新托福模考tpo28综合写作

第一篇：新托福模考tpo28综合写作

In the reading, it mainly talks about that Rorbot E Peary has been to north pole because it has three striking evidneces.However, in the lecture, the professor thinks that the points provided in the reading are not convencing.First of all, the reading points out that at the end of the investigation, the committee has concluded that Rorbot E Peary has been to the north pole.Nevertheless, the professor believes that the committee was not objective at all.Firstly, it was writed by his friends.What’s more, the investigation only msintained for two days and they can get precise conclusion in such a short time.So the committee is biased.In addition, the reading states that the English explorer Tom Avery has proved the truth that the Rorbot E Peary could reach the north pole within 37 days.On the contrary, the professor argues against that there are many distinguishment between the Rorbot and Tom, because at that time, Rorbot had no food and met the most server weather, whichwill make them late to reach the north pole.Finally, the reading concludes that there existd a old phote which was be taken at that time and from the photos, scientists can ensure that the site in the photo was the norht pole.By contrast, the professor objects that the photo can not prove that the Rorbot has been to the north pole because the photo was very old and the scence can not be precisely presented because them use old fishioned ceamar.

第二篇：tpo综合写作26

综合写作26

Reading

The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America.There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in all of North America.First, the history of the zebra mussels’ spread suggests that the invasion might be unstoppable.It is a prime example of an invasion made possible by human transportation.From the zebra mussel’s original habitats in Eastern Europe, ships helped spread it out along new canals built to connect Europe’s waterways.The mussel can attach itself to a ship’s bottom or can survive in the water—called “ballast water“—that the ship needs to take on to properly balance its cargo.By the early nineteenth century, the mussel had spread to the whole of Europe.It was later carried to the east coast of North America in the ballast water of ships traveling from Europe.The way ships have spread the zebra mussel in the past strongly suggests that the species will soon colonize all of North America.Moreover, once zebra mussels are carried to a new habitat, they can dominate it.They are a hardy species that does well under a variety of conditions, and they have a high rate of reproduction.Most important, however, zebra mussels often have no predators in their new habitats, and species without natural predators are likely to dominate their habitats.Finally, zebra mussels are likely to cause a decline in the overall fish population in habitats where they become dominant.The mussels are plankton eaters, which mean that they compete for food with many freshwater fish species.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they support/contradict specific points made in the reading passage.Listening

Narrator

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.Professor

Contrary to what you just read, there are ways to control the zebra mussels’ spread.What's more, it is not so clear that the mussel is a serious threat to fish populations.True, the spread of zebra mussels couldn't be controlled in the past, but that's because people didn't have enough knowledge.In fact, there are effective ways to stop ships from carrying the mussels to new locations.Here's an

example.The way zebra mussels usually travel across the ocean is that a ship takes on some fresh ”ballast water" in Europe and then empties that water into American waterways when it arrives.Full of zebra mussels, but the ship can be required to empty out the freshwater and refill with ocean water while still out in the ocean.Saltwater will kill the mussels.Second, it's true that zebra mussels often don't have predators in their new habitats, but that's only in the beginning.What's been happening in Europe is that local aquatic birds sooner or later notice there's a new food source around and change their habits to exploit it.They switch from whatever they were eating before to eating zebra mussels.And birds can eat a lot of mussels.So zebra mussels aren't so likely to dominate their new habitats after all.Finally, even in habitats where zebra mussels become dominant, is the overall fish population likely to decrease.It's true that zebra mussels may have a negative impact on fish that eat plankton.But on other fish, they can have a positive impact.For example, the mussels generate nutrients that are eaten by fish that feed near the bottom of the lake or river.So bottom-feeding fish populations may increase, even if plankton-eating fish population decrease.一、阅读听力要点概括

Reading Passage

Main points: The invasion of zebra mussel to North America is unstoppable and puts a threat to freshwater fish.Sub point 1: History suggests invasion might be unstoppable.Sub point 2: Mussels can dominate their new habitat.Sub point 3: Mussel threats fish population after they dominate the area.Lecture

