一位俄罗斯院士在中国的演讲

第一篇：一位俄罗斯院士在中国的演讲

一位俄罗斯院士在中国的演讲（肺腑之言2005年）

从1992年开始，俄罗斯实行自由主义的社会经济改革，１２年已经过去，这个结果怎么样呢？我们可以得出一些结论，所有的专家，社会学家、经济学家、人口学家、心理学家、法学家和其他学科的专家都认为，现在俄罗斯社会经历了深刻的制度危机，现在俄罗斯社会的状况非常不妙。我们能够看到什么东西呢？对改革的失望，大家有希望落空的悲痛感，甚至感到被欺骗。

改革的结果使大家感觉到被欺骗了。我们现在已经处在这样一个社会，我们大家谁也没有向往这样一个社会。实际上俄罗斯的改革结果是倒退20年到30年。我们现在不知道往哪儿去，我们在建设什么样的一个社会，我们的未来是什么。所以绝大部分人，不光是对改革感到失望，而是感到恐惧，为自己的孩子，为自己的国家感到恐惧，为国家的未来感到恐惧。

1.经济局势：1989到2000年，俄罗斯国内生产总值，工业产品和农产品的产量下降了一半多，许多工厂停工。

2.社会局势 ：最令人触目惊心的是俄罗斯人收入严重地两极分化。10%最富的人比10%最穷的人要富８０倍。国家已经分裂，一方面是一小批亿万富翁和百万富翁，另外一方面就是绝大多数的穷人。根据俄罗斯新闻界估计，90年代末俄罗斯大概有300万妓女。每年差不多有50万妇女到国外去卖淫。

3.社会治安：犯罪案件急剧增加，针对普通人的犯罪非常猖獗，有组织犯罪渗透到最高的一些权力机关，甚至包括司法机关。犯罪学家认为俄罗斯每5分钟杀一个人。

4.国家与政治：在社会生活的许多重大问题上，普通人民的意见被漠视、被排斥。现在多党制已经变得非常荒唐。有几个党派的存在当然是民主必要的原则，但问题是现在有上百个党派。很多人根本不知道有这些党，上百个党魁争权夺利，只能是妨碍社会的团结和一致。

5.精神和道德 ：一些电视和电视剧把犯罪和黑帮美化。俄罗斯传统的善与恶，是与非已经被破坏了，造成俄罗斯百姓混淆是非，混淆善恶。

6.人口：从1992年起俄罗斯人口逐渐减少，萎缩。这是史无前例的，俄罗斯族减少得最多。最近12年俄罗斯每年要减少80万人。悲观的看法说是，2050年俄罗斯的人口将由2005年的1.427亿减少到１亿人。

7.外交政策：苏联解体之后，特别是后来这12年的自由化改革之后，俄罗斯已经完全丧失了超级大国的地位。它在国际舞台的威望和影响大大的降低。

8.结论：当今俄罗斯的社会制度抛弃了自由主义和社会主义最好的部分。社会调查资料表明，大多数的俄罗斯居民一方面不想恢复过去的苏联制度，另一方面也是坚决拒绝自由化的改革措施。回到过去是不可能了，但是危机状态也不应该成为我们的未来。我认为俄罗斯不仅需要进一步发展经济，也需要一个强有力的国家。

9.寄语：尊敬的同行们，我也想通过今天的演讲告诉中国的朋友们，你们千万不能犯俄罗斯过去10年的错误。因为你知道，这种错误的代价是非常大的，甚至包括很巨大的人员伤亡。如果有人提出斯大林过去肃反，死去了一些人，那么我们10年改革的人员伤亡比过去多得多。还不包括一些热点冲突。加上这些，有几百万俄罗斯人死亡。

中国作为一个伟大的国家和伟大的民族，你们一定要坚持社会主义的思想。我认为社会主义思想不但是俄罗斯和中国人的发明，我们认为是整个人类社会的理想，是全人类的愿望。很遗憾，俄罗斯没有能够实现或者实施社会主义的思想。当今全世界都在注视着中国，包括俄罗斯在内。我们希望你们自己能够向世界证明，实现公正的社会主义社会，能够创建一种高度发达、繁荣、强大的社会。我深信中国能够解决这些问题，能够完成十六大所提出的目标，在21世纪使中国成为一个强大的国家，你们能完成这方面的任务。中国的同行，你们身上有高度的责任和使命，能够向全社会证明你们能够做到这一点。我想说，伟大的中国，你们没有权利犯错误，谢谢大家。

第二篇：2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节

2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节

-------庆祝世界反法西斯战争暨中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年艺术盛典

主办单位：

圣彼得堡市政府、市民族宫 圣彼得堡文化局

中华人民共和国驻圣彼得堡总领事馆 协办单位：

圣彼得堡国立音乐学院 俄罗斯皇家歌舞艺术团 圣彼得堡国立冬宫交响乐团 莫斯科皇家芭蕾舞团 莫斯科爱乐乐团

莫斯科音乐学院室内合唱团 承办单位：

中国舞蹈艺术研究会 中国合唱艺术研究会

俄罗斯联邦圣彼得堡华人华侨协会 俄罗斯亚太合作发展中心 支持单位：莫斯科政府报

ART TVкитайские отношения достигли беспрецедентно высокого уровня всестороннего стратегического сотрудничества и партнерства.---------------Владимирович Путин

俄中关系已经前所未有地达到全面战略合作伙伴关系的高水平。两国扩大了政治对话，加强了人文，文化领域的富有成果的交流合作，这完全符合我们友好人民的利益，也增进了两国友谊“。

--------------弗拉基米尔·普京

关于应邀赴俄参加 2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节的通知

各省、市、自治区老龄委、老干部局、工会、文体局、音协、舞协、合唱协会、舞蹈团体、体协、老年大学、群艺馆、老干部活动中心、工人文化宫及有关艺术团体： 2015年是中俄友好建交66周年，也是世界反法西斯战争暨中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年。我国对俄在经济、政治以及文化交流等领域呈现多元化发展趋势，中俄全面战略合作伙伴关系迎来鼎盛时期。俄罗斯是一个崇尚艺术的民族，彼得•伊里奇•柴可夫斯基、米哈伊尔•伊万诺维奇•格林卡„„一个个灿若星辰的名字连同他们举世闻名的作品一起闪耀在世界音乐的银河中。提起俄罗斯，耳边就响起《莫斯科郊外的晚上》的旋律，美丽的天鹅湖是俄罗斯芭蕾永不落幕的舞台。俄罗斯的文化艺术具有鲜明的民族风格，具有史诗般宏伟的气势，像伏特加酒一样浓烈奔放。由圣彼得堡市政府及总领事馆主办的俄罗斯·中国艺术节将于2015年6月在圣彼得堡隆重举行，来自全国的艺术爱好者们将在圣彼得堡与俄罗斯艺术团体同台交流演出。此次活动受到圣彼得堡市政府大力支持，吸引多家当地媒体报道，意义深远，影响重大。

