新托福写作最重要的因素是什么

第一篇：新托福写作最重要的因素是什么

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新托福写作最重要的因素是什么

新托福写作中，有独立写作和综合写作两种题型，托福独立作文把握不准，以至于失掉不该失的分数。其实，托福独立作文准备不需要花费太多的时间，下面为大家介绍几点写作“秘籍”，可供参考。

把握好托福独立写作重要的因素

托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。

由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。

这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。

论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。

把握好托福独立写作写作思路

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法：

1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country.看到most，我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。

论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

4.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。

新托福独立作文的写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。

更多广州托福培训资料请进入：http:///toefl/ 查看

第二篇：2009新托福写作机经

2009年新托福写作机经

ps: 红色的部分是重复以往的，黄色部分是在中国考试的题目，剩余部分是在北美考试的题目。

1月10日（U.S）

Improving schools is the most important factor in successful development of country.1月10日(重复2008.12.20&2007.12.1)

People should pay to use public transport facilities.1月17日(U.S)

The advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits.1月18日

It is important for families to regularly eat their meals together.1月23日

Young people should try different job before they decide which job or career they will do in the long term.2月14日（U.S）

Becoming well-informed must get information from different news sources.2月21日（U.S）

Newspapers and magazines are the best way of learning about a foreign country.2月22日

The purpose of television should be all educative, not entertain.2月27日（U.S）

A job with more vacation time is better than a job with high salary but less vacation time.2月28日

Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid.3月7日

It's better to use own knowledge and experience to solve question, or ask other people for advice？

3月14日（重复08.12.13&07.5.18）

It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than to save money for the future.3月21日（U.S）

Do you think success is important, or it is more important to remain happy and optimistic when you fail？

3月22日（似08.5.10 那题是重视艺术还是竞技体育）

Governments should focus more on the preservation of environment rather than economic development.3月28日

Do you agree or disagree: teacher should make their social or political views known to students? 3月29日（U.S）（重复07.8.4)

In 20 years from now on, students will not use printed books anymore.4月3日

The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers' salary.5月9日

In order to become a financially responsible adult, people should be taught how to manage money at a early age.5月15日（U.S）

Professional athletes such as football players should earn much more money.5月16日(重复07.10.17)

University students should learn one more course of the culture of a country rather than their own.5月30日（U.S）

Younger school children(ages five to ten)should be required to study art and music in addition to math language, science and history.5月31日（重复07.11.24）

People will spend less time on cooking food.6月5日（重复08.6.22）

The most effective method of improving health care is to reduce environmental problems.6月7日（重复08.8.2 U.S）

People will have more leisure time in twenty years.6月12日（U.S）

Should university student do part-time job?

6月13日（似08.8.9 U.S那题考science class）

All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study in.6月21日

Technology make people's lives simpler in turn to make people's lives more complicated.6月27日

For future career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school?

7月12日（重复07.1.14）

Drivers should pay a certain amount of fees so that they can be permitted to drive out in traffic busy time.7月25日

Being creative，rather than planning carefully，will come up with best solution to a problem.8月2日（重复08.1.18）

People will feel happier when they finish a challenging or difficult work than they finish an easy work.8月8日（重复07.10.28）

Teachers should be paid according to how well their students perform.8月22日

It is better to achieve high efficiency with more mistakes or lower efficiency with fewer mistakes.9月12日

Children should only study or play and don't have to do household chores.9月19日（U.S）

Government should more support art museum and music performance than recreational facilities, such as swimming pool or play ground.9月20日

People in the past were more friendly than they are now.10月10日（重复08.8.2）

People nowadays more easily achieve success than in the past.10月17日（U.S）

Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.10月24日（重复09.6.12）

It is better for parents to encourage their children to take a part-time job.10月25日

Visiting museums is the best way to learn about a country.10月31日（U.S）

It is often not a good thing to move to a new city or a new country because ofthe lose of old friends.11月1日（重复07.8.17）

Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age.11月7日（U.S）

For successful development of a country, a government should focus its budget more onyoung children 's education rather than on universities.11月8日（重复08.6.21）

Good looks and dresses are more important for success than good ideas.11月13日（U.S）

It is better to invite more people to hold a big party rather than a small one with fewer close friends and family members.11月21日（U.S）

Parents should give money to praise their child for high marks in school.11月22日

People buy things not because they need them but because other people have them.12月4日（U.S）

People should buy things made in their own country, even if the price of the products is higher than that of the same things made somewhere else.12月5日

As for young people, the ability to plan and organize is essential.12月11日（U.S）

Parents do not understand their children so well as parents did 50 years ago.12月12日（完全重复前一天北美的）

Parents do not understand their children so well as parents did 50 years ago.12月19日（U.S）

People would be happier if they had fewer possessions.12月20日

The ability to read and write is more important now than in the past.

