考研写作

第一篇：考研写作

北京新东方学校国内考试部考研写作主讲教师，王江涛

2011考研英语写作的复习

一、考研写作的命题趋势

二、考研写作的学习方法

一、考研写作的命题趋势

（一）王江涛老师

1990年北京外国语大学本科英语专业

1998年北京大学 硕士

2003年开始在新东方教写作

（二）分析2010考研英语

1、比较难

2、教育部公布的复试分数线：绝大部分专业的英语复试分数线比09年低

至少降低1分；最多的，艺术专业降低了10分，09年42分，10年32分

3、为什么10年分数线降低？因为英语难，尤其写作难。

4、考研大纲5年一变化：

04年增加了新题型，写作变成了2篇

10年，研究生分为2类，一类叫做学术型研究生，一类叫做专业学位研究生。

5、教育部规定，考研英语分为英语

一、英语二。对英语要求高的专业，像法律硕士、医学硕士考英语一，一些专业学位类，像工商管理硕士，艺术硕士考英语二。

6、英语一是201，稍微难一些，英语二是204，稍微简单一些。

（三）分析2010考研英语写作

1.英语一小作文考察的是告示：代表研究生会写一篇告示，招募志愿者。

2、考研大纲提到的2种题型：书信类应用文---书信、备忘录、报告

摘要---给一篇中文文章，写一篇英文摘要。

3、2010年考察的告示在大纲解析中有提过，不属于超纲

4、英语二考察的是书信。

5、针对考研写作，王江涛老师希望大家全面复习，并送给一句话：Nothing is impossible。

6、2011考研无论考英语一还是英语二，小作文有三种题型：这三种题型的可能性各占1/3，即：书信类应用文：书信、备忘录、报告；摘要；告示7、2010英语二的大作文考察的是图表作文，关于手机入网。

8、2010英语一的大作文考察的图画作文：画着一只火锅，火锅里面有很多文字，像儒，佛，道，仁，礼，包括启蒙，后现代，人本，结构，莎士比亚，爱因斯坦，老舍，毕昇，功夫，天鹅湖，梁祝，京剧。另外图画下面有一个文字说明，文化火锅既美味又营养。

