第一篇：总结的写作
总结的写作
总结是单位或个人对过去一个时期内的实践活动作出系统的回顾归纳、分析评价，从中得出规律性认识用以指导今后工作的事务性文书。
(一)总结的种类
从性质、时间、形式等角度可划分出不同类型的总结，从内容分主要有综合总结和专题总结两种。综合总结又称全面总结，它是对某一时期各项工作的全面回顾和检查，进而总结经验与教训。专题总结是对某项工作或某方面问题进行专项的总结，尤以总结推广成功经验为多见。总结也有各种别称，如自查性质的评估及汇报、回顾、小结等都具总结的性质。
(二)总结的写法
1、标题
文件式标题 一般由单位名称、时限、内容、文种名称构成。例：《××局 19××年度拥军拥属工作总结》。
文章式标题 以单行标题概括主要内容或基本观点，不出现总结字样，但对总结内容有提示作用。例某高校的专题总结《我们是如何实行教学与科研相结合的》。
双行式标题 即分别以文章式标题和文件式标题为正副标题，正标题揭示观点或概括内容，副标题点明单位、时限、性质和总结种类。例：《知名教授上讲台 教书育人放异彩——××
大学德育工作总结》。
2、正文
前言
一般介绍工作背景、基本概况等，也可交待总结主旨并作出基本评价。开头力求简洁，开宗明义。
主体
应包括主要工作内容、成绩及评价、经验和体会、问题或教训等。这些内容是总结的核心部分，可按纵式或横式结构形式撰写。所谓纵式结构，即按主体内容纵向所做的工作、方法、成绩、经验、教训等逐层展开。所谓横式结构即按材料的逻辑关系将其分成若干部分，标序加题，逐一写来。
结尾 作为结的结束语可以归纳呼应主题、指出努力方向、提出改进意见或表示决心信心等语作结，要求简短精练。
3、落款 一般在正文右下方署名署时。如是报刊杂志或简报刊用的交流经验的专题总结，应在标题下方居中署名
教师年度工作总结
过去的一年转眼间过去了。追忆往昔，展望未来，为了更好的总结经验教训使自己成为一名优秀的“人民教师”，我现将工作情况总结如下：
一、师德方面：加强修养，塑造“师德”。我始终认为作为一名教师应把“师 德”放在一个极其重要的位置上，因为这是教师的立身之本。“学高为师，身正为范”，这个道理古今皆然。从踏上讲台的第一天，我就时刻严格要求自己，力争做一个有崇高师德的人。我始终坚持给学生一个好的师范，希望从我这走出去的都是合格的学生。为了给自己的学生一个好的表率，同时也是使自己陶冶情操，加强修养，课余时间我阅读了大量的书籍，不断提高自己水平。今后我将继续加强师德方面的修养，力争在这一方面有更大的提高。
二、教学方面：虚心求教，强化自我。对于一名教师来说，加强自身业务水平，提高教学质量无疑是至关重要的。随着岁月的流逝，伴着我教学天数的增加，我越来越感到我知识的匮乏，经验的缺少。面对讲台下那一双双渴望的眼睛，每次上课我都感到自己责任之重大。为了尽快充实自己，使自己教学水平有一个质的飞跃，我从以下几个方面对自身进行了强化。
首先是从教学理论和教学知识上。我不但自己订阅了三四种中学物理教学杂志进行教学参考，而且还借阅大量有关中学物理教学理论和教学方法的书籍，对于里面各种教学理论和教学方法尽量做到博采众家之长为己所用。在让先进的理论指导自己的教学实践的同时，我也在一次次的教学实践中来验证和发展这种理论。
其次是从教学经验上。由于自己教学经验不足，有时还会在教学过程中碰到这样或那样的问题而不知如何处理。因而我虚心向老教师学习，力争从他们那里尽快增加一些宝贵的教学经验。我个人应付和处理课堂各式各样问题的能力大大增强。
第三是做到“不耻下问” 教学互长。从另一个角度来说，学生也是老师的“教师”。由于学生接受新知识快，接受信息多，因此我从和他们的交流中亦能丰富我的教学知识。
三、学校各项活动情况：积极参与活动，严格要求自我。认真参加学校组织的各项活动。一年来未耽误一节课。上班开会不迟到不早退，严格遵守了学校的各项规章制度，今后一定继续坚持。
总之，在过去的一年，我取得了一定的成绩，但还有一些不足之处，本人在新的一年一定认真工作，加倍努力，争取在平凡的岗位上做出不平凡的业绩。
第二篇：写作总结
写作总结
一、写作概述
小作文15min,共10分，80~100字；大作文35min,共20分160~200字（最好多写200~240）答题卡上，段与段之间可以空一行。
二、小作文
1、书信
▲必备词汇：
1）抱怨信：lodge a complaint about, express my concern/dissatisfaction/disappointment about
2）咨询信：make requiries regarding, ask informationg about
3）道歉：express my regret
4）感谢：express/extend my sincere gratitude/appreciation for
5）建议：I am writing this letter with my suggestions/proposals about
6）求职：apply the position/vacancy about
Recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of
7）寻找失物：report the loss of my……when I ……, request your assistance in finding my…..8）邀请：request your presence at….▲最简模板
1）称呼：写给机构dear sir of madam写给个人dear LiMing
2）正文：三段
第一段：自我介绍，写作目的I am wrtiting this letter for the purpose of
第二段：主题句，分论点一，分论点二
第三段：表示关注I really hope that you can take my proposal/suggestions seriously表示感谢thank you very much for your time and consideration.My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.期待回信I look forward to a favorable reply at your eariest convenience.3）落款 yours sincerely
▲必背范文2008
Dear Bob,I am writing to apologize for having forgotton to return” the Beatles”CD when I left Canada.I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully.Had I paid more attention then, I would not made such a stupid mistake.Now something must be done to solve this problem because you cherish this CD enormously.I can either send it to you by express email or compensate you at a reasonable price.If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time I go to Canada.Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earilest convenience.I really hope you can receive my sincere apology.Yours sincerely,LiMing
