托福写作通过练习材料列提纲

第一篇：托福写作通过练习材料列提纲

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托福写作通过练习材料列提纲

有了语言基础的双腿，还要有思路，例子来做躯干。练习材料主要是TWE185题目和机经上的独立写作题。对于写作基础不太好的“非牛”，建议可以练习传统的“开头段+2、3段中间段+结尾段”的方式。基础较好了，也可以写的灵活些：对某个一两观点展得较开，对某一两个事例说得详细，行文上相对松散，但是和上下文保持连贯性，和中心思想保持一致性。

审题后，先决定总体思路，然后列出两三个具体的分论点，每个论点找出一些例子来说明。这里要注意，例子的选择，尽可能生活化，生动化，形象化不要太死板。

背诵精彩的句子或段落

这个背诵的对象，可以是精彩的句子，也可以是一个段落，甚至全文。材料上，可以是上述的几本范文书的内容，也可以是其他优秀的英语文章。不过总的来说，还是选择和托福作文接近，语言地道，漂亮的文章比较好。

托福写作范文以外的文章，可以背诵新概念3、4册的一些文章，具体篇目在上文已经推荐过。新概念的文章，语言相对上述范文来说，更地道一些，而且其排篇布局，修辞手法，也可以借鉴参考。对于英语基础不太扎实的“非牛”，尤其是语法掌握不佳的“非牛”，建议背诵的时候最好配以相关的参考书。看真题范文书和指导性参考书

如果写作的基础不理想，建议踏踏实实从看范文做起。上面推荐的三份范文都是很好的材料。看的时候，一看语言，具体如注意里面词汇，句式的运用，注意收集相关的词句，尤其是同义词;二看思路和结构，分析文章是如何进行阐述、论证的，注意范文结构上的布局，包括那些看似细小的连接词。

看范文的时候，还可以根据旧真题内容上的分类来集中看若干题材相近的文章，新版的两本范文书(胡敏和李笑来)或已经进行了分类编排，或提供了分类列表，看分类后的分文可以在一定程度上提高复习效率。“挑战满分”等指导性参考书，则可以在复习初期就看起来，根据书中的建议，安排相应的复习。当然，综合性指导教材，特别是 OG上关于写作的建议，北极星教师用书上的范文，都是很好的学习内容。

第二篇：托福写作素材经典练习

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托福写作素材经典练习

书籍是我们最为沉浸而永恒的朋友;是最易接近和才华横溢的顾问;是最为耐心的良师。

经验的重要性:

Work and experience create and broaden our knowledge.It is of value to test the veracity of the indirect book knowledge by applying it to reality.Sir Isaac Newton, applied mathematics to his personal experience, resulting the discovery of kinetic theory.Nicholus Copernicus, through extensive observation and existing scientific analysis, calculated the earth and other planets’ orbit around the sun.Such knowledge is now easily assessable in textbooks, but would require decades of work on our own to research and understand that phenomenon.Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences.Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers.They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences.Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism.Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others.Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.学习方式：

兴趣的重要性

哥伦布 Christopher Columbus As a child, he helped his father as a weaver.He always liked the sea.Genoa was an important seaport.There is no doubt that as a child he caught rides on ships.He had little schooling but was a genius with the sea.His plan was not to prove that the world was flat, but it was to find a shortcut to the Spice Islands.He wanted to establish a city there for trade, seaports, and much more.When he grew into a man he was interested in sailing to Asia by going west.学一科还是学很多科

Leonardo da Vinci is best remembered as the painter of the Mona Lisa(1503-1506)and The Last Supper(1495).But he's almost equally famous for his astonishing multiplicity of talents: he dabbled in architecture, sculpture, engineering, geology, hydraulics and the military arts, all with success, and in his spare time doodled parachutes and flying machines that resembled inventions of the 19th and 20th centuries.He made detailed drawings of human anatomy which are still highly regarded today.Leonardo also was quirky enough to write notebook entries in mirror

decades after his death.学一科还是学多科 generalist

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(backwards)script, a trick which kept many of his observations from being widely known until

Professionals and specialists have always found knowledge of other disciplines helpful and inspiring.If students are allowed to enroll only in the courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields, the blockades between disciplines will not only hamper discoveries at the boundaries, but also preclude infusion of fresh ideas and inspiration.With a broader knowledge base, students can choose disciplines of concentration, complexity, and profundity according to their interest.As a saying goes, interest is the best teacher.You cannot account on one to succeed in a field in which he is not interested in and the scarcity of the interest can lead to a disappearance of creativity too.interest

experience

idea

学文科还是理科?

