercise more少吃脂肪和糖份,多锻炼 39.look fine 看上去很健康40.keep fit 保持健康41.make sb.sleepy让..想睡觉 42.keep sb.from feeling cold 使某人不受寒43.now and then时而 44.a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力45.taste great 尝起来味道很好46.keep us going让我们的身体正常运行 47.practise our cooking skills练习我们的厨艺
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三.Patterns 1.I think that the ice cream is junk food because it has a lot of fat and sugar./I think that vegetables are healthy food because they contein lots of vitmins.我认为冰激凌是垃圾食品因为它内含很多的糖份和脂肪/我觉得蔬菜是健康食品因为他们包含大量的维生素.2I’ve got a pain here.This place hurts.我这儿疼 3.There’s something seriously wrong with my back/my knee/ my arm.我的背/膝盖/手臂有很麻烦的问题4.I don’t feel well.我感觉不舒服
5.Lie down and let me examine you 躺下来,让我检查一下
6.Let me have a look.让我看看
7.Where does it hurt? 哪儿疼?
8.Drink plenty of water and get some rest.多喝水,休息一会儿.9.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.选择吃什么不再象以前那样容易.10.Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.我们的饮食习惯已经改变了,正如我们的生活方式发生了改变一样.11.The best way to make sure that we will and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits.(不定式作表语)
12.Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.(Only+时间/条件/方式/地点状语位于句首时,主句部分倒装)
13.Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is clean or peel them.(主语有“do”,表语的不定式要省去“to”)
Unit 14 Festivals
一.Words 二Phrases.1.celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up and watching parades通过乔装打扮和观看游行队伍来庆祝”油腻的礼拜二” 2.go on egg hunts去寻找彩蛋 3.learn about happiness /friendship /peace /nature了解幸福/友谊/和平
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
/大自然 4.hear about 听说5.a seven-day festival一个为期七天的节日 6.get together集聚 7.greet the new year迎接新年 8.think about the past 思考过去9.have a long history and a rich culture 有悠久的历史和丰富的文化10.create a new festival 创造一个新的节日11.celebrate their history and culture/harvest/past/the new year庆祝他们的历史和文化/丰收/过去/新年 12.use..for 用..来做..(use animals for such experiments)13.have many things in common有很多相同的 14.give thanks for their harvests and for life感激丰收感激生活 15.honour/ remember one’s ancestors纪念某人的祖先 16.as well as也,还,和
17.build unity of family / our own lives /our community / factories / our future 让家庭和睦/建设我们自己的生活/建设我们的社区/工厂/未来18.think for 为…考虑19.speak for..为…说话20.do as much as we can我们尽力做…21.believe in our family信任我们的家人 23.the day after Christmas Day 圣诞节过后的一天24.enjoy the spirit of the holidays享受节日的气氛 25.without commercial activities摆脱商业活动 26.light a candle 点燃一根蜡烛27.gather to enjoy a large meal 一起吃一顿团圆饭28.keep our culture alive让我们的文化保持活力29.give away red eggs赠送红鸡蛋 30.play a trick on开某人的玩笑 31.make peace 讲和32.treat sb.to a nice lunch 请..吃午餐
33.look into eyes凝视某人 34.be taken in 上当,受骗
35,the theme of the festival 节日的主题
三．Patterns
1.The festival is celebrated in March or April.2.The festival is celebrated by dressing up and watching parades.(通过乔装打扮和观看游行)
3.No fighting or conflicts are allowed 不允许打架和争斗.4.People must only do things that will make others happy.人们只能做让他人开心的事情.5.No pollution or destruction of nature is allowed不允许污染和破坏大自然.6.People learn and talk about peace/happiness /friendship/nature.人们了解和谈论和平…
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
7.The week following Christmas Day, many Afican—American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.(ing形式作定语)圣诞节过后的一周, 许多非裔美国人聚集在一起迎接新年并思考过去.8.The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.节日是一种庆祝历史和文化,还有新年的一种方式.9.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.我们得尽可能地把我们的社区建设得更好更美丽.10.Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy.宽扎节既是喜庆的时刻,又是学习的机会.11.Each time we celebrate a festival , it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.每次庆祝节日,都会有一点儿变化,这样我们的文化发展才有生机.12.The festivals help us understand who we are,remember where we come from, and share our hopes for a happy future.节日帮助我们了解自己,记住我们的根, 分享对幸福未来的希望.13.Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet…地球日是一个赞颂生命和地球的节日.14.It is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.它提醒我们要关心我们赖以生存的地球,学会尊重生命和大自然.15.The best trick is one that makes everyone laugh, including the “fool”.最高明的手法是能使“愚人”在内的所有人都笑的那一种。
Unit 15 The necklace
一.Words二.Phrases
1.What’s missing=What’s lost?什么不见了?
