第一篇：英语（共）
1.Before Anglo-American westward expansion, there were already a number of settlements in the mid-west.2.We are confident that the introduction an automated assembly line will eliminate most of today’s human errors.3.Warmer air is able to hold more water vapor than cold air and so has a higher humidity.4.In most communities in the United States, The local American red cross chapter has been authorized to take control of certain local public building in times of emergency.5.Traffic control establishes a set of rules and instructions that drivers, pilots, train engineers, and ship captains rely on to avoid collisions and other hazards.6.In the past few decades since the launching of the first satellite artificial satellite in 1957, thousands of “man-made moons” have been rocketed into the Earth's orbit, each designed to serve a specific purpose or mission.7.The thunder crashed so near the house that the glass vibrated in the windows, and some books, which had sat on the windowsill, fell to the floor.8.Radio telescopes have provided valuable information about other stars and about the magnetic fields of other planets in our solar system, especially Jupiter's.9.At the beginning of the race, the runners were bunched together on the track, but later some of them got ahead and left the others behind.10.From the control tower, air traffic controllers coordinate in the air aircraft movement both in the air and on the ground.11.Further troubles developed in October in 1995 when the tape recorder in the orbiter Galileo got stuck in the “rewind" position for 15 hours, wearing out a section of the tape.12.In 1978, at the beginning of the reform period, approximately 11,000 Chinese students went abroad to pursue further studies.1.The waitress was so rude that Jane didn't tip her.2.Racing takes everything you‘ve got----intellectually, emotionally, and physically.3.Although the structure of the building hadn’t suffered, the surface is badly damaged.4.She received an increase in pay and it has made a difference in her attitude towards work.5.She appeared very nervous one evening.I asked her what was wrong, and she blurted that she had fallen in love with Phil.6.I looked at Tom’s pictures and found some of them so amusing and funny that I couldn’t help chuckling.7.Your goals have to be measurable so you’ll know when you are making progress.8.Salespeople often try to learn about the needs of the prospective buyer to make themselves more persuasive.9.We have only five months to make preparations for the trip.10、Prof.Lee's eyes sparkled with enthusiasm as she talked about how her new teaching method worked in her College English class 11.In my senior year I took a crack at writing a novel.12.To reduce weight, I am now learning to play golf with my business partner, who plays like a professional.computerized driving system.From the moment you 2)start up the car ,I will 3)be poised to help you.It is my job to 4)alert you to any 5)hazards that may occur on the road.When you find the driving 6)monotonous and want to relax ,I can 7)take control of the car and 8)steer it in your place.I will guide you from one 9)lane to annother and make sure you arrive at your destination safe and sound.If a car in front of you slows down suddenly ,I will 10)decrease your speed.And I will 11)calculate the data provided by the GPS system and choose the less busy routes so as to 12)eliminate your worries of 13)getting stuck in a traffic jam.When you want to convert back from automatic control to manual control,that is easy.just press the right button 14)mounted on the steering column.But do remember not to take any alcoholic drinks.If I 15)detect the presence of alcohol in the 16)vapor of your breath,I will stop the car whether you like it or not.The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting notonly economy but also cultures of the word.It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues,and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries.Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the waypeople live, travel, and do business.The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, andhas opened
new market areas for business and commerce.The auto industry has also decreased the overall cost of transportation by using methods suchas mass production , massmarketing(, and globalization ofproduction(assembling products with parts made worldwide).A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, auto making becamethe world’S largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles builteach year worldwide.As a result of easier and faster transportation, the United States and world economies have become dependent on the mobility that automobiles,trucks,and buses provide.This mobility allowed remote populations to interact with one another,which increasedcom merce.The transportation of goods to consumers and consumers to goods has become an industryin itself.The automobile has also brought related problems,such as air pollution,congested traffic,and increased highway fatalities.Nevertheless,the automobile industry is to be an important source of employment andtransportation for millions of people worldwide.What is the best way to impress a 1)prospective employer when you go for a job interview? 2)As I see it ,the best things is to demonstate that you have 3)done your homework and know all about the firm 4)beforehand.You should make every 5)endeavor ,for example,to show that you know something about the 6)structure of the company ,including the different lines of products it turns out and the chief business 7)partners it is working with.8)Respond in a spontaneous manner and let the interviewer know that you are not frightened by new challenges,but are willing to 9)take a crack at anything.Try to look at the situation 10)from the standpoint of the person offering the opportunity of employment.What sort of qualities is he likely to be looking for ?Enthusiasm, certainly.So don not leave your application waiting until just before the deadline.Apply early.Another thing that can 11)make a difference 12)follow up your interview with a letter expressing your enthusiasm to join the company.When you get an invitation to a job interview, you are halfway toward your goal---a joboffer.No matter how many encouraging responses you have gotten to your job inquiry letters,with rare exceptions you will not get a job offer without an interview.Go to the library to find all relevant information about the company and, if you can, on theperson who will interview you.Have material with you that the employer might ask for---samples of your work, namesand addresses of references, extra copies of your resume.An employment manager for a major construction company offers this advice.“Ifit’s obvious you haven' t spent any time preparing for the interview---that is, youdon’t know what the company does, where it does it, what kinds of jobs it has----thendon’t expect the company to take you very seriously.Prior to an interview the employer has probably seen your resume and perhaps talked withyou on the phone.What employers look for in interviews is what you might call personal chemistry---how youlook and act, whether you exhibit self-confidence, how you would fit in with other membersof the organization.
