第一篇:高一英语第七讲(范文)
定语从句专练
1.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs.A.whileB.thereC.thenD.where
2.They talked of things and persons ________ they remembered.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
3.Honestly speaking, you have got to the point ______a change is needed, or you would fail.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
4.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge.A.from whichB.after thatC.after whichD.from this
5.Keep away from such things_____ will do you harm.A.asB.thatC.to whichD.which
6.---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.whyB.whereC.howD./
7.I will never forget the days ___________ I spent with you.A.thatB.asC.whenD.while
8.I will never forget the days ___________ we first met.A.thatB.asC.whenD.while
9.Last year I bought an apartment, _______ was reasonable.A.which priceB.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose
10.Do you think the reason ____ he gave is believable?
A.whyB.whenC.whereD.which
11.That is the reason ____ he came to see you.A.whyB.whenC.whereD.which
12.Is this the museum ____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A.thatB.whereC.asD.whose
13.Is this the museum ____ your parents worked?
A.thatB.whereC.asD.whose
14.The old temple ______ the roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A.whereB.of whichC.itsD.whose
15.Happiness and success often come to those _____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
16.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s
long-held dreams come true.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
17.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
18.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and
shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what
19.Life is like a long race ___ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A.whatB.whyC.thatD.where
20.The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A.thatB.itC.asD.what
2013各地高考英语试题单选汇编定语从句
1.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ____ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held
dreams come true.(2013安徽卷)
A.itB.thatC.whatD.which.2.Happiness and success often come to those _____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南卷)
A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
3.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.(2013江西卷)
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how
4.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_______are family members.(2013江西卷)
A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom
5.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.(2013山东卷)
A.asB.thatC.whenD.where
6.Finally he reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world.(2013山东卷)
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
7.________is often the casewith children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013陕西卷)
A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As
8.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ____I would be staying.(2013新课标卷2)
A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
9.He may win the competition, _____he is likely to get into the national team.(2013辽宁卷)
A.in which caseB.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case
10.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China______he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013江苏卷)
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
11.Many countries are now setting up national parks ________animals and plants can be protected.(2013北京卷)
A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where
12.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.(2013浙江卷)
A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom
13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _____ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013浙江卷)
A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why
14.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_______they live.(2013四川卷)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where
15.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.(2013福建卷)
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
16.We have launched another man-made satellite,______is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013天津卷)
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
1-5 DABCA6-10 DACBD11-15 AABBB16-20 BDBDC
2013定语从句:1-5 DBCDA6-10 CDCAB11-16 DDBDAB
第二篇:第七讲 《聊斋志异》
第七讲 《聊斋志异》
传统的文言短篇小说发展到清初,出现了集大成之作,这就是蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》。
一《聊斋志异》的作者蒲松龄
蒲松龄(1640—1715)字留仙,别号柳泉,山东淄川(今淄博市)人。远祖蒲鲁浑为元代般阳路总管,其后代于元亡时易姓,明初又复姓蒲,故有蒲松龄为蒙古族之说。松龄之父名槃,学识渊博,但困于童生,终因家贫而弃儒经商。松龄自幼聪敏,博览经史,有文才。作为中国封建社会的知识分子,他亦热衷科举,19岁(顺治十五年,1658)考取秀才,他的文章受到主考施闰章的称赞;但此后则屡试不第。31岁时,应聘为同乡进士宝应县知县孙蕙的“幕宾”,代为书札、告示及应酬文字。这与他的性格和志向是相违的,因此仅一年即北归故里。此后,便开始了他的长达40年之久的设帐教书生涯,其间有很长一段时间在同县乡宦毕氏家中作塾师。毕家藏书万卷,与四方名士多有交往,这为蒲松龄读书写作和交游提供了条件。此后四十年间,蒲松龄多次应举,但终不第。他每每顾影自悲,“数卷残书,半窗寒烛,冷落荒斋里”,耗尽了他的生命。直到71岁,才援例出贡。辞馆归家后,生活凄苦,76岁去世。
贫寒的境遇,使蒲松龄接触了下层社会,特别是农村生活;长期的设帐生涯,又使他观察到社会的各个层面,接触到各种人物;屡试不第的经历,更使他对社会生活,对文人的处境有了深切的体验。这一切,正是他能够创作出不朽的《聊斋志异》的根本原因。
蒲松龄一生著述甚多,除《聊斋志异》外,还有诗、文、词、戏曲、杂著、俚曲等多种样式的著作,并结集传世。《聊斋志异》是他的代表作。他在《聊斋自志》中说:
才非干宝,雅爱搜神;情类黄州,喜人谈鬼。闻则命笔,遂以成篇。久之,四方同人又以邮筒相寄,因而物以好聚,所积益伙。
这充分说明,《聊斋志异》是在广泛搜集民间故事、传说的基础上创作而成的。全书共四百九十余篇,在作者生前即以抄本传世。近年中华书局的会校会注会评本,采录较为完备,共491篇。
二《聊斋志异》的思想倾向
蒲松龄对黑暗的封建社会有深切的体验,他在《与韩刺史樾依书》中说:“仕途黑暗,公道不彰,非袖金输璧不能自达于圣明,真令人愤气填胸,欲望望然哭向南山而去!”《聊斋志异》正是作者借鬼狐花妖故事寄托“孤愤”的作品。
王士祯曾为《聊斋志异》题辞云:“姑妄言之姑听之,豆棚瓜架雨如丝,料应厌作人间语,爱听秋坟鬼唱时”。说是“姑妄言之”,却道出了《聊斋志异》的主旨。王士祯与毕际有关系密切,际有及其兄际壮之妻皆为王士祯的从姑母。通过毕际有,蒲松龄与王士祯颇有交往,王士祯对蒲松龄有很高的评价:“新城王渔洋先生素奇其才,谓非寻常流辈所及”。(《淄川县志》)因此,王士祯的这首题辞,应看作是对蒲松龄和《聊斋志异》不仅十分器重而且十分理解的知音者的评析。蒲松林之所以“厌作人间语”,“爱听秋坟鬼唱时”,就因为“人间”的丑恶太多了,由人类组成的这个社会太黑暗了;而被人类视为“异类”的狐妖鬼蜮却比满口仁义道德的“人类”善良得多,美好得多。乾隆年间曾帮助赵起杲整理刊行《聊斋志异》的进士余集(字蓉裳,号秋宝)在《聊斋志异序》中说:“世固有服声被色,俨然人类;叩其所藏,有鬼蜮之不足比,而豺虎之难与方者,下堂见虿,出门触蜂,纷纷沓沓,莫可穷诘。惜无禹鼎铸其情状,镯镂决其阴霾,不得已而涉想于杳冥荒怪之域:以为异类有情,或者尚堪晤对;鬼谋虽远,庶其警彼贪淫。呜呼!先生之志荒,而先生之心苦矣!”这恰恰是渔洋题辞的注脚。既然人世间的“服声被色”者比“鬼蜮”、“豺虎”还不如,而“异类”却又“有情”、“尚堪晤对”,那么,《聊斋志异》对鬼狐花妖的赞美,正是对世间丑恶的鞭挞!