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
2.solve the mystery 解决这个谜团3.all day整天 4.get dark(天)渐渐暗下来了5.spend the night in the old tower在这座古老的城堡里度过一晚 6.a scary place 一个吓人的地方7.a funny thing一件有趣的事情 8.walk towards her向/朝她走过来 9.know each other very well 相互很熟10.ten years of hard work十年的艰辛劳动 11.one afternoon ten years ago 十年前的一个下午12.be invited to a ball 被邀请去参加一个舞会13.borrow some jewellery借一些珠宝 14.accept the invitation 接受邀请15.after all 毕竟,要知道16.Does that matter?那很要紧吗? 17.will be wearing jewellery 将会佩戴一些珠宝18.marry a man with a lot of money 嫁给了一个有钱人19.call on sb/drop in on sb拜访某人;call at sp/drop in at sp.拜访某地20.bring out all your jewellery 拿出你所有的珠宝21.it was hard to choose很难选择 22.a diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the centre 中间有一颗蓝色宝石的钻石项链23.try it on 试着带上它24.look beautiful on you 穿在你身上很漂亮25.the last moment of happines 最后的幸福时光26.look down 低头看;~on sb.轻视某人27.rush back to sp.迅速跑回某地28.bring back归还 29.be exactly like很象 30.day and night 夜以继日31 pay for sth;偿还 pay off the debts;还清债务32.be worth 100yuan值100元;be worth doing 值得(做)33.there’s no reply 没人回答34.be terribly busy 很忙35.that much=so much那样(多)36.act out a story演出一个故事 37.come up with a good idea 想出一个好主意38.Life is like theatre,and theatre is like life人生如戏,戏如人生.三.Patterns 1.The window is open / closed./ broken.窗户开着/关着/坏了
2.I don’t think I know you(注意否定前移)我想我不认识你.3.I didn’t recognize you(刚才)我没认出你.4.I look older than my age.我看上去比我的实际年龄要大5.That has been my life for the past ten years 那就是我在刚过去的十年的生活.6.It can’t be true.不会是真的 7.After all, this ball is very important.毕竟,这场舞会是非常重要的 8.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行词被the only修饰时,定语从句谓语用单数)我是我们办公室唯一受到邀请的/I can’t be the only woman who isn’t wearing jewellery.我不能成为舞会上唯一不戴珠宝的人.9.Everybody will be wearing jewellery.(将来进行时只强调将来的客观事实)每个人都将戴着珠宝10.You told me I could take anything I liked.你让我选择任意我所喜欢的 11.It cost us 36 thousand francs!它花费了我们三万六千法郎
12.You have some characters playing different roles and acting out a story.你让一些任务扮演角色并且演出一个故事
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
四.Grammar.见语法部分—情态动词的用法
Unit 16 Scientists at work
一.Words二.Phrases
1.the name of the school这个学校的名称2.be careful smelling from bottles从瓶子里面闻(气味)的时候要小心 3.get into your eyes 进入到你的眼睛里4.before leaving the lab 离开实验室的之前5.a high-speed maglev train高速磁悬浮列车 6.in one’s opinion在某人看来 7.It’s a waste of money / energy.(这)是浪费钱/精力8.Flying is just as fast.坐飞机也是一样的快9.make some noise 发出噪声10.make full/good/best/more use of 充分 / 更好地利用11.conduct /do/ make/ perform/carry out a number of experiments 做试验12.wait for bad weather 等待糟糕的天气13.take my condenser to a shed in the fields 我把电容器搬到野外的棚子里14.fly high in the rainy sky在雨空中飞得很高 15.see some of the hairs on the string stand up看到(风筝上的)细毛竖起来了16.get charged 充电;become charged充好电 17.feel a light but clear electric shock感到一阵轻微而明显的电击18.a great deal of electricity大量的电荷 19.store electricity储存电能 20.(will)tear soon很快(会)撕破;tear easily 容易撕破21.in weather with rain and strong winds在有大风大雨的天气里 22.make a small cross of two pieces of light wood用两根轻木料做成十字骨架 23.tie…to把..栓/系在..上面 24.add…to…把…加到…里面/上面;add to…增添…;add up to…加起来是… 25.fasten…to…把…扎紧在…上面26.protect sb.from sth./doing sth.保护某人不受..伤害 27...a thunderstorm appear to be coming on 一场雷阵雨将要来临 28.take care that—clause注意… 29.conduct electricity 导电30.charge + money + for sth/ doing sth.某事/做某事要价(多少)31.charge into the shop冲入商店 32.too deep to cross 太深而不能过去 33.the sharp sense of smell/ hearing/feeling 很敏锐的嗅觉/听觉/感觉34.a sharp pain in one’s stomach 胃部剧痛35.tear down 拆毁36.in tears 眼含泪水37.tie one’s shoes 系鞋子38.be important for the development of new medicines 对开发新药至关重要39.British law says that英国法律规定… 40.be tested on 在…上面进行实验41.animal rights activists 动物权利保护者们42.work with animals /humans 对动物/人起作用43.against diseases 抵抗疾病44.become skilled 提高技术45.There’s no doubt that...毫无疑问…,无疑…
46.fight for animal rights为动物权利而斗争
47.have no right to use/kill animals 没有权利使用/杀害动物
48.get painkillers 服用
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
止痛药
三.Patterns
1.What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?当眼睛里有异物进入时该怎么办?
2.The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.这些钱最好用来在中国其他地区建设更多的公路和铁路.3.It’s good for economy.对经济有好处 It’s important for science.对科学有好处It’s dangerous or bad for your health/ environment.对健康/环境有危险/坏处
4.It can help many people in the future在未来能帮助很多人
5.It’s clean and does not pollute the air.(它)很清洁,不污染空气
6.It brings people more comfort.能让人们更加舒服
7.Some people will use it for other things.有人会用它来做其他的事情
8.Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.(having done(在先),主语+谓语(在后).意识到我可以用一个风筝来吸引雷电,我决定做一个实验.9.The experiment shows/ proves that lightning and electricity are the same.实验表明雷电和电是同一回事.10.There’s a high chance that it also workes with people.很可能对人也起作用.11.There are laws to protect animals.有法律保护动物.Unit 17.Great women
一.Words
二.Phrases
1.the reasons why we admire great women我们欣赏伟大女性的原因 2.be known for 因为..而闻名3.know about/of(间接)了解;know知道,认识 4.inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事5 twice as difficult 两倍难6 be like
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
water and fire象水与火 7.the first to do 第一个做..的人8.What else but a journey..除了一次旅行还能做其他什么事情呢? 9.a 400-mile journey一次400英里的旅行 10.at the opposite of the shop 在商店的对面11.a journey of challenge and danger 充满挑战和冒险的旅行12.be about to 正要13.The wind was icy 风是刺骨的寒14(be)just around the corner 就要来临15.struggle though stormy weather与暴风雪天气拼搏 16.find myself spengding a whole day in my tent 我整天躲在帐篷里17.put my tent up(for shelter)支起帐篷避风 18.threaten to blow me away象要把我卷走 19.die down平息 20.make that day special 使它成为特殊的日子21.over the fire在火上;on fire 着火22.at the top of one’s voice 高声地23.without warming /regret毫无预兆遗憾 24.drop out 掉下,辍学25.fall into a hole掉进洞里26.practise self rescue自救训练27 be thankful for 感激…28 in good health=healthy 29.stand on one’s left leg 左腿站立30.struggle to one’s knees挣扎着爬起来 31.lie down躺下 32.out of the cold wind 避开寒风33.make a decision 做决定t34.value the experience珍视这次经历 35.be optimistic about sth对..很乐观.36.take shelter under a big tree在一棵大树下避风/雨37.keep world peace保持世界和平38.make it possible to do sth.使得做…可能
39.come to terms with 甘于忍受 40.hold no promise 毫无指望
三.Patterns
1.It has often been said that life is difficult as itis人们常常说现实生活已经够艰难的了It’s more difficult for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions 对于女性来说,要成名或获得高职位就更难了
.2.What has become of her? 她怎么样了?