第二篇：英语
2012年-成人高考专升本-英语作文范文15篇 及成人高考英语作文模版（八大作文类型）
第一篇
你是Alice，你的朋友Bonnie很快就要到你的乡间小屋拜访，但你却要出去一会儿。留一张便条给她，告诉她食品在哪儿，告诉她一个人在屋里时应注意些什么。May 18,2002 Dear Bonnie：
I will be away for a while.The key to the cottage is under the doormat,and the food is in the refrigerator.After entering the house,lock the door from inside at once.The cottage is far away from the nearest town,and the area is not quite safe from burglars.So I think the saying is right ‚Where there is precaution,there is no danger‛.Have a nice stay here.Yours, Alice 第二篇
你是张浩，一位办公室职员。有时感到乏味，很容易疲倦。你想加入一个俱乐部，改变一下这种状况，以便闲暇时间过的更快活。写了一封信给俱乐部经理介绍你的嗜好和兴趣。Dear Club Manager: I am writing to ask to join your club to enjoy my free time.I am a clerk.I often feel tense and become tired easily.Perhaps, I need to relax myself a bit.I hope to become a member of your club.I have many hobbies and interests.For example, I like photography, calligraphy and painting, dancing and singing.And I like going fishing, collecting stamps and raising flowers.Besides, I am good at playing Chinese chess and cards.Please write back and tell me if there are some formalities that I will have to go through.Thank you very much in advance.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,ZhangHao 第三篇
你是Helen，要写一封信给Julie，对她和她的丈夫昨日请你和你丈夫吃饭表示感谢，表示要回请他们，以答谢他们的盛情款待。Dear Julie：
Thank you very much for the dinner that you invited my husband and I to yesterday.The food not only looked and smelled fabulous but tasted great,and my husband and I enjoyed it very much.Therefore,we would like to invite you to dinner at 7p.m.this Friday at the Northwest Chinese restaurant to return your kindness and hospitality.Please do come.第四篇
你是王萍，写一封信给Jefferson先生。信件的内容包括：
1、一个月前，他邀请了你到他家过圣诞节。
2、你在他那里受到了热情款待。
3、信件末尾写上一句你认为必要的话。January 22,2005 Dear Mr.Jefferson: I am writing to thank you for your kindness and hospitality I enjoyed during my stay in your place.It is very kind of you to invite me to spend my Christmas holiday in your palace last month.The room you arranged for me in your house was quiet, clean and comfortable.The food was very delicious.And visits to local scenic spots were really wonderful.They have not only broadened my horizon, but also enriched my experience.By the way, if it is convenient for you, please come over and spend your Spring Festival this year in my place.Thank you very much again.Yours, Wang Ping
第五篇
你的朋友Glad要从另一个城市来看你。你将到机场去接他。但出于某种原因，你不能去了，写封信给他，解释原因，并告诉他如何到你家。May 18,2004 Dear Glad，I am writing to say that I will not be able to meet you at the airport next Monday morning.This morning my boss asked me to go to Shanghai on business tomorrow.It is something very important for our company and I will have to go.By the way, I will be back within 10 days.When you arrive, please take Bus No.345 and get off at the East Bus Station.The station is not far from my house and you will find my house easily.My mother is always at home.I told my mother that you would come already.Looking forward to seeing you.Yours, Li Ming
第六篇
你是高明，不能在下周一下午四点与李青女士想见。写一封信给她，内容应包括： 1.向她表示歉意； 2.解释你的原因； 3.提出把约会时间推后三天； 4.写上一句你认为有必要写的话 January 2, 2005 Dear Li Qing: I am writing to say I am sorry that I will not be able to go for the appointment at 4:00 p.m.on Monday next week.This morning I got an urgent phone call from my boss in Guangzhou, and he asked me to flight there at once to join him in an important business negotiation.The Negotiation has something to do with the future of our company.I will have to stay there for about a week.I hope to postpone the appointment for three days till Thursday next week.Phone me and let me know if it is O.K.to you.My apologies again.Looking forward to seeing you.Your friend Gao Ming
第七篇
你是王蒙，你的邻居太吵了，你实在是受不了了。写信给公寓楼管理员。内容包括： 1.什么使你受不了 2.你受到了什么影响 3.希望他做些什么 December 28, 2004 Dear Apartment Management Officer: I am writing to complain about my neighbor Mr.Black.Mr.Black lives next door to me, and he disturbs my life.He has a party almost every day.During these parties, people are making a lot of noise.They are dancing, laughing and shouting.They often do such silly things till early morning.What’s more, when they have drunk too much, they often quarrel and fight against each other.I can’t put up with all these.I can’t sleep well at night and my kid can’t concentrate on his studies.Please tell Mr.Black to stop all these things and respect others privacy.Looking forward to your reply.Faithfully, Wang Meng
第八篇
你叫李平，是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授，请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。May 19，2002 Dear Professor Wang： On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department，I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.We have planned to have such a lecture at 2：30 p.M.in Lecture Hall 419，on May 25.Looking forward to your lecture.Inform us in advance if you can not come.Sincerely yours，Li Ping 第九篇
1、在中国，自行车是最为流行的交通工具。
2、骑自行车有许多好处。
3、自行车的未来…… The Bicycle in China The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China.China is a country ‘on bicycle wheels’。
People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work.Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.There are many advantages to riding a bicycle.First，using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities.Second，people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.The future of bicycle will be bright.In some European countries，city governments have arranged pedestrians to use ‚public bicycles‛ to travel round the city center free of charge.第十篇
1、假冒伪劣商品是个严重问题。
2、一些原因导致了这种现象。
3、为了扫除假冒伪劣商品，……
Fake Commodities Fake and poor quality commodities are a serious problem.Many things can be faked such as soybean sauce，vinegar，bicycles，and many other things.The interests of consumers are affected，and many enterprises keep losing money because of cheap fake commodities.There are some reasons for such a phenomenon.The major one is the desire of some people to ‚make easy money‛。These people think nothing of the law of the protection of intellectual property rights.To get rid of fake and poor quality commodities，the government should educate people to obey the law of the protection of individual intellectual property rights and not to sell any fake goods.The government should punish severely and close down all the factories producing fake goods.第十一篇 男女应该平等吗？（Should Men and Women Be Equal？）Should Men and Women Be Equal？
People have different ideas this issue，Some people say that men are superior to women in ability because men are physically stronger，do most of the hard labor in the world and hold most important positions.Other people believe that women have the ability to compete with men.There have been many famous women state leaders and great scientists in the world.We should fully carry out the principle ‚to each according to his work‛ so that the enthusiasm of both men and women for work can be fully aroused.第十二篇
1.一些人喜欢住在城市，因为城市生活有许多便利。2.但有些人喜欢住在农村。3.我认为，……
Where to live in the City or in the Country Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages.They think there are more job opportunities in cities，life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country，and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health，life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city people.I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.第十三篇
金钱是一切吗？In Money Everything？ I don‘t think money is everything，but we can’t do without it.Fox example，money can‘t buy us happiness and a good education.And for another example，money can’t buy us good health and a long life.But we can not live without money.We need it for our daily necessities such as food，clothes and transportation.What‘s more，we need it to live a better life.In short，we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.第十四篇 1你喜欢什么运动
2你如何喜欢上这种运动
3运动对你有什么益处（工作、学习和生活）
Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball.It’s part of my life.I began to play basketball in my childhood.I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school.Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport---playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life.When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed.If there were worries and cares from daily life, I went to the sports ground.There everything went away except basketball.It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.第十五篇
My Favorite Sport（我最喜爱的运动）
My favorite sport is swimming.There are three reasons why I like the sport best.First, it is good for keeping fit.It benefits the heart, the lungs（肺）and the limbs（四肢）.Thanks to the sport, I lost my weight and I am graceful in form.Second, it is easy to find a place to swim.In the country, I can swim in lakes and rivers.In the city, there are many swimming pools spotted among the residential areas.Third, it can be done in any weather.It is very cool swimming in hot summer.In cold weather, swimming is especially refreshing.Swimming is a very popular sport.I hope you can enjoy it too.