2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节开幕式

圣彼得堡市政府、市民族宫、中华人民共和国驻圣彼得堡总领事馆官员代表以及莫斯科、圣彼得堡文艺界、商界等各界嘉宾将出席开幕式，欢迎来自中国的中老年艺术团队齐聚圣彼得堡。艺术节总顾问МУРИНА•ЛЮДМИЛА（穆琳娜•柳德米拉）将在开幕式上致辞并宣布俄罗斯·中国艺术节盛大开幕。

2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节闭幕音乐会

由俄罗斯圣彼得堡里黑阿尔蒂斯议院合唱团为此次艺术节做精彩的闭幕音乐会，两国团队共同高歌，歌唱伟大的友谊。此次艺术节嘉宾（拟邀）：

中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯使馆公使衔教育参赞 赵国成 中华人民共和国驻圣彼得堡总领事馆教育领事 彭学刚

俄罗斯联邦会议国家杜马副主席 ШВЕЦОВОВА•ЛЮДМИЛА• ИВАНОВНА（史维撒沃娃•柳德米拉•伊万诺瓦）

国家杜马副主席ШВЕЦОВОВА•ЛЮДМИЛА•ИВАНОВНА（史维撒沃娃•柳德米拉•伊万诺瓦）

顾问ПУДИН•АЛЕКСАНДР•ИВАНОВИЧ（普金•阿列克桑德勒•伊万诺维奇）

列宁格勒州立法会议主席Не Нин（别别宁）列宁格勒州副州长Кузнецов（库兹涅佐夫）

圣彼得堡市政府成员、外联委主席Пула Хо Lianke（普拉霍连科）圣彼得堡市立法会议副主席Suoer Тан（索尔坦）

中华人民共和国礼宾司原副司长、人大外事局原局长

张直鉴 中华人民共和国礼宾司原参赞、原驻美使馆公使

董补明

俄外交部驻圣彼得堡代表Не привязывайте КЛРД（扎别瓦洛夫）世界华侨华人社团联合总会、俄罗斯联邦圣彼得堡华人华侨协会会长 张戎军

莫斯科政府报第一副主编 СТУКАЛОВ•ВЛАДИМИР•АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ（斯图卡洛夫•弗拉基米尔•阿列克谢耶维奇）

俄罗斯龙报社长

李双杰 2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节 / 老战友合唱大赛 时代背景：

我的老战友你现在还好吗？

还起得我们在战壕，在营房，在社会主义建设的田间地头一起合唱的那首歌么？

《阿朋友再见》 《莫斯科郊外的晚上》 《工人阶级向前进》 《共产国际歌》 《八百壮士歌》《黄河大合唱》《咱们工人有力量》 《南泥湾》...每每唱起那一首首慷慨激昂的旋律 那些让”全世界资产阶级都颤抖“的声音 还有”全世界无产者,联合起来"的呐喊 总让人心情难以平静

活动主题：深切抒发无产阶级革命情怀，歌唱祖国，歌唱美好生活。构建健康和谐的生活环境，给广大艺术爱好者一个相互交流、共同展示的平台，在歌唱中体验生活，在音乐中感受人生。报名资格

1.人数：20人以上，50人以下，不含指挥与伴奏。

2.年龄：22岁以上，未满22岁团员人数不可超过全团人数10%，指挥与伴奏不在此限。3.混声、女声或男声合唱团皆可报名参赛。4.只接受业余合唱团参赛，指挥与伴奏除外。5.参赛人员不得跨团报名。

报名资料：

1.报名表。

2.合唱团照片(请以电子文件交付照片，分辨率必须至少300 dpi，纸本照片恕不收件)。

3.合唱团中英文简介(200字以内)、指挥与团长中、英文姓名。

4.合唱团近期影音数据(演出或练习均可，请存光盘邮寄或存放网站，并告知网址)。组委会将甄选团队参加比赛，甄选结果将电话通知并于官网发布

参赛要求：参赛曲目应注意作品的特性和难度需符合各年龄段； 歌曲数目：两首； 演唱时间：15分钟

乐器伴奏：钢琴伴奏； 演唱曲目：自由挑选,演唱风格不受限制；

评分标准

1节奏、音准、音色 2合唱曲目的音响效果

3提交的作品内容，表演风格

4合唱的表现力

评奖方案

1、大赛设金奖，银奖，铜奖，国际指挥大奖，国际钢琴伴奏大奖。

获奖节目将颁发奖杯、证书。优秀组织机构将由圣彼得堡市政府及总领事馆官员亲自授予“中俄国际文化交流贡献奖”并颁发国家荣誉证书。

2、服装及精神面貌：风貌良好，服装整洁统一、美观、大方。

3、组织：队形编排整齐，上下场组织有序。

4、演唱效果：演唱歌曲完整流畅，演唱整齐、音色统一，无中途停唱现象，准确把握音准节奏，咬字准确、吐字清晰，演唱感情到位，面部表情丰富自然，能够较好地表现歌曲意境和音乐形象。

5、专业评委将针对各组别现场点评选手表现，并给予艺术指导。

6、俄罗斯当地网络、报纸、杂志等媒体的现场报导及后续宣传。

7、每个团队将赠送一张大赛演出光盘精彩集锦。文化之旅期间专职摄影师全程跟踪录像，记录点点滴滴，留作珍贵回忆。

此次大赛专家评审（拟邀）Кузнецов Игорь Константинович（库兹涅佐夫·伊戈尔·康斯坦丁诺维奇）俄罗斯功勋艺术家，艺术学大博士，莫斯科国立柴可夫斯基音乐学院教授。Валерий Гергиев（瓦莱里·捷杰耶夫）

圣彼得堡马林斯基剧院首席指挥、艺术总监，鹿特丹爱乐乐团首席指挥。

.ЕКАТЕРИНA•МЕЧЕТИНА（叶卡捷琳娜 • 涅契金娜）钢琴家、莫斯科国立交响乐团独奏国际钢琴“胜利”奖获得者

ВЛАДИМИР•ПАВЛОВИЧ•АНДРОПОВ（弗拉基米尔•巴夫拉维奇•安德罗巴夫）

莫斯科国家大剧院指挥、俄罗斯奥斯博夫学术乐团民族乐器艺术总监及首席指挥

ВАЛЕРИЙ•КУЗЬМИЧ•ПОЛЯНСКИЙ（瓦列里•库兹米奇•巴里昂斯基）俄罗斯民族艺术家、俄罗斯国家交响乐团艺术总监和首席指挥

АЛЕКСЕЙ•УТКИН（阿列克谢•乌特金）俄罗斯国家室内演奏乐团艺术总监、首席指挥及个人独奏

МУРИНА•ЛЮДМИЛА（穆琳娜•柳德米拉）俄罗斯功勋演员、俄罗斯爱乐小提琴交响乐团艺术总监

ЗОСИМОВА•ЕВГЕНИЯ•ОСИПОВНА（扎西莫娃•耶夫金尼娅•阿西巴福娜）俄罗斯功勋演员、俄罗斯荣誉艺术家、莫斯科文化艺术大学教授、校独唱部门主管、民俗乐团“传统俄罗斯”及“卡拉年”团长，并荣获国际级大奖 吴歌：国家一级作曲家、指挥家、河南省原音协主席