Attitude: Contrary.Unsure mussels’ threat to fish population.Sub Point 1: There are effective ways to stop mussels in today’s knowledge.(Salt water)

Sub Point 2: Birds can be predators and eat mussels.Sub Point 3: Bottom-feeding fish may increase while plankton-eating fish decrease but overall fish population only likely to decrease.Answers

二、范文逐段赏析

Paragraph 1

Contrary to what is argued in the passage, the lecture demonstrates how zebra mussels are not likely to become an imperative threat to freshwater fish populations in North America.此段功能：

(Listening passage后文提到用L代替)

(Reading passage后文用R代替)

以L的观点为主要观点，mussels不会对淡水鱼群造成危害。首段一句话即确定全文逻辑为相反，contrary。

此段结构：

作者用一句话总结了全文讨论的问题，并告诉大家全文逻辑为相反。极其单刀直入。大家发现论点很简明时大可不必费心凑两句话再起下一段。

Paragraph 2

First of all, recently uncovered knowledge of zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion.Even though people in the past have not been able to stop the spread of zebra mussels, knowledge and technology may help abate their spread in the future.For example, although a large amount of zebra mussels spread to America by staying in the ballast water that is emptied halfway on the journey across the Atlantic and replenished with sea water, the zebra mussels can be exterminated as soon as they are directly exposed to salt water.此段功能：

以L的观点起头，谈sub topic 1，说明现代科技相比旧时代科技有机会阻止mussels spreading.随后举听力中的具体例子为证明。

此段结构：

此段为总分结构。第一句陈述L的观点(可以阻止spreading)，第二句陈述R中的事实(过去的人确实未能阻止mussel spreading)，第三句呈现L中的事实(咸水可以消灭mussels)反驳R中的事实。

Paragraph 3

Furthermore, zebra mussels do not often dominate a new habitat for a long period of time.The lecture agrees that although zebra mussels may have no predators and reproduce rapidly in the beginning, it would not be long before predators take notice of this new source of food, and develop a taste for it, thus preventing its domination.此段功能：

还是以L观点出发，谈sub topic 2, 说明mussels不会经常统治它的栖息地。L中同意短时期内mussels没有天敌，但没过多久掠食者就会发现这些新的美味从而结束mussels的统治。

此段结构：

总分结构。第一句总结L观点说明mussels完全统治是不成立的。第二句陈列L中同意R的证据。第三句陈列L反驳R的补充理由证据。

Paragraph 4

Finally, zebra mussels alone would not cause the decline of overall fish populations.Although zebra mussels may perhaps cause the decline of plankton eaters, as the passage suggests, they would also provide nutrients for bottom-feeding fish and ultimately cause the population of those fish to increase.此段功能：

讨论sub topic 3, 说明mussels不会造成总体鱼群数量的下降。L说虽然他同意R的观点(mussels造成plankton eaters下降)，但是伴随而来的bottom-feeding fish的数量上升从而导致总体鱼群数量上身。

此段结构：

总分结构。第一句总结L观点。第二句依然是陈列L同意R部分的证据。随后第三句陈列L中补充的证据来反驳R的观点。

三、范文全篇总评

1、逻辑结构

全文遵从总分结构，开头段直接一句话总结+逻辑，展开全文反驳基调。随后三段依照3个分论点依次展开。在分论点的论证中，作者阐明了L的态度，先小幅度同意R的观点，随即立刻补充新证据，反驳R的观点。作者利用R的证据，补充新证据后证明了R原来观点的片面性，从而达到一一驳倒的效果。

2、语言表达

全文十分紧凑，并启用了一些新词语赋予色彩。

其中值得借鉴的词语和句式有：

1.Recently uncovered knowledge of zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion

Recently uncovered:最近新发现的

/Newly discovered/ It is recently found out/

Shed light on: 给与了希望

/Shown/ Given/ Illuminated

2.The lecture agrees although………….(R的观点)………..，….…(L的观点会抵消R的观点)….。

3.Ultimately：最终的，终极的

/Finally/ At last/ In the end/ After all/

Ultimately, the success of his company depends on good marketing.