第三篇：英语
1.用自己教学中的例子来说明我国现行学生学业评价改革中仍然存在的问题。
答：二十世纪，我国的基础教育在学业评价方面由于受传统教育思想的局限以及各种条件的制约，存在着诸多问题。
（1）评价主体比较单一。小学英语的学业评价几乎只限于教师对于学生的评价，很少有学生对学生、学生对教师、学生自我、教师自我的评价，不论是评价的主体还是评价的客体都显得单一与不足。教学本来是教师与学生双主体的多边活动，教学活动的展开要以教师和学生共同活动为表现形式。但受传统教育思想的影响，教师对学生的学业评价往往只局限于学生对知识的理解与把握情况，而缺少学生自己的反思环节，更缺少学生之间真正的讨论与交流。客观地讲，教师既没有给自己留评价学生、评价自我的时间，也没有留给学生评价教师、学生相互评价和自我评价的时间。
（2）评价内容较为片面。传统教学中教师对学生的学业评价通常只局限在知识的层面上，即使是在掌握知识、培养能力的背景下，对学生能力的培养也被一些教师理解为解题能力的培养，实质仍为知识范畴，而对于语言本身丰富的人文内涵、英语本身的语言实践功能却忽略了，对英语学习过程中的过程与方法、情感态度与价值观等方面的目标却很少顾及。这说明了对学生学业评价的片面性。基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力，综合语言运用能力的形成离不开文化意识的培养，它是运用语言的保证。
（3）评价方式比较单调。对学生的学业评价一般只局限于测验和考试的分数，或在课堂上正确与不正确等简单判断式的口头表达，而不能根据学生的年龄特点、教学内容特点和教学组织形式的多样性，进行与之相适应的评价，如将考试分数与言语描述相结合、定量测试与定性测试相结合、建立学生学习记录档案等多种形式。
（4）评价功能比较低下。传统的学生学业评价，其主要目的和功能是为选拔和甄别服务，通过学业评价把学生分成三六九等。由于长期以来都是通过分数给学生排队，给学生的身心发展造成了很多不利的影响，违背了教育以及青少年的身心发展规律。也就是说，评价没有对学生掌握知识、形成能力等智力因素起到积极的推动作用，同时也不利于学生非智力因素的开发与协调。
（5）评价层次比较浅显。从笔试或考试的试题来看，多是对学生陈述性知识掌握情况的评价；从课堂教学过程中对学生的评价来看，多是对问题问答结果的肯定或否定。一方面表现出评价的只是英语知识本身的再现情况，而对于知识的形成过程以及其所隐含的思维方法和获得知识过程中的体验缺少发展的评价；另一方面对于以英语知识为载体的培养情感态度与价值观方面缺少深刻的认识。
2.请阐述多元智能理论对学业评价的影响作用。
答：多元智能理论是由美国哈佛大学教育研究院的心理发展学家霍华德 加德纳(Howard Gardner)在1983年提出。加德纳从研究脑部受创伤的病人发觉到他们在学习能力上的差异，从而提出本理论。它对学业评价的影响作业主要体现在以下几方面：
（1）.评价主体多元化
评价不再是教师的事，同学、家长、学生自己都可以参与评价，这样的评价能发挥多方面的积极性。在多元化的教学评价主体中，教师起着重要的作用，他
是所有评价的发起者、主持者、协调者。因此，教师要结合小学生的年龄和心理特点把握好评价的定位：突出激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性。
（2）.评价内容多元化
在课堂教学中不再以学生的回答正确与否作为课堂评价的唯一依据，而是全面评价学生在多项不同智能中的表现，学生在不同智能中可以选择自己的强项进行表达，那么评价也应围绕学生所表现出来的智能进行肯定性评价，教师做到因材施教，因能而评。
（3）.评价方式多元化
这是评价主体多元化与内容全面化所决定的，也是“多元化”的课堂所决定的。除了传统的书面测试外，实验者还可以进行现场观察、提问、描述、答辩、面谈、随访、专题作业、对话表演、活动报告等等
3.举例说明你曾经使用过的小学英语作业的类型（使用此类作业的原因、学生的完成情况、喜欢程度以及对所学课本知识的消化和巩固作用等几个方面）。
答：（1）每日坚持听英语磁带，并要求家长检查并签字。通过听磁带可以提高学生听力的水平，完成情况较好，通过听磁带可以加深学生对课文的理解和记忆。
（2）每节课后，要求学生抄写新单词三遍。词汇量对于学习英语是一个关键，所以必须要求学生把单词记下来。完成情况一般，由于小学写的东西太多，有一部分学生很不认真。
（3）背诵英语课文并要求家长检查且签字。这个作业主要是为了培养学生读英语的能力，由于很多家长不会英语，加重了家长的负担，而且完成效果很不好。还需要教师进一步的辅导。
（4）上课前预习新课。这一个作业主要是为了解决小学英语教学课时较少的问题，把部分任务要求学生课下完成。完成效果不错，这样提高教师授课的效率。
4.举实例说明阅读理解题的命题原则和功能。答：命题时应注意以下几点原则:
一是选题内容积极健康，选题要新颖、独特，具有时代气息。二是题材要求广泛，忌用学生难以理解的材料，忌用术语。三是阅读材料中对本学段所教授的句型、语法现象复现率高，有利于考生复习巩固所学知识。
四是阅读词汇量不可太大，超标、超进度的词汇须加注。
五是题目的设置可以是主旨大意题、推理判断题、阅读猜词题等。功能：(1)、对文章主旨或段落大意的把握；（2）、对疑难、陌生词语的猜测；
（3）、对重要细节和数据的识别、记忆、比较和分析；（4）、逻辑推理和综合评判。
可见，英语阅读理解是对学生综合能力的考察。
5.小学英语听力试题中经常会存在哪些问题？针对这些问题你采取了哪些措施？
答：听力考试中我们容易出现这样或那样的问题，学生在听力考试中主要存在三个问题：
一、听不见，也听不懂——语言障碍
有的同学在做听力时遇到生单词、不认识的句型或语法现象，导致信息接收的困难。
措施：1.准备一个听写本，听课本上的单词录音，然后听写下来。这样做的好处是熟悉标准的单词发音，而不是像以前传统记单词那样，拿着一本书就开始自己心里默念然后抄写10遍，这样一旦自己发音错了，在考试的时候听到正确发音反而反应不过来了。
2.把以前做过的听力录音稿拿出来，按照场景来整理常见的词汇和短语表达。这样只要在考试中遇到相关场景，一定会碰到这几个词。当然场景还包括问候、介绍、告别、约会、问路、购物、打电话、就餐、问时间或日期、看医生、谈论天气，谈论人物、谈论学校生活等等。
3.关注时事，多阅读英文报刊或者借助网络来加大自己的语言知识储备。像是奥运会、即将召开的世博会等等，大家都该多积累一些专门的名词以及短语表达。只要平时比别人多积累，考试的时候就一定能见收获！
二、听见了，但听不懂——认知障碍
这种情况让很多同学很抓狂，很多人听出来了录音中的每一个词，可是拼到一起就不知道是什么意思了。
措施：1.把做过题目当中（包括听力、单选、完型、阅读）遇到过的日常用语、惯用语、俚语记在一个本子上，然后利用零散时间，比如在等公车、上学回家的路途中经常翻出来看看。久而久之，这些生僻的表达就不再成为同学考场上的拦路虎了。
2.跳出做题的范畴，闲暇时间多看看英美国家的影视资料，比如走遍美国、老友记以及许多经典的英文电影。这样，在我们娱乐的同时，既能更多地接触西方文化，又能积累习语、俚语，熟悉洋鬼子们的日常表达习惯。
三、根本听不进去——心理障碍
还有一类同学平时听力不错，可是一上考场就觉得耳朵不是自己的了，听什么都听不进去。他们心理上一紧张，就听不到录音，听不到录音又越发紧张，就越发地听不进去录音内容，这样就成了恶性循环。
措施：想想自己为什么会在听听力的时候紧张，大部分人是不是怕录音的人说得太快或是太紧凑，结果还没反应过来就已经过去了。针对这种情况，大家可以去网上下载一种可以改变音频播放速度的软件，这样在平时做听力的时候，把播放录音的速度调到正常语速的1.2-1.3倍（程度好的同学可以挑战1.4倍以上）来练习，这样等到正式考试听录音的时候，你会很神奇的发现录音中的人说话变得好慢，想不听懂都没办法。
6.你是如何设计填空试题的？
答：填空题是在一段文字里面故意空缺关键的词语或句子，让学生来填写的一类试题。在课后作业设计和考试命题中，填空题可以说是最常见的。填空题的优点是容易编写，学生答题可以根据试题提供的语言情境进行回忆，一次测验可以包括许多题目。因此，取样也是比较广泛的，它可以测量学生的术语、特定事实、方法和程序的知识目标，常常用来测量记忆性的学习材料。其缺点是难于测量综合、评价等高级认知目标，评分困难，容易助长学生死记硬背的习惯。
1.掌握填空题的基本要求
在出填空题时，要求填写的必须是重要的内容。不要将教科书的句子直接抄下来作为试题，而应有所变化，以免学生死记而不求理解。此外，还得注意以下几点基本要求。
（1）不能有许多要求填写的空白，否则，没有上下文，填写的内容就可能有分歧。
（2）每个空缺只能有一个正确答案。
（3）要求填充的空白必须排在学生容易看见的部位，免得学生漏答。（4）空白的长度相等并适当。如在几个要求填充的空白里，虽然要求填充的字数不等，但都按字数较多的那个空白划线。这样，可以防止学生因猜测而得到虚假的成绩。
2.突出基础性，重视基础知识检测
英语考试命题要引导广大教师在教学中通过听、说、读、写的扎实训练，指导学生正确地理解英语的运用情境，丰富语言表达，提高英语基本能力。填空题应该突出对基础知识的检查，引导学生重视对基础知识的掌握。
3.创设情境，去除死记硬背
英语课程标准强调培养学生在生活中学英语、用英语的意识。英语学习的外延与生活的外延相等，英语的学习是一个长期积累的过程，试题很重要的一个导向就是引导学生养成良好的英语学习习惯，积极倡导“得法于课内，运用于课外”的教学理念，为学生学习英语提供更大的空间和更多的自由。
4.注意检测知识与生活情境相结合
学生学英语的最终目的是要提高自己的口头和书面表达能力。考试试题在这方面要加强引导：要在链接生活情境中考查学生应用英语基本知识的能力。
7.请用你学生的一次考试结果分析他们解题能力的现状，并提出相应的整改措施。
答：解题能力的现状：
1、用英语交流的环境很少，甚至可说是没有。一周安排两至三节英语课，最多时也就四节，每节课40分钟，学生们接触英语的机会就仅此而已，因此，学生听英语、说英语、练英语的机会很少，他们缺少一个学习英语的语言环境；