蒲松林笔下的很多狐女形象,不仅容貌美丽,而且往往显示着纯真、善良和有才干的人格。《婴宁》中的婴宁,天真憨直,爽朗任性,时时都会毫无顾忌地放声大笑,甚至在婚礼时,也因笑极,不能俯仰”而作罢。她真诚对待自己的丈夫,如实告诉他“妾本狐产”;她对抚养过自己的“鬼母”,也极尽子女之道;与此同时,她也无情地惩罚了那个淫邪的“西邻子”。《娇娜》中的娇娜,是个绝世美丽的狐女。孔生重病时,娇娜以自己的高超的医术竭力医治,而且作者还特别强调,在治病时,她的美丽就足以使孔生减轻病痛。后来,当孔生为救助娇娜一家而被雷击致死时,娇娜表现了极其真挚的情义:“孔郎为我而死,我何生矣!”于是又一次救活孔生。这些美丽、纯正、善良而有才干的狐女,都是作者倾注了极大的爱而塑造成功的形象。作者赞美她们,歌颂她们,正表达了对人世丑恶的大胆的否定。这个否定,就是对明末清初乃至整个封建社会的深刻的批判。这是贯穿于《聊斋志异》全书的主题。
《聊斋志异》还以一些生动的鬼狐故事,曲折地甚至是直接地揭露和嘲讽了封建政治,特别是帝王官绅的罪恶。最著名的《促织》、《席方平》等篇就是这方面的代表作。
吕毖《明朝小史》载:“宣宗酷好促织之戏,遣使取之江南,价贵至数十金”。《促织》虽非记实,但显然有极其具体的背景。故事本身具有十分深刻的典型意义,一方面写出了为满足一个帝王的毫无意义的“玩意儿”,就可以害得百姓家败人亡:
儿惧,啼告母。母闻之,面色灰死,大骂曰:“业根!死期至矣!而翁归,自与汝覆算耳!”儿涕而出,未几成归,闻妻言,如被冰雪。怒索儿,儿渺然不知所往,既得其尸于井。因而化怒为悲,抢呼欲绝。夫妻向隅,茅舍无烟,相对默然,不复聊赖。
另一方面,也写出了一旦满足了帝王的某种欲望,就可以立刻“裘马过世家”。这显然是对整个统治集团的揭露!
《席方平》以阴间的冤狱揭露了封建社会暗无天日的现实,而席方平的报仇行动,也正是受压迫者起而反抗的写照。
席方平之父席廉“与里中富室羊姓有隙”。羊氏先死,在阴间贿通冥吏,使席廉亦死,并在阴间受尽酷刑,“胫股摧残甚矣。”席方平知父“朴讷”,于是到阴间代父伸冤。而羊氏则继续贿赂,买通了城隍、郡司、冥王,使席方平不仅无法伸冤,而且惨遭“火床”“锯解”等酷刑折磨。作品对此作了细致的描写,产生了足以振撼人心的效果:
冥王益怒,命置火床。两鬼捽席下,见东墀有铁床,炽火其下,床面通赤。鬼脱席衣,掬置其上,反复揉捺之,痛极,骨肉焦黑,苦不得死。约一时许,鬼曰:“可矣。”遂扶起,促使下床着衣,犹幸跌而能行。复至堂上,冥王问:“敢再讼乎?”席曰:“大冤未伸,寸心不死,若言不讼,是欺王也,必讼!”又问:“讼何词”?席曰:“身所受者,皆言之耳。”
受贿冥吏的淫威,反映了人世间富豪与官府勾结残害百姓的现实。席方平在酷刑面前毫不屈服,而且正是在磨难中逐步成熟起来,开始讲求斗争的策略,最后,借助二郎神的力量终于成功。
小说的后半部分,以占全篇字数四分之一的篇幅写了二郎神对冥王等的判词。这篇判词,虽然是以某种善良的幻想为基础的,而且文字亦非上乘,但毕竟反映了人民大众对官府倒行逆施的控诉和作者的满腔激愤:
勘得冥王者:职膺王爵,身受帝恩。自应贞洁以率巨僚,不当贪墨以速官谤。而乃繁缨棨戟,徒夸品秩之尊;羊狠狼贪,竟玷人臣之节。斧敲斫,斫入木,妇子之皮骨皆空;鲸吞鱼,鱼食虾,蝼蚁之微生可悯。当掬西江之水,为尔湔肠;即烧东壁之床,请君入瓮。城隍、郡司,„„惟受赃而枉法,真人面而兽心!是宜剔髓伐毛,暂罚冥死;„„隶役者,„„飞扬跋扈,狗脸生六月之霜;隳突号叫,虎威断九衢之路„„当于法场之内,剁其四肢;更向汤镬之中,捞其筋骨„„
蒲松龄本人是一位深受科举制度折磨的封建文人,对科举的弊端,他有着深切的体验。因此,他笔下的《司文郎》、《王子安》、《叶生》、《贾奉雉》等篇,都淋漓尽致的揭露了科举制度本身的腐朽和对封建社会知识分子的毒害。
《司文郎》是一篇讽刺科举制度的绝妙佳作。作品写一瞽僧,凭嗅觉而知文章好坏。有平阳王平子前来请他鉴别自己的文章:
偶与涉历殿阁,见一瞽僧坐廊下,设药卖医。宋讶曰:“此奇人也,最能知文,不可不一请教”。因命归寓取文。„„僧疑其问医者,便诘症侯。王具白请教之意。僧笑曰:“是谁多口?无目何以论文?王请以耳代目。僧曰:“三作两千余言,谁耐久听!不如焚之,我视以鼻可也”。王从之,每焚一作,僧嗅而颔之曰:“君初法大家,虽未逼真,亦近似矣。我适受之以脾”。问:“可中否?”曰:“亦中得”。
又有一余杭生亦焚文试僧:
余杭生未深信,先以古大家文烧试之,僧再嗅曰:“妙哉!此文我心受之矣,非归、胡何解办此!”生大骇,始焚己作。僧曰:“适领一艺,未窥全豹,何忽另易一人来也?”生托言:“朋友之作,止此一首;此乃小生作也”。僧嗅其余灰,咳逆数声,曰:“勿再投也!格格而不能下,强受之以膈;再焚,则作恶矣。”生惭而退。
但是,数日后发榜,王子平落第,余杭主却高中。瞽僧知道这个结果后叹曰: 仆虽盲于目,而不盲于鼻;簾中人并鼻盲矣”。
这不仅辛辣地讽刺了考官们有眼无珠,不辨优劣,而且对整个科举制度也是一个大胆的否定。
《王子安》是从另一个方面讽刺科举制度的佳作;它写出了醉心科举者的变态心理:
王子安,东昌名士,困于场屋。入围后,期望甚切。近放榜时,痛饮大醉,归卧内室。忽有人曰:“报马来。”王踉跄起曰:“赏钱十千!”家人因其醉,诳而安之曰:“但请睡,已赏矣”。王乃眠。俄又有入者曰:“汝中进士矣!”王自言:“尚未赴都,何得及第?”其人曰:“汝忘之耶?三场毕矣。”王大喜,起而呼曰:“赏钱十千!”家人又诳之如前。又移时,一人急入曰:“汝殿试翰林,长班在此”。果见二人拜床下,衣冠修洁。王呼赐酒食,家人又给之,暗笑其醉而已。久之,王自念不可不出耀乡里,大呼长班;凡数十呼,无应者。家人笑曰:“暂卧候,寻他去。”又久之,长班果复来。王捶床顿足,大骂:“钝奴焉往!”长班怒曰:“措大无赖!向与尔戏耳,而真骂耶?”王怒,骤起扑之,落其帽。王亦倾跌。妻入,扶之曰:“何醉至此!”王曰:“长班可恶,我故惩之,何醉也?”妻笑曰:“家中只有一媪,昼为汝炊,夜为汝温足耳。何处长班,伺汝穷骨?”子女皆笑,王醉亦稍解,忽如梦醒,始知前此之妄。然犹记长班帽落;寻至门后,得一缨帽如盏大,共疑之。自笑曰:“昔人为鬼揶揄,吾今为孤奚落矣。”