第三篇：托福 tpo26 综合写作

In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other.The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion.First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable.In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American.However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the “ballast water” will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing.He says that if we refill the “ballast water” with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all.Second, contrary to the belief in the passage that zebra mussel is able to conquer the new habitat due to their high reproduction rates and adaptation ability, as well as lacking predator, the lecturer says that the hypothesis made by author is not true.He mentions that there are many local bird will eat the zebra mussel as a major prey.As a result, the zebra mussel is unlikely to dominate the new habitat.Finally, regarding whether the zebra mussel will cause the decline in the fish population since they may compete for food such as plankton with fish species.The author thinks it is a possible consequence brought by zebra mussel.However, the lecturer refutes it that the mussel can't reduce the fish population because they provide enough nutrient for bottom living fish.

第四篇：托福TPO17综合写作

托福TPO17综合写作范文：鸟类数量减少的原因

在新托福综合写作中，有的同学语言使用的能力还有一定局限，还要刻意追求句式的复杂化，但这样的后果就是写出来的句子个个都有错，个个都有表达不清。其实用最好的词表达最多的内容才是最厉害的写作方式，本文为大家整理了一篇新托福综合写作范文，来源于TPO 17。阅读材料：

In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increasing in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States – birds in particular.Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline.在过去的一个世界，人类数量的增加以及随之而来的农业生产的发展和杀虫剂的增加使得很多美国的野生动物受到了影响，而这种问题在鸟类上表现得更为明显。更加不幸的是，由于人口数量、农业生产和杀虫剂使用的趋势不会改变，美国的鸟类数量将会必然地随之下降。First, as human populations and settlements continue to expand, birds’ natural habitats will continue to disappear.Forests, wetlands, and grasslands will give way to ever more homes, malls, and offices.As the traditional areas suitable for birds keep decreasing, so will the size of the birds’ populations that depend on those vanishing habitats.首先，随着人口数量和居住面积的不断扩张，鸟类天然的栖息地持续地减少。森林、湿地和草原都变成的住宅、商场和写字楼。随着那些传统的适宜鸟类栖息的地方持续减少，失去赖以生存栖息地的鸟类，数量自然是减少的。

Second, agricultural activities must increase to keep pace with the growing human population.The growth of agriculture will also result in the further destruction of bird habitats as more and more wilderness areas are converted to agricultural use.As a result, bird populations in rural areas will continue to decline.第二，为了能够满足增长的人口数量，农业活动也必须随之增加。农业的增加的代价是进一步破坏鸟类的栖息地，越来越多的荒地变成了农业用地。因而，鸟类在乡村的数量也随之持续减少。Third, as human settlements expand and agriculture increases, the use of chemical pesticides will also increase.Pesticides are poisons designed to kill agricultural and home garden pests, such as insects, but inevitable, pesticides get into the water and into the food chain for birds where they can harm birds.Birds that eat the poisoned insects or drink contaminated water can die as a result, and even if pesticides do not kill birds outright, they can prevent them from reproducing successfully.So, pesticides have significantly contributed to declines in bird population, and because there will continue to be a need to control agricultural pests in the future, this decline will continue.第三，随着人类居住地的扩展和农业的发展，化学农药的使用也增加了。农药是用来杀死诸如昆虫之类的生长在农田或者菜园的害虫的有毒物质。不可避免的是，这些农药会进入水系和食物链，进而伤害鸟类。鸟类会吃被毒死的昆虫或者喝污染了的水。这样会导致鸟类的死亡，即便不会不会导致鸟类的立刻死亡，也会影响鸟类的繁殖。所以，杀虫剂会对鸟类的数量有非常严重的影响。同时，因为即便是在将来，还是需要杀虫剂来控制农业害虫，所以，鸟类数量减少的趋势难以改变。阅读部分需要提取的观点是：