9、2010英语大作文的主题是什么？

是正面图画还是反面图画？

如果认为是反面图画---跑题了。

如果认为正反都有---跑题了。

这个图画是正面图画。

如果你空洞的去写文化，那是没有分的。

这个图画的主题应该是文化融合，或者是多元文化，也就是文化融合对世界有好处。

10、针对2011年考研写作大作文

英语一：70%考图画作文，图画或照片

30%会考图表作文，表格、数据、另外还包括提纲作文，一道题目，三点提纲，；以及情景作文，一段话，可以是中文的，也可以是英文的，没有提纲，也没有图画，图表

英语二：70%考图表作文，30%考图画作文，情景作文和提纲作文

（四）小结

不管你考英语一还是英语二，考研英语都会越来越难，写作也会变难；

小作文，书信，告示，摘要这三种题型各占1/3，希望你全面复习；

大作文，英语一重点是图画作文英语二重点是图表作文，但也希望你全面复习。

二、考研写作的学习方法

三个阶段，六个字：六字真经

（一）背诵

-----背诵是提高考研写作最好的方法，也是提高英语实力最好的方法

1、背什么？----20大必背范文，10篇小作文，10篇大作文，小作文100字左右，大作文200字左右

2、文章都背了，但是上了考场还是不会写？---有2个原因，第一个背的不熟

第二个没有练过

3、背诵的程度---滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，多多益善

4、学好写作：大声朗读，大声背诵

5、语感养成：大量背诵

6、要想考上研：每天早晨：半小时晨读，大声朗读20大必背范文

（二）默写

1、仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点----拼写、标点、语法错误。

2、默写的程度：小作文8分钟100词，大作文15分钟200词。

（三）仿写

1、思考词汇、词组、句型，换别的话题也能用。

背诵之后合上书，根据记忆仿写。

2、用什么练习仿写：用真题。

考研的词汇固定、词组固定、句子结构固定、篇章结构固定、选项设置固定、出题规律固定、考点固定 《考研英语高分写作》以真题为主

考研写作真题如何研究？----小作文05-09年一直在考书信，有2种书信反复考，第一种道歉信，考过2次，05，08年，给对方写过一封信，表示道歉；

第二种建议信，给对方写一封信提出建议，考过3次，07给图书馆，08给房东，既是道歉信也是建议信，是两种书信的结合。

考研写作的命题规律----反押题，逆向思维

最常见的出题思路：将以前的经典考题，改头换面，再次考，比如今年的告示，是06年6月17号四级考题；今年的火锅是02年的考题

考研写作大作文六个话题反复考：

健康2次：96年提纲作文（健康），97，图表作文（吸烟）

爱心5次： 95年（希望工程），98年（企业），01（爱心是盏灯），06（小作文：给希望工程捐款）

环境：91（城乡差别：住在城里还是乡下），99（图表，保护野生动物），2000（世界商业捕鱼简史，图画作文，保护海洋资源，），09（小作文，限制使用塑料袋）

两代关系：92（父母与子女沟通），03（温室花朵经不起风），05（养老足球

赛）

文化5次：1类----文化交流、文化融合：02年、10年

2类-----流行文化：93（电视广告），06（偶像崇拜），09（网络）

（四）小结

考研写作复习方法：六字真经，三个步骤----

第一步骤：背诵----滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善

第二步骤：默写

第三步骤：仿写

背诵内容：20大必背范围

提高考研写作最快的方法：背诵考研写作范文。

三、总结

1、命题趋势：小作文：书信、告示、摘要各占1/3

大作文：英语一70%图画作文，英语二70%图表作文

2、学习方法：背诵、默写、仿写

第二篇：考研写作

高级英语阶段性能力测试

考研看图作文模板1……针砭时弊型

As is vividly depicted in the caricature/cartoon/picture, [ detailed description] ……At the sight of the picture, many people would immediately associate it with ……, which is in accordance with normal perception.But it doesn't hold true for this particular picture.In my personal sense, what the drawer intends to mirror is the fact that ……

In the increasingly materialistic society of fast development, the social phenomenon of ….is nor rare to be seen and has continued year after year.A good case in point is that……This evokes a question: why …….Some people would argue that…., with the reason being that…...Others, however, don’t see eye to eye with this argument, protesting that ……Admittedly, both of the statements have some truth in it,but they fail to catch the essence of the phonemonen.As a matter of fact, the fundamental reason accounting for this occurrence is that……..The list of causes could go on, but they are already enough to indicate that these …… are producing more and more negative effects on the people as well as the entire society.They have not only made it impossible for…..to…… but also made it harder for man to……..If allowed to run its course, I am afraid, this trend will certainly bring more serious threats to all the living things on the Earth, mankind included.Therefore, it is time we rethought and took some effective way to put it right such as……I am fully convinced that as long as we have strong determination and willpower, the days when……is not far away.考研看图作文模板2……人生哲理型

Cartoons are often used to represent current public figures or issues symbolically and often satirically or embody something desirable or something that is essential for human beings to survive or survive.This holds true for the drawing presented to us for the time bieng.Vividly and dintinctly, the picture depicts ……What is the message that is supposed to be converyed? Different people may have different intepretations due to their different social expericen and education background.Chances are that some people would probably it indicates the importance of……while others prefer to conclude that it symbolizes ……In my personal sense, this picture is the true reflection of the significance of …..in …..In the present society where competition is becoming growing fierce, people often feel frustrated and depressed in their struggle for success.The reason behind this, I assume, is mainlythe lack of…..A growing number of evidence has proved that …..is key to success.Let me cite a typical and convincing example.If he(or she)had not been ….., he would never be enjoying great fame and popularity with people home and abroad.Another good case in point is that***who once was a constant loser in his study(word, research)but eventually made his mark and brought great contribution to the welfare of human beings.As these examples have illustrated, if you have ….in what you choose to do and in what you want to achieve, you must become the winner in the end.As British novelist and poet G.Eliot puts, it never rain rose.When we want to have more roses

高级英语阶段性能力测试

we must plant them.In other words, miracles sometimes occur, but one has to work terribly for them.It could be safely conclude that to ensure one’s ultimate success, being ……is the most important quality one must possess.