2、小学生胆小，羞于说英语。从小受周围特定环境与家庭教育的影响，往往会显得胆小拘谨、不善言谈，缺少自信心理，又害怕会说错被老师批评，并且易落于机械的条文背诵的俗套，因而羞于说英语也不太敢说英语。而今借读生的比例逐年增加，要他们开口说英语的困难就更大了；
3、受母语干扰，尤其是低年级的孩子，在学拼音和学字母的双项学习中所受的干扰尤为显著，在教学过程中，最常见的现象是学生学了汉语拼音后产生负迁移，导致学生英语字母学不好，单词记不住，句子不会念。
4、受家庭教育与环境的影响。如今的家长们或许都意识到了学习英语的重要性，但是很多家长由于自身文化程度低，力不从心，无法给予孩子正确地辅导。也有部分家长缺乏责任心，自己贪图享乐（跳舞，搓麻将，唱卡拉OK），将子女托付与老人代管。甚至还有的家长认为只要把写的作业做好就可以了，像预习和听读录音的作业老师无法检查，做不做无所谓，也有的敷衍一下签上名字就算完事了，造成学生从小就没能养成很好的听音模仿的习惯；
改进措施与方法
1、课上课下强调发音、注重语感，鼓励学生多听磁带，多用英语交流。
2、对单词、短语和重点句型的背诵，并加大书写力度，多听写，可适当开展竞赛活动。
3、多练习，多讲评。
4、以课本为主，适度展开，适当提高，拓视野，长知识。
5、督促学生人手一套听力资料和教辅资料，从而保证学生能从听、说、读、写四方面进行练习。
6、对所学知识及时整理、归纳，以利于学生的掌握和复习。
7、对学生多鼓励、多肯定，激发其学习英语的兴趣，提高其学习英语的自信心。
8、利用校讯通多与家长沟通，督促学生多读、多写，多巩固，多复习，并及时交流学生的学习情况。
8.如何培养学生在解题时的思考能力？
答：“思考”指针对某一个或多个对象进行分析、综合、推理﹑判断等思维的活动。在平时教学中要鼓励学生独立思考，勤于动脑，自觉地分析解决遇到的难题，千万不能把现成的答案告诉学生，或要学生死背答案、范文。魏书生老师的一句话很好地总结了这种行为：“教师不替学生说学生自己能说的话，不替学生做学生自己能做的事，学生能讲明白的知识尽可能让学生讲。”
首先，教师要注意激发学生的思考欲望，善于提出启发学生思考的问题，形成学生发现问题、提出问题的良好品质；
其次，教师要注意提供适量的思考依据，培养学生有根据、有条理、有秩序地进行思考的习惯；
第三，要留给学生充分思考的时间，让学生在教师的指导下，充分发挥个人的见解，主动探索新知，多渠道、多角度地寻求解决问题的方法，促使思维水平的逐步提高。
教师应该通过作业的讲评，分析解题中错事出现的原因，沟通师生之间的信息交流，以达到提高学生审题能力的目的。通过作业的讲评，学生能认识到存在错误的原因。教师利用讲评，进一步补充一些练习题供学生思考，引导学生主动去探索、发现，把学生的思维积极地调动起来。
第四篇：英语
我爱我城：Irena的布拉格
内容来源：本站原创 网站编辑：Viola 发布时间：2014.09.10
曾有人说，布拉格最大的博物馆就是城市本身，那里的建筑展现出了丰厚的历史底蕴，例如泰恩教堂（Tyn Church）和天文钟塔（Astronomical Clock）。（摄影：TowPix，eStock Photo）
Irena Schlosserová是一个彻头彻尾的布拉格本地人。事实上，她离开心爱的捷克首都的时间只有九个月而已。尽管Irena现在从事美食领域的工作，但她仍会通过Spotted by Locals找时间抒发对家乡的自豪之情。Irena承认，布拉格也有不少的旅游陷阱，但她呼吁游客离开那些常规路线，转而进入这座百塔之城真正的心脏地带。阅读这篇文章将是一个很好的开始。
布拉格是我家
每当有人来拜访我的时候，我会首先把他们带到一处隐藏的咖啡馆或者当地的啤酒吧，在那里稍事休息，准备参观美丽的布拉格。在这几个小时里，其他游客似乎都神奇地消失了，绿树成荫的布拉格街道空荡荡的，等待着我们。
春季和初秋是参观这座城市最适宜的季节，因为此时，人潮不再拥挤，而城市却魅力依旧，且气候宜人。
在维谢赫拉德城堡上看到的景色，这是一处颇具历史的城堡，位于布拉格的市中心。（摄影：Miaow Miaow，Wikimedia Commons）
你最好从不同的地方来欣赏这座城市，因为布拉格是一个山特别多的地方！参观维谢赫拉德城堡（Vyšehrad）或者Dívčí Hrady可以得到灵感，到Chotkovy Sady则可以进一步开展城堡之旅，或者只是简单的迷失在佩特任山上也别有一番情趣，在那里你没准会发现最爱的风景。
当地人知道在白天避开人满为患的旧城区，选择布拉格那些鲜为人知的隐蔽的地方，比如Prokopské údolí。
Manufaktura商店是购买正宗的当地特产的好去处。当然，你必须做出明智的选择——躲开那些卖假货的嘈杂的水晶商店，除非你想要俄罗斯的仿制品。
过去，一些名人，如小说家弗朗茨·卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）、科幻小说作家卡雷尔·恰佩克（Karel Čapek，他创造了“机器人”这个词），还有英年早逝的古典音乐大师沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart），都把这座城市称为故乡。
我的城市里最好的博物馆就是布拉格自身；我们的市政厅正试着为子孙后代保护这座城市。
想在这座城市四处观光，那一定不能错过22路电车，它会带着你去到这座小镇里最热门的观光景点。
打发户外时光的最佳地点是布拉格的众多公园之一，总会有一座公园在你附近。例如Riegrovy Sady就是去Žižkov酒吧探索之前不错的集合点，维谢赫拉德城堡可以知道不少关于捷克的历史，拉德龙卡公园（Park Ladronka）则会让你健康永驻。
这座城市知道如何庆祝捷克曲棍球获胜，因为我们喜欢到机场迎接队伍凯旋，彻夜在大街小巷举办聚会。
先知为快：城市电车是一个不错的代步工具。（摄影：ctankcycles, Flickr）
在城区以外，你可以参观一些老城堡，欣赏美丽的田园风光——乘坐火车即可到达。我最喜欢的火车站之一是Praha-Dejvice。
最好的露天市集是河岸上的Náplavka。你可以通过步行到那里，在它的尽头是我挚爱的红酒商店Na břehu Rhony。
当地的面包店是我最喜欢的享用早餐的地方，Národní Třída电车车站是深夜寻吃的好去处。
我的城市里最大的体育盛事大概要算大众布拉格马拉松赛跑。对那些喜欢跑步的人来说，这是“一定要参加的”活动。对布拉格的其他当地人来说，这则是“无论如何一定要避开市中心的”活动。
当我没什么钱的时候，就会买一罐啤酒，因为啤酒比水要便宜。
如果说我的城市是一位名人，那一定是爱出风头、天赋异禀、技巧卓然的名人，不过偶尔也会举止失当。
最能代表这座城市的菜肴当属Svíčková omáčka，这是用蔬菜做成的丰盛的饺子（但不是素食的），啤酒在这里是标志性的饮品，因为它是大餐的完美补充。你可以在Hospoda U veverky品尝到，或者偶尔也可以在酒吧天堂，如Zlý Časy遇到。
冬季必做：考察布拉格的圣诞市场。（摄影：querin, Flickr）
布拉格塔公园是我最喜欢的建筑，因为你在城市的每一个地方几乎都可以看到它——你绝对不会错过它。
“素食”餐里有培根这只可能发生在这座城市。
春天，应该尽可能多地待在公园里，享受百花盛开的大自然。
夏天，应该成为一个啤酒爱好者，给自己降降温，在最热的天气里饱览布拉格的风光。
秋天，可以去参观因为拥挤一直敬而远之的景点。
冬天，不妨看一看风景如画的圣诞市场，喝点儿加了香料的红酒。
夏天的时候，还可以在布拉格国家剧院旁的伏尔塔瓦河上租一条明轮船。（摄影：zoonabar，Flickr）
如果你带着孩子（或者你童心未泯），那决不能错过荡舟伏尔塔瓦河（Vltava River）的好机会，这条河位于布拉格国家剧院（Prague National Theathre）旁。
关于这座城市最好的书是Angelo Maria Ripellino所写的《神奇的布拉格》（Magical Prague），因为他发自真心地爱着布拉格。
想起布拉格时，我的脑海中就会浮现出一首歌，这是名为“伏尔塔瓦河”的交响诗，多伊齐·斯美塔那（Bedřich Smetana）创作这首交响诗是为了赞颂这条环绕布拉格的河。
用140个以内的字来概括，全世界都应该热爱我的城市，因为它独一无二，将会解放你的思想，打开你的内心，绝对值得你投入感情。
第五篇：英语好句
说明：题库来源于ETS官方网站，六月初我开始备考时按照新修订后的指导语的不同对其进行了分类，分类时顺便对其进行了翻译，因时间仓促，可能会存在一些错误之处，欢迎留言指正。
对于这份题库，时间紧或不喜读英文的朋友可以快速过一篇中文以期了解GRE的issue部分所主要考察的领域和话题，做到心中有数，并在日常的学习和思考中留心相关的信息，作为有效的备考资料。
This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE® revised General Test.When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool.Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue.The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here.Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.148题 指导语1 Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.指导语：文章中讨论你是在多大程度上同意或者不同意题目的论点，并解释你选取这一立场的原因。在发展及支持你的论点时，你应该考虑那些使得论点成立或者不成立的方面，并解释你的这些考虑是如何使其形成你所持有的观点的。54题。
1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.随着人们越来越依靠于技术来解决问题，人类自己独立思考的能力会确定无疑地退化。