3.She seems to be the kind of woman who…
4.The impression she makes on me is …
5.I think she is the of person who..6.I had travelled only two hours one day when the winds increased to a howling storm.我刚走两个小时,风骤然加大 7.Lying on the ice ,I would soon die.躺在冰上,很快会冻死的 8…hard work and discipline can lead to self-improvement./Hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement.艰苦奋斗和严守纪律是自我完善的途径.50
第二篇：高一英语知识点总结
必修I--unit 1 I---1 Friendship
一、知识点
1.be good to 对„„友好
be good for 对„„有益；be bad to„/be bad for„ I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun.在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多好处。
The Olympics will be good for business.奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几乎等于
a good deal 许多，大量 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快 2.add up 加起来
add up to 合计，总计
add„ to 把„„加到„„ add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？ Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.Good friends do not add up what they do for each other;instead they offer help when it is needed.The figures add up to 270.这些数字加起来是270。You shouldn't add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike.not„until/till 意思是“直到„才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
They did not come back until eleven.他们会在十一点后回来。I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。4.You had to pay to get it repaired get sth done 使„„完成/让某人做某事
5.You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!calm „down使平息, 使平静 calm down平息/平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down.过了很久他才努力使自己冷静下来。
We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。
6.Tell your friend that you are concerned about him.be concerned about关心，挂念 He was very concerned about his children's education.他很关心他儿子的教育。Please don’t be concerned about me.请别为我操心。
Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法？ 7.Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog.go on holiday 度假 be on holiday 正在休假
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了.take care of 爱护，照料 take care 注意，当心
You are not(physically)strong, so you may as well take care of your health.你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
8.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.在遛狗的时候，你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。
当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。
walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 It’s late----let me walk you home.9.take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试? ??? 10.3)Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）cheat in the exam 考试作弊
11.look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷 12.make a list of reasons 列举一些原因
13.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？ 14.go through遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过 It can go through the test of the time.它能经受时间的考验.She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family.He would go through fire and water for his country.他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。15.hide away??躲藏；隐藏
16.I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,„我不愿像大多数人一样在日记中记流水账，„„
Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report.警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
16.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
17.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.??我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
18.I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。
19.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。
She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in French.20.I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.黄昏时我碰巧在楼上，那时窗户是开着的。
sth happen to sb 某人发生某事 What happened to him? sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事? ?正巧 it so happened that。。
It happened that he was seen by his father.= He happened to be seen by his father.他碰巧被他父亲看见了。
As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。
The street lights go on at dusk.街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。
21.It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It is the first(second„etc)that„(从句谓语动词用现在完成时)It was the first(second„etc)that„(从句谓语动词用过去完成时)the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.I have often heard of her.Actually, I've never met her face to face.22.in one’s power 处于„„的控制之中
I have got him in my power.I can ask him to do anything I want.我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
23.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。It’s no good/ use doing sth.做某事时没用的。
24.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.25.suffer from 患„病;受„苦痛;遭受
Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam.世界上大多数大城市都交通堵塞为患。
26.It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.27.I’ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.28.I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly.29.Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.30.have some trouble with sb or sth.在„„上遇到了麻烦 I have some trouble with my studies.31.get along „ with sb/sth.与某人相处怎样/某事进展如何？
If you have some trouble(in)getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。32.This has made me angry.„he made her diary her best friend…
make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: make sb.do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物„We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被„When you speak, you should make yourself understood.(4)make sb.+n.使某人成为„
make it n./adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.We made him leader of our team.(注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)He made it easy for us to understand the text.33.I’m not good at communicating with people.34.Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them.35.I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.36.Mr.Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。
37.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.? ?如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。??（I would be grateful if„??委婉客气提出请求）38.join in discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas
39.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.? ?记日记对你来说是个好习惯。40.Why not have a try? 41.True friends are like wine;the older, the better.42.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.43.A friend in need is a friend indeed.必修I--unit 2 I---II English around the world
一、知识点
1.go to the pictures去看电影（美）；go to the movies 去看电影（英）
2.„list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把英语用作官方语言的国家 3.the road to „通向„„之路
4.at the end of在„„末端，在„„尽头，by the end最后（=finally）5.because of 因为„„（注意和because 的区别）
Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。
An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.争论是不可避免的，因为他们彼此非常厌恶。6.native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人
7.even if(= even thoug)即使，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if/even though,引导的从句中不用将来时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.8.come up 走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，提出
9.Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事实上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。10.be different from„ 与„„不同 be different in „ 在„„不同
Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one night to the next.我多数作品每天晚上的演奏风格都各不相同。
As we know, Britain English is a little different from American English.中所周知，英国英语和美国英语有点不同。
11.be based on 以„„为基础The relationship between our two countries is based upon mutual respect.两个国家的关系以相互尊重为基础。This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s.这本书以发生在20世纪三十年代的真实故事为基础。The reporter asked the writer who he based his character on.记者问作家他作品的人物是以谁为原型的。
12.at present 目前，眼下be present at 在席；出席present sth to sb / present sb with sth把„„推荐，呈现„„for the present眼前；暂时present oneself 出席；到场 13.make(great/ good/better/full)use of We have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.我们有很多工作要做，所以要好好利用时间。
14.The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking.后者体现了美国英语的不同特色。
15.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语流利的人，这是应为英国于1765到1947年统治过印度。(A small number of friends came to help him when he was in trouble)16.such as 例如
for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book.这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。Many great men have risen from poverty---Lincoln, for example.许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。You can take your research work for example.你可以拿你的研究工作做个例子。
17.Today, the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。
18.the largest number of 大多数的
China has the largest number of people.中国有着世界上最多的人。
19.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native speaker.中国人说英语很难像以英语为母语的人说英语那么流利。
20.One reason is that English has a large vocabulary.一个原因是英语有很大的词汇量。21.different English speaking countries 不同的说英语的国家 22.sing sb a song = sing a song for sb 23.turn off turn on turn up turn down 24.hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等—会hold on to vt.拉住(抓牢)25.believe it or not 信不信由你
26.those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English 人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语
27.„ you will hear the difference in the way（that/ in which）people speak.你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
28.play a role/ part(in)在„中担任角色；在„中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在„中起重要作用
Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.邓小平在中国经济的发展过程中起着重要作用。
29.from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方 30.the same „as„ 与„„一样
31.„ they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.„„他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
32.No problem.没问题
33.a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day 34.at the top of„在„顶上，在最高位，at the bottom of 在„„底部 35.keep fit 保持健康
You need exercise and keep fit.你需要运动和保持体形。36.build up逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强 bring up 教养，养育；提出
37.When you learn English, try to have fun with the language.当学英语的时候，努力找出语言的乐趣。
38.Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum.博物馆要求参观的旅客不得在馆内拍照。
39.by candle light 借助于烛光
40.be satisfied with„对„„感到满意，满足于
Never be satisfied with just a little success.不要有一点成绩就满足。
41.She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9, and trying to listen to native speakers.她建议用CD来听英语歌曲和学习英语短语，看新闻和中央电视台9套访谈，努力听以英语为母语的人说话。It is suggested that...有人提议...I suggest that...我觉得[认为] I suggested you do what he says.我建议你按照他说的去做。I suggest you not go tomorrow.我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health.他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。42.at sea在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然by sea乘船，经海路 by the sea 在海边, 在海岸边 in the sea在海里 on the sea 在海上
beyond/over the sea在海外
She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea.她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。
43.according to „ 按照„„ He lives according to her means他按他的方式生活
必修I--unit 3 I---III Travel journal
一、知识点 1.prefer prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套？
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study.我更愿意选择去美国进修学习。Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting.安妮更愿意我代替她去参加会议。1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣
2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是如何利用它的 3.flow through 流过，流经
4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。? ?连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。
It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从„„至今已经多久了。
since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直
5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
6.grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大
7..After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。强调句型It is/was„that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: ① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？ ② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？ 9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划 10.be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。（注意1：Although conj.“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：
① although 从句多在句首，though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。
② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。
③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的that从句用虚拟语气；如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth.一定要、坚持主张，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。）
11.care about details 考虑细节（The only thing he cares about is money.他唯一在乎的就是金钱。