第三篇：考研英语写作必备

考研英语：写作必备词汇(一)

中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day

中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children‘s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day

五四青年节 Youth Day

考研英语：写作必备词汇(二)

中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles馄饨 wonton

火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)

考研英语：写作必备词汇(三)

中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway中国电信 China Telecom扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project中国移动 China Mobile菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan温饱工程 Decent-Life Project中国电脑联网 Chinanet安居工程 Economy Housing Project三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign希望工程 Project Hope西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

考研英语：写作必备词汇(四)

大陆中国 Mainland Chin铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

红宝书 little red book大锅饭 communal pot

红色中国 socialist China关系户 closely-related units四化 Four Modernizations外出打工人员 migrant workers终生职业 job-for-life

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

考研英语：写作必备词汇(五)

基层监督 grass-roots supervision婚纱摄影 bride photo

基础税率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton

婚介所 matrimonial agency机器阅卷 machine scorin

婚外恋 extramarital love

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-base ormationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts

素质教育 education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state台独 independence of Taiwan台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发 Development of the West Regions

可持续性发展 sustainable development

风险投资 risk investment通货紧缩 deflation

扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

网络空间 cyberspace网上购物 shopping online

虚拟现实 virtual reality应试教育 exam-oriented education网民 netizen(net citizen)学生减负 to reduce study load电脑犯罪 computer crime总裁助理 assistant president电子商务 the e-business综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-based;informationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下网 off line

小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

新新人类 New Human Being;X Generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand

虚拟网 virtual net学生处 students′ affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma

摇钱树 cash cow以人为本 people oriented;people foremost义务教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can

应试教育 examination-oriented education system

考研英语：写作必备词汇(六)

The classification for the commodities

1.frozen food 速冻食品 5.personal-care supplies 个人护理用品

2.dairy products 牛产品6.toys 玩具

3.packaged foods 包装食品7.car-care products 汽车护理用品

4.cleaning supplies 清洁用品8.yard-care products 庭院护理用品

考研英语：写作必备词汇(七)

Different stores

1.Convienience store便利店2.Grocery store小卖部

3.Supermarke超市4.Drug store药店

5.Department store商场6.Discount store打折店

7.Factory outlets厂家直销点8.Specialty shop专卖店

9.Shopping mall/shopping center购物中心

Houshold department

dish 碟子silverware 银器cooking utensils 厨具

pots 壶pans 锅

第四篇：考研写作讲义

考研写作讲义

考试类型: 应用文写作(俗称小作文, 10分, 建议考场15分钟完成, 建议字数在100-120之间最好, 低于75字会扣分, 分值10分)

看图说话作文(中国特色之”看图大作文”类型, 20分, 建议考场35分钟完成, 建

议字数在200-230之间最好, 低于160会扣分, 分值20分)

攻克重点: 通常讲,所有的国内外高端考试(国内考研, 国外雅思托福GRE/GMAT, 都是字数

要求多的要写好), 但考研是”双管齐下”, 小作文重在词汇，大作文重在内容和表

达。

评分标准:

1． 一共6个档次，对于坐在这个教室的同学来说只需要关注”四五六”三档,其他的无意义, 三档会得到14-18分, 四档会得到20-24分, 五档会得到26-30分.2． 所有的作文考试基本都是从四个角度去考察和评分: 观点, 结构, 论证, 语言,考研也一样.3． 针对于具体的评分, 我们把握这么一个顺序: 很好完成任务, 较好完成任务,基本完成任务.(考研的评分标准依然借鉴的是雅思)

考试内容:

1.小作文包括信件(商务信函和私人信函), 备忘录, 摘要, 报告, 告示.(前两种最

可能考到, 从2005年开始小作文到现在这4年考的均为信件, 其他形式没有出

现过, 05年辞职信, 06年寻找被资助人, 07年建议信, 08年道歉信)

2.大作文主要为图画作文, 这是中国人具有”中国特色”的一部分, 目前两图和一

图均出现过, 具体统计为: 两图写作（99、00、03、06、07）一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）98年母鸡承诺下蛋;99年人口上升和野生动物灭绝加重;00

年海上捕鱼95年之对比;01年爱心是盏灯;02年文化影响;03年温室花朵的两

种反应;04年终点与起点的意义;05年养老足球赛;06年贝克汉姆崇拜;07年个

人自信;08年一起走南闯北

3.不需在开头写题目.4.格式选择”齐头空行”或者”每行缩进”均可.5.语言需要使用书面语，比如 ad—advertisement, TV—television, lab—laboratory,exam—examination, dorm—dormitory, can’t—can not（疑问句除外）

6.拼写选择美式英语和英式英语均可, 但尽量保持一致, 同时尽量不要出现

chinglish.应考策略:

1.三表原则

表述要……………………..表达要………………………

(词, 句, 篇, 语法错误分析)

表演莫………………………..2.熟悉题型与内容

小作文的类型: 私人信函和商务信函

小作文的内容: 感谢信, 投诉信, 邀请信, 致歉信, 失物招领信, 求职辞职信, 建

议咨询信.(注意现在的”合二为一”趋势)

3.确定结构

无论大小作文, 都需要”总分总”模式.4.理由分类（后面有英文部分）/ 5

A.健康(饮食营养/心情放松/生活习惯/烟酒伤害/生命财产安全)

B.便利(交通/娱乐/吃喝/休闲/购物)

C.交流(技巧提高/家人/朋友/同学/同事/领导/网友)

D.习惯与心理(习惯/兴趣/乐趣/风俗/传统)

E.成就感(成功/荣誉感/自信/财富/动力)

F.环保(生态平衡/从植物保护/环境污染)

G.经济(就业/旅游/收入/税收/投资)

H.品格(自信/有经验/坚韧/上进/独立/负责任/宽容等)

I.教育培训(科技发展/知识增加/职业选择)

J.国家文明(民族/社会/世界/文明)

5.语言润色（复杂句式的练习）

6.话题预测

热点话题: 房子, 股票, 油价的价格上升

地震给人们心灵和社会带来的影响

奥运会举办的积极意义

网络道德的严重性和法律干涉的必要性

恒久话题: 人际关系(自己与周围的人以及和社会或者政府的关系)

教育问题(素质教育等)

环保(重要性, 改善状况, 严重后果)

文化差异(积极影响或者消极影响)

个人健康(身体健康和心灵健康)

词汇汇总：

健康

Dietary nutrition,饮食营养 mentally-relaxed,心理放松 personal life habits个人生活习惯, hazards caused by drinking and smoking抽烟喝酒所带来的伤害, property security财产安全, life security生命安全

便利

Convenient life方便生活(a wide range of transportation means各式各样的交通方式, entertainment娱乐, amusement娱乐, recreation休闲, shopping购物)

交流

Communication(communicative skills交流技巧, with family members, classmates, colleagues and netizens网民)

习惯和心理

Personal habits个人习惯

Personal mentality/state of mind个人心态

Local custom/habitual activities当地风俗

Personal interest/preference/fondness/keenness个人兴趣和喜好

Family ties/emotional ties/affectionate ties/loving relation/intimate relation家庭关系/情感纽带/亲密关系

Personal likes and dislikes 个人好恶

Sense of achievement 成就感

Succeed/ successful /success/successfully成功

Sense of honor荣誉感

Reputation/fame 名望和声望

Privilege特权

Fortune/wealth/property/prosperity财富

Well-off/wealthy/rich/prosperous/better-off有钱的Poor/badly-off/worse-off/impoverished贫穷的Confidence/be sure of oneself/hold a strong belief in oneself自信