练习：改写2006年范文。
▲格式Notice
Month day, year
正文，最后要留联系方式
落款
▲ 框架：通知目的（1~2句）------通知细节（5~6句）-------联系方式（1~2句）主体段可应用格式：the details are as follows.Firstly…additonally…ultimately.▲ 2010年范文
Notice
January 9,2010
To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduates’Association is recruiting volunteers for an International confrence on globalization to be held on April 7,2010 in Beijng.To begain with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a stong professional spirit,cheerful personality and be aged under 35.In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak English and Chinese fluently.Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred.Please feel free to contact us at1234567 or email us at.Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined.The postgraduate association ▲ 如何扩充细节
1）万能开头To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities。。。
2）条件与要求：国籍Chinese nationality；友好friendly/proper manners/ cheerful personality;责任感强strong sense of responsibility;年龄be aged under…..;职业精神：a strong
professional spirit;学术表现好 have excellent academic performance;对话题熟悉be familiar with;有相关经验者优先priority and preference will be given to those experienced/students wih…experience are preferred.▲格式：Abstract为题目，主体写成一段
▲步骤：找主旨，各段首句，加上过渡词组合起来
▲常用句型：this article/essay focuse on/centers on the topic of…….It is concluded in this article that………
4、备忘录、报告
▲格式Memo
Date:
To:
From:
Subject:
正文
二、大作文
三段式结构；万能原因：科技，经济的发展；压力过大（对于成功要素的文章）
1)提纲类（参考1992年）
近年来…（现状）…….。尽管。。。但是。。。，更加糟糕的是。。。于是。成为大家关心的问题
1992年范文：for a better understanding between parent and child
In recent years, the problem of lack of communication between parent and child is becoming more serious.Although some children are willing to chat with their patents, the majority are not.To make matters worse, some parents can hardly say a word to their child in a day.Thus, how to creat a better understanding between parent and child is becoming our concern.2)图画类：总述------细节-------文字说明
①两图：总述----第一图-----第二图------可加一句废话--------文字说明
2000年捕鱼2003年温室里的花朵2006年小贝
2000年范文：As is graphically portrayed in the cartoons above, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply decreased.In the first picture,there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing boat in1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing boats.Obviously, we can find that the number of fishes has dropped considerably from 1900 to 1995.We are informed that this is a brief histoty of world commercial fishing.联系：2003,2006仿写
②一图：总述-----挖掘细节------挖掘细节------文字说明
如果细节信息过少或者单词量不够描绘不出来，可以用模糊写法。
2002 an American girl in traditional Chinese costume 2004终点又是新起点
2002范文：what can we see from the photograph indcates that an American girl is wearing a traditonal Chinese costome.From the sweetest smile on her face, we can easily arrive at a conclusion that she takes great interest in Chinese clothes and she is crazy about the mysterious Chinese culture.2004范文：what can we see from the cartoon indicates that a little boy is running on a racetrack of the playground.From the smile on his face,we can come to a conclusion that he will be the first one to reach the finish line.Howeve, the caption(字幕，说明，标题)in the picture reads,”the finishing line is also the starting line”.详细写法2011旅游之余