Music and art are very mathematical.In the early 1400s, Leon Battista Alberti suggested painting be considered a liberal Art with a scientific basis.In De Pictura he exposed optical perspective as a geometrical technique which could be applied by artists to their work.书本知识

读书类

You can cover a great deal of country in books.Life-transforming ideas have always come to me through books.Books are the quietest and most constant of friends;they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors, and the most patient of teachers.

第三篇：托福写作各种练习

admittedly, frankly speaking, needless to say, in consequence, on the contrary, to my delight, to sum up

William Shakespeare, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Franklin Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Gates, Christopher Columbus, Neil Armstrong, Louis Armstrong, Dwight D.Eisenhower, Margret Mitchell, Marilyn Monroe, O.Henry, Pearl S.Buck, John F.Kennedy, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Edison, Alexander Fleming, Ernest Hemingway, Henry Ford, Ezra Proud, Walt Disney, Celine Dion, Whitey Huston

the Statue of Liberty, the Boston Tea Party, the Yangtze River, the Mississippi River, the Pulitzer Prize, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the Rocky Mountains, Mc Donald’s, Harvard, Princeton, Yale University, Chairman Mao, the late Chinese premier Zhou, Tibet

the speaker, the lecturer, the professor, the listening material, the lecture, the talk

the writer, the author, the reading material, the writing, the passage

科学技术的发展使人们能够非常轻松地学习知识

Scientific development has made leaning knowledge very easy for people.With scientific development, it has become quite an easy thing for people to gain knowledge.The society undergoing such swift development, people are able to gain knowledge in an unprecedented easy way.越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性

More and more people have realized the importance of protecting the environment.The fundamental effect of environment protection has been considered by increasing number of people.It has been realized by more and more people that preserving the environment has become an extreme urgency.我认为在我们社区建工厂是不好的I don’t think building a factory in our community is a good thing.I completely oppose to the proposal that a factory be built in our community.From my point of view, building a factory in our community is everything other than beneficial to our community.由于年龄的关系，父母亲对孩子的了解有时还不如他们的同伴

Because of the age, parents sometimes have a worse understanding over their children than children’s partners.Children’s parents sometimes do not acquaint themselves with them as their friends do as the consequence of their old age.Sometimes parents just don’t understand their children as well as the partners of their children do since they are older.要是团队里的每个人都竭尽全力，他们的工作效率会有很大提高

If each member in the group does his best, their efficiency will improve dramatically.The working efficiency of a group will be apparently raised in case that all the members try their best.The ascent of efficiency of a group is a certain consequence of an atmosphere that everyone tries his best in working.语言环境对外语学习的影响是很大的Language environment has a big influence on learning a foreign language.Language environment plays a significant role in foreign language learning.The language environment is to foreign language learning what the foundation is to a skyscraper.我们要像保护自己的亲人哪样保护野生动物

We must protect wild animals as we protect our relatives.We should protect our family, so should we do to the wild animals.Wild animals deserve our protection just as our relatives do.我们从电视上学会了好多有用的东西

We have learned a lot of useful things from television.Immense number things of great use we get have come out from TV.Numerous things we learned that are beneficial to us are from television.我赞成政府花钱进行外太空探索

I strongly agree that the government spend money to carry out outer space exploration.I will applaud if outer space exploration be put forward by the government.I go along with the decision that the government pay for the cost of outer space exploration.如果人们愿意在太空探索上面多花一些钱，人们就会在不久的将来更多的享受高科技给我们的生活带来的便利

If people are willing to spend more money on space exploration, people will soon enjoy the convenience high technology brings to our lives.With more money spent on the exploration to the outer space, more convenience brought about by high technology will be exposed to people before long.When people pay more for the outer space exploration, more convenience is surely the consequence.强健的体魄是实现伟大理想的前提

Strong body is the prerequisite of realizing great dreams.You can hardly achieve a great goal unless you have a physical fitness.You can fulfill your great dream only in the case of you have a robust build.偶尔的失败有时候会有助于日后的成功

Occasional failure sometimes contributes to later success.Sometimes success is consequence of occasional failure.Occasional failure is sometimes beneficial to later success.IMPORTANT SENTENCE STRUCTURES:

1.The lecture discusses … which differs from the main idea in the reading that….2.The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a different view.3.Another important point showed in the listening material is that … but the reading presents a conflicting idea

that…

4.Finally, the professor stated that… which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said that…

5.In general, the professor discussed the problem of … that the reading viewed in a contrary angle.6.According to the lecture, …, on the other hand, the reading material said that…

7.The professor made the point that … on the contrary, the writer demonstrated an idea that …

8.The lecture supports/ illustrates the idea that…

9.The lecture contradicts/ refutes/ is contrary to/ is the opposite of the idea that…

10.Contrary to the belief in the passage that… the professor says that…

11.The professor refutes the viewpoint showed in the passage that … by saying that…