2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.要想理解一个社会最为重要的特点，就必须研究这个社会的各主要城市。3.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.在任何努力领域，如果没有受到那个领域过去的成就的强烈影响就不可能做出重大的贡献。继承与创新
4.People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.人们的行为在很大程度上是取决于外力而非其自己所做出的选择。
5.Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.正规教育倾向于限制我们的想法和精神而不是使他们得到解放。
6.The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.当一个社会的大多数人们都质疑权威时，这个社会的福利安康就得到了提升。
7.Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.法律应该是足够灵活的，可以考虑各种不同的情形和时空。灵活的法律？ 8.The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育/训练的最佳方式就是鼓励积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。
9.The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.当代生活的奢侈与便利阻碍了个体真正的坚强与独立。10.In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.在任何探索未知的领域，初学者比专家更有可能做出重要的贡献。11.The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一个伟大国家的最为适切的指标并非是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就，而是它的国民整体上的福利。12.As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.随着我们掌握的知识日益增多，事情并非变得更易理解，而是变得更加复杂和神秘。
13.In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.在任何情形下，想要取得进步，要求持有互相冲突观点的人们进行充分讨论。14.It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.我们主要是通过对于社会群体的认同，才得以定义我们自己。
15.The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.一个人是否伟大只能由生活于其后的人们而非其同时代者来做出评价。
16.Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.学生应该始终质疑自己所学到的知识而不是被动的接受它们。
17.The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.当今日益增快的生活节奏引发的问题超过了它所解决的问题。
18.Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.为获得高分而竞争严重的限制了所有水平教育的学习质量。
19.If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.如果一个目标是值得的，那么任何用以实现这一目标的途径/手段都是合理的。
20.In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.对任何一门艺术（如电影、小说、诗歌、歌曲）而言，要想具有优点，它就必须为大多数人所理解。
21.Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.许多重要的发现或创造是随机的：通常是在寻求某一问题的答案的同时我们找到了另外一个问题的答案。
22.The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.学习历史的主要好处是可以打消那种认为当下的人们与生活在以往时代的人们迥然不同的这种错觉。
23.Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline;students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.学习主要是个体的自觉自律的事儿，学生们无法仅仅被学校或者大学学院本身所激励。
24.Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.领导者是由其所处位置的要求所创造的。
25.There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.对整个社会而言，没有什么道义上的理由来付出巨大的努力——尤其是以众多金钱和劳力为代价——来拯救那些濒危的动物或植物。26.The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.人的大脑总是优于机器，因为机器只是人脑的工具。
27.People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.那些深深投入到一个想法或一项政策中的人往往也对其最具评判性。
28.Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.年轻人应该被鼓励追求长远的，可实现的目标而不是寻求即时的声名和认可。
29.Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.通晓过去无法帮助人们在当代做出重要的决策。
30.In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.在这个媒体覆盖面日益深广的时代，一个社会不再有可能将其尚在人世的男人或女人视作英雄人物。31.We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.与那些与我们观点相悖的人们相比，我们通常从那些和我们持有共同观点的人身上学到的东西更多。32.The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.理解当代文化最为有效的方式是分析这一文化下年轻人的趋势。33.People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.人们的态度取决于他们当下的情形或环境而不是社会这个整体。
34.The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.技术进步最为主要的目标是增加人们的效率从而使其得享更多的闲暇时光。
35.Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.不幸的是，在当代社会，创造一个有吸引力的形象已经变得比这一形象背后的现实或真相更为重要的事了。
36.Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.尽管视频录像、电脑以及网络等创新似乎为学校提供了用以指导学生的方法，这些技术全部都过于使学生从真正的学习中分心了。
37.The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.最好的想法源于对于常见事物产生富有激情的兴趣。
38.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.在大多数专业或者学术领域，想象力比知识更为重要。
39.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.想要成为一个有效的领导者，一个公共的官员必须要持有最高的伦理和道德标准。
40.Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.在任何既定领域，对于工作的关键决断都没有什么价值，除非这一决断是来自于这一领域的专家。
41.Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.要求大学生在本身的专业学习领域之外学习广泛的课程是确保学生获得真正教育的最为有效的途径。42.Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.那些迅速、轻易就受到群众/大众观点的变动所影响的领导者注定会一事无成。
43.Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.政府官员应该依赖自身的决断而不是毫不质疑的执行其所服务的人民的意志。
44.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.一个国家应该要求它的全体学生学习相同的全国性课程直到这些学生升入大学。
45.It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.主要是在城市中，一个国家的文化传统得以产生和保存。
46.We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.与那些和我们观点冲突的人相比，我们可以从那些和我们持有相同观点的人身上学到更多。