care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine.我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾你的孩子？ 12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神 13.change one’s mind 改变主意
14.„she seemed to be excited about it.似乎显得兴奋 15.an interesting experience一次有趣的经历
16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)„„就„„”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province.它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.他太固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。
21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river.我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。
22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我的身。
23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。
24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted.Finally I gave in.我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。
25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。
26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。
27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的坚定神情使我知道她不会放弃。
28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close.我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星星啊。
29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。
30.a large parcel of 一大包
31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给一切问题保险。32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。
33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。
34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。35.as usual 像往常一样
36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
37.We saw many sheep eating green grass.我们看到羊群在吃草。38.make camp宿营
39.put up our tent 搭帐篷 40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着 41.at midnight 在半夜 42.for company 做伴
43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
44.We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。45.Good luck on your journey.祝你旅途愉快
46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢？
47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界
48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向
49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently.如果你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。50.be similar to 类似于
51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担 52.be tired from 因„„而疲劳
be tired of 对„„厌倦
53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈 54.come true 实现，成真
55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it.要他们就如何改进提一些建议。56.a guide to„ „„的指南
57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中 58.in detail 详细地
必修I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes
一、知识点
1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。
“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有： There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有 There is likely to be 可能有 There may/might be 也许有 There must be 一定有 There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有 There used to be 曾经有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有 2.happen to.It(so)happened that…
Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办? I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
I happened to be out when he called.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was out when he called.)I happened on just the thing I had been looking for.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。3.right away毫不迟疑，立刻
He is ill;you should call in the doctor right away.他病了, 你应该立即请大夫来。4.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。
5.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
6.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。7.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though„看起来好像„ ② Sb./Sth.looks as if/though„(不用seem/appear)③ There seems/appears(to be)„(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake.=It appears that there has been a mistake.④ It seems so.=So it seems.看来似乎是这样。
8.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
9.Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake.三人之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
10.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。
10.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。
11.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not„any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如： ① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都长的高。12.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。13.under the weight of 在„„重压下，迫于
14.in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天 in the air 在空中，悬而未决
15.take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事 in turn 依次地，轮流地
It is your turn now.现在轮到你了。
No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn.任何人都不准不按次序买票。16.be shocked at 对„„感到震惊 17.be proud of 以„„为自豪
18.Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28 19.express one’s thanks to sb /for sth… 对/因„„表示感谢
20.without warning 毫无预兆 21.next to紧接着，相邻，次于 22.get away from… 避免，摆脱，离开
23.disarster-hit areas灾区 24.raise money 募捐，筹款
25.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。
26.It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates.人们认为地球表面是一些板块。
27.hold up举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，推举；(理论等)经得住 Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。
28.make up弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑
Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占人口的一小部分.The boy made up a story;it was not true.男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
29.The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手，并向他祝贺。
30.The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。
31.The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女孩很害怕，而且尽力地回避问题。32.The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here.大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。
33.I can’t express how I am feeling at the moment.我无法表达我现在的感觉。
34.It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks.据说但是真实的，在地震中人们死于倒落的家具和砖块。35.be fixed to„被固定到„„ 36.be tied to „ 被绑在„„
必修 I---Unit 5 I---V Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
一、知识点
1.A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。）
2.fight against 对抗，反对，与„„作斗争
We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children.他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
3.He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers.作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。
4.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights;people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。5.be free from 免于，不受
A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。6.in a peaceful way 以和平的方式 7.be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑 in the prison 在监狱
8.the same„as„和„„一样
9.the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人
10.The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。（定语从句）
11.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。（He is generous with his money.他花钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。）12.have little education 受的教育少
13.I could not read or write well.我既不会读也不会写。
14.I worried about whether I would become out of work.我担心我是不是会失业。15.I became more hopeful about my future.我对自己的未来充满了希望。（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow.我对她明天要来抱着希望。）16.as soon as I could 尽快，马上
17.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（定语从句）过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。（The 19th century saw many changes.许多变革发生于19世纪。at an early stage in our history 在我们的历史早期）
18.„we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
19.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。Only then did I realize my mistake.直到那时我才知道我的错误.）
20.as a matter of fact 事实上（As a matter of fact，it is health that counts.事实上，健康才是最重要的。As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble.事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。）
21.In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres? 你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗? Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day.然后，事实上有些恒星，就像我们自己的太阳，有朝一日会爆炸。）
22.„I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.„„我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。23.in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦? ? Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 否则有麻烦.24.be willing to do sth.愿意，乐于Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他们的见解。
25.What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度？
26.turn to 变成；求助于，借助于, 翻到，转向?? She had no one to turn to for advice.她没有一个可以商量的人。
Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求助呢？
As they were out of work,??Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。
27.„ the quality of life for black people got worse.„„ 黑人的生活质量更糟糕。
28„.many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人认为我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人战士之一。29.lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心
Difficulties were increasing.Even then we did not lose heart.尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。
You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going.如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。30.escape from 逃脱，逃离，从„„逃出
He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work.他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention.他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注意。
The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里逃生。
31.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。should have done 本应做而未做 needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过
32.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。
33.„but they did pass their exams.但是他们确实通过了考试。34.That made me feel good about myself.这让我觉得自己还不错。35.be better educated 受到良好教育 36.I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994.在非国大于1994年执政之前，我有20年没有工作。（After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.曼德勒掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。）37.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。
After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog.自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。38.be proud to do sth.I'll be proud to be part of it 我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。be proud of sth You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所取得的成绩而自豪。39.set up创立，建立，为„作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始经商 The company was set up ten years ago.公司是十年前建立的。
He plans to set up his own business.他决定自己做生意。
He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up.他恳求我让他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。
40.be sentenced to „ 被判处„„
He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。
Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。41.Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样？ 42.to my understanding 按我的理解
43.He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home.他年轻时身体不好，所有只得在家接受教育。
44.be accepted by „ 被„„录取、接受 45.give free medical care to people there 给那儿的人免费医疗
As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。46.He died from blood poisoning.他死于败血症。
47.At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中日战争正在进行之中。48.Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article.毛泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。
49.point of view 观察点；观点
It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。50.compete with„ 与„„竞争?? If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself.如果你想同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。51.advise 常用搭配
advise + n./pron.advise + doing advise sb.to do sth.advise + that从句（从句的谓语用“should + v原”，should 常省略）
注：1）与advise用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。
如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词）We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式）2）区别：advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）
1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_______________________________
Unit 1 Friendship
be good to
对….友好
add up 合计
another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来
have got to 不得不
be concerned about 关心；挂念
walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of
列出 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历；仔细检查
hide away 躲藏；隐藏 set down 放下；记下
a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷
on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地
according to 按照；根据…所说
get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 fall in love 相爱
throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用
join in 参加（活动）
communicate with sb 和…交际
far and wide
到处
look to sth 注意，留心某事
cheat sb(out)of sth 骗取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯
be ignorant of
无知的
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….2.It’s because… 这是因为….此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？ 4.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。
（I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好习惯。11.She found it difficult to settle and… 12.This series of readers is very interesting.13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 English around the world
in…ways 在…方面
be different from 与…不同
play a role/ part(in)在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用
because of 因为；由于 such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up(vi)走进；上来；发生；被讨论 come up with 提出
come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前
at the end of 在…末期 even if/ though 即使
be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近
make(good/ full)use of（好好/充分）利用 change…into 把…变成 in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 从一处到另一处 take…with…随身携带 the same…as 与…相同的 at present 目前
as a rule 通常；照例 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be absent from 缺席 be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 give commands 命令
request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向
an international language 一门国际语言
an international organization 一个国际组织 in the 1600’s = in the 1600s as we know 正如我们所知
1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。此处what引导宾语从句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)
9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是… 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for;若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附：
1.either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同
be different from
强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终
后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法：
⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于…
如：战争等
4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？ ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？ 5.include ─ including;included identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual(adj);
rapidly ─ rapid(v)government(n)─ govern(v)
wide(adj)─ widen(v);
broad(adj)─ broaden(v)foreign ─ foreigner;solve(v)─ solution(n)6.petrol------gas;lift------elevator;flat------apartment film------movie;
sweets----candy;post------mail
Unit3 Travel Journal
one-way fare 单程票
round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事
graduate from 从…毕业
go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣
insist on(one’s)sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 at an altitude of 在…海拔上
attitude to/ toward(s)对…态度
care about 忧虑，关心
care for喜欢，照顾
care to do愿意/同意做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
to my mind = in my opinion make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
determine to do sth(动作)/ be determined to do sth（心理）决心干某事 give in(to)投降；屈服；让步
give in(vt)上交
give up 放弃
give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样
at midnight 午夜
make camp 野营，宿营
put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷
sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉
sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another（用来引出某事的理由）一则… 二则… take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was….that….其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。
2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we(should)find the source of the river.insist that….(should)+ v原形
坚持要；坚持要求 insist that….陈述语气
坚持说；坚持认为
3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?(metaphor)4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)
Unit4 Earthquakes
have time to do 有时间做某事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手
burst into tears/ laughter
burst out crying/laughing 突然哭/笑起来
in ruins 成为废墟
cut across 穿过、横穿
blow away 吹走、刮走
fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人员
be pleased to do 乐意做某事
make/ give a speech 发表演说
judging….from 根据……来判断
tens of thousands of 成千上万
dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面
the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事
come to an end(vi)= put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事 be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
think little of 对……评价低
invite sb for/ to sth
think highly of 对……评价高
one-third 1/3
two-thirds 2/3
seventy-five percent
75% agree with sb
give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽
agree to sth
give off 发出（气味等）
agree to do sth
give away 赠送；泄露
agree on sth 达成一致意见
give back 归还
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的be known as 作为……而知名
as is known to all 众所周知
be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发
有计划
偶发
战争等爆发
1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.现在分词表伴随 4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do
其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义 6.All hope was not lost.all 与not 连用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。附：分词用法 之
作定语
falling leaves 正在落的叶子
fallen leaves
已经落在地上的叶子
Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
lose heart 丧失勇气
worry about 担心（动作）
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上 be worried about 担心（状态）in trouble 处于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判处
be out of work = lose one’s job 失业 be equal to 相等的，平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 blow up 充气，爆炸
set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起 send up 发射，使上涨
set about 着手做某事(set about doing sth)go up 上升，增长；被兴建 set off 出发，动身
set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起
boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
beg for 乞讨
set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）
be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在……活跃
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
die for 为……而死 stop sb(from)doing sth die from 死于（外因）prevent sb(from)doing sth die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advice 不可数
a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 为争取……而斗争 advise sb on sth fight against 为反对……而斗争 advise that(should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth
have a go= have a try be willing to do sth 乐于做某事
realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 break the law 违反法律 come to power 当权，上台 social activities 社会活动
equal(adj)------equally(adv)------equality(n)
violence(n)------violent(adj)cruelty(n)------cruel(adj)------cruelly(adv)educated(adj)------education(n)willing----unwilling 不愿意的 active----inactive 不活跃的
1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.（从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）
2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights;people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句 链接：It’s the first time that 现在完成时 It was the first time that 过去完成时
4.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.should have done 本应做而未做 needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过
第三篇：高一英语知识点总结(上册)教学知识点归纳总结
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
高一英语知识点总结（上册）教学知识点归纳总结
重点词组：
1.fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
He’s fond of swimming.他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables.你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?
He is fond of his research work.他喜爱他的研究工作。
2.hunt for = look for寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
hunt for a job 找工作
3.in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.如:
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4.care about
1)喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2）关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself.She doesn’t care about other people.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5.such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
6.drop *
a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束
（1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8、stay up 不睡；熬夜
（1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
（2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9、come about 引起；发生；产生
（1）How did the accident come about?
这场事故是怎么发生的？
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10、except for 除……之外
（1）except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4）另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
11、end up with 以……告终；以……结束
（1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12、more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上
（1）I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
（2）Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13、bring in 引进；引来；吸收
（1）We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。
（2）He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。
14、get away（from）逃离
（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15、watch out（for）注意；留心
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（1）Watch out!There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
16、see sb.off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
18、as well as *
(sth)而且
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19、take place 发生 take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of *
/ sth代替、取代
The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.20、on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。Catch fire有动态的含意。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Set… on fire / set fire to …用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。例如：
Look, the theatre is on fire!Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”
Tom and I are going to have a holiday.我和汤姆准备去度假。
I've already had my holidays this year.我今年已经度过假了。
22、travel agency
A business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations
for travelers.旅行社一种为旅行者提供细致的运输、旅行和住宿方面服务的行业
Also called: travel bureau
23、take off 1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
2）（飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time.It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
3）匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
车，匆匆离开去公园。
24.go wrong v.走错路, 误入岐途,(机器等)发生故障
25.in all adv.总共
26.stay away v.外出
27.look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查；
look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
28、run after追逐，追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29、on the air广播
We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30、think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
31.leave out 1)漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.2)删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。
32.stare at（由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看
Don’t stare at foreigners.It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。
比较：glare at（to stare angrily at）怒视着
这两个小男孩互相怒视着，随时准备开战。
33.make jokes about 就……说笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。
have a joke with … about …跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。
play a joke on…开某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other.我们互相开玩笑。
v.joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英.45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
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Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down
1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through
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1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down
1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through
1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台 的行李。
重点句型
1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
A: I went to the park yesterday．
B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。
例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。
B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Yes，it will．)
3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中
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do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.)语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing.So it is with my sister.5、There you are.行了，好。
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：
There you are!Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。例如：
There you are!I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
6、have some difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.①Do you have any difficulty(in)understanding English?