陈家海：指挥家、作曲家，国家教育部艺术教育委员会委员，中国教育学会音乐教育分会副理事长、合唱指挥学术委员会主任，世界华人合唱艺术联合总会常务副主席，河南省音乐家协会副主席，河南省合唱协会会长。

万山红

：中国歌剧舞剧院著名女高音歌唱家，中共党员，国家一级演员，第九届、第十届全国政协委员，第九届全国青联常委，中国音乐协会理事，中国戏剧家协会会员，享受国务院突出贡献津贴专家，中国音乐学院声乐系研究生，中央戏剧学院导演系研究生。徐俊松：原安徽省音乐家协会副主席、省合唱协会主席、金安徽合唱团创始人兼团长 程桂兰：

总政歌剧团著名女高音歌唱家，歌剧表演艺术家，评弹表演艺术家。国家一级演员，原总政歌剧团副团长、艺术指导。中华民族声乐艺术研究会常务理事，中国音乐家协会会员、中国戏剧家协会会员、中国曲艺家协会会员，中国世界民族文化交流促进会理事。享受国务院政府特殊津贴。

萧白：中国著名作曲家、指挥家，国家一级作曲。历任上海歌剧院、上海乐团、哈尔滨歌剧院、上海音乐学院等院团的指挥、客席指挥或客席教授。曾担任中国合唱协会副理事长、上海音乐家协会合唱分会理事长，现为中国合唱协会常务顾问。此次艺术节隆重邀请“俄罗斯圣彼得堡里黑阿尔蒂斯议院合唱团” Russia San Petersburgo Lege Artis Camara Choirs 这个团由现任指挥策划创建于1987年，由29位来自圣彼得堡中央音乐学院的青年人组成。合唱团于1988年2月14日在圣彼得堡阿雪桑德尔，布什金博物馆举行了首演。此后它在 俄罗斯及国内外逐渐出名。1995年在德国达姆斯丹举行的国际合唱节上囊括全部一等奖。1994年，在英国女王陛下及其随从访问圣彼得堡之际，为其举办了演出。

合唱团拥有最纯净的圣彼得堡风格，它不仅演唱俄罗斯大师的作品，还经常演唱巴赫，舒曼等德国合唱作品。

2015俄罗斯·中国艺术节 / 红色舞蹈·服饰·武术表演大赛 时代背景：

2015年是世界人民反法西斯胜利及抗战胜利70周年。中国的抗日战争，苏联的卫国战争，将世界反法西斯战争推向高潮。中国人民与苏联人民并肩奋斗，抒写了一段可歌可泣的历史传奇。一个新时代的肇始，一个劳动者的国度，一个引领世界的红色国度，一曲可歌可泣的世纪悲歌。睡美人、马赛曲、红罂粟花、红色旋风、红色娘子军、十送红军、咱们领袖毛主席。。一段段红色革命舞蹈勾起了我们对那个战火纷飞的年代的回忆，全世界的人们为了自由一起战斗。

活动主题：讴歌祖国和党，庆祝反法西斯胜利70周年，缅怀那些为了自由抛头颅洒热血的革命先烈，赞美我们今天的幸福生活，同时意在传承华夏文明，弘扬民族文化，带动世界华人对中国传统文化的认知，引导广大青年留学生感知中华传统文明的魅力，弘扬民族气节，宣导弘志明德、勤劳朴实的良好风气

参赛条件：凡中国公民、世界华人、华侨均可参加。凡是赞颂友谊、促进团结、内容健康、积极向上，尤其欢迎具有风格浓郁、有鲜明的地域特征、反应此次活动主题的节目。参赛类 别：

舞蹈组： 民族民间舞、芭蕾舞、古典舞、当代舞、体育舞蹈、国标舞及群众舞蹈等（鼓励原创）

服饰组：时装、民族服饰、运动服饰等 综合组：乐器 武术 戏曲 书画 诗歌朗诵等 参赛年龄：18周岁-75周岁 评奖方案

1、大赛设金奖，银奖，铜奖。获奖节目将颁发奖杯、证书。优秀组织机构将由圣彼得堡市政府及总领事馆官员亲自授予“中俄国际文化交流贡献奖”并颁发国家荣誉证书。

2、服装及精神面貌：风貌良好，服装整洁统一、美观、大方。

3、组织：队形编排整齐，上下场组织有序。

4、专业评委将针对各组别现场点评选手表现，并给予艺术指导。

5、俄罗斯当地网络、报纸、杂志等媒体的现场报导及后续宣传。

6、每个团队将赠送一张大赛演出光盘精彩集锦。文化之旅期间专职摄影师全程跟踪录像，记录点点滴滴，留作珍贵回忆。

此次大赛专家评审（拟邀）评委：

Фой, Пакт

славянских

• Михайлов（弗耶契斯拉夫•米哈伊洛夫•戈尔杰耶夫）

俄罗斯人民演员原莫斯科大剧院芭蕾舞团前艺术编导

俄罗斯莫斯科州俄罗斯芭蕾国家剧院团长 苏联人民 演员卓越的俄罗斯芭蕾舞蹈家

ВЛАСЕНОК•ГАЛИНА•ВЛАДИМИРОВНА（弗拉新娜克•卡琳娜•弗拉基米罗夫娜）

俄罗斯功勋演员、俄罗斯国家电视广播音乐节总导演和舞台节目主持人

СУДЕЦ•ТАТЬЯНА•АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА（苏杰茨•塔季扬娜•阿列克桑德拉夫娜）俄罗斯功勋演员、俄罗斯电视台播音员和主持人、莫斯科文化艺术大学副教授、希腊“银海豚”和保加利亚“做好事”栏目评委会主席。

Lucinde lane：英皇芭蕾舞高级导师，艺术硕士，拥有十余年芭蕾教学经验，指导学生参加RAD考试通过率百分之百。2011年被授予英国皇家芭蕾舞学院高级舞蹈院士文凭，为世界顶级舞蹈学院输送大量优秀人才。

Sergei kudashov：俄罗斯拉丁舞高级导师，持有国际专业拉丁舞S级证书，舞龄24年，教学7年经验，擅长十余种舞种。曾付德国、英国参加IDSF拉丁舞国际赛事评委。曾任职埃及编舞教材和拉丁舞团导师。

Yanay：古巴现代舞、芭蕾舞高级导师，毕业于哈瓦那民族艺术学校舞蹈专业。有五年职业艺术学院芭蕾舞教学经验，在数届舞蹈大赛及国家庆典中获奖。参与过由古巴国家芭蕾舞协会发起的同加拿大学校进行国际文化交流的有关芭蕾舞教育方法论课程研讨，做出突出贡献。

姬茅：中国芭蕾舞发展研究中心副主任、国务院舞蹈学硕士学位点评审专家、中国民间舞研究会副会长、中国舞蹈艺术研究会会长

陈爱莲：著名舞蹈表演艺术家，中国舞蹈家协会副主席，中国歌剧舞剧院舞蹈家兼编导、教员。第六届、第七届、第八届、第九届全国政协委员、中国对外文化交流协会理事、中国演出家协会理事、中国田汉基金会理事。