第三篇：Eylxzpa新托福写作总结

-+

懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。

—

新托福写作总结

1.认识题目：形式和本质，题库的设计原则和分类以及测试的语言技能

articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively

examine claims and accompanying evidence

support ideas with relevant reasons and examples

sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion

control the elements of standard written English

1)陈述问题和现象的语言能力

2)表达观点

3)对观点进行支持，否定，综合评价的语言技能，包括对推理过程和逻辑的分析

4)分析现象存在的原因

5)表达一件事物或事件的利弊和综合影响的多元化思维和表达能力

6)考生观点不作为评判依据，但是提出观点的视角以及分析问题的能力是语言表达的前提基础，所以是训练的重点，也是考试测试的重点

2.理解宗旨；托福写作考试的目的——逻辑和论证

3.写作的评分体系

作文考试的形式

1.阅读+听记+写作20分钟 字数 150-225

阅读材料为给定的观点加上对观点的支持信息，比如使用事实事例或者逻辑的分析，而听力内容是对阅读材料进行支持或者否定，否定批驳为主，考生需要把握听力中话语人对阅读材料的切入点，以及话语人如何表达怀疑，否定等。作为测试的评分重点在于

1)听力内容所有重点信息的全面与否

2)阅读内容信息和听力内容的相关联

3)语言表达的准确

2.独立写作论文30分钟字数最少300单词

独立写作的入手方式（阅读官方指南287页）

1.题目中关键词语的定义予以质疑和分析

2.按照命题给定的二分体系论证

3.总体抽象的入局

4.细节和个性的处理

5.对命题给定的纷争予以具体界定，提出综合多元思维

The task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim.Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish.For example, you might

1)agree absolutely with the claim,2)disagree completely,3)or agree with some parts and not others

4)question the assumptions the statement seems to be making

5)qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue

6)point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others

7)evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective

8)develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example

作文的评分体系

官方指南288页阅读，提出要点

1)detailed discussion

2)unified

3)coherent

4)varied sentence structure

5)not high-level vocabulary but word choice is correct

6)minor errors

7)the flow of meanings

讲解：

1.300单词（大约15-20句子）的篇章结构布局

2.何谓on-topic /off-topic

3.句子的衔接技术和艺术

4.句法结构的变化和复杂程度

5.小词的理念（OG280页173题 借钱和友谊——如何使用高中词汇写出满分作文？）

6.思维的艺术和美的探索

什么是完美的篇章结构布局？

Introduction 导入段落的功能和内容

得分印象形成的关键

常见的错误（现场写作269页第29题：人类活动和地球争论）

应该写什么内容？

多少句子，多少单词？(1-3个句子，字数在30-80左右)

常用的容易掌握的写作开头方式学习：

1)问题 + 观点

2)观点

3)正反观点+选择

4)现象+问题+观点

5)观点+ 反驳

6)观点+ 支持

main body

2-4段落

每段字数和句子数量 100-150 单词左右，大概5-8个句子

段落的节本结构：三层次理论

段落内部的衔接技术

段落的总分结构体系

段落内部的句法转变

词的选择

段落写作学习的方法：

conclusion

1-3个句子

写作训练的基本方法：

1.上我的课

2.翻译

3.背诵

4.写日记

开头例文：

地球也许并不是为了人类生存才存在并且也许它原本不是今天这个样子的。人类在地球迄今为止上的所有活动无不对地球的健康产生了影响。至于这些影响到底是使地球变得更适于生存还是对地球造成了破坏则是一个永恒无法绝对回答的争议。

The earth perhaps does not exist for human beings to survive and thrive on it and it was, surely, not what it is today.（24words）All human activities on the earth have changed the landscape and exerted impacts on the health of the earth.Have the human activities harmed the earth? Or have the earth has changed a better place to live? The answers to these questions will vary considerably as time goes on and on.总计75 words，如果去掉首句24单词，文章开头依然成立，并且不失分。则构成典型的（现象+ 问题 + 观点）开头风格。文章中作者的观点非常明确，属于典型的中立写作布局开。280页173道题目：借钱和友谊的论证