Motivation/stimulation动机

Mental pressure/stress/tension心理压力

Environment/environmental protection/conservation/preservation 环境保护

Hold an environmentally-friendly attitude持有环保态度

Ecological balance生态平衡

The preservation of plantation and animals动植物保护

Endangered species/extinct species/fossil濒危物种/灭绝物种/化石

Pollution/contamination(water/air/light/noise/radiation)污染

Acid rain/global warming/decreased level of icecap/greenhouse effects/stagnant air/gases---dioxide nitrogen/sulphur 酸雨/全球变暖/冰帽水平下降/温室效应/污染空气/二氧化氮/二氧化硫/二氧化碳）

Carbon-dioxide)

Economic/economical/financial 经济

Fund-raising activities 募集资金活动

Investment/input of money, material and labor投资/投入钱物力和人力

Save/conserve/conservation of water/land/material/resources节约用水/土地/资料/资源

Tour/trip/journey/travel/tourism/tourism resources have been overly exploited旅游/旅游资源杯过渡开发

/packed tour/self-help tour/tourguide打包游/自助游/导游

Employment rate/unemployment rate 就业率/失业率

Salary/wage/income/revenue/additional income/earnings/收入

Live within/below/beyond one’s means收支平衡/量入为出/入不敷出

Expense/expenditure/the money one expends花费

Taxation税收

Quality: experienced/veteran 素质

Competent/competence有能力

Brilliant/intelligent/quick-witted/quick-minded/bright/people with bright mind聪明

Humorous/a strong sense of humor幽默

Cooperative/a strong sense of cooperation/coordination/competition富有竞争力

Persistent/persevering/strong-willed坚持

Aspiring/aggressive/ambitious上进

Independent/a strong sense of independence/live on my own独立

Responsible/reliable/trustworthy/a sense of responsibility 负责任

Tolerate of/be tolerant of /tolerance宽容

Optimistic/pessimistic 乐观/悲观

Modest谦虚

Brave/with courage/heart/daring 勇敢

Kind/warm-hearted/upright/sincere善良

科技

Technology/technological/technician/科技

Technological innovation 科技创新

Education/schooling/upbringing教育/教学/培养

Training 培训

Advance/progress/development发展

Computer science(cyberize, computerize, insecurity and immorality in the cyber world, addiction in online games)电脑科技（网络化，电子化，网络世界的不安全和不道德性，沉迷于网络游戏

Television(commercial, advertisement, couch potato)电视（广告，电视迷）

Satellite/man-made satellite/artificial intelligence)卫星（人造卫星，人工智能）

Robots(physical hazards, a big threat to the human beings because of the possible result of unemployment, free the humans from the laborious work)机器人（身体伤害，由于导致失业而对人类产生的威胁，把人类从辛劳的工作中解救出来）

Knowledge(knowledge accumulation, knowledge upgrading, career selection)知识（知识积累i/知识升级/职业选择）

Job satisfaction, high/low work efficiency)工作满意，高效工作/低效工作）

About: regarding, concerning, involving, as regards, relating to, with reference to, with respect to, with relation to

Very: fairly, considerably, extraordinarily, remarkably, amazingly, extremely, overwhelmingly, strikingly, exceedingly, dramatically关于

小作文可用词汇:(开头目的)

道歉: apologize, make apologetic comments, express my personal sincere apology, express my regret, being apologetic/sorry/regretful.感谢: being grateful/thankful/benedictory for…, thank sb for doing sth, express my appreciation/gratitude/thanks/acknowledgement

投诉: complain about, make my complaints to you, express my disappointment/concern/discontentment/complaints with your…, draw the possible attention from the authority

求学: inquire about the admission to your school, apply for your school, know the detailed procedure of admission to your school

邀请: write this invitational letter to you, invite you to do …, invite you to participate in …, wish you to accept my invitation to do…