冯双白：文学博士、著名舞蹈理论家和评论家、编剧、大型晚会策划人和撰稿人，现任中国舞蹈家协会副主席、分党组书记，中国艺术研究院博士生导师。

汪洌：著名舞蹈家，中国文华大奖获得者。国家一级演员、导演，毕业于北京舞蹈学院，现任中国舞蹈家协会理事，广东省舞蹈家协会专职副主席，国际赛事评委

孙杰：国务院政府津贴专家、国家一级演员、原中央芭蕾舞团首席演员、现任北京舞蹈学院芭蕾舞系教师

莫斯科国立芭蕾舞剧院---大型经典芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》

Московский государственный театр балета---Большой классический балет Лебединое озеро 俄罗斯莫斯科国立芭蕾舞剧院成立于1979年，该团始终保持着俄罗斯芭蕾的传统风格，台风极其严谨。该团已成功地举办了多场演出，使俄罗斯的芭蕾艺术驰名世界。该团的演出带给观众真挚、高雅、清新脱俗的感觉。

该团拥有20多名国际芭蕾舞比赛获奖演员，曾出访过德国、英国、美国、墨西哥、印度、西班牙、丹麦、瑞典、奥地利、澳大利亚、挪威、比利时、中东等国家和地区，在世界闻名遐迩。他们的演出极具激情和活力，在国外演出时，热情的观众不让他们离开舞台，演出结束时，观众常常一次又一次地要求加演，曾被当地的人们称为“所见过的最好的芭蕾舞剧院。”

该团获得过许多奖项，如：曾在意大利米兰获得过金奖。在德国演出时，当地的报纸曾称该团是“社会和文化生活中一颗耀眼的明星”、“世界艺术舞台上的一朵瑰丽的奇葩”，十万多名观众观看了他们的精彩演出。1991年，该团被冠名“芭蕾艺术的杰出代表”，并获得西欧剧院联合会授予的“欧洲最优秀的芭蕾舞团”的荣誉称号。圣彼得堡国家大剧院

Российский государственный академический Большой драматический театр имени Г.А.Товстоногова

圣彼得堡国家大剧院是俄罗斯唯一的以抒情剧目及现代艺术同时上演的剧院。它位于彼得堡历史中心彼得堡科夫方向。如果回忆历史，曾经沙皇尼古拉二世在这里进行了罗曼诺夫王朝300年的庆祝活动，在这里尼古拉二世还进行了接待俄罗斯贵族的接待仪式。这是人人都能够得到享受的剧院，一个世纪前这是一座现代化的艺术品，它拥有神奇的水设施和喷泉设施。在几个月之内剧院已经成为世界上最宏伟的剧院之一。它有1360个座位，从那时开始圣彼得堡国家大剧院已经成为欧洲最大的剧院大厅之一！它的节目由多种艺术方式组成。这里演出配置齐全，光导背景，豪华服装。在这里拥有一批优秀的人民演员和功勋演员，并涌现出许多具有新的艺术特色的演艺天才，比如奥列卡.瓦勒达沙娃、阿那多里.图卡什、瓦达里.普萨了夫，尤里.斯科罗霞托夫，谢尔盖.萨夫琴科等。

艺术节费用： 请咨询组委会。

报名截止：2015年2月。为保障行程顺利圆满，并且由于国际机票等价格起伏不定，团员报名截止前须交每人五千元预付款，以便组委会提前预定国际段机票、酒店、签证等。如在出发前遇到特殊情况，可于出发前至少一个月申请退款，已确认项目不退。

圣彼得堡联络处：

圣彼得堡市莫哈瓦娅街15号，市政府民族宫办公楼五层六号

191028 Санкт-Петербург, Моховая ул., дом 15, 6йж No.6 Land line： 007-812-9924231 中国区组委会联络处：

深圳市深南大道6006号华丰大厦1806室（深圳广播电视集团对面）Land line : 0755-23996251 /33160661

FAX: 0755-23996251 Tel：*** 欧阳老师

*** 李老师 Email：lotusstyle@sina.cn Website：www.xiexiebang.com Weichat:cdara111

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第三篇：中国鞋子在俄罗斯的市场营销策略

中国鞋子在俄罗斯的市场营销策略

我们要根据中国鞋子制品的优势以及在俄罗斯鞋子市场的合作前景、出口现状、存在问题,要通过政策导向,作好俄罗斯市场定位和市场分析,加强营销管理的针对性,并通过选择适宜的合作竞争战略及方式,提高冲破俄罗斯进口壁垒的能力以及扩大鞋子产品出口的规模和优化结构。

一我国鞋子制品行业分析

我国鞋类产品是十大主要出口产品之一 , 为国民经济发展,增加出口创汇,繁荣市场,满足消费,拉动内 需和安置就业等方面发挥着积极的作用.从 1995 年到 2006 年的短短十几年期间 , 依靠充足的劳动力,丰富的 原材料资源等有利因素 , 我国鞋类产品的生产和出口持续快速增长 , 逐渐成为全球鞋类生产和出口第一大国目前 , 我国制鞋业已具备了很强的国际市场竞争力 , 但在快速发展过程中存在如下几个方面的问题 : 第一 , 制鞋业进入门槛较低 , 我国制鞋行业中的中小企业所占比例很大 , 导致的生产企业多,产能过剩造 成经营秩序混乱,低价竞争现象严重;第二 , 我国现代制鞋业的发展历史短 , 以低档次, 低附加值产品出口为主, 缺乏自有品牌的问题仍旧突出 , 产品在国际市场上缺乏品牌竞争力;第三 , 我国制鞋工业的科研投入不足 , 产品的技术含量和附加值低 , 缺少自主知识产权产品 , 在国际市场 上缺乏技术竞争力;第四 , 我国制鞋行业的设计力量落后 , 科技, 管理人才奇缺 , 消化吸收国外新技术, 新成果的成功率较低;第五 , 对部分国际市场依赖程度较高 , 易受国外关税和非关税贸易政策的影响.我国鞋类出口竞争力的优势分析 ：经过多年的发展 , 我国已经形成了广州,温州,泉州,成都四大主要制鞋基地和相应的材料市场及相关配 套企业 , 围绕制鞋,鞋材生产,生皮加工,鞋五金配件和鞋样开发设计等诸多的相关产业也发展成熟 , 形成了 良好的产业链.这种产业的集聚为企业创造了很多竞争优势 , 降低了企业之间的交易成本.同时 , 由于产业链内充分的社会分工 , 每个环节都达到较高的熟练程度 , 形成较高的整体劳动生产率 , 从而提高鞋业的整体竞争 力.另外。其次，我国有充足的劳动力 , 为制鞋行业提供了丰富的人力资源 , 从而形成了稳固的工业基础.我国是人口大国 , 丰富的劳动力资源和低廉的劳动力成本已成为我国经济发展和吸引外 商投资的重要因素.由于我国的劳动力成本较低 , 所以出口鞋类的价格明显低 于意大利,西班牙,巴西,日本,韩国等国家 , 有些甚至低于越南,泰国等国的出口产品价格 , 显示出较强的 价格优势.随着制鞋技术的进步,机械化水平的提高,制造工艺的改进,鞋类材料质量的提高以及工人素质的不断提 升 , 我国的皮鞋,塑胶鞋,纺织面鞋在加工质量方面已经得到国内外消费者的认可.从出口检验情况看 , 产品 的开胶率,勾心抗弯刚度,剥离强度,耐折牢度,耐磨性能,标识等均能符合出口国家的标准规定.我国鞋类出口竞争力的劣势分析 ： 我国鞋类生产存在着产能过剩,成本上升,产业链低端,研发,品牌及营销投入不足等问题.行业恶性竞争严重 多年来 , 我国制鞋业一直以典型的粗放经营模式发展 , 低价竞销现象严重.目前我国鞋类产品的生产能力 已经大大超过市场的容纳能力 , 产品价格一降再降 , 市场竞争达到了白热化程度.粗放经营,以量取胜的做法严重地阻碍了我国制鞋工业的进一步发展.企业研发力量不足,人才匮乏 我国制鞋业科技力量薄弱 , 科技进步贡献率很低 , 科研,开发,设计,信息等方面的人才及相关的软硬件 匮乏.制鞋企业多为低水平重复 , 自主设计比重小 , 舒适性,功能性新产品的研究与国外差距很大 , 结构性矛 盾非常突出.低价竞争使得我国制鞋业根本无力顾及科技的投入 , 从而进入恶性循环.人才的不足主要体现在经营管理人才,营销人才和科技人才的不足.缺乏国际知名品牌 目前我国鞋类产品已经有了中国名牌,驰名商标等 , 但这些品牌在国外的知名度和市场占有率很低.世界 知名品牌鞋的原产地基本上都是中国 , 都是国际品牌在中国做贴牌加工的 , 中国企业只负责生产.由此看出 , 二，俄罗斯市场分析