《聊斋》中还有很多作品表现了反对封建婚姻,歌颂纯真爱情的主题。《香玉》、《婴宁》、《莲香》等篇,主要写花妖鬼狐与人相恋的故事,歌颂执着追求理想爱情的品德。《香玉》写劳山下清宫里,黄生与白牡丹花妖香玉相爱,当此花被人移至家中,“日就萎悴”时,黄生“恨极,作哭花诗50首,日日临穴,涕洟”,后来“花神感君至情,俾香玉复降宫中”,黄生日日精心护理,一年后,“花大如盘”,香玉复至。十余年后,黄生病殁,亦魂寄牡丹,与香玉相守。另外,《鸭头》、《细侯》、《连城》诸篇,则以曲折的情节反映了封建社会青年男女追求自由恋爱而承受的种种压迫及他们的反抗斗争。《鸭头》中的妓女鸭头与王文相识,认为他“敦笃”、“可托”遂不计其“囊涩”,以身相许,双双出走:
鸭头谓王曰:“妾烟花下流,不堪匹敌;既蒙缱绻,义即至重。君倾囊博此一宵欢,明日如何?”王泫然悲哽。女曰:“勿悲。妾委风尘,实非所愿。顾未有敦笃如君可托者。请以宵遁”。王喜,遽起;女亦起。听谯鼓已三下矣。女急易男装,草草偕出,叩主人扉。王故从双卫,托以急务,命仆便发。女以符系仆股并驴耳上,纵辔极驰,目不容启,耳后但闻风鸣;平明至汉口,税屋而至。王惊其异。女曰:“言之,得无惧乎?妾非人,孤耳。母贪淫,日遭虐遇,心所积懑。今幸脱苦海。百里外,即非所知,可幸无恙。”王略无疑式,从容曰:“室对芙蓉,家徒四壁,实难自慰,恐终见弃置。”女曰:“何必此虑。今市货皆可居,三数口,淡薄亦可自给。可鬻驴子作资本。”王如言,即门前设小肆,王与仆人躬同操作,卖酒贩浆其中。
《聊斋》中还有一些作品,揭示了某些生活中的现象以引起人们的警觉,极富有教育意义。如《画皮》即告诫世人不可被美丽的画皮所迷惑。《劳山道士》则教育人们不可象王生那样投机取巧,好逸恶劳,希图侥倖成功,结果在现实生活中被碰得头破血流。《口技》、《偷桃》等篇,有如笔记,生动描绘了艺人的高超技艺,丰富了人们的知识。
三 《聊斋志异》的艺术成就
《聊斋志异》在艺术上集志怪与传奇之大成,“用传奇法,而以志怪”。
《聊斋志异》所写,虽“不外记神仙狐鬼精魅故事”,近于传统的志怪,但“描写委曲、叙次井然”,全是传奇笔法,因此,“聊斋故事”不仅异常曲折动人,而且有极强的艺术真实感。人狐虽为异类,但在蒲松龄的笔下,他们的交往,都构成一个个感人的传奇故事,“变幻之状,如在目前”、“出于幻域,顿入人间”。
在《聊斋志异》四百九十余篇作品中,塑造了大量的艺术形象,或人或仙,或鬼或狐,无不在极其简洁的描述中表现出鲜明而生动的个性。例如《青凤》中的青凤,《婴宁》中的婴宁等等,虽然都是年轻的女性形象,但是前者感情缠绵,行为谨慎;后者天真爽朗,无拘无束;个性突出,绝不雷同。
《聊斋志异》的文章,典雅而明快。无论是叙述故事或写人物对话,都极简洁而富于表现力。
鲁迅在《中国小说史略》中对《聊斋志异》的艺术成就作了这样的分析: 《聊斋志异》虽亦如当时同类之书,不外记神仙狐鬼精魅故事,然描写委曲,叙次井然,用传奇法,而以志怪;变幻之状,如在目前;又或易调改弦,别叙畸人异行,出于幻域,顿入人间;偶叙琐闻,亦多简洁,故读者耳目,为之一新。
《聊斋志异》之后,颇多模仿之作,但成就不高。纪昀(1724—1805,字晓岚,河北献县人)的《阅微草堂笔记》是一部影响较大的作品,其主要成就如鲁迅所说:“隽思妙语,时足解颐,间杂考辨,亦有灼见”。
第三篇:初三英语第七讲 基础过关
第七讲
基础过关部分
I.Words:
1.思考,认为,考虑v._________________________ 2.提供;供应;供给v._________________________ 3.继续,坚持下去v.__________________________ 4.编程n._____________程序员n._____________ 5.航行, 在……上航行v._____________________ 6.太平洋n.________________________________ 7.包括,包含prep.____________v._____________ 8.翻译v._________ n.____________ ___________ 9.长途跋涉 v.__________________________ 10.迷人的,有极大吸引力的adj.________________ 11.令人激动的adj._________ 感到激动的_______n.恐怖片________________
12.(不)方便,(不)便利的adj.__________________ 13.乐意的,自愿的,心甘情愿的adj._______________ 14.塔,塔楼n._______________ 15.教堂n.(pl)________________ 16.地下的n.________________ 17.孔子____________________ 18.态度n.__________________ 19.把…..打包/装箱v.________ II.Phrases:
1.考虑做某事_______________________________ 2.乐意(做某事)_____________________________ 3.以便 ____________________________________ 4.根据_____________________________________ 5.最有活力的城市之一_______________________ 6.总的来说,大体上来说_____________________ 7.消费相当高的一个地方_____________________ 8.为某人提供某物(两个)____________________
_______________________
9.继续做某事______________________________(继续做另一件事)_________________________(继续做同一件事)__________________________ 10.相当多, 不少______________________________ 11.穿越丛林_________________________________穿越亚马逊丛林__________________________________ 12.从容,轻松,不紧张________________________ 13.通常, 大体上, 一般而言____________________ 14.驾船横渡太平洋___________________________ 15.给某人回电话_____________________________
20.葡萄酒, 酒n._____________
21.风景,名胜(常用pl.)n._____________________ 22.公众注意的中心n._________________________ 23.一般事物,一般原则n._______________________ 24.公司n._________________________________ 25.地点,场所n.________________ 26.热带丛林n._________________
27.爱好运动的人;运动员n.__________________ 28.相似的,相像的adj.______________________ 29.结论n._____________________
30.充满活力的,生机勃勃的,活泼的adj.___________v./liv/ 居住 adj./laiv/ 直播的,活的___________adj.活着的,有生命的_____________________ 31.(来自)东/西/南/北/方的________________
_________________________________ 32.引起疲劳的adj._________ 感到疲劳的________ 33.教育的,有教育意义的adj._________n.________ 34.平静的,宁静的, 和平的adj.________ n.__________ 35.游客很多的,游客常去的,适合旅游的adj._______ 36.(不)昂贵的adj.________________________16.继续,坚持,保持做某事______________________ 17.把…翻译成…_____________________________
18.装上薄(浅色)/暖和的衣服________________________
19.A 和B相似(A和B为同类事物)______________
某人对某事熟悉___________________________ 某事对某人来说很熟悉_____________________ 20.拥有成功者的心态_________________________ 21.自然之旅_________________________________ 22.(北美洲)尼亚加拉大瀑布___________________ 23.(法国巴黎)埃菲尔铁塔____________________ 24.(法国)巴黎圣母院_______________________ 25.理应/应该做某事___________________________ 26.梦想,幻想,向往____________________________ 27.数以千计的,许许多多的_____________________ 28.尽快地___________________________________ 29.决定于___________________________________
30.压力很大________________________________________
31.离开三个星期_____________________________ 32.比较暖和/轻松的地_______________________
单词卷(单词/短语)
I.Words:
37.consider v.思考,认为,考虑n.consideration 38.provide v.提供;供应;供给 39.continue v.继续,坚持下去
40.programming n.编程(programmer)41.sail v.航行, 在……上航行 42.Pacific n.太平洋
43.including prep.包括,包含 v.include
44.translate v.翻译 n.translatortranslation 45.trek(trekked;trekking)v.长途跋涉