-Main point: 三个原因导致鸟类数量减少Sub point 2: 农业用地的增加Sub point 2: 因为新品种作物的种植，农业用地会越来越少

-Sub point 3: 新型杀虫剂的毒性变小，并且正在研制新型抗虫害作物，将来杀虫剂不会继续伤害鸟类

新托福综合写作对语言的要求是清晰表达，准确转述即可(其实独立写作的要求也类似)。没有必要一味地追求语言的华丽，把话说清楚最重要。

第五篇：Eylxzpa新托福写作总结

-+

懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。

—

新托福写作总结

1.认识题目：形式和本质，题库的设计原则和分类以及测试的语言技能

articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively

examine claims and accompanying evidence

support ideas with relevant reasons and examples

sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion

control the elements of standard written English

1)陈述问题和现象的语言能力

2)表达观点

3)对观点进行支持，否定，综合评价的语言技能，包括对推理过程和逻辑的分析

4)分析现象存在的原因

5)表达一件事物或事件的利弊和综合影响的多元化思维和表达能力

6)考生观点不作为评判依据，但是提出观点的视角以及分析问题的能力是语言表达的前提基础，所以是训练的重点，也是考试测试的重点

2.理解宗旨；托福写作考试的目的——逻辑和论证

3.写作的评分体系

作文考试的形式

1.阅读+听记+写作20分钟 字数 150-225

阅读材料为给定的观点加上对观点的支持信息，比如使用事实事例或者逻辑的分析，而听力内容是对阅读材料进行支持或者否定，否定批驳为主，考生需要把握听力中话语人对阅读材料的切入点，以及话语人如何表达怀疑，否定等。作为测试的评分重点在于

1)听力内容所有重点信息的全面与否

2)阅读内容信息和听力内容的相关联

3)语言表达的准确

2.独立写作论文30分钟字数最少300单词

独立写作的入手方式（阅读官方指南287页）

1.题目中关键词语的定义予以质疑和分析

2.按照命题给定的二分体系论证

3.总体抽象的入局

4.细节和个性的处理

5.对命题给定的纷争予以具体界定，提出综合多元思维

The task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim.Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish.For example, you might

1)agree absolutely with the claim,2)disagree completely,3)or agree with some parts and not others

4)question the assumptions the statement seems to be making

5)qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue

6)point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others

7)evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective

8)develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example

作文的评分体系

官方指南288页阅读，提出要点

1)detailed discussion

2)unified

3)coherent

4)varied sentence structure

5)not high-level vocabulary but word choice is correct

6)minor errors

7)the flow of meanings

讲解：

1.300单词（大约15-20句子）的篇章结构布局

2.何谓on-topic /off-topic

3.句子的衔接技术和艺术

4.句法结构的变化和复杂程度

5.小词的理念（OG280页173题 借钱和友谊——如何使用高中词汇写出满分作文？）

6.思维的艺术和美的探索

什么是完美的篇章结构布局？

Introduction 导入段落的功能和内容

得分印象形成的关键

常见的错误（现场写作269页第29题：人类活动和地球争论）

应该写什么内容？

多少句子，多少单词？(1-3个句子，字数在30-80左右)

常用的容易掌握的写作开头方式学习：

1)问题 + 观点

2)观点

3)正反观点+选择

4)现象+问题+观点

5)观点+ 反驳

6)观点+ 支持

main body

2-4段落

每段字数和句子数量 100-150 单词左右，大概5-8个句子

段落的节本结构：三层次理论

段落内部的衔接技术

段落的总分结构体系

段落内部的句法转变

词的选择

段落写作学习的方法：

conclusion

1-3个句子

写作训练的基本方法：

1.上我的课

2.翻译

3.背诵

4.写日记

开头例文：

地球也许并不是为了人类生存才存在并且也许它原本不是今天这个样子的。人类在地球迄今为止上的所有活动无不对地球的健康产生了影响。至于这些影响到底是使地球变得更适于生存还是对地球造成了破坏则是一个永恒无法绝对回答的争议。