近年来，俄罗斯本国鞋类生产能力有所增长，但因产品款式陈旧，品种单调，无法满足市场的需求。因此，俄罗斯鞋类市场主要依赖进口。如果俄罗斯保持政局稳定，经济持续增长，俄罗斯消费市场对于鞋等生活必需品的需求量会逐年增加，对产品品质要求也会不断提高。

就俄罗斯鞋类产品进口种类而言，皮鞋所占比例最大，进口量4457万双，进口金额为6.7亿美元，占鞋类产品进口总额的57.3%；塑胶鞋进口量为4948万双，进口金额为3.5亿美元，占总额的29.9%；纺织面鞋进口1105万双，进口金额为8409万美元，占总额的7.2%。

俄罗斯进口鞋类产品主要来自中国、意大利、越南、波兰等国家。俄罗斯鞋类进口市场中，我国鞋类产品的档次较低。2006年，俄罗斯成品鞋的进口均价为10.49美元/双，比2005年增长了30.5%。其中皮鞋的进口平均单价最高，达到15.12美元/双，塑胶鞋进口平均单价最低，一双仅为7.06美元。

从俄罗斯进口鞋类产品平均单价来看，罗马尼亚近三年的进口平均单价为29.60美元/双，是从中国进口鞋平均价格的4倍多。就进口数量和金额而言，中国鞋类在俄罗斯市场占有绝对优势，但价格较低，各类鞋的平均单价均低于俄罗斯进口市场的平均单价，从中国进口的鞋类产品大多为低档产品。

据俄经济发展贸易部下设的经济学研究所估计，此后的5-10年俄罗斯鞋类销售可望以12-14％的年增长率增加。特别是未来几年俄罗斯经济若能持续增长，则品质较高的鞋所占市场比重将会逐渐增加。从俄罗斯自己的生产能力来看，目前大约有近300家大中型鞋类生产企业，尽管在近几年生产能力有所增长，但是俄罗斯鞋类市场上70-80%的产品仍然来源于进口。目前俄罗斯的鞋业市场形成意大利货、中国鞋和俄罗斯本国产品三分天下的局面。俄罗斯是意大利鞋的第二大进口国，仅次于日本。意大利业者一向是皮鞋界的龙头老大，旗下拥有一批优秀的设计师和制造工厂，这种优势在俄罗斯市场仍是他国业者无法超越的。由于在过去几年俄罗斯本国生产者原料不足，在设计性和新颖性方面，俄罗斯产品比不上进口产品，大部分业者一季最多推出５至６款新鞋，但是现在俄罗斯轻工业现在发展迅猛，俄罗斯经济发展与贸易部副部长安德烈·别洛乌索夫认为，俄罗斯轻工业完全有能力让俄罗斯人穿上国产的服装鞋帽，这些产品至少不会比中国生产的同类产品逊色。目前国家正在制定一系列鼓励本国生产商的措施，其中包括降低进口原料关税等。莫斯科鞋子修理市场潜力大。

莫斯科人每年用于修理鞋子的开支达到了3.5-4亿美元。目前在莫斯科柜台每年销售的鞋子约为2.5亿双，莫斯科鞋子市场以年6-8%的增速稳定增长。因此专家估计，莫斯科的鞋子修理市场也具有不错的前景。莫斯科服务和消费市场部副主任表示，由于城市机关部门对日常服务等领域的支持，莫斯科的鞋子维修市场在飞速发展。尽管有些人抱怨竞争激烈，但事实上目前在中等修理厂每天都能接到20-30个定单。跟中国一样，经常维修鞋子的人中女人占大部分，毕竟女鞋在市场上的份额比较大，为48%，而男鞋-24%，童鞋-28%。中等维修厂的服务价格清单。

三营销策略：

市场竞争日趋激烈，市场细分也日益明显。一个企业在营销上的优势会逐步弱化。面对新形势，就要及时调整营销策略。实行“一牌多品”，进行产业延伸，也有的实行“一品多牌”，实行精耕细作，立 体作战。无论何种营销策略，要想进一步提高本企业产品的市场占有率，达到营销制胜的目的，就必须创新销售方式。据调查，任何一种营销方式都有其一定的周期性，传统的营销渠道包括连锁专卖，在提供购买的便利性、保持产品的新鲜度以及产品与价 格的等价性都是一个很大的问题，如专卖店和商场的商品，为支撑其品牌的形象，就必须在装潢、形象方面下大力气，这些都将增加运营成本，最终这些成本的等价性方面就成了一个很大的问题。又如传统不同品牌间的专卖店是分散型的分布，消费者为购买同一类型的产品，为货比 三家，不得不一家一家地寻找等等，为此，对传统的渠道进行手术，以提高消费者满意度为根本，提供消费的便利性、消费的物有所值性的渠 道变革就成为必然。为此，解决“看得到”、“买得到”、“成本低”、“档次高”的问题已成为当前企业家们必须研究的课题，同时在已有 专卖店、商场店中店等渠道的基础上，提升服务质量、增强整体的竞争能力也势在必行。忧患中探索“零距离”销售 世界营销大师米尔顿·科特勒曾指出。鞋业品牌要在当今及未来的鞋业营销市场上制胜，就必须满足消费者的内在需求：提高品牌的高附 加值、提供购买的便利性、保持产品的新鲜度以及产品与价格的等价性等，这些都成为激发消费者发生购买行为的首要因素，为此对渠道进行 变革、对终端进行拉动、对品牌进行再造显得非常必要。如今，广大企业都很注重实施品牌战略，一些已创出品牌产品的企业，更是积极利用品牌扩大经营，以期得到理想的品牌战略效益。然而，品牌经营虽可给企业带来显著效益，但它并非真正意义上的战略举措。