46.fascinating adj.迷人的,有极大吸引力的47.thrilling adj.令人激动的(=exciting)
thrilled(=excited)n.thriller 恐怖片 48.(in)convenient adj.(不)方便,(不)便利的n.convenience
49.report v.报道n.reporter
50.willing adj.乐意的,自愿的,心甘情愿的 51.tower n.塔,塔楼 52.church(es)n.教堂 53.underground n.地下的…………………………………...……………………… 54.Confucius 孔子 55.attitude n.态度 II.Phrases:
33.consider doing sth.考虑做某事 34.be willing to do sth.乐意(做某事)35.so that 以便36.according to 根据
37.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一 38.in general 总的来说,大体上来说
39.quite an expensive place=such an expensive place=so expensive a place 消费相当高的一个地方 40.provide sb.with sth./ provide sth for sb.为某人提供某物
41.continue sth./doing sth./ to do sth.继续做某事go on to do(继续做另一件事)
go on doing sth./ go on with sth.(继续做同一件事)42.quite a few 相当多, 不少
43.trek(trekked/trekking)through the jungle穿越丛林go trekking in the Amazon jungle 穿越亚马逊丛林 44.be convenient to do sth 做某事很方便 45.take it easy从容,轻松,不紧张 46.sail across the Pacific驾船横渡太平洋 47.call sb.back 给某人回电话
48.hold on to sth./ doing sth.继续,坚持,保持做某事 ………………………………………………………… 49.fantastic sights迷人的景点
50.some day(将来)/ one day(过去/将来)某一天 51.take the underground train=take the subway乘地铁52.translate …into… 把…翻译成…
56.pack v.把…..打包/装箱(backpack)57.wine n.葡萄酒, 酒
58.sight n.风景,名胜(常用pl.)= a place of interest 59.spotlight n.公众注意的中心 60.general n.一般事物,一般原则
………..………………………………………………….61.lively adj.充满活力的,生机勃勃的,活泼的live v./liv/ 居住 adj./laiv/ 直播的,活的living adj.活着的,有生命的(alive 只能做表语)62.(来自)东/西/南/
北/方的63.tiring adj.引起疲劳的,累人的(tired)64.educational adj.教育的,有教育意义的n.education 教育
65.peaceful adj.平静的,宁静的,和平的(n.peace和平)66.touristy adj.游客很多的,游客常去的,适合旅游的n.tour 观光,巡回(演出);到……旅游 67.(in)expensive adj.(不)昂贵的 68.dream n.梦想,幻想 v.做梦;梦到
69.light adj.轻的(heavy)浅色的(dark)n.电灯,光线 70.fall n.瀑布(常用pl.)v.摔倒,落下 71.finding n.发现;发现物(v.find)
53.have similar hopes有着相似的梦想/希望 54.travel spots 度假的好去处
55.pack light/warm clothes 装上薄(浅色)/暖和的衣服 56.A be similar to B A 和B相似(A和B为同类事物)
(sb.)be familiar with sth.某人对某事熟悉(sth.)be familiar to sb 某事对某人来说很熟悉 57.have a “winner’s” attitude拥有成功者的心态 58.go on a nature tour 自然之旅
59.have a great whale watch tour 有一次很棒的鲸鱼秀之旅 60.the Amazon Jungle of Brazil 巴西的亚马逊丛林 61.Niagara Falls(北美洲)尼亚加拉大瀑布 62.the Eiffel Tower(法国巴黎)埃菲尔铁塔 63.Notre Dame Cathedral(法国)巴黎圣母院 …………………………………………………………..64.be supposed to do sth.理应/应该做某事
65.dream of/about sth./doing sth.梦想,幻想,向往 66.thousands of 数以千计的,许许多多的 67.as soon as possible 尽快地
68.depend on 决定于(=It’s up to sb./sth.)