The earth perhaps does not exist for human beings to survive and thrive on it and it was, surely, not what it is today.（24words）All human activities on the earth have changed the landscape and exerted impacts on the health of the earth.Have the human activities harmed the earth? Or have the earth has changed a better place to live? The answers to these questions will vary considerably as time goes on and on.总计75 words，如果去掉首句24单词，文章开头依然成立，并且不失分。则构成典型的（现象+ 问题 + 观点）开头风格。文章中作者的观点非常明确，属于典型的中立写作布局开。280页173道题目：借钱和友谊的论证

小词的价值

To borrow money from a friend has little to do with the maintenance of friendship because friendship depends less on money than on the love, honesty, and understanding between them.That is to say to borrow money will make the friendship stronger and closer if they love and understand each other.In this case, friendship will go on and on and on.However, without the love and mutual understanding friendship will be one day gone with the wind.Therefore it is clear that love and understanding is the very basis(foundation)of friendship which has been(figuratively)described as the light on the earth and the salt in the world.Money, on the contrary, is no.段落内部的衔接分析 下文选自大英百科

Social resources are similarly an indispensable prerequisite to a successful innovation.Many inventions have foundered because the social resources vital for their realization—the capital, materials, and skilled personnel—were not available.The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci are full of ideas for helicopters, submarines, and airplanes, but few of these reached even the model stage because resources of one sort or another were lacking.The resource of capital involves the existence of surplus productivity and an organization capable of directing the available wealth into channels in which the inventor can use it.The resource of materials involves the availability of appropriate metallurgical, ceramic, plastic, or textile substances that can perform whatever functions a new invention requires of them.The resource of skilled personnel implies the presence of technicians capable of constructing new artifacts and devising novel processes.A society, in short, has to be well primed with suitable resources in order to sustain technological innovation

段落的学习：翻译练习作业 下文选自大英百科

OG273页81题 关于人和技术

The technological dilemma

二分法思维训练 on the one hand„on the other hand

正反训练rather

因果关系 and so„

Whatever the responses to modern technology, there can be no doubt that it presents

contemporary society with a number of immediate problems that take the form of a traditional choice of evils, so that it is appropriate to regard them as constituting a “technological dilemma.” This is the dilemma between, on the one hand, the overdependence of life in the advanced industrial countries on technology, and, on the other hand, the threat that technology will destroy the quality of life in modern society and even endanger society itself.Technology thus confronts Western civilization with the need to make a decision, or rather, a series of decisions, about how to use the enormous power available to society constructively rather than destructively.The need to control the development of technology, and so to resolve the dilemma, by regulating its application to creative social objectives, makes it ever more necessary to define these objectives while the problems presented by rapid technological growth can still be solved.总分结构的训练

These problems, and the social objectives related to them, may be considered under three broad headings.First is the problem of controlling the application of nuclear technology.Second is the population problem, which is twofold: it seems necessary to find ways of controlling the dramatic rise in the number of human beings and, at the same time, to provide food and care for the people already living on the Earth.Third, there is the ecological problem, whereby the products and wastes of technical processes have polluted the environment and disturbed the balance of natural forces of regeneration.When these basic problems have been reviewed it will be possible, finally, to consider the effect of technology on life in town and countryside, and to determine the sort of judgments about technology and society to which a study of the history of technology leads.Nuclear technology

The solution to the first problem, that of controlling nuclear technology, is primarily political.At its root is the anarchy of national self-government, for as long as the world remains divided into a multiplicity of nation-states, or even into two power blocs, each committed to the defense of its own sovereign power to do what it chooses, nuclear weapons merely replace the older weapons by which such nation-states have maintained their independence in the past.The availability of a nuclear armoury has emphasized the weaknesses of a world political system based upon sovereign nation-states.Here, as elsewhere, technology is a tool that can be used creatively or destructively.But the manner of its use depends entirely on human decisions, and in this matter of nuclear self-control the decisions are those of governments.There are other aspects of the problem of nuclear technology, such as the disposal of radioactive waste and the quest to harness the energy released by fusion, but although these are important issues in their own right, they are subordinate to the problem of the use of nuclear weapons in warfare.Population explosion