你理解英语口语有困难吗？
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
7、have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1）跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；
2）跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如：
Helen is Lucy’s good friend.She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room.They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议
室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago.He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见
过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight.今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj.“可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲 的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：
1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of *
/ sth 2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3)担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
river.4)给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意.用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish *
sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May *
do sth如:
May you succeed.13、Where there is a river, there is a city.有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句），意思是“在……地方”。例如：
Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪；事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句：
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes
of Russia.当主语比较短时，这类短语常常放在句首。
15.Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语，在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有：
manners（礼貌）：He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼貌。
regards(问候)：Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父母。
16.Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.没四年，世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。
“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。如：
every five days（每五天）, every three hours（每三小时）, every ten metres（每十公尺）
类似表达形式还有：every fifth day, every third hour
“每隔一天”的表达形式有：every second day, every two days, every other day.17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and
to send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是电话机—它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用，还可以发送电子邮件和上网。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如：
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代，人们把石头用作耕作的
工具。
use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。例如：
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代，人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no
matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。
1)seem 似乎，好像，其用法及搭配有：
seem + adj., 如：
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.这个问题看似复杂，其实很简单。
seem to do I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪儿见过他。
It seems that…，It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。
It seems as if…，It seems as if it’s going to rain.看来快要下雨了。
2)no matter无论，不管，后面常跟疑问词引导的从句，其意相当于疑问
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
词后加ever。如 no matter what=whatever;no matter where=wherever;no matter how=however;no matter when=whenever例如：
No matter when(Whenever)I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.不管我什么时候遇见他，他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。
No matter how(However)expensive the cellphone is, I’ll buy it because I need one badly.无论这手机有多贵，我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。
重点语法
重点语法：
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: “I broke your CD player.”(一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”
(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”
(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
Mum said she would go to see a friend.过去完成时保留原有的时态
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.注意 直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
2． 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.3． 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He said, “Can you run, Mike?”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)*
(not)to do sth.”句型。如：
“Pass me the water, please.”said he.He asked him to pass her the water.5.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.现在进行时表将来的动作
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
（1）用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（2）现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
He is reading a novel.他在看小说。
The train is arriving soon.火车就要进站了。
（3）用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
（4）现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你们打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
用现在进行时表示将来
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意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always，不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.since的四种用法
1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.2)since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.3)since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4)It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.延续动词与瞬间动词
1)用于完成时的区别
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)
I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
用一般过去时代替完成时
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.不用进行时的动词
1)事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.He loves her very much.)瞬间动词
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4)系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.虚拟语气
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错)If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对)If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would)have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c.表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today(现在).虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I
即
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1）It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)important that…+(should)do
(3)a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； +(should)do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we(should)hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +(should)do
I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.31
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He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:
（错）You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.(对)I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.34
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台 的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.36
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
基础知识
1.单词和词组
have sports shooting horse-riding in modern times take part in gold hand in sailing exciting compete unusual prize
wrestling
Olympic Games athlete AD BC Greece
competitor competition Barcelona motto
swift medal Carl Lewis
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Ball 2.日常交际用语：
Which do you prefer....or...? I prefer...to...3.语法：
学习由who/that/which(介词+which)/whom(介词+whom)引导的定语从句。
知识点精析与应用
1.单词和词组
(1)compete:v.—take part in a race,contest,examination,etc.(参加赛跑、比赛、考试等)竞争、比赛
e.g.①Some of the games in which the young men competed are running, jumping and wrestling.（青年男子参加的竞赛项目有赛跑、跳高和摔跤。）
②The two football teams are competing for the European Championship.（这两个足球队正争夺欧洲冠军。）
③The two girls competed with each other for the highest mark.（这两个女孩为取得最高分互相竞争。）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
(2)prize:n—sth.(to be)awarded to one who succeeds in a competition;
sth.struggled for;worth struggling for;
奖品、奖金（比喻）奋斗争取的东西或值得奋斗争取的东西
e.g.①To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country.（承办一次奥林匹克运动会，对一个国家来说就是一份丰厚的奖品。）
②My sister won first prize for her singing.（我姐姐赢得唱歌一等奖。）
③In 1921 Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics.（在1921年，阿尔伯特＊爱因斯坦获诺贝尔物理奖。）
note: prize与reward区别
1)prize作名词用意为奖，因比赛或因某事受到赞扬而给予的奖励。
2)reward因为工作或服务受到的报答，或协助警方寻找或归还失物被给与的酬金。
e.g.A large reward is offered for the return of the ring.（找到戒指可得一大笔酬金。）
(3)in modern times—“times”means period of time,more or less definite.(often pl.)时代，时期(常复数)。此短语意为“在现代”
e.g.The first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896.（现代首届奥林匹克运动会1896年举行。）
other example: in ancient times在古代
(4)take part in:have a share(in)
e.g.①Women were not allowed to take part in the games.妇女不允许
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
参加这些项目。
②Are you going to take part in the discussion?你准备参加讨论吗?
notes:1)take part in作“参与，参加”讲。part前无形容词时则不加冠词。若有，则需要加冠词a(an)。
e.g.①All of us took part in the sports meet last year.去年我们大家都参加运动会了。
②He takes an active part in many school activities.（他积极参加学校的许多活动。）
2)take part in,join及attend区别，汉语都可译成“参加”，但意思不同。
①join是指以平等地位“加入”到某一组织团体或人群中，并成为其中一员。
join sb.sth.—become a member of…
e.g.She joined the Young Pioneers.（她加入了少先队。）
②take part in是指参加到某一活动中去(如群众性活动、会议等)。
e.g.We should take part in the political activities.（我们应该参加政治活动。）
③attend是指参加、出席会议、聚会、讲座等。
e.g.attend a meeting,attend the concert,attend the lecture
参加会议也可说take part in the meeting
3)join in又可等于take part in
e.g.Will you join in the discussion?（你愿意参加讨论会吗?）
2.知识点测试
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
()(1)“Do you know what was wrong with her?”“_______tell you.”