2011范文：
As is graphically portrayed in the cartoon above, we can see clearly that there are two tourists on a boat in the lake.On the one hand, we know that they enjoy some snacks.On the other hand, they throw the rubbish into the lake casually.Finally, the lake is like a rubbish heap, filled with virous kinds of rubbish such as empty bottles,plastic bags, fish bones and so on.(细节描述！)We are informed that a large amout of garbage is thrown away along the trip。
▲ 注：图中有文字说明的，第一段最后一句一般都是这句话的翻译we are informed that….▲ 第一段词汇积累：
形象的：graphically,vividly,subtly,symbolicall
显示：portray,illustrate,depict,reveal
图片：cartoon,caricture,drawing,photograph(真实照片)
增长：increase,advancement,prosperity,development,growth,rampancy(疯狂增长，贬义)急剧的：sharply,dramically,considerably,significantly,substancially
下降：decrease,decline,drop,shrink-shrank-shrunk,reduce
各种各样：various kinds of, diverse sorts of
明显的：obviously,apparently,evidently,undoubtedly
我们被告知：we are informed that…../the caption in the picture indicates that…
图画目的：the purpose of this picture is to show that…..寓意指代：A is associated with…./B is a symbol of….也可以用一句话模糊概括：the fact that…indicates that…..背景原因：owing to
举例说明：studies show that……
转折反论：if we let this situation go as it is…….(如果是坏的东西，要写反论；如果是好的东西，可写总结，写废话)
总结陈述：generally speaking…
格式：首先，这幅图的目的是----------。事实上，----代表了------，----是-----的缩影，-----很自然的和-----联系在了一起。由于--------，---------。同时，许多试验表明/我们发现--------。如果我们听之任之，以后将--------。到那个时候，-------将会遭到严重破坏。
2000年范文：（目的）The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resourse.(指代)Actually,the fish in the picture is a symbol of resourses, while the fishing boats are natually associated with the world commercial fishing.But more importantly, the reduction of the fishing resourses stands for the destructiong of the ocean resourses.（原因）Owing to over-fishing,the number of fishes has obviously decreased.（举例）Numerouse studied show that many of the spicies have vanished in those years.（反论）If we let this situation go as it is, we won’t know where fish will be in the future.（结论）By that time, our environment will have suffered a great situatio.▲ 第二段的词汇积攒
目的：the purpose of this picture is to show us that…../the real implication(含义，暗示)of the cartoon is to show…../the cartoon conveys the meaning that…..引起注意：due attention must to be paid to…/put/place great emphasis on…./attach importance to….代表：stand for/be naturally associated with/be a symbol of//represent/reflect/mirror/epitomize(成为。。的缩影)
因为：owing to/due to/ on account of/ as a consequence of…
大量的：numerouse/countless/innumberable
因此：therefore/thus/hence/accordingly
坏方面（2000）要解决办法；好方面（2008）要发扬光大；利弊型（2009）要扬长避短 格式：总结according to the discussion above, we may easily come to a conclusion that…..建议：政府for one thing, we need to appeal to the authorities to make laws to…个人for another, we need to cultivate our awareness of people that…
展望未来：only in this way can we finally……also I believe our human beings can….