小词的价值

To borrow money from a friend has little to do with the maintenance of friendship because friendship depends less on money than on the love, honesty, and understanding between them.That is to say to borrow money will make the friendship stronger and closer if they love and understand each other.In this case, friendship will go on and on and on.However, without the love and mutual understanding friendship will be one day gone with the wind.Therefore it is clear that love and understanding is the very basis(foundation)of friendship which has been(figuratively)described as the light on the earth and the salt in the world.Money, on the contrary, is no.段落内部的衔接分析 下文选自大英百科

Social resources are similarly an indispensable prerequisite to a successful innovation.Many inventions have foundered because the social resources vital for their realization—the capital, materials, and skilled personnel—were not available.The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci are full of ideas for helicopters, submarines, and airplanes, but few of these reached even the model stage because resources of one sort or another were lacking.The resource of capital involves the existence of surplus productivity and an organization capable of directing the available wealth into channels in which the inventor can use it.The resource of materials involves the availability of appropriate metallurgical, ceramic, plastic, or textile substances that can perform whatever functions a new invention requires of them.The resource of skilled personnel implies the presence of technicians capable of constructing new artifacts and devising novel processes.A society, in short, has to be well primed with suitable resources in order to sustain technological innovation

段落的学习：翻译练习作业 下文选自大英百科

OG273页81题 关于人和技术

The technological dilemma

二分法思维训练 on the one hand„on the other hand

正反训练rather

因果关系 and so„

Whatever the responses to modern technology, there can be no doubt that it presents

contemporary society with a number of immediate problems that take the form of a traditional choice of evils, so that it is appropriate to regard them as constituting a “technological dilemma.” This is the dilemma between, on the one hand, the overdependence of life in the advanced industrial countries on technology, and, on the other hand, the threat that technology will destroy the quality of life in modern society and even endanger society itself.Technology thus confronts Western civilization with the need to make a decision, or rather, a series of decisions, about how to use the enormous power available to society constructively rather than destructively.The need to control the development of technology, and so to resolve the dilemma, by regulating its application to creative social objectives, makes it ever more necessary to define these objectives while the problems presented by rapid technological growth can still be solved.总分结构的训练

These problems, and the social objectives related to them, may be considered under three broad headings.First is the problem of controlling the application of nuclear technology.Second is the population problem, which is twofold: it seems necessary to find ways of controlling the dramatic rise in the number of human beings and, at the same time, to provide food and care for the people already living on the Earth.Third, there is the ecological problem, whereby the products and wastes of technical processes have polluted the environment and disturbed the balance of natural forces of regeneration.When these basic problems have been reviewed it will be possible, finally, to consider the effect of technology on life in town and countryside, and to determine the sort of judgments about technology and society to which a study of the history of technology leads.Nuclear technology

The solution to the first problem, that of controlling nuclear technology, is primarily political.At its root is the anarchy of national self-government, for as long as the world remains divided into a multiplicity of nation-states, or even into two power blocs, each committed to the defense of its own sovereign power to do what it chooses, nuclear weapons merely replace the older weapons by which such nation-states have maintained their independence in the past.The availability of a nuclear armoury has emphasized the weaknesses of a world political system based upon sovereign nation-states.Here, as elsewhere, technology is a tool that can be used creatively or destructively.But the manner of its use depends entirely on human decisions, and in this matter of nuclear self-control the decisions are those of governments.There are other aspects of the problem of nuclear technology, such as the disposal of radioactive waste and the quest to harness the energy released by fusion, but although these are important issues in their own right, they are subordinate to the problem of the use of nuclear weapons in warfare.Population explosion

Assuming that the use of nuclear weapons can be averted, world civilization will have to come to grips with the population problem in the next few decades if life is to be tolerable on planet Earth in the 21st century.The problem can be tackled in two ways, both drawing on the resources of modern technology.In the first place, efforts may be made to limit the rate of population increase.Medical technology, which, through new drugs and other techniques, has provided a powerful impulse to the increase of population, also offers means of controlling this increase