69.be stressed out=be under a lot of pressure 压力很大 70.be away for three weeks离开三个星期
71.somewhere warm/relaxing 比较暖和/轻松的地方 72.outdoor activities 户外运动
73.relax on the beach 在沙滩上休息 74.pay for/ spend on/ cost/区别
75.have a good education受到好的教育
第四篇:小班:高一英语第五讲
.快乐记单词: 19.take off成功;成名;脱掉(衣服);(飞
1.silvern.银;银子 机)起飞
2.heron.英雄;男主角;男主人公 20.creaturen.生物;动物
3.scenen.场面;情景;布景 21.outeradj.外部的;外面的4.lawn.法律;法学;规律 22.adultn.成人;成年人
5.careern.事业;生涯 23.go wrong走错路,误入歧途;不对
6.draman.戏剧;戏剧艺术 头;出毛病
7.rolen.角色 24.follow-upn.后续
8.actressn.女演员 25.crueltyn.残忍;残酷
9.awardn.奖;奖品 26.peacen.和平;和睦;安宁
10.prizen.奖赏;奖金;奖品 27.industryn.工业;行业;产业
11.choicen.选择;抉择;精选品 28.owevt./vi.欠(债等);感激;把…归功于
12.degreen.学位;度数;度;程度 29.owe...to...把…归功于某人
13.directorn.导演;主任;理事;董事 30.happinessn.幸福;快乐
14.speedvt./vi.加速;速飞;飞跑 n.速度 31touchvt./vi.触摸;(使)接触;感动 n.15.scriptn.剧本;手稿;手迹 接触;联系
16.actorn.男演员;行动者 32naughtyadj.顽皮的;淘气的17.academyn.学院 33peanutn.花生
18.studion.摄影棚(场);演播室;画室;34noten.笔记;注释;纸币
工作室
经典句子每日必背
1.好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人。(share…with)
2.如果你们两停止争斗并努力好好相处,我将不胜感激。(be grateful, advice, get along with)
3.这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流。(the first time, communicate with)
4.爱好是不会让你感到厌倦的——你投入的时间越长,乐趣越多。(the more… the more;devote to;get tired of)
5.网络使人们即使身处世界的不同角落也完全可能面对面地交流。(face to face;even if;entirely)
6.根据新闻报道,是天气决定神舟七号发射的准确时间。(according to, it is ….that强调句)Keys:
1.A best friend is someone who can share happiness and sorrow with you.2.I would be grateful if the two of you stopped fighting and tried to get along with each other.3.This is the first time he has used e-mail to communicate with his pen pal.4.A hobby is something that you never get tired of—the more time you devote to it, the more fun you have.5.Computers make it possible for people to talk face to face even if they are in different parts of the world, which has entirely changed our life.6.According to the news report, it is the weather that will determine the exact launch time of Shenzou Seven.快乐阅读:It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks were taking many of their chicken.The farmers didn’t know what to do.Finally they went to the country officials and asked for help.“Kill the hawks,” the officials said, “We will even pay for them,” so the farmers began to think of
ways to kill the hawks.The farmers killed many hawks.They no longer had to worry about their chickens.But they now had a new worry.Field mice were eating up a lot of the farmers’ grain.How did this happen?
Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice.They eat more field mice than chickens.But the farmers didn’t know this.When they killed a lot of hawks, they changed the balance.When people move into a new place, they often destroy many wild plants.Often these plants are food for the animals.If the animals can’t find enough plants to eat, they will starve or have to leave the place.In one part of the USA, for example the deer there like to eat a certain kind of wild roses.The mountain lions there eat the deer.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses doesn’t change much if people leave things as they are.But people killed many mountain lions in order to protect the deer.Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.Then the deer began to eat the green leaves of young trees.These trees were important to the farmers.So the farmers thought of ways to protect their trees.Now the deer had nothing to eat, and many of them died.This was another lesson from nature.To keep the balance of nature is important for us to remember.根据以上短文内容判断正误,正确的用“T”表示,错误的用“F”表示。
1.Finally the officials told the farmers to kill the hawks.2.Field mice eat not only chickens but also the farmers’ grain.3.When the animals can’t find enough plants to eat in a place, they will starve or have to leave.4.The number of animals changes much if people leave things as they are.5.It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.○2
Little Tommy was doing very badly in math.His parents had tried everything—tutors(家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of.Finally they took Tommy to a catholic(天主教的)school.After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face.He didn’t kiss his mother hello.Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying.Books and papers were spread(铺开)out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work.His mother was surprised.She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word.In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before.This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card.He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books.His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math.She could no longer hold her curiosity(好奇心).She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns(修女)?”
Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No.”
“Well then,” she asked again.“WHAT was it?”
Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed(钉)to the plus sign(加号), I knew they weren’t joking.”
根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1.Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school?
A.Because he could eat well there.B.Because he could earn more about nuns.C.Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.D.Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.2.Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______.A.was still the same as usual
B.ate so much at dinner
C.kissed her hello after school
D.worked hard but said little
3.“Hitting the books” means “_______” in Chinese.A.用功B.捶书
C.发泄D.振作
4.The last sentence in the passage shows that _______.A.Tommy felt sorry for the mail
B.Tommy was afraid of being nailed
C.Tommy didn’t like the plus sign
D.Tommy liked playing jokes on others
5.From the passage, we can infer(推断)that _______.A.teachers should be strict with their students
B.mistaking(误解)might do good sometimes
C.a catholic school is much better than other ones
D.nuns are good at helping children with their math
语法每日更新:定语从句
介词填空:
1.The pencil ________ which he wrote was broken.2.He built a telescope ________ which he could study the skies.3.The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.4.The wolf ________ which the sheep was killed was shot.5.She has three children, all _______ whom are at school.6.There is a tall tree outside, ________ which stands our teacher.7.My glasses, _______ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.8.I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.9.His bike ________ which he went to work was stolen last night.10.The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is John’s.单选:1.Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it
2.Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A.whoB.whomC.with whomD.to whom
3.She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A.whoB.one of whomC.one of themD.none of them
4.Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?