47.When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.当旧的建筑物所在的场地被当代的计划者认为可以更好的用于当代的目的时，当代的发展应该优先于对历史建筑的保存。
48.All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.所有的大学生都会从在一个海外国家学习至少一个学期的经历中获益。
49.Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生在那些其不可能获得成功的领域中苦苦追求。
50.It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them.与坚持自己的信念相比，对信念予以妥协更加的有害。
51.No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.没有一个学习领域能够取得显著的进步除非能够从这个领域之外整合知识和经验。52.True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.真正的成功只能从个体自己所设立的目标的角度来予以衡量。
53.The best test of an argument is the argument's ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.检验一个argument的最好办法是看其对于持有相反观点的人们的信服力。
54.The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.检测一个国家的领导者的有效性的最好指标就是检视这个国家民众的幸福安康程度（well-being）。
指导语2
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim.In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.讨论你在多大程度上同意或者不同意题目中的观点，在发展和支持你的立场时，确保使用那些最具说服力的原因和/或例证来挑战你所持有的立场。24题 1.Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生追求那些他们不可能在其中取得成功的领域。
2.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.丑闻是有用的，因为它可以以一种任何发言者或改革家可以做到的方式使我们将注意力集中在问题上。
3.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每名学生都在自己所学的领域之外学习多种不同的课程。
4.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.教育机构应该主动的鼓励他的学生选择那些可以为其带来丰厚收入的职业的学习领域。
5.The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.最好的训导方式——无论是作为教育者，雇主或者父母——就是赞赏积极的行动而忽视消极的行为。6.Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.教师的工资应该基于他所负责的学生的学业成绩表现。
7.College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.大学生应该将学习领域的选择基于在那个领域获得工作的可得性。
8.Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.社会中的每个个体的责任是遵守公正的法律以及违抗和抵制不公正的法律。
9.It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.一个社会已经不可能将其尚在人世的男人或女人视作英雄。
10.The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.衡量一个国家领导者的有效性的最佳方式就是检视这个国家国民的幸福程度。
11.All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.所有的父母都应该被要求自愿提供时间给他们孩子所在的学校。12.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.一个国家应该要求它所有的学生学习相同的全国课程直到学生进入大学。
13.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.学院或大学应该要求学生在一个海外国家渡过至少一个学期。
14.People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.人们的行为在很大程度上取决于外在的强力而非自己所做的决定。
15.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.成为一个有效的领导者，公共官员应该维持最高的伦理和道德标准。16.Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.在任何既定的领域，对作品的评断都没有什么价值，除非这一评断来自于该领域的专家。
17.In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.在任何领域——商业、政治、教育、政府管理——那些当权者应在五年之后走到台下。
18.The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.理解一个社会的特点的最好方式就是检视这个社会选作英雄或者角色模范的男人或女人的特点。
19.The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.一个社会装备其年轻人在政府、工业或者其他领域的领导力的最佳方式就是向他们灌输合作感，而非竞争精神。20.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.在大多数职业和学业领域，想象力比知识更为重要。
21.The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.一个伟大国家最为适切的指标不是他的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就，而是它的全体国民的整体幸福安康的程度。22.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.教育机构应该主动的鼓励他们的学生选择那些工作机会丰富的领域进行学习。
23.The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.一个伟大国家最为适切的指标不是他的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就，而是它的全体国民的整体幸福安康程度。24.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.国家应该通过法律来保存任何尚存的荒野地区使其保持自然状态。
指导语3
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.讨论你在多大程度上同意或者不同意题中的建议并解释你持有这一立场的理由。在发展和支持你的立场时，请描述一些具体的情形，此时采纳该建议会具有优势/劣势，并解释这些例子（你所列举的情形）是如何塑造了你当前持有的立场的。24题 1.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.一个国家应该要求其所有学生学习相同的全国课程直至学生们升入大学。
2.Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.政府应该重点解决今日的紧急问题而非未来的预期问题。
3.Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.政府应该对于科学研究和发展施以最低限度的限制。
4.Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.政府应该提供给所有学生免费的学院和大学教育。
5.Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.政府不该资助任何其后果不明朗的研究。
6.Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.政府应该挑选/识别出那些具有特殊天分的儿童，并为其提供早期的训练以发展孩子们的才能。
7.College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.大学生应该被鼓励追求他们感兴趣的学科，而不是那些更容易找到工作的课程。8.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求学生们在所学领域之外修读广泛的课程。9.Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.教育者应该探寻学生们在课程中想要什么然后提供给他们。10.Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.只有在学生们已经学习了有助其掌握特定事实的相关想法、趋势以及概念之后，教育者才应该教授这些事实。