我们采取会员制营销策略，会员营销包含主动营销及买家粘度培养等方面，针对不同类型的会员，需要使用不同的方式。其核心是以用户需求与用户价值为导向，整合多种营销方式，提高用户满意度及其价值。这里将引入客户生命周期的概念，讲解不同阶段对会员可以做的事情。在客户生命周期模型中，按照会员的价值及状态不同，分为5个周期：客户获取、客户提升、客户成熟、客户衰退、客户离开。其中和重复购买率关系较大的是提升期与成熟期。客户提升期 这一阶段的客户在店铺中产生过一两次成交，对店铺的服务与质量有了一个初步的认识，但是还没形成长期购买的打算。

对于这个阶段的客户来说，需要重点考虑的问题是：如何把刚获取的客户培养成高价值客户，使其产生更多的成交次数。主动营销是这个时期常用的手段，目的是刺激用户需求，促使他们向成熟期过渡。常用的通道包括短信、电子邮件、旺旺、客服回访等。客户成熟期

培养客户忠诚度是客户成熟期需要考虑的问题。通常这一群体重复购买次数最多，给店铺带来的价值最大。对于这个群体，需要考虑的是如何通过差异化的服务和购物特权留住这些客户，保持在店铺中的消费习惯。其核心思想是告诉客户他们的每一次购物行为，都会在店铺中积累价值，因此会得到更好的服务以及更优惠的价格。

国 际 市 场 营 销

第四篇：卡梅伦在俄罗斯国立大学的演讲

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Speech at Moscow State University in Russia

David Cameron 12 September 2011

It’s great to be back in Moscow.I first came to Russia as a student in the year between school and university and I took the Trans-Siberian Railway from Nakhodka to Moscow.I went on to the Black Sea coast and when I was there two Russians, who spoke perfect English, turned up on a beach that was reserved for foreigners.They took me out to lunch;they took me out to dinner.They asked me intriguing questions about life in England, about what I thought about politics.And when I got to university I told my tutor about this and he asked me whether I thought it was an interview.Well, if it was, it seems I didn’t get the job.My fortunes have improved a bit since then and so have those of Russia.Moscow today is vibrant.Gone are the utopian slogans and the empty streets and shops.Today, Moscow is a bustling, colourful city that never sleeps.Russians have far more freedom to travel and the internet offers the ability to communicate with the world in a way that would have been unimaginable back then.Perhaps above all, there is a new energy here and with it a real sense of pride in Russia’s identity.Now, the relationship between Britain and Russia has improved too, certainly since the tense period of the Cold War, but there does remain the strong sense that we are still competitors.We both want the same things – prosperity, security – but we often behave as if we think we have to compete with each other in order to get them.As if Britain’s prosperity comes at the expense of Russia’s and vice versa.As if Britain being more secure means Russia being less secure.As if every issue must involve one of us winning and the other losing and the only question, therefore, is who wins and by how much?