A.he explainedB.what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained
5.Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose
6.Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A.whom I think didB.whom I think she did
C.who I think didD.I think who did
7.Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A.by whichB.on whichC.with whichD.for which
8.The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A.whereB.whichC.to whichD.on which
9.The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A.whenB.in thatC.whichD.in which
10.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.A.of whomB.whomC.of whoseD.whose
11.In the dark street , there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.A.thatB.whoC.from whomD.to whom
12.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as achild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
13.I don't like _____ you speak to her.A.the wayB.the way in thatC.the way whichD.the way of which
14.The computer can keep a record of the date ______ the passengers will travel.A.whyB.whenC.whereD.which
15.I’ll never forget the days ______ I spent in the countryside
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.in which
第五篇:作文第七讲 开头
作文第七讲如何开头高分
记者日前采访了参加08年高考作文评卷的中学教师,一位年轻的评卷教师说:“改到后来,一篇作文几乎看45秒就打分。每一批试卷都设定了各个分数段所占的大概比例,议论文一般分都不高。只有第一段写的好的,我才会给他高分!45秒里几乎30秒都在看第一段。”作文评卷时间紧,任务重,身体疲劳,心理压力大,是评卷老师们的普遍反映。参加过多次高考作文评卷的一位老师总结,高考中,考生作文开篇一定要快速有力地进入话题,最忌水中月,雾中花;在这个大前提下,讲究一定的文采,使阅卷老师眼睛一亮,有兴趣读下去,才有望获得高分。
一、关注现实,亮真知见深情。
将现实中丰富的题材化为己用,在考场有限的时间里,可以启发立意,快速入题,这种做法在考场作文上屡出佳作,我们看08年高考中的“飞花摘叶”:
1.在城市的尽头,没有繁华的街市,闪亮的霓虹;在城市的尽头,只有破旧的棚户区,有饱经生活风霜的生命;在城市的尽头,有他们这样一群人。(上海考生《他们》)
2.他们在天府之国,我们在长河之尾。虽然路遥遥、水迢迢,但是不能阻挡我们对他们的尊敬。(上海考生《他们》)
3.坐在我前桌的那个人竟然没来参加考试?!看着前面空荡荡的座位和那空白的答案纸,我的好奇心蠢蠢欲动。江苏考生《好奇心》)今年有大量考生以地震和雪灾为作文素材,广东高考评卷组组长柯汉琳教授表示,作文评分的关键不在于是否紧贴时事,评分是看学生的作文能力,看考生材料选取得对不对,运用得好不好。
这里第一篇文章开头犹如一帧摄影画面,视角独特,如纪录片般引人关注农民工子女。第二篇选取了社会的热点话题,直奔题目要求,紧扣“他们”,长河意象,遥承古诗“我住长江头,君住长江尾”,显示了该考生广阔的视野及深厚的文学素养。第三篇堪称“飞花摘叶”的经典,大有当年韩寒急作《杯中窥人》的气魄,令人拍案叫绝。
二、追忆历史,如品清茗冶性情。
钱钟书说“诗之情韵气脉须厚实,如刀之有背也,而思理语意必须锐易,如刀之有锋也。锋不利,则不能入物,背不厚,则其入物也不深。”用抒情的笔调述说历史,回忆往事,犹如示人刀背之厚,评卷老师一见之下,如品清茗,神清气爽,“审美疲劳”之感当能即刻烟消云散:
1.时间的流逝,淡涤旧迹,仅留下微漠的平淡与悲哀。濮水之边,你翩然而去,仅留下楚使的瞠目与叹息。(福建考生《一蓑烟草任江平》)
2.北京的太平湖已被填平,成了西直门地铁总站,每日车马喧嚣,人来人往,匆匆过客未曾想到,有一位老人已葬身其中四十二年,太平湖水并不太平,老舍以缄默的姿态成为一个时代的殉葬,也以永久的寂静完成了对一个时代片段的控诉和焚烧。
(广东考生《不要轻易说“不”》)
3.我是当年武则天立下的那块无字碑。数千年来,多少人对我的存在感到质疑,其实,说实在的,我对自己的身份也感到好奇。主人留给我的只是一具空空的躯体和一颗好奇心。
(江苏考生《好奇心》)
考生们用饱蘸深情的笔调,把读者带入到苍茫的历史岁月之中,把我们引入濮水之边庄子“道”的境界,引入太平湖畔的对老舍的哀思,引入无字碑旁的千古遐思,幻化出意蕴无穷而又充满美感的文字,读来真是令人击节称赞,这种开头教人如何不赏识?
三、悬念巧设,待图穷匕已见
假使荆轲没有秦始皇朝思暮想的地图,怕是等不到“图穷”的时刻得 “匕见” 的机会。我们来看看今年的考生带来了那些“好图”:设置悬念
1.开窑的那一瞬,金光四起,只听见丝丝裂响在我的周身回荡„„(江苏考生《好奇心》)
2.为什么?两个人都长年纪了,相距不过几米的屋子,有什么必要隔几分钟就喊一下?
(江苏考生《好奇心》)
3.你知道“君子”的含义、“高贵”的概念吗?
(湖北考生《举手投足之间》)
4.一个杯子,一块石头,一些沙子,一些水,这是什么?如果你是化学家,也许你会告诉,他们的结构,他们的成分;如果你是物理学家,也许你就会告诉我,他们能够产生什么样的物理现象;如果你是哲学家,也许你又会告诉我很多的道理。而我呢,我是一个普通人,我认为这就是人生。
(北京考生《生命的意义》)
著名作家张中行把开头比喻为饭馆里站门的招待员,所谓好招待员是:顾客空肚子经过门口的时候,有吸引力。文章也是这样,开头好才有吸引力,巧设悬念是吸引评卷老师眼球心理的好办法。
四、名作名言,“万物皆备于我”
姿格网提示:名家美文以其丰富的文化内涵,高度的语言技巧,以及深刻的哲理性而久盛不衰。在写作过程中,恰当地引用名家名作作开头,顿时生辉,令人刮目。
1. “忽必烈汗已经留意到,马可波罗的城市差不多都是一个模样,仿佛只要改变一下组合元素就可以从一个城转移到另一个城,不必动身旅行。”
当伊卡诺·卡尔维诺写下这句话,„„
(浙江考生《看不见的城市》)
2.毕淑敏在《精神的三间小屋》中说:精神有三间小屋。第一间,盛放我们的爱和恨;第二间,盛放我们的事业;第三间,盛放我们自己。在我们的心中也有三间小屋。(甘肃考生《精神的三间小屋》)
3.“凌晨四点起来,发现海棠花未眠。”川端康成这样写道,而海棠本来便是日夜开放,为何凌晨四点起来便可以产生到别样的美感呢?
