rather_than用法小结

第一篇：rather_than用法小结

rather than 用法小结

rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：

1.rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2.rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：(1)连接两个名词或代词

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)连接两个形容词

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。(4)连接两个分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。(5)连接两个不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。

注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(6)连接两个动词

He ran rather than walked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。

注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。

请注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。

三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前 例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？ Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？

四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天别来。我希望你下周末来。

请注意 1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你没有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。3）would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样： 例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin． —您想喝点杜松子酒吗？

—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。

第二篇：rather_than用法小结

rather than 用法小结

rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：

1.rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2.rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：

(1)连接两个名词或代词

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

(2)连接两个形容词

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。

(4)连接两个分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

(5)连接两个不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。

注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。

(6)连接两个动词

He ran rather than walked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。

注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。

请注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。

三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？

四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天别来。我希望你下周末来。

请注意 1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你没有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。

这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？

—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我5 的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。prefer用法

是可以加to的,但一般用法都是用不带to的用法.(中国考试也爱考这个,所以考试万一出了你还是不要带to)

prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。

1.prefer+名词

——Would you like meat or fish?

——I„d prefer meat，please。

2．prefer+动名词

Do you prefer cooling for yourself ,or eating in a restaurant? 自己做饭还是喜欢下馆子？

——Do you like swimming?你喜欢游泳吗？

——Yes, but I prefer saling.喜欢，但我更喜欢驾驶帆船。

3．prefer+不定式

Do you prefer to cook for yourself, or to eat in a restaurant? I prefer to spend the weekend at home.我喜欢在家里度周末。

I would prefer to stay at home tonight.She prefers to be alone.4．Prefer sb to do sth

Their father prefers them to be home early.他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。

I thought you would prefer me not to knock.5.prefer A to B

在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如：

I prefer dogs to cats.在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。

Most people prefer trains to buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。

I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。

I prefer staying at home to going ou.我觉得在家里比出去好。

Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room.成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业，也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。

She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops.她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服

6．Prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式

1)本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to，第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。例如： He prefer to die rather than become traitor.她宁死也不做叛徒。

Older people often fear change.They know what they can do best.They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure.年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮制而不愿冒失败的危险。

She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。

2)rather than 也可以至于句首：

Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one.3）than后也可用动名词：

I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film.我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。

I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mother‟s.我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末，到布热在家里过更好些。

4）prefer …rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前（prefer rather…than），这种用法多见于书面语。例如：

He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent.她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。

5）prefer to do A rather than do B 意义相同，试比较：

Joe prefers skating to skiing.Joe prefer to skate rather than ski.Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming.Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim.He preferred rating a car to having one of his own.He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own.他宁愿租车也不愿买车。

6）用prefer…rather than代替prefer…to连接名词的情形偶尔也可见到。如：

Mr.Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics.有人认为两者的区别是：prefer…to表示一般的倾向，prefer…rather than则表示在某种具体场合的选择。如:

What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我们该喝什么呢？

I should prefer port rather than sherry.我宁愿和红葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。

7）prefer + that从句

Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗

I prefer that someone else should do this.我觉得还是让别人来做这件事比较好。

第三篇：英语语法——rather_than用法小结

have sth.done，have sb.do , have sb./sth.doing与have sth.to do 四种

句型的区别

一、Have sth.done可表示四种不同的语法意义（1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。

例：① I had(=got)that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。

② I had(=got)my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。（2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。

例：① they are going to have(=got)some threes planted.他们打算植些树。

② we must have(=got)the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完

成此项工作。

（3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。

例：① I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。

② I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。(4)用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。

例：① I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。② I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。

二、have sb.do表示四种含意（1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb.to do”结构来替换。

例：① I had him repair my bike.（=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。

② Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。

（2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.（3）表示主语“经历”某事。

例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。（4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。

例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。

三、have sb./sth.doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。

例：① he soon had them all laughing.他很快让他们都笑了起来。② I have a car waiting for me.我让一部车在等我。（2）在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。

例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。

四、have sth.to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定语，且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。

（1）如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。例：① I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。

② He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。（2）如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道：“你今天有没有衣服要（我）洗？”

rather than 用法小结

rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：

1.rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2.rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：

(1)连接两个名词或代词

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

(2)连接两个形容词

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。

(4)连接两个分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

(5)连接两个不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。

注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。

(6)连接两个动词

He ran rather than walked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。

注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态

变化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。

请注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。

三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？

四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天别来。我希望你下周末来。

请注意 1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不

恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你没有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。

这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？

—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。

第四篇：it用法小结

小结(2008-12-08 15:57:31)

标签：教育

It用法小结

it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单，而且很复杂。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。

一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可做主语，也可以作宾语。

1．指动物和植物。如：

—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat！它看上去像只猫！

Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。

2．指代一些无生命的东西。如：

Is it your watch？这是你的手表吗？

Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看这雨！雨很大，对吗？

3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如：

Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如：

—Who was it？是谁（打来的电话）？

—Was it Susan？（打电话的）是苏珊吗？

—Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根据上下句，“it was”也可不译出来。）

再如：—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？

—It's me．是我。

2．指说话者心目中的那个人。如：

—Is it your sister，Kate？（那旧照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？

—No！不是。

—Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

—No！不是。

—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如

The child smiled when it saw its mother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。

I don't know who it is．我不知道他是谁。

注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。）

4．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如：

—Who's that？那人是谁？

—Is it Kate？是凯特吗？

—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。

三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。

1．表示时间。如：

—What time is it？几点钟？

—It's ten．十点钟。

It's summer in Australia now．现在澳大利亚是夏天。

特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中：

（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．译为“是（某人）该干„„的时间了”、“到„„的时候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚饭的时候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时。译为“自从„„以来已过了„„（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自从我们上次相遇以来，两个星期过去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到这里已经三年了。