through contraceptive devices and through painless sterilization procedures.Again, technology is a tool that is neutral in respect to moral issues about its own use, but it would be futile to deny that artificial population control is inhibited by powerful moral constraints and taboos.Some reconciliation of these conflicts is essential, however, if stability in world population is to be satisfactorily achieved.Perhaps the experience of China, already responsible for one-quarter of the world's population, is instructive here: in an attempt to prevent the population growth from exceeding the ability of the country to sustain the existing standards of living, the government imposed a “one-child family” campaign in the 1970s, which is maintained by draconian social controls.In the second place, even the most optimistic program of population control can hope to achieve only a slight reduction in the rate of increase by the end of the 20th century, so that an alternative approach must be made simultaneously in the shape of an effort to increase the world's production of food.Technology has much to contribute at this point, both in raising the

productivity of existing sources of food supply by improved techniques of agriculture and better types of grain and animal stock, and in creating new sources of food by making the deserts fertile and by systematically farming the riches of the oceans.There is enough work here to keep engineers and food technologists busy for many generations.Ecological balance

The third major problem area of modern technological society is that of preserving a healthy environmental balance.Though man has been damaging his environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in

population and in the intensity of industrialization are promoting a worldwide ecological crisis.This includes the dangers involved in destruction of the equatorial rain forests, the careless exploitation of minerals by open-mining techniques, and the pollution of the oceans by radioactive waste and of the atmosphere by combustion products.These include oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, which produce acid rain, and carbon dioxide, which may affect the world's climate through the so-called greenhouse effect.It was the danger of indiscriminate use of pesticides such as DDT after World War II that first alerted opinion in advanced Western countries to the delicate nature of the world's ecological system, presented in a trenchant polemic by the U.S.science writer Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring(1962);this was followed by a spate of warnings about other possibilities of ecological disaster.The great public concern about pollution in the advanced nations is both overdue and welcome.Once more, however, it needs to be said that the fault for this waste-making abuse of technology lies with man himself rather than with the tools he uses.For all his intelligence, man in communities behaves with a lack of respect for his environment that is both short-sighted and potentially suicidal.Technological society

Much of the 19th-century optimism about the progress of technology has dispersed, and an increasing awareness of the technological dilemma confronting the world makes it possible to offer a realistic assessment of the role of technology in shaping society at the end of the 20th century.Interactions between society and technology

In the first place, it can be clearly recognized that the relationship between technology and society is complex.Any technological stimulus can trigger a variety of social responses, depending on such unpredictable variables as differences between human personalities;similarly,no specific social situation can be relied upon to produce a determinable technological response.Any “theory of invention,” therefore, must remain extremely tentative, and any notion of a “philosophy” of the history of technology must allow for a wide range of possible interpretations.A major lesson of the history of technology, indeed, is that it has no precise predictive value.It is frequently possible to see in retrospect when one particular artifact or process had reached obsolescence while another promised to be a highly successful innovation, but at the time such historical hindsight is not available and the course of events is indeterminable.In short, the complexity of human society is never capable of resolution into a simple identification of causes and effects driving historical development in one direction rather than another, and any attempt to identify technology as an agent of such a process is unacceptable.

第四篇：托福写作

Agree or disagree A university should focus more on its facilities, computers or laboratory, rather than on hiring famous teachers

Nowadays, highly education has been attached more important than before.A argue that school facilities should pay more attention than professor lecture.From my perspective, although such hardware like computer centers and science lab provide some benefits to university students, university depends on quality of stuff.Admittedly, a school equipped with great facilities is more appealing the applicants.The reason is that it can make study easier.A bright library offers such a quiet condition for knowledge absorption;a computer center provides a self-govern ways to study;a science lab make student get more practice about miracles.However, this factors become less considerate when it comes to the quality of the professors.For one thing, not only do famous teachers can impart the knowledge, but instill the angle that to solve the problem.To pass on knowledge, a human is no better than a machine or a high-tech tool.The difference lies in the

special ways to get the solutions and the potential inspiration by the former.Take my favorite teacher for example, she often shows us some different way to solve the difficulties.And then she tells us the angle to work out the problem.As for me, it was not until her explanation, that I know about the easier way to work the problem.That is something that high-tech can barely achieve.For another, universities with qualified teachers tend to have higher graduate employment.It is not hard to imagine that a teacher with connections can bring more opportunity to get internship.As an old saying goes, knowledge starts with practice.It is still true now.Students who swamped in labs, would never face the brutal fact that you need a window for people to see what you’ve got.In this way, a well-connect professor can open that for you, instead of lifeless labs.In conclusion, though facilities could promote learning, but it fail to generate more practical merits to students.Recruit more qualified teacher should be paid more attention and stress.