A.I‘d not rather
B.I wouldn’t rather
C.I‘d rather not to D.I’d rather not()(2)Is this factory _______you visited last Saturday?
A.the one B.that C.where D.in which
()(3)We don‘t have physics on Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday.We have it _______.A.every other day
B.every three days
C.every day
D.every other days
()(4)_______number of books in our library is going up.A.Large B.The C.A D.A large()(5)It’s spring now and the weather is getting _______.A.warmer and warmer
B.warmest and warmest
C.warmer and warm
D.the warmer and warmer()(6)While we were walking along the river,we heard someone_______for help.A.shouting B.shout C.shouted D.having shouted
()(7)That day Tom hit Bob_______head.A.in the B.on the C.in Bob‘s D.on his
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
()(8)Mary’s been done a great wrong,_______her brother.A.so does B.also did C.so has D.so is()(9)Has all_______can be done_______?
A.what,done B.that,been done C.which,be done D.what,be done()(10)They decided_______their strike.A.to continue B.to go on C.to go with D.going on
()(11)He________the work of the Trade Union.A.joined B.takes a part in C.took an active part in D.joined to
()(12)He paid much money________the bank every month.A.to B.for C.in D.by
()(14)I ________50 yuan________this coat.A.cost,on B.spent,on C.spent,of D.paid,on
()(15)They________to carry out the______which had been made ten days before.A.decide,decision
B.decided,decision
C.decided,decisive
D.decided,decided
()(16)I shall________to help you in every way.A.do the best B.try the best C.do my best D.try a best
()(17)She didn‘t understand________.A.times of spirits
B.the time
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
C.the spirits of the time
D.the spirit of times()(18)He talled about New York ________he________there.A.as although,were
B.as though,had been
C.even though,were
D.even as,had been()(19)Praise makes good men________and________men worse.A.better,bad B.well,bad C.better,badly D.the best,the worst
()(20)They prefered________with them.A.she to go B.her not to go C.her going D.she not going
3.语法
(The Attribution clause)定语从句(Ⅱ)关系代语的用法。
关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中相关动词的后面。
e.g.①This is the room in which we lived last year.（=This is the room which we lived in last year.）
②Who’s the comrade whom you just shooked hands with?（=Who‘s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?）
note:(1)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
e.g.Is this the book which she was looking for?
(2)关系代词that在定词从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中相关动词的后面。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
e.g.①The man that you were talking about has come to our school.②The room that she lives in is a large one.(3)当介词位于从句中相关动词的后面时，关系代词that,whom,which在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。
e.g.This is the room we lived in last year.4.定语从句练习。
()(1)Can you lend me the novel________the other day?
A.that you talked
B.you talked about it
C.which you talked with
D.you talked about
()(2)Please pass me the dictionary________cover is black.A.which B.which of C.its D.whose
()(3)The doctor ________stepped in.A.Della was waiting for him
B.whom Della was waiting
C.Della was waiting for
D.who Della was waiting
()(4)The two things___Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms.A.about which
B.which
C.with which D.on which
()(5)In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person__she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom
()(6)The room________there is a machine is work-shop(车间)。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
A.in which B.that C.which D.in that()(7)This is the person________you are looking________.A.which,for B.for,whom C./,for D.for,which()(8)All________has to be done is to practise every day.A.who B.that C.which D.what
()(9)The first lesson________I learned will never be forgotten.A.that B.about that C.which D.what
()(10)I was the only one of the people in my office________invited.A.which was B.who were C.that were D.that was
答案
(1)-(5)DAABA(16)-(20)CDBAB
高一英语复习
一）、基本句型
(6)-(10)ABCBA
(11)-(15)CCCBB
1: S + V---主语是动作的发出者
2：S+V+O---宾语谓语发现问题的承受者
3：S+V+C-表语是对主语的补充说明
4：S+V+O+C-宾补是对宾语的补充说明
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
5：S+V+O+O-谓语动作有直接和间接（即人和物）两个宾语。
例句：
Mr.Green died(in the afternoon).I love you(very much).He became a lawyer(at last).I want you to study English harder(in high school).Lucy gave me a present(last year in the street).句子的基本特征：主
谓(动词)
上述五种基本句型都可加上状语：时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、条件状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语等、程度状语。
二）、主语的归纳
1、位于谓语动词的前面
2、由名词（n）、名词词组、代词的主格或相当于名词的短语和句子充当。
名词：可数名词（1）单数：名词的原形
（2）复数：规则变化和不规则变化
名词词组：以名词为中心的词组，带有前置修饰语或后置修饰语
Eg.a big river;a map of China;a beautiful bird in the tree
三）、谓语（由动词来充当）
1.情态动词不可单独作谓语，助动词也不可单独作谓语
2.非谓语形式不可作谓语（不定式：to+动原；动词的-ing形式；过去分词）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
3.谓语有时态和数的变化
时态： 一、一般现在时：谓语用动词的第三人称单数（-s，-es）或动词原形
表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态（能力、特征、性质、职务、身份、籍贯等）。常与always, usually, often ,sometimes ,every day等时间状语连用。如：
It often rains here.We are in Grade One.表示永恒的真理。
The sun rises in the east.When is the moon round?
表示按预告计划或安排的发生的动作。主要用于come , go, leave, start, begin, return等瞬间动词。句中常用表示将来 的时间状语。
School begins in September.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作。
Even if it rains, I will go tomorrow.二、一般过去时：谓语动词用过去式，即-ed或不规则变化
表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。与过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last week, in 1980, in the old days, the other day, just now.等。如
I called on my teacher last week.48
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
表示服从过去接连发生的一系列动作。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment , looked at his father, and then died.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去将来发生的动作。
He said he wouldn’t go with us if it rained.表示从过去某一时间考虑，已经预告计划或安排的发生的动作。
He told us that school started on the following morning.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast.三、一般将来时：（will +动原）
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与将来时连用的霎时间状语有tomorrow, next time, in three days等。如
I’ll go and see her on Friday.表示将来经常发生的动作动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.注意：其他一些表示将来时的方式。
①“be going to+动原”常用来表示已决定或安排要做的事，于表示必然或很可能发生的事。
It’s going to rain.此用法与瞬间动词进行时表示将来时的用法可交替使用，意义相同。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I am going to meet him at six.= I am meeting him at six.②“be to +动原”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要示即将发生的动作，还可表示注定要发生的动作。
The sports meeting is to take place on Sunday.③“be about to+动原”,表示“即将…；将要…”。
The film is about to begin.用be about to 时，不可再加时间副词。
④某些瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都 可表示预定的或即将要发生的动作。
The train is arriving.四、过去将来时：（would +动原）
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。
He said he would help me.注意：表示过去将来时的一些其他方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要用过去时形式。
五、现在进行时：（am/is/are +动词的ing形式）
表示说话时正在进行的动作，如
What are you doing there?