2．表示距离。如：

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。—Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？

—No，it's quite near．不，（距）离这很近。

3．表示自然现象。如：

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有时下雪，大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下这儿很安静。

四、用作形式主语。

英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头，it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应，以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法，这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。

1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。

注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好习惯。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。

2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容词＋动名词短语。如：

It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是没好处的。

Is it any good trying again？再试一次有用吗？

3．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如：

It is certain that he will come．他一定会来。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同学。

It is strange that he should say so．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如：

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。

5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花„„时间做某事”。如

It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周时间看完这本书。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如：It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我买这块新手表花了260元。

7．It seems ／seemed ＋从句。译为“看起来好像„„”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。如：

It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。

[原题再现]

①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式宾语。

当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。

[原题再现]

Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as grantedB.take this for granted

C.take that for grantedD.take it for granted

答案: D

六.构成强调句。

如：

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看见李明。

[原题再现]

________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when

答案: B

七.构成特殊句式。如：

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【练习】

（1）There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He（高考，1980)

（2)Is＿necessary to tell his father everything?

A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)

(3)Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man C.that D.it

(4)I consider____ my duty to help you．

A.it B.this C.that D.its

(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as

答案：(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B

(6)．I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004全国I）

A.this B.that C.it D.one

(7).-Do you like ___ here?

-Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is so nice.（2004全国II）

A.this B.these C.that D.it

(8)．The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which

(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them

(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one

答案：C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别

it, one和that虽然都可以用来替代前面所提到的一个单数名词,以避免重复,但在具体用法上却有不同。简述如下:

1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。

[原题再现]

The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?

A.did theyB.didn't theyC.did itD.didn't it

答案: D

2.one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。

[原题再现]

-Why don't we have a little break?

-Didn't we just have________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

答案: C

3.that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名

词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。

[原题再现]

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those

答案: C

高考“it”的用法英语题

历届高考英语单项选择题精选

（一）“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?

A.thatB.while

C.in whichD.then(88)

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A.thisB.that

C.itD.he(89)

3.I don

t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.that

C.itsD.it(91)

4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A.thisB.that

C.heD.it(91)

5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , thatB.until , that

C.until , thatD.when , then(92)

6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.thatB.this

C.oneD.it(93)

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which

C.thatD.since(94)

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.This

C.ThatD.It(95)

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.untilB.that

C.thenD.so(97)

10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.A.itB.that

C.theseD.them(98)

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.oneB.that

C.whatD.it(2000)

KEYS:1-5 ACDDB6-10 DCDBA11 B ’

第五篇：with用法小结

with用法小结

一、with表拥有某物

Mary married a man with a lot of money.马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。

I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。

二、with表用某种工具或手段

I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把锋利的刀削平果。

Tom drew the picture with a pencil.汤母用铅笔画画。

三、with表人与人之间的协同关系

make friends with sb

talk with sb

quarrel with sb与……吵架

fight with sb与……打架

play with sb

work with sb years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him.自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了，我们从没有吵过架。

四、with 表原因或理由.这种语义的with多半与表示情绪的词连用.John was in bed with high fever.约翰因发烧卧床。

He jumped up with joy.他因高兴跳起来。

Father is often excited with wine.父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。

五、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，”在…身上，在…身边”之意（相当于having, carrying）

The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。

The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。

Do you have money with you.身上带着钱吗？

Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.随身带伞，以防下雨。

注意：with ,about ,和in均可表示特征和属性.With表示属于人和物的显著特点;about表示附属于人或物不可捉摸的的特点;in表示附属与人或物的内部固有特点.﹡His uncle is an old man with a red nose.它的叔叔是位红鼻子老人。

﹡There is a certain charm about that man.那个人有某种魅力。

﹡There is something strange in him.他身上有点奇怪的地方。

六、with表想法，信念，态度与…一致

I agree with you on how to deal with it.关于此事如何处理，我同意你的看法。

七、with表示让步,“虽有,尽管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有着钱和名誉，他还是不快乐。

With good teachers and warmhearted classmates, the new comer feels lonely.虽有着好老师和热心的同学，这个新来的还是感觉孤独。

八、with表同时，或同一方向，“随着”

The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血动物的体温随着周围的环境的改变而变化。

The big ship is sailing with the wind.这个大船正随风向航行。

And with the last words, she turned away.随着最后一句话说完，他转身离开了。

九．With后加上一个名词（多为表情绪的词），表示“。。。地”等情态意义，其作用相当于一个副词。with care =carefully ﹡with difficulty=difficultly ﹡with warmth=warmly﹡with curiosity=curiously ﹡ with pride=proudly

十、with的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况

1、with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open.门开着，他就离开了屋子。Don’t talk with your mouse full.嘴里满是东西时不要说话。

2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair.收音机开者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。

With Tom away , I always feel lonely.汤母不在，我一直感觉孤独。

3、with + n/pron + done

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。

The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。

4、with + n/pron + to do

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible.有这本书来帮忙，你能尽快完成工作。

With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything.有着太多问题要去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。

5、with + n/pron + n

The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company.因为他儿子是公司的主席，这个老头瞧不起任何人。

He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleeding flesh.他被抬到医院，他的腿血肉模糊。

6、with + n/pron + 介词短语

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand.这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。

十、with其他用法主要出现在一些常用词和习语中，记住其特定含义即可。如： It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.很长时间没有和汤母取得联系了。

Down with imperialism.打倒帝国主义。