第五篇：新托福写作素材：朋友篇

http://www.xiexiebang.com

在托福写作当中，我们准备的素材是可以直接应用到我们的作文当中去的。积累这些对大家的写作是很有帮助的。这里就为大家整理托福写作朋友篇素材，大家在托福备考的时候可以花一些时间来记一下哦。

People may differgreatly in their standards as to what is the most significant quality of a true friend.真正的好朋友的品质是什么，人们的标准也许因人而异。

A disingenuous lie will ruin one’s reputation and make one lose his or her close friends.一个虚伪的谎言会损害一个人的名誉，使人失去失去朋友。

多样化写作，那托福写作满分的八字箴言还记得吗?亲密的朋友用close friend，也可以用intimate friend还可以用bosom friend这时候可以翻译为知己就这么记：close friends=bosom friends=intimate friends

造句：某人更有可能成为知己

sb are more likely to become bosom friends

当然如果是志同道合的朋友，可以用like-minded friends也可以用congenial friends

再进一步说一生的朋友用lifelong friends

We may，sometimes，make a white lie to our friends out of the reason of benevolence.处于善意，有时候，我们也许会对朋友说一些善意的谎言。

benevolence怎么记住呢?当然用词根词缀法。bene(好)+vol(心

课窝教育 ∙版权所有

http://www.xiexiebang.com

to justify that……从我们的生活中，很容易找到很多的例子来证实……

If a friend falls into incurable illness，his friends of relatives,in most cases,will conceal the truth and comfort him that the chance of recovery is good.如果一个朋友得了难以治愈的疾病，其亲人或者好友多数情况下会隐瞒病情，安慰朋友说康复的机会是非常好的。

Virtually，this white lie could instill new hope and confidence into the patient’s heart.实际上，善意的谎言给患者的心中注入了希望和自信。

Although a white lie is unblamable,sincere friendship and harmonious relationship should be based on mutual trust.尽管善意的谎言是无可指责的，但是，真诚的友谊以及和谐的关系应该基于彼此的信赖。这里的unblamable是无可指责的

Well-intentioned lie is acceptable and understandable.善意的谎言是可以被接受的和理解的。

After all，honesty is the best policy.毕竟，证实为上策。

Frankly speaking out our inner thoughts could earn trust,respect and friendship.说出我们的真实的想法可以赢得信赖，尊敬，友谊。

Sincerity is the most precious quality in many people’s heart of hearts.在很多人的心灵深处，真诚是最重要的品质。

In closing,I would like to re-affirm my conviction that……总之，我想重申我的立场……

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A good friend is someone you feel comfortable when you get together两个在一起很舒服，才是好朋友。

There is nothing more joyful than enjoying the company of your close friends.没有什么比享受知己陪伴更加快乐。

Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚人以群分。

People’s expectations differ greatly in choosing friends.人们对于朋友的期待是不同的。

One of the best ways to keep friends is to mutually return the other in the same way.最好的维系友情的方式之一就是礼尚往来。mutually return the other in the same way就是礼尚往来

Two people could become close friends even if one is financially richer.两人可以成为好友，即使他们的经济背景不同。

one is financially richer=one enjoys a superior economic position一个人更加富有

Even though financial differences might，sometimes，bring about some tension or uneasiness between two friends.即使经济的差异，有时候，会带来朋友之间的一些紧张和不舒服。

A sincere friendship cannot be undermined by factors such as money and social position.金钱和社会地位破坏不了真的友谊。undermine是暗中破

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5句句子翻译练习答案：

Many friends are various，some have deep pocket，some come from humble background，Some are similar to me，earning a living as a teacher，reading and writing，contented with such a simple life.The solid foundation of our friendship can be attributed to like-mindedness，pleasant communication，mutual assistance or the willing to share hardships.Possessing the same amount of wealth is never the criteria of choosing friends for me and many of my friends.Two children can become good friends because they are mutually attracted by the personal strength finding in the partner,even though they have different family and economic background.Materialistic pleasure is usually short-lived，thing of great value can never be bought or measured by money，such as true love or sincere friendship.The willingness to go through thick and thin is what keeps friendship going permanently.适用主题：It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend all the time.一个人不可能永远对于朋友诚实(2011年12月17日托福考题)

适用主题：Two people can become good friends even if one of them has more money than the other.两个经济基础不同的人可以成为好友，是否认同?(2012年02月25日托福考题)

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