Now, my message today is very different to that.Yes, of course, I accept that Britain and Russia have had a difficult relationship for some time and that we should be candid in areas where we still disagree, but I want to make the case this morning for a new approach based on cooperation.Right now, we both face enormous challenges, from providing for our ageing populations and securing sustainable economic growth to protecting our countries against a global terrorist threat.The countries that will be successful in the 21st century will not be those that hunker down, that pull up the drawbridge, that fail to overcome their differences with others.The successful countries will be those that work together and look to people like you – young, ambitious, with a national pride but a global vision – to help shape their future.So we face a choice: we can settle for the status quo where in too many areas we are in danger of working against each other and therefore both losing out, or we can take another path that is open to us – to cooperate, to work together and therefore both win.Today, I want to make the case that – let me try this again carefully – Вместе мы сильнее: together we are stronger.I studied economics not languages at university.I think that’s probably apparent.So let me start with the economy.Now, some people talk about trade as a competition in which one country’s success is another country’s failure.That if our exports grow then someone else’s will shrink.But the whole point about trade is that we are baking a bigger cake and everyone can benefit from it and this is particularly true, perhaps, of Russia and Britain.Russia is resource-rich and services-light whereas Britain is the opposite.In fact, Britain is already one of the largest foreign direct investors in Russia and Russian companies already account for around a quarter of all foreign initial public offerings on the London Stock Exchange.So we’re uniquely placed to help each other grow, but much of that growth won’t just happen of its own accord.I believe we have to help make it happen by working together in three ways: first, by creating the best possible business environment for trade and investment;second, by developing our partnership in key growth sectors like science and innovation where Britain and Russia have particular complementary strengths;and third, by working together on the global stage to help create the stability and security on which our future prosperity depends, and I want to say a word briefly about each of those three.Both our governments need to remember that businesses don’t have to invest in either of our countries, they choose to and we need to help them make that choice.That means ensuring the effective and predictable rule of law, not least so that companies can be confident that payments will be made promptly and that contracts will be enforced.It means getting to grips with our national finances so the budget deficits don’t undermine confidence and macroeconomic stability.It means creating a workforce with the skills and creativity to compete in the 21st century.And it means getting our tax rates low and competitive, minimising the burden of regulation so that business and entrepreneurship can flourish.This has been a real priority for me since I took office over a year ago.Britain has taken some really tough decisions to get to grips with a record budget deficit and we are working hard to create the best possible environment for business.We are creating the most competitive corporate tax regime in the G20.We are cutting the time it takes to set up a new business and we have issued a ‘one in, one out’ rule for regulation so that any minister who comes to me wanting to bring in a new regulation has to get rid of an existing one first.Today, I believe Britain offers Russia the strongest business environment in Europe and the lowest barriers to entrepreneurship almost anywhere in the world.We want to work with you to help strengthen Russia’s business environment too, so more British businesses can invest here, creating more jobs and better value products for Russian consumers and therefore more prosperity for all of us.UK goods exports to Russia are already £3.5 billion;that is up 50% on the last year alone and they’re growing by almost two-thirds in the first half of this year.We want to do everything we can now to build on this and take our trade and our investment to a new level.That is why we will support Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organisation and it’s why I’ve brought with me such a strong British business delegation with companies like BP that is responsible for Russia’s biggest foreign investment.Today, we are signing new deals worth £215 million, including Kingfisher opening nine new stores over the next three years, an important collaboration between Rolls-Royce and Rosatom on civil nuclear cooperation.At the same time, we’ll also be – we will work to give small and medium-sized companies the chance to trade.We should remember that it will be these companies not the biggest companies that will provide the lion’s share of the growth and jobs of the future, and what I said about choosing to invest and choosing to stay and the need for effective and predictable rule of law to ensure payments applies particularly to those small and medium-sized companies.But opening up trade and investment is not enough on its own.As governments, we need to support the innovation and entrepreneurship that can drive growth.Vital to this, as Prime Minister Putin has said, are breakthrough ideas in science and technology.In this UK-Russia Year of Space we are already seeing the foundations of great cooperation in medicine and satellite technology which is improving global disaster monitoring and earthquake predictions.Go into a Russian secondary school this month and, for the first time, there are plastic display computers robust enough to be dropped on the ground, funded by RUSNANO and developed by Plastic Logic, a spinoff from Cambridge University.Today also sees the launch of Pro Bono Bio, the result of a two-year Anglo-Russian project to create a new international pharmaceutical company with a unique humanitarian mission, offering free drug donations to Africa based on the sales of its products in Western Europe.I believe we can do even more in this vital sector and many of you can play a role in helping us to do so.In the UK, we are creating a tech hub, a Silicon Valley of our own in East London.Here, President Medvedev has founded the Skolkovo Innovation City.World-leading British universities including Cambridge, Oxford, Imperial and Glyndŵr in Wales will be working with Skolkovo on lasers, optics, nuclear and energy efficiency.Of course, it is not just science and technology.There are a whole range of sectors where we have complementary strengths which can boost our mutual prosperity, from supporting the modernisation of Russian railways to working together in the run up to the London Olympics and the Sochi Winter Olympics, where British companies are already working on the main stadia.Cooperation rather than just competition is the way to stronger growth and prosperity for us all.But we do not just share bilateral interests between Britain and Russia.At the G20 we share an interest in strong and sustainable global growth.We must address the economic and financial imbalances that brought the global economy to its knees only three years ago.Russia and Britain can work together at the G20 to promote the global economic stability on which we all depend.So how Britain and Russia work together really matters for the prosperity of all our people and the same is also true for security.On geopolitics, many of our interests are actually much closer than we might think.Whether we are talking about Islamic extremism, nuclear proliferation, counternarcotics, climate change, Britain and Russia actually share many of the same concerns.Moscow and London have both been victims of horrific terrorist attacks.We need to unite against the threat of terrorism and the warped ideology that underpins it, we need to work together with our international partners to prevent countries like Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, and as new technologies develop to allow us to defend ourselves better against the threat of ballistic missiles from rogue states, we need to cooperate to ensure they make us all safer, not compete against each other in a new arms race.We have shared interests in stability in the Middle East and North Africa too.I know we have not always agreed, Britain and Russia, about how to achieve that stability.Let me put my cards on the table: the view I have come to is that the stability of corrupt and violent repressive dictatorships in Middle Eastern states, like Gaddafi’s in Libya, is a false stability.The transition to democracy may well have its difficulties and its dangers, but it is not only the best long-term path to peaceful progress, it is also a powerful alternative to the poisonous narrative of Islamist extremism that had poisoned so many young people’s minds.I believe that Britain and Russia and the whole international community have a role to play in helping to support peace, stability and security across the Arab world.Of course there are sceptics in both our countries who will doubt that we can ever get beyond the competitive ideological instincts of the past.There are two groups in particular which I want to take on today;there are the Britain-sceptics, those who think that we will always clash because Britain cannot be trusted and that we will use the disagreements of the past as a pretext to put Russia down.And then there are the Russia-sceptics, those who say that Russia should not modernise, should not innovate, should not open up to the outside world because modernisation will undermine stability and prosperity.To the Britain-sceptics I say this: yes, there remain difficult issue that hamper mutual trust and cooperation, there are extradition cases Russia wants to pursue and we still disagree with you over the Litvinenko case.On that, let me say this: our approach is simple and principled.When a crime is committed that is a matter for the courts;it is their job to examine the evidence impartially and determine innocence or guilt.The accused has a right to a fair trial, the victim and their family have a right to justice, it is the job of governments to help courts do their work and that will continue to be our approach.So we cannot pretend these differences do not exist.We need to keep working for an honest and open dialogue to address them candidly, but at the same time we have a responsibility to recognise the many ways in which we do need each other, to end the old culture of tit for tat and find ways for us to work together to advance our mutual interests.Now, to the Russia-sceptics who believe that modernisation will undermine stability and prosperity, I say take another look.Modernisation is the only way to guarantee stability and prosperity.President Medvedev and Prime Minister Putin have been clear about this too.Prime Minister Putin’s strategic goals for 2020 make clear the importance of effective market and government institutions.President Medvedev has emphasised his focus on tackling corruption as being fundamental to Russia’s progress.Back in June he said that Russia’s focus needs to include, and I quote, ‘Real progress in fighting corruption, establishment of a modern police force and other law enforcement agencies, and efforts to make the judicial system more effective.’

Let me say, from my own experience I have no illusions about how hard these issues can be.In Britain we have our own serious challenges too.The rule of law is vital;vital for foreign investment, for entrepreneurship and innovation, for people to be encouraged to start their own businesses.They need to have faith that the state, the judiciary and the police will protect their hard work and not put the obstacles of bureaucracy, regulation or corruption in their way.I have talked to many British businesses;I have no doubt about their ambition to work in Russia and it is also clear that the concerns that continue to make them hold back are real concerns.They need to know that they can go to a court confident that a contract will be enforced objectively and that their assets and premises won’t be unlawfully taken away from them.In the long run the rule of law is what delivers stability and security.I believe the best guarantor of prosperity and stability is for economic and political progress and political openness to go step in step together.When people get economically richer they make legitimate demands for political freedoms to match their economic freedoms.And as they start to benefit from a free media, guaranteed human rights, the rule of law, and a greater stake in how their society is run so they will have the confidence and energy to invest in a new cycle of innovation and growth.And that is something I believe to be true in every part of the world.So I believe we can prove the sceptics wrong.We can rebuild the relationship between Britain and Russia, working together to develop a modern and ambitious partnership which will help both our countries achieve a more prosperous and secure future.Of course none of this will just happen;a new partnership requires bold decisions, it requires a commitment from both countries.I am here today to make that commitment on behalf of Britain and I hope that Russia will match it.In the last twenty years Russia and Britain have both come a long way but each largely on their own.In the next twenty years I believe we can go very much further as we prove – and let me end trying once again – that Вместе мы сильнее.Thank you.Question

Prime Minister, at what time and what stage of your life did you make up your mind to become a politician and why?

Prime Minister

Very good question.Certainly when I was here in 1985 when I was a student I wasn’t sure I wanted to be a politician;I wasn’t sure what I wanted to do.So there was for me no blinding moment when I thought, ‘That’s it, I want to be a politician’.I think there was a growing view that the most important thing you can do in life is public service and politics is a good way of being in public service.You’re both grappling with the big issues and problems that affect your country and your world but also you’re working with people and working for people at the same time.And I worked for a Member of Parliament also between that year of school and university and saw a little bit about what politics involved and that triggered a growing interest that grew as I went through university and left university and then I decided I wanted to try myself to be in politics.But as they say: if you go into politics, you should always have a second career as well just in case it doesn’t work out.Question

Many people who got an English visa always say that this procedure is very difficult.Is it possible to simplify this procedure in the nearest future?