第三篇：总结写作
总 结
根据中央、省委的统一部署和省高校工委的安排以及我院下发的关于《xx理工大学xx信息学院深入学习实践科学发展观活动工作方案》通知的指示精神，2009年03月至2009年04月期间，在院党委的认真精心组织，各党支部和广大党员的高度重视下，圆满完成了学习实践科学发展观活动第一阶段的各项工作，现总结如下::
一、深入学习实践科学发展观准备工作
在认真学习领会科学发展观精神基础上，围绕提高思想认识、解决突出问题、创新体制机制、促进科学发展的目标要求,03月25日中午十二点半，电子工程分院全体党员在分院会议室参加了深入学习科学发展观活动的动员大会，会议宣布了我分院学习实践科学发展观活动的指导思想、基本目标、重要阶段和具体安排。通过本次动员大会揭开了我院深入学习实践科学发展观活动的序幕。
二、组织学习
学院党支部结合实际，精心组织，周密部署，制定了具体的学习培训计划。采取个人自学、集中培训、专题辅导、集体研讨等形式，组织广大党员干部认真学习。在2009年03月30、31两天召开了分院党员会议，对学院下发的《科学发展观重要论述摘编》、《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论科学发展》两书进行了深入学习，与会人员认真学习并做好笔记，且会后书写个人学习心得，最后统一整理装入档案。同时以课堂、广播、网络、板报等舆论载体，大力宣传科学发展观，让科学发展观进教材、进课堂、进头脑，着力增强学习实践活动的感染力、吸引力，为深入开展学习实践科学发展观活动营造良好的氛围。通过学习，群体党员统一了思想，提高了认识，深刻领会了科学发展观的科学内涵、精神实质和根本要求，增强贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性和坚定性。
三、主题实践调研活动
在2009年04月06日到2009年04月21日期间我院如期开展了以“科学发展，促进和谐，服务社会”为主题的社会实践调研活动。调研题目为“提高出勤率，降低迟到率，构建和谐课堂”。针对我分院得情况，调研活动按计划分四个阶段顺利进行。第一阶段为调查阶段，通过实际考察以及对各班班委会了解了各班学生的上课出勤情况；第二阶段日为研究阶段，通过班会、问卷调查以及对问题严重的学生进行谈话等形式进行了调查研究；第三阶段各学生党员针对自己的调研情况撰写了调研结果并形成书面报告统一上交；第四阶段为后续考察阶段。通过调研针对我分院的情况发现问题、提出可行性方案、解决问题、问题总结。各位党员进一步让认识到了科学发展观的时代和现实意义，为以后的深入学习实践打下了坚实的基础。抓出勤率是一项长远的工作，要靠长时间来养成，这项工作还要一如既往的继续下去。
第四篇：写作总结
二.修辞手法（Finger of speech）1.Simile(明喻)……像……
It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like
E: my love ‘s like a red, red rose 2.Metaphor(暗喻)……是……
It is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.No expressed with the word as or like
E: He is the soul of the team.//Irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture.3.Personification(拟人)It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities.E: Youth is hot and bold , Age is weak and cold, Youth is wild, and Age is time.///// The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuously tossing their boat.4.Metonymy(转喻、借代)与自身相关的东西替代
It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.E: crown can stand for a king.White house for the American government.Bottle for wine or alcohol.Bar for the legal profession.5.synecdoche(提喻)整体与部分，抽象与具体替代。
when a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part.E: hands stands for men/ bread for food or living expenses/// the name of two countries for the two team/// creature for a woman.6.Euphemism(委婉语)It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one.E: to die---to pass away/// old people---senior citizens /// dustman—sanitation worker/// mad---emotionally disturbed 7.irony(反语)It is the use of words which are clearly opposite to what is meant, in order to achieve a special effect.E: raining heavily---what a fine weather /// a barbarous act –civilized 8.overstatement(hyperbole)and understatement（夸大或缩小)E: she is dying to know what job has been assigned her It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.9.transferred epithet(移就)An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something.E: busy day----people is busy in this day /// sleepless nights—people … 10.oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)In oxymoron apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce a special effect