Assuming that the use of nuclear weapons can be averted, world civilization will have to come to grips with the population problem in the next few decades if life is to be tolerable on planet Earth in the 21st century.The problem can be tackled in two ways, both drawing on the resources of modern technology.In the first place, efforts may be made to limit the rate of population increase.Medical technology, which, through new drugs and other techniques, has provided a powerful impulse to the increase of population, also offers means of controlling this increase

through contraceptive devices and through painless sterilization procedures.Again, technology is a tool that is neutral in respect to moral issues about its own use, but it would be futile to deny that artificial population control is inhibited by powerful moral constraints and taboos.Some reconciliation of these conflicts is essential, however, if stability in world population is to be satisfactorily achieved.Perhaps the experience of China, already responsible for one-quarter of the world's population, is instructive here: in an attempt to prevent the population growth from exceeding the ability of the country to sustain the existing standards of living, the government imposed a “one-child family” campaign in the 1970s, which is maintained by draconian social controls.In the second place, even the most optimistic program of population control can hope to achieve only a slight reduction in the rate of increase by the end of the 20th century, so that an alternative approach must be made simultaneously in the shape of an effort to increase the world's production of food.Technology has much to contribute at this point, both in raising the

productivity of existing sources of food supply by improved techniques of agriculture and better types of grain and animal stock, and in creating new sources of food by making the deserts fertile and by systematically farming the riches of the oceans.There is enough work here to keep engineers and food technologists busy for many generations.Ecological balance

The third major problem area of modern technological society is that of preserving a healthy environmental balance.Though man has been damaging his environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in

population and in the intensity of industrialization are promoting a worldwide ecological crisis.This includes the dangers involved in destruction of the equatorial rain forests, the careless exploitation of minerals by open-mining techniques, and the pollution of the oceans by radioactive waste and of the atmosphere by combustion products.These include oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, which produce acid rain, and carbon dioxide, which may affect the world's climate through the so-called greenhouse effect.It was the danger of indiscriminate use of pesticides such as DDT after World War II that first alerted opinion in advanced Western countries to the delicate nature of the world's ecological system, presented in a trenchant polemic by the U.S.science writer Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring(1962);this was followed by a spate of warnings about other possibilities of ecological disaster.The great public concern about pollution in the advanced nations is both overdue and welcome.Once more, however, it needs to be said that the fault for this waste-making abuse of technology lies with man himself rather than with the tools he uses.For all his intelligence, man in communities behaves with a lack of respect for his environment that is both short-sighted and potentially suicidal.Technological society

Much of the 19th-century optimism about the progress of technology has dispersed, and an increasing awareness of the technological dilemma confronting the world makes it possible to offer a realistic assessment of the role of technology in shaping society at the end of the 20th century.Interactions between society and technology

In the first place, it can be clearly recognized that the relationship between technology and society is complex.Any technological stimulus can trigger a variety of social responses, depending on such unpredictable variables as differences between human personalities;similarly,no specific social situation can be relied upon to produce a determinable technological response.Any “theory of invention,” therefore, must remain extremely tentative, and any notion of a “philosophy” of the history of technology must allow for a wide range of possible interpretations.A major lesson of the history of technology, indeed, is that it has no precise predictive value.It is frequently possible to see in retrospect when one particular artifact or process had reached obsolescence while another promised to be a highly successful innovation, but at the time such historical hindsight is not available and the course of events is indeterminable.In short, the complexity of human society is never capable of resolution into a simple identification of causes and effects driving historical development in one direction rather than another, and any attempt to identify technology as an agent of such a process is unacceptable.