(湖南考生《距离产生美屋》)
考生敏锐地感觉到名家名作与题意的关联,化用入题,显示出“万物皆备于我”的大家气概。
4.我们知道,生活有着太多的曲折,也有太多的意外,但是,“既然选择了前方,便只顾风雨兼程”,认定的,就要去坚守,不要轻易说“不”。
(广东考生《不要轻易说“不” 》)
“既然选择了前方,便只顾风雨兼程”,作者运用大家耳熟能详的俗话谚语,使文章充满了理性的美。
五、题记妙语,香酒走出深巷来。
明代谢榛在《四溟诗话》中指出:“起句当如爆作,骤响易彻,结句当如撞钟,清音有余。”好句在内容上有 “爆作”的效果,如果同时结合题记这种形式的话,那不异于酒香,而且当市:
1.青春的萌动来临了,那便是心上生花,长草„„——题记
(福建考生《那年,青春无痕》)
2.父亲,当别人望子成龙,望女成风的时候,谢谢您让我选择了做我自己。——题记(福建考生《给父亲的情书》)
3.那些被蜜泡过的山楂,愈发香甜。——题记
(福建考生《浸泡过的陈山楂》)
4.我本风雅。——题记
(湖北考生《举手投足之间》)
5.夜仔细想想,灯便亮了。
风想吹灭灯光,却吹来了黎明。——题记
(陕西考生《夜的最后一章》)
《太平广记》中有一则故事:李贺未成名时,带着诗稿去拜谒韩愈,正值韩愈刚会见过忧思满腹的孟郊,心情烦闷,困倦非常,对李贺这个无名后生本不欲接见,然而当韩愈从仆人手中瞥见李贺的诗稿,开篇即为:“黑云压城城欲摧,甲光向日金鳞开”!顿时精神为之一
振,睡意全消,立即吩咐仆人:“快请客!”
巧妙的开头,富有引人入胜的魅力,令人一见钟情,读起来欲罢不能。意蕴深长,富有文采的题记,对文章起着提纲挈领的作用,使人眼睛为之一亮、精神为之一振,清代李渔说得更真切“开卷之初,当以奇句夺目,使人一见而惊,不敢弃去。”由此可见写好题记是考生取得高分的一大技巧,是巧妙开头的一大亮点。
六、小结。
传说古龙有一部小说这样开头:
“风。
“冷风。
“冷风吹。„„”
原新东方教师罗永浩评曰:
“当年看第一本古龙吓一跳„„风,句号,冷风,句号,第三行,冷风吹,句号。哎,从来没见过文字玩得这么玄,这么酷的,当时下巴咣就掉下来了,佩服得五体投地„„”。记者曾有一次讨论,说如果古龙再世,与金庸在高考作文上Pk一场,估计古龙的胜算会大很多。理由是金庸的小说虽然博大精深,但是复杂微妙,风格不易辨认,往往要读到三四十页的时候才能感受到作者的功力。而高考作文篇幅小,评卷时间短,如何在开头将自己的亮点尽快地展现出来,给评卷老师一个良好的印象,是高考作文取得高分的一个关键。
七、奇句奇目,让人一见而惊——锤炼首段句。
托尔斯泰写《安娜·卡列尼娜》用“幸福的家庭是相似的,不幸的家庭各有各的不幸”,于是一部举世闻名的巨著诞生了。
万事开头难,写作也如此,如何让自己的作文引人入胜?主要有以下方法:
设置悬念,故布疑阵。如2003年全国优秀作文《两难之间》开头之样写:“年轻的县长在房间里焦灼不安地踱着方步,他的心情就象夏日的天气一样变幻不定”。为什么“焦灼不安”?因为公事还是私事?为什么他的心情“就象夏日的天气一样变幻不定”?引出迷团,使读者急于破谜,阅读的欲望也由此挑起。
托物起兴。先言他物,以引起所咏之词。如《石碑上的历史》是这样开头的:“‘摇啊摇,摇到外婆桥,外婆请我吃年糕,大姑子,小舅子,远亲总比近邻好„„’古老的儿歌在空中来回飘荡,倒映出无数轮回,石碑默默地立在村头,看着几百年沧海桑田。”由“远亲总比近邻好”喑扣“亲疏”真是贴切无比。
描写法。如《楚王的忏悔》这样写:“秋风萧瑟,月落残云,我的城楼飘荡着秦国的旗帜,我的皇宫飞扬着秦国的歌。”“汩罗江上激起的浪花惊醒了幽禁在深宫的我,楚国的风吹醒了昏噩的我。泪水飘洒在记忆的大门里„„”这样文采飞扬的开头,读者能舍得放下手中的文章吗?
设问引入,运用设问的方式引入,这是最常见也是最便捷的方式。如《看着我的眼睛》开头这样写:“还记得人鱼公主的故事吗?面对王子圣洁的邀请,人鱼含泪却微笑着接受:纵然柔软的脚步似在刀尖上滑过,人鱼未曾凌乱她的舞步。„„”“看到悬崖上的树了吗?它一直静静地立在那里。小鸟飞过,留下不屑的嬉笑„„” “记得流浪异域,足迹遍布撒哈拉的三毛吗?为什么她选择了如此艰苦的环境?为什么她要去领略凄楚与绝境的战栗?”一个接一个的问题,把读者的注意力牢牢地抓住,让人情不自禁地读下去。
巧用题记,揭示主旨式。如《星星夜话》的开头:
“没有树的伟岸,但你有草的翠绿;没有牡丹的娇艳,但你可以有小菊的洒脱„„生命,可以不灿烂,但必须伟大!——题记
训练1:用各种方法写开头
福建卷:三个人买饮料 三个人进商店,分别买饮料,一个买甜的,一个买苦中带甜的,一个买淡的。根据此情景写一篇作作文,题目自拟。
训练2:四川卷:坚强