11.Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.政府官员应该依赖自身的决断而不是毫不质疑的执行其所服务的选民的意志。12.Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.年轻人应该被鼓励追求长远的、现实的目标而不是寻求即时的声名和认可。
13.The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.传授的最佳方式是赞赏积极的行为而忽略那些消极的行为。
14.In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体，所有的大学生都应该被要求参加一些课程，在其中，他们可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话以及其他类型的富有想象力的文学。15.Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.科学家和其他研究者应该将其研究选定在最有可能使大多数人受益的领域。
16.Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.政治家应该寻求共同的立场和合理的一致意见，而不是那些晦涩难描的理想。17.People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.人们只有在充分的考虑危险行动的后果之后才应该从事这些行为。18.Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.当一个国家的众多国民还处于饥饿和失业中时，这个国家应该停止政府对于艺术的资助。
19.All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.所有的父母都应该被要求为子女所在的学校贡献一些时间。
20.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.学院和大学应该要求其学生在一个海外国家至少学习一个学期。
21.Teachers' salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.教师的薪水应该基于他们教授的学生的学业表现。
22.Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.在设计所教授课程的内容时，教育者应该将学生的兴趣也考虑在内。23.Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.教育者对于学生学习的评估不该基于学生掌握了多少事实，而应该是学生解释这些事实所阐释的想法、趋势以及概念的能力。
24.College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.大学生对于学习领域的选择应该基于那个领域当中工作的可得性。
指导语4
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.讨论你在多大程度上同意或者不同意题中的论断以及论断所依据的理由。19题
1.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.论点：政府必须确保其主要城市获取发展繁荣所需的财政支持。
Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.理由：主要是在城市，一个国家的文化传统得以保存和产生。2.Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.在任何领域——商业，政治，教育，政府——掌权者应该在上任五年后让位于人。
Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.对任何事业而言，最可靠地获取成功的路径就是通过新的领导来获取新生。3.Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.理解一个社会特点的最好的方式就是检视这个社会所选定的英雄或者角色典范。
Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.英雄和角色典范解释了一个社会的最高的理想。4.Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.在设计课程时，教育者应该考虑他们学生的兴趣和建议。
Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.当学生对所学内容深感兴趣时，他们更容易受到激励去学习5.Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.一个社会不再可能将尚存人士的男人或女人视作英雄。
Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.任何受到媒体检视的人的声誉终将受损而减少。
6.Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.与那些与我们意见相左的人相比，我们通常可以从那些和我们持有相同观点的人身上学到更多。Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.意见不同可以引起压力并抑制学习。
7.Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study.大学应该要求每个学生在所学专业领域之外学习一系列广泛的课程。
Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.获取多种不同学科的知识是真正受到教育的最佳途径。8.Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.检测一个argument的最好方式是看其说服持有相反观点的人们的能力。Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.9.Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.任何被指称为事实的信息都应予以怀疑，因为它很有可能在将来就被证明是错误的。
Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.大多数被人们认为是事实的信息实际上都被证明是错误的。
再没有找到更好更明确的道理之前，姑且信之，但是要保持开放的心态接受新的思想和证据。
10.Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.当国家的众多国民处于饥饿和失业时，这个国家应该停止政府对于艺术的资助。
Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.这是不适宜的——甚至是残忍的——当人们的基本需求尚未满足时还使用公共资源来资助艺术。11.Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system.许多当代社会的问题无法通过法律和司法系统加以解决。
Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.法律无法改变人们的内心想法和观念。
12.Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.想象力是一种比实际经验更为有价值的资源/资产。
Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.缺少经验的人可以自由的想象各种可能，而不必受到已经形成的习惯和态度的限制。
13.Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.一个伟大国家最为适切的指标不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就。
Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.一个伟大国家最为适切的指标实际上是这个国家全体人民的整体福利。
14.Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.一个伟大国家最为适切的指标必然是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就。
Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.一个国家的统治者、艺术家或者科学家所取得的成就可以确保这个国家的大多数国民过上良好的生活。
15.Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.科研学者不应将自己的研究仅仅限制在那些可以做出即时的使用的应用的发现的领域。
Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.人们无法确定无疑的预测研究路线的结果。
16.Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.了解过去无法帮助当下的人们做出重要决策。
Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.今日的世界相比哪怕稍微之前的那个世界已经变得日益复杂。