求职: being interested in the job/post/position you offered, write the letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job you offered, as a new applicant of the job you advertised in China Daily, apply for the vacant position of being a … in your company.辞职: quit my job, make the resignation, show my final decision of resigning, send in my papers, leave my current position, find another one to replace me

建议: offer/make my sincere advice/suggestion/suggested ideas/proposal/recommendation, inform you of some of suggested ideas, provide you with some reasonable suggestions for you to consider

结尾词:

期待: expect, look forward to doing, wish, hope that/hope to do/hope for, long for, desire for, look towards

收到回信: hear from you, receive your early response, be formally notified, await your reply, wait for your early reply if possible

没有打扰到对方: hope for no inconvenience this might cause, be deeply sorry for the possible trouble, be wholeheartedly indebted to you

尽可能早: as soon as possible, if possible, as early as possible

中间段落的衔接词:

首先,其次, 然后, 最后: firstly, secondly, thirdly;in the first place, in the second place, in the final place;first and foremost, moreover, additionally, furthermore, eventually, last but by no means least;to start with, to end with, on top of that, in addition to that, added to that, besides, finally, lastly.因果关系: because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by virtue of/on account of;

Because/for/since/as;as a result/consequence/output;

In consequence/in the end/consequently/accordingly/therefore/thereby/hence/thus 转折关系：however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand

越来越多: more and more;the number of … is growing/increasing/on the rise/on the increase

A growing number/an increasing number/a rising number of/an expanding numberPeople in growing numbers/in increasing numbers/in expanding numbers

越来越少: 对应换词即可

第五篇：考研英语写作

高分范文展示：

The global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cooperation.Conspicuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the world.the top of the list which should never be overlooked.First of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this time.Furthermore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the realties.gues, who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over RMB 2 million.Actually, it is not the Day of Judgment.What we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句写法：把句子拉长→加修饰：

(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加从句

e.g.Many peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一个人拥有财产的数量当作评判其社会地位的唯一标准的人们，会很重视追逐奢侈品的生活方式。

(2)n./句子结尾 + v.-ed(en)(被动)/ v.-ing(主动)加分词（定语后置）

e.g.youngsters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究发现，和十年前的5%相比，现在有近24%的年轻白领表示不清楚自己想要什么。

(3)n.+ with + n.(修饰语)加限定词

e.g.A pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure

e.g.Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.当今，很多有钱人喜欢通过买豪车来显示自己的成功和存在。

→These days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：

07 阅读text3最后一段：

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* Looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起来不像是……而更像是……

模仿→05大作文：养老足球赛

From our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依据我们的良知，毫无疑问，大多数这种行为并不能提供合理分配赡养老人义务的机会，相反，它更像是一种加剧中华传统美德“尊老爱幼”走向大规模衰败的危险行为

大作文——开头what、中间why/effect、结尾how

What——虚开头（首段首句）

(1)坊间流传多年的所谓经典套话

As can be seen in the picture given above…

→ Asgiven above…

e.g.悲观乐观 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述

e.g.12002年作文：美国女孩穿着中国传统服饰

There is a beautiful American girl, who is standing over there in a Chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a Chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养

those dishes and cooking ingredients in a Chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲观乐观 What——[描述+宽泛、宏观的点评]（首段第二句）

It is aa significant information that 主题has been in the spotlight in current society主题 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成员关系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句应该有一定层次感，首段第二句提出一个观点/现象，第二段首句再将其具体化/细节化，直击中心。

Why/Effect——实开头：（主题句）+ 原因/影响（内部：自身 / 外部：社会、媒体）+ 例子

(1)主题句：

Among the topic concerning主题（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具体）.e.g.家庭关系

Among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出国留学人数/考研人数/公务员人数(2)引出原因

Several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects.To begin with, _____.Additionally, _____.e.g.中国传统文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影响

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 现象 gives rise

to.To begin with, … Apart from… ,* 表示导致的短语：Contribute to Result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite

* 表示原因：inducement/incentive

e.g.人人考公务员 result in.To begin with, … Apart from … , * Apart from用法：Apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= Besides, … , Google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.* 表示归因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …

(4)举例子

A good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …

e.g.慈善/真正的成功

A good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is Bill Gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能单独提出，例子前面要有一个论点，或者在例子后面要有一个点评和结论，这样才是一个完整的举例（名人名言也同理）。

How——提出建议（Suggestion）：规则、思想、行为

(1)制定规则：

Lay down/Establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼应主题.（敬老）（保护环境）（留学）

(2)改变思想：

Deliver the moderate 主题词 outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.e.g.Deliver the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功观/生活观/物质观/世界观/知识观/能源观

(3)规范行为：

Exert/Implement/Practice the rational 主题词 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/circumstance.circumstance.(4)补充说明方法：名人名言（适用于最后一段提完建议之后）

万能套话：

As a classic saying goes,千里之行，始于足下

应用：提完建议之后

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主题词, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long time.Does it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / Is it possible to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.养老 Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪费

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack time.Does it have opportunities for us to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特别讲解：主体段落的展开（第二段）

(1)单向话题：要么褒，要么贬

原因展开：

The factors contributing to… are vastly complex.Some attribute it to ….Others place the blame on / Others place the high value on ….Still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …

e.g.为什么很多年轻人最终会抽烟

The factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly complex.Some attribute it to(2)双向话题

e.g.中国传统风俗习惯的改变是好还是坏

According to my humble perspective, every sword is double-edged.is both positive and negative.To begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct advantages.On one hand, they On the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to Although / Whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.A good case coming to my mind now isof the Chinese virtues – raising seniors.After all, * 举例子的时候，要实现从手段到效果的跨越（我们要怎么做来达到什么效果）

小作文——Simplified（简明扼要）字数：100-120

* 大作文的套话和模板不能用在小作文中！

* 小作文写作时必须覆盖每个题目要求的要点

(1)Letter——邮件、信件：生活化/接地气

a)邀请信

学术邀请（充满敬意）：

开头：正式邀请（含参会时间和主题）

主体：介绍会议安排

结尾：希望得到正式回复，并确认

Dear Professor ___,It is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具体时间 in/at 地点,which focuses on the topic of主题

The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the 主题involves.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement, including ___.Then at around 时间, 另一个安排.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank

account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款

范文：

Dear Professor Liu,It is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on Jan.1 in The Nation’s Theatre, which focuses on the topic of Chinese traditional culture.The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of Chinese culture may encounter.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 minutes.Then at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “World Needs China”.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.Reply, if you please before next weekend.Li Ming,The Supervisor of XXX

b)申请信

学校组织社团评优，要写申请。你是学校创新社（Innovation Agency）的负责人，请你代表你们社参与评优，写一封申请信。

范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,Innovation Agency – “Most Improved Organization Award”.private tools’ rebuilding the living.building to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..Yours faithfully,Li Ming

c)回复投诉信（对别人投诉的回复和安抚）：承担责任，尝试挽回

有人投诉你负责的勤工助学中心某学生表现糟糕，部分原文：

I will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：

Dear Sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.We really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what happened.candidate training.work for you.Yours faithfully,Li Mingd)销售信（空格处填入产品名）

Last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our ______.We believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two causes.First, we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic clients.Second, we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever produced.And so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our competitors.We believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our claims.We look forward for you to favor us an order.e)现场笔录证明

You’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a passerby.Now the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:

1.The time and place

2.The process of this emergency

Witness on a Crash

It was 时间 in a 星期 night, 日期, when I was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at once.Signature:Li Ming

(2)Notice——通知、告示

a)失物招领（Lost and Found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露

Case: You’ve picked up an ED（电子辞典）

1.Time and place

2.The feature of this electronic dictionary（留一个最大特征来核实对方身份）

3.Your information for contact

Lost and Found

On the evening of 日期regular magazine.of this ED the phone number Sincerely yours,Li Ming