Prime Minister

That’s an important issue, the whole issue of visas between Britain and Russia.I’ve been looking again at the statistics and there’s not a big difference between the number of visas that Britain issues to Russians and the number of visas that Russia issues to Britain.And actually there’s not a big difference either in the prices that we both pay.So of course we have to have effective border controls, both our countries.We have to have an effective way of making sure that we have our borders under control.We always can look at ways to make sure it is faster, more efficient but I think I’m right in saying that over the last year something like 96% of the visas that have been asked for by Russian citizens have been granted and I think most of them have been processed within 15 days, so we’ll always look at having an effective procedure but I think you’ll find the two systems are really quite similar for travel both ways.But I’m sure it’s one of the many issues that I’ll be able to discuss with your President when we meet later today.Question

I’ve heard a little about the Big Society and I’m wondering how successful it’s been so far in the UK.Prime Minister

Thank you.Well, this is a very simple idea which I think can apply all across the world which is that we often think that only governments can deliver the things that we need: whether it is education;whether it is help for people who are in trouble;whether it is rehabilitation for drugs.We often turn to government immediately to say ‘what’s the government doing?’ The whole idea behind the Big Society is to say actually when you look at many of these problems that need solutions, we often find it is churches, charities, voluntary bodies, community groups, people coming together to come up with new, innovative solutions that works best.So the Big Society is all about saying, ‘How do we take that excellent practice that already exists and try and encourage it;try and boost it;try and help it deliver more;try and get rid of all the barriers in the way of voluntary bodies, charities, churches, community groups doing more.’

And that is what we’re doing in the UK.We’re encouraging volunteering;we’re encouraging the voluntary sector;we’re trying to cut all the bureaucracy that gets in the way of people wanting to help each other.And then we have one or two specific things that we’re doing that we believe will make a big difference.So for instance we are establishing a Big Society Bank because if you ask charities, churches, voluntary groups ‘what is it that stops you doing the brilliant thing you’re doing in one area in lots of areas?’ They will say that unlike businesses, ‘We can’t get hold of loans, we can’t get hold of funding, we only get the money for one year – we need proper money so that we can expand our brilliant school or our drug rehab project or our community project’ and so this Big Society Bank will be able to lend them money so that they are able to expand and replicate what they do in many different parts of the country.And why I think the Big Society concept will be taken on by many other countries in the world is that I think we all face two of the same problems.Firstly, there is a limit to the amount of money that government can spend and raise to solve problems, and secondly, there are no end of problems that often get more complex, that need solutions.And I think we all know in our own countries if you ask ‘which is the best organisation for rehousing the homeless;for tackling drug addiction;for helping children who are not getting on at school;for teaching people to read?’

When you ask that question, so often the answer is not the department of state that is responsible for it, but the brilliant charity that has started up and is actually solving those problems itself.So, I think the concept of the Big Society is one that has existed for thousands of years in our societies, but it’s getting ever more relevant and it needs governments that understand that and that can help others to do good work, rather than to think governments do it all on their own.Question

You speak about Russian-English cooperation, but how could we improve this when Europe does not have any combined system of international relationships? The USA deploys missiles in western countries.Can Europe answer to this challenge?

Prime Minister

Is it really possible for Britain and Russia, or America and Russia, who had such a difficult relationship for so many years – is it possible to have a much stronger relationship? Well, my answer to that is yes, and for this very personal reason.When I think about when I came to Russia in 1985, and you think of the huge gulf between us during the Cold War, coming into a country where I remember as I got off the train in Moscow I was met by someone I have never heard of before, but he wanted to know what was a British student doing in Moscow on his own and not as part of some tourist group.During the Cold War there was this incredibly frozen relationship where things couldn’t get better.At that time, many people would have said, ‘This will go on for years.This will go on forever.There’s no reason why the Cold War will end.’ But it did end.Never believe that just because a relationship is difficult now it can’t be better in the future.I think there are many reasons for optimism.You mentioned the issue of missiles.Again, I would say if you compare, when I was a student there was the deployment of Russian missiles, there was the deployment of cruise and Pershing missiles by the West.There were growing tensions and growing arms races.All that now has changed, so I don’t think you should be pessimistic at all about a proud, independent country like Russia, with its own nuclear deterrent, can’t have a good and strong relationship with a country like America or a country like Britain, France, Italy or Germany.Obviously we have a huge amount of work to strengthen these relationships and there are all sorts of scepticism and mistrust on the path.I think the whole point of visits like this and other people who’ve been to Russia is to try and break down some of those barriers and recognise that in international relations – after all, the relations between people in Russia and Britain are extremely strong, and so there is no reason why the relationships between the British government and the Russian government should not be stronger too.That is the reason I have come here today.In that spirit, I thank you very much for listening to my speech and for providing me with such good questions.May I take the opportunity to wish all of you well in your studies here at Moscow University and wish you a very strong and prosperous future.Thank you very much indeed.

第五篇：曾毅,中国科学院院士,俄罗斯医学科学院外籍院士

唐叔賢教授

唐叔賢教授是一名頂尖物理學家，學術成就卓越。唐教授在香港出生，曾就讀於九龍塘小學及九龍華仁中學。1964年於香港大學畢業，1969年於加州大學(Irvine分校)取得博士學位。唐教授不但精於理論物理學，更在材料表面物理學範疇上取得超卓成就(材料表面物理即是納米科學的前身)。唐教授是美國物理學會會士及中國科學院院士。

唐教授在2003年底出任香港城市大學常務副校長，協助校長領導大學教學與研究的規劃、發展、制訂、執行及監管工作。在出任常務副校長一職前，唐教授曾先後在美國及本港擔任多項學術要職，其中包括於威斯康辛州立大學米爾土瓦基分校擔任物理系傑出教授及表面研究中心主任，於美國國家自然科學基金會擔任項目主管，並於萬國商業機器等多家公司兼任顧問。在1994至2001年期間，唐教授出任香港大學物理系系主任。現時他兼任合肥微尺度物質科學國家實驗室主任。

揭開納米之謎 講座簡介

近年納米科技以雷霆萬鈞之勢迅速發展。由1997至2005年的八年間，全球投資在這方面的科研總額就增長了十倍有多。僅在2005年，全球投資在納米科技研究的費用就超過300億港元。有關的論文由1997年只有數千份飆升至2005年的3萬份。這些文章牽涉的範疇很廣，例如物理、化學、材料、工程、生物及醫學等等，可說是包羅萬有。應用了納米技術的產品就更是無處不在，如化妝品、防曬露、油漆、紡織品、醫藥以及形形式式的各種電子產品等。究竟甚麼是納米技術？到底這是不是一個全新的科學領域？若然，為何它會如此迅速地發展？為何不同領域均說其有納米技術？這個講座就是要揭開這些謎團。在應用納米技術時通常用到「量子效應」和「微細效應」，屆時講座亦會介紹這兩種效應的知識。