17.Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.了解过去无法帮助当下的人们做出重要决策。
Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.我们无法在当下的事件和过去的事件中找到连结，除非我们可以对两者都保有一定的距离。
18.Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.重要的政策决定应该总是留给政治家和政府管理专家来决定。
Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.政治家和其他政府专家比普罗大众拥有更多的学识因而拥有更佳的决断和视角。19.Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.学院或者大学应该具体化全部的必修课程并减少选修课程以确保为学生提供清晰的指导。
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.大学生——大众也是这样——更喜欢遵照指导而非是自己做出决定。指导语5
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.讨论那一种视角/观点与你的论点更为一致，解释你所选择观点的原因。在发展和支持你的论点的过程中，你应该对题中所呈现的多种视角都与以考察和解决。15题
1.Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people.Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.有些人相信政府资助艺术是必要的——确保艺术可以繁荣并为全体人民所得。另一些人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。
2.Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.有人认为政治领导人要想有效，就应该屈从与公众的意见，同时为了妥协的缘故摒弃自己的原则。另一些人认为，一个有效领导的最为核心的品质就是始终坚守特定的原则和目标的能力。
3.Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study.Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.有人认为大学生在选择学习领域时应该只考虑其自己的才能和兴趣。另一些认为大学生应该以工作的可获得性为标准来选择自己所从事的领域 4.Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.有人认为社会应该拯救每一种植物和动物，无论人们在努力，时间、物质利益上所付出的代价几何。另一些人则认为社会不需要为此付出超绝的努力，尤其是以大量金钱和劳力为代价来拯救这些濒危物种。
5.Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.有人认为教育的目的是为了解放观念和精神。其他人则认为正式的教育倾向于限制我们的观念和精神而不是使其得到解放。
6.Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.有人认为对于政治领导者而言，不想公众透露信息时常是必要的，甚至是值得做的。另一些人认为公众有权利充分的知情。
7.Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens.Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.有人认为社会要想繁荣，就该把这个社会的整体的成功置于社会的个体公民的well-being之前。其他人认为一个社会的well-being唯一的评量标准就是这个社会全体人民的welfare。
8.Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve.Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.有人相信政府官员必须执行其所服务的选民的意志。另一些人则认为，官员们应该给予自己的决断来做出定夺。9.Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us.Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.有人认为科学发现已经使得我们对于周遭的世界有了更好的了解。另一些人则认为科学向我们揭示了世界比我们之前对其的认识更为无限复杂。
10.Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.有人声称人们可以通过观察一个国家的统治者、艺术家和科学家所取得的成就来辨别这个国家是否伟大。另一些人则声称一个伟大国家最为适切的指标事实上是这个国家全体人民的整体welfare。
11.Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state.Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.有人声称，一个国家的政府应该保护它的野生荒地使其保持自然状态。另一些人则声称这些区域应该予以开发以取得潜在的经济获益。12.Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive.Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.有人声称在政府、商业或其他领域的成功的的领导者必定是具有高度的竞争性的。另一些人则声称，为了取得成功，领导者必须愿意并且能够与他人合作。
13.Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate.Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.有人认为公司有责任来增进其于其中运营的社会和环境的well-being。另一些人则认为，假定公司的运营遵守了相关法律，那么公司的唯一责任就是尽可能多的赚钱。14.Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom.Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.有人认为出于对高分的竞争可以激励学生在课堂上胜出。其他人则认为这种竞争会严重限制学生真实的学习质量。15.Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.有人认为大学应该要求学生在所学领域之外修读一系列广泛的课程。另一些人则认为在学生选定的领域内除了那些可以为其将来的工作有所准备的课程之外，大学不应强制学生修读任何课程。
指导语6
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.讨论你对题中政策的观点，并解释你持有这一观点/立场的理由。在发展和支持你的立场时，请考虑实施这一政策的可能后果，并解释这些潜在后果是如何影响/塑造了你的立场。12题
1.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.国家应该通过法律来保护其野生的区域出于自然状态下，即使这些区域可以通过发展而带来商业利益。2.Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.政府应该提供给每一名被大学录取但是却无力承担学费的学生免费的大学教育。
3.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.国家应该要求她的学生学习相同的全国课程直至他们进入大学学习
4.Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.社会应该做出努力来拯救那些濒危的物种，前提是这些物种所面临的灭绝情形是由人类的活动所造成的。
5.Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构应该劝阻学生在那些他们不可能取得成功的领域继续专研。
6.Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.政府部分不该资助那些研究结构尚未明朗的科学研究。7.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.教育机构应该主动鼓励学生选择那些工作机会丰富的领域进行学习。
8.Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.学院和大学应该要求所有的教员都在学术领域之外从事与自己教学工作相关的职业。
9.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.学院和大学应该要求他们的学生在一个海外国家至少学习一个学期。
10.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求学生在所学领域之外修读一系列广泛的课程。11.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.教育机构应该主动鼓励学生选择那些可以提供丰富就业机会的学习领域。12.In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.在任何领域——商业、政治、教育以及政府管理——那些当权者应该在上任五年后卸任。
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