(1).Adj.+n.一个形容词修饰另一个意义相反的或者相对的名词（2）adj.+adj.两个意义相驳的形容词
（3）n.+adj.形容词后置
faith /unfaithful
(4)n.+n.意义相对或者相反的词通过连字符连接构成合成词/love-hate(5)adv.+adj.副词修饰形容词//dully bright(6)v.+adv./// love harmful
E: a living death /// victorious defeat /// cleaver fool // cruel kindness 11.alliteration(头韵)It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words.E: proud as a peacock // blind as a bat 三．段落的展开方式
1.development by time(又称为chronological sequencing).按时间先后展开
2.development by space 按空间先后顺序展开，从大地方到小地方，或者从远到近3.development by process 按过程展开，按照事情发展过程一步一步展开。
4.development by example or generalization 按举例和归纳展开。通过举出一些例子让使文章变得清晰明了。
5.development by comparison and contrast 类比对比法
通过两件事物的对比展开文章描述
包括：block comparison or block contrast(整体对比法)and alternating comparison or alternating contrast(交替类比法)6.development by cause and effect(按原因结果展开法)分析原因和结果的方法展开文章 7.development by classification(按分类法展开)按照事物的特征把事物分类描写
8.development by definition(按定义法展开)定义事物的概念或者特征展开文章的描写 9.development by a combination of methods(按综合法展开)
第五篇：写作总结
开头： To arouse sb’s interest and enrich our school life, we held an English handwriting competition.连接词：
First of all;to begin with;
Besides;what’s more;in addition;
Finally;last but not least;
On one hand,…..;on the other hand,…… The most important is that …..转折连接词： However；To the contrary;By contrast;Therefore;
我的看法： In my opinion;in my view;as far as I am concerned;I think that;I believe that…..常用句型：
We carry out a survey（调查）about the importance of music to human beings.And many people took an active part in it.The reasons are as follows.There is no need to do…… They believe that……;they hold the view/idea/ opinion that….;
Practicing handwriting is so difficult that they cannot make great progress in a short time.Students’ beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to themselves.This suggests that ……
There is no doubt that……
It is harmful to children’s eyesight……
It does harm to …..I am sure that things will become better if these ways are carried out.We at last reached an agreement that I can only watch TV at weekends, and the programs should be limited to news and programs of entertainment, sports and science.Our economic development is important, but we should try our best to avoid（避免）destroying the cultural relics.Taking all factors into consideration, I sincerely hope that I can get help from you and expect the media to do something for this.I think that playing table tennis can build up our bodies, keep us healthy and train our brains.This is what we are worried about.Therefore, more attention should be paid to this aspect in future.常用短语：
take active part in;think highly of;as is know to all;with the development of science and technology（随着科学技术的发展）；with the development of society（随着社会的发展）；communicate with sb;exchange our feelings and thoughts;
书信格式：
Dear Editor:
As a student reader, I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.These books have many advantages.……
I am looking forwards to your reply.Thanks for your attention.Best regards或Yours sincerely,LiHua
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