表示现阶段正在进行的动作的动作，但不一定说话时正在进行。
The population of the earth is increasing very fast.在时间、条件状语从句中代替将来进行时：
第四篇：高一英语知识点总结
语法学习的特点，不凡用一句话来说，那就是“不学不知，一学永逸”。也就是说如果一个人没有认真得彻底地把语法搞懂，下面给大家分享一些关于高一英语知识点总结，希望对大家有所帮助。
☆重点句型☆
1.What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法
2.I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语
3.I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games.等表示喜好的词语
4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when“作并列连词的用法
5.What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的特殊疑问句结构
6.With so many people communicating in English everyday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7.Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词
(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1.especially v.特别地
2.imagine v.想像
3.alone adv./ adj.单独，孤独的4.interest n.兴趣
5.everyday adj.每天的，日常的6.deserted adj.抛弃的7.hunt v.搜寻
8.share v.分享
9.care v.在乎，关心
10.total n.总数
11.majority n.大多数
12.survive v.生存，活下来
13.adventure n.冒险
14.scared adj.吓坏的15.admit v.承认
16.while conj.但是，而
17.boring adj.令人厌烦的18.except prep.除……之外
19.quality n.质量
20.favourite adj.最喜爱的☆重点短语☆
1.be fond of爱好
2.treat…as…把……看作为……
3.make friends with 与……交朋友
4.argue with sb.about / over sth.与某人争论某事
5.hunt for寻找
6.in order to为了
7.share…with与……分享
8.bring in引进;赚钱
9.a great / good many许多…
10.have difficulty(in)doing做……有困难
11.end up with以……结束
12.except for除……之外
13.come about发生
14.make(a)fire生火
15.make yourself at home别拘束
16.the majority of大多数
17.drop sb.a line给某人写短信
18.for the first time第一次
19.at all根本;竟然
20.have a(good)knowledge of…精通……
☆交际用语☆
1.I think…
I like / love / hate...I enjoy...My interests are...2.Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.Just make yourself at home.I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.☆单词聚焦☆
1.argue v.的用法
▲构词：argument n.1.[C]争论 2.[U]讨论.辩论3.[C]论据
▲ 搭配：
① argue with / against sb.over / on / about sth.与某人 争论某事
② argue for / against sth.辩论赞成/反对某事
③ argue that...主张，认为，争辩说
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
▲友情提示：“说服某人做/不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb.into / out of doing sth.⑤ settle the argument 解决争端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth.为某事和某人而发生的争执
高一英语知识点总结
第五篇：高一英语知识点总结(上册)
高一英语知识点
重点词组：
1.fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming.他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables.你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work.他喜爱他的研究工作。2.hunt for = look for寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。hunt for a job 找工作
3.in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4.care about 1)喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。2）关心 = care for She thinks only of herself.She doesn’t care about other people.她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5.such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。6.drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束
（1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8、stay up 不睡；熬夜
（1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
（2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9、come about 引起；发生；产生（1）How did the accident come about? 这场事故是怎么发生的？
（2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10、except for 除……之外
（1）except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是： He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4）另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如： We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11、end up with 以……告终；以……结束（1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12、more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上（1）I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
（2）Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13、bring in 引进；引来；吸收（1）We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。
（2）He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。
14、get away（from）逃离
（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15、watch out（for）注意；留心（1）Watch out!There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
16、see sb.off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
18、as well as *
(sth)而且
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19、take place 发生 take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位 take sb’s place 或take the place of *
/ sth代替、取代 The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.20、on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。Catch fire有动态的含意。
Set… on fire / set fire to …用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。例如：
Look, the theatre is on fire!Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”
Tom and I are going to have a holiday.我和汤姆准备去度假。
I've already had my holidays this year.我今年已经度过假了。
22、travel agency
A business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations for travelers.旅行社一种为旅行者提供细致的运输、旅行和住宿方面服务的行业
Also called: travel bureau
23、take off 1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
2）（飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time.It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
3）匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。
24.go wrong v.走错路, 误入岐途,(机器等)发生故障
25.in all adv.总共
26.stay away v.外出
27.look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查；
look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
28、run after追逐，追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29、on the air广播
We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30、think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
31.leave out 1)漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.2)删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。
32.stare at（由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看
Don’t stare at foreigners.It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。
比较：glare at（to stare angrily at）怒视着
这两个小男孩互相怒视着，随时准备开战。
33.make jokes about 就……说笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。
have a joke with … about …跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。play a joke on…开某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other.我们互相开玩笑。
v.joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英.45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down 1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet 1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through 1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down 1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet 1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through 1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。重点句型
1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)A: I went to the park yesterday．
B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。
例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．)A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Yes，it will．)
3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in my composition on time.)语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing.So it is with my sister.5、There you are.行了，好。
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：
There you are!Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。例如：
There you are!I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
6、have some difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.①Do you have any difficulty(in)understanding English? 你理解英语口语有困难吗？
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。
7、have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1）跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；
2）跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如：
Helen is Lucy’s good friend.She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room.They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议
室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago.He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见
过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight.今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj.“可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：
1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of * / sth 2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3)担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the river.4)给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如: I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意.用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish *
sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May *
do sth如:
May you succeed.13、Where there is a river, there is a city.有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句），意思是“在……地方”。例如：
Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪；事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句：
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes of Russia.当主语比较短时，这类短语常常放在句首。
15.Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语，在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有：
manners（礼貌）：He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼貌。
regards(问候)：Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父母。
16.Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.没四年，世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。
“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。如：
every five days（每五天）, every three hours（每三小时）, every ten metres（每十公尺）
类似表达形式还有：every fifth day, every third hour
“每隔一天”的表达形式有：every second day, every two days, every other day.17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and to send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是电话机—它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用，还可以发送电子邮件和上网。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如：
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代，人们把石头用作耕作的 工具。
use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。例如：
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代，人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。
1)seem 似乎，好像，其用法及搭配有：
seem + adj., 如：
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.这个问题看似复杂，其实很简单。
seem to do
I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪儿见过他。
It seems that…，It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。
It seems as if…，It seems as if it’s going to rain.看来快要下雨了。
2)no matter无论，不管，后面常跟疑问词引导的从句，其意相当于疑问词后加ever。如 no matter what=whatever;no matter where=wherever;no matter how=however;no matter when=whenever例如：
No matter when(Whenever)I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.不管我什么时候遇见他，他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。
No matter how(However)expensive the cellphone is, I’ll buy it because I need one badly.无论这手机有多贵，我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。
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