第四篇：托福写作 翻译句子练习

中文：

1.旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。

2.赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。3.打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。

4.现在很多学校的校服不但贵，而且还难看，质量不好。

5.政府不但要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。

6.老人们既不需要很多的钱，也不需要很大的房子，他们最需要的是子女的关心和照顾。

7.我喜欢旅游，但是，我既没有钱，也没有时间。8.在老人院，老人既能够接受到医疗，又能够找到很多有共同话题，共同兴趣的的伙伴。

9.缴税既是有有利于国家，也是有利于个人。因为政府的税收主要用于公共服务，这个是每个人都会受益的。

10.打电脑游戏既浪费时间，又有害视力。11.打电脑游戏既能使人放松，又能锻炼大脑的灵活性，反映能力

12.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

13.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

14.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。15.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

16.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明飞机会造成灾难性的污染。

18.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。19.事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

20.我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境。21.现在，人们普遍认为 22.我同意后者，有如下理由： 23.这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

24.使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

25.尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

26.在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

27.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。28.这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。29.很多人生活在这样的幻想之中。。

30.就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

31.现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。32.艺术资助对于很多发展中国家是个奢侈的做法。(art funding, luxurious)33.兴建体育场馆和剧院等会浪费政府有限的财政。(stadium, theater, tight budget)34.政府资助艺术家和音乐家的做法其实就是滥用纳税人的钱。（taxpayer）

35.保护濒危的动物需要花费大量的公共资金，对于发展中国家而言，是个沉重的经济负担。(endangered species, economic burden.)36.电脑游戏太诱人了，以至于很多孩子都沉迷其中不能自拔。（alluring abandon oneself to）

37.有些小孩缺乏自控和自律能力，整天沉迷于网络游戏和网上聊天。（self-control, self-discipline）38.有些小孩缺乏自律能力，整天沉迷于网络游戏和网上聊天。（self-discipline, be addicted to）39.减肥的最好方法就是减少摄入的热量，同时增加活动量。（lose weight, the level of physical activity）40.应该对私家车进行限制，因为汽车排放的有毒气体里含有许多的致癌物。(emit, toxic gas, carcinogen)41.体育锻炼有利于人们减压。(physical exercise, mental strain)42.过分沉迷于电脑游戏会导致近视和肥胖。(overindulgence, myopia, obesity)43.电视和互联网使人们与朋友疏远了，因为现在人们缺乏与朋友面对面的交流。(alienate…from…, face-to-face communication)44.国际旅游业的发展可能导致国与国之间紧张关系的加剧。(tension)45.如果老人到敬老院住，他们会觉得自己没有价值了，被家人抛弃了，同时感到绝望。（useless, desert）46.通过旅游，有不同种族和政治背景的人会更加了解对方，从而消除误会和偏见，维护世界和平。(remove misunderstanding and prejudice)47.出国留学的好处包括：全球意识增强，语言学习，跨文化交际，独立性，自信心和适应性增强。(global awareness, cross-cultural communication, adaptability)48.许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。49.就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

50.虽然科技带来了很多便利和效率，也同时带来了环境的恶化。

50句翻译练习的答案

1.Gambling not only harms people’s health but also damages family harmony.2.Taking part-time jobs not only enables students to earn pocket money/allowance but also learn interpersonal skills.3.The government should not only build/construct more roads but also encourage people to use public transport.pass 4.The elderly neither need big houses nor much money.What they need is their children’s care and attention.5.Nowadays, many school uniforms are not only expensive/pricy but also ugly and poor-quality.6.I enjoy traveling, but I neither have money nor time.7.In nursing houses, the elderly can both receive medical care and find friends who have similar topics and hobbies with them.8.Paying tax both benefits a country and individuals, because/for the government’s revenue is mainly used for public services, which is rewarding to everyone.9.Playing computer games both wastes time and impairs eyesight.10.Playing computer games both enables people to relax and improve brain’s flexibility.12.According to a recent survey, there are four million ppl who die of smoking-related diseases.13.No invention has received more praise and abuse than that of the Internet.14.Many experts point out that sports conduce to health./physical fitness.15.There is no denying that air pollution is such a serious/severe problem that the government should take effective/strong measures to relieve it.Admittedly, No one can deny that… undoubtedly 15.Considering the severity of the problem, … In light of the… In view of…

16.Despite the fact that this view is widely accepted, there is little evidence that airplanes can cause=result in=give rise to disastrous pollution.aspect 17.Actually, we must admit that life quality is as important as life itself.18.make every effort to do 19.it is generally accepted that..20.I agree with the latter view/one for the following reasons.The reasons go as follows.21.This view is being questioned by an increasing number of ppl.22.Riding bicycles benefits people’s health, which relieves traffic jams considerably.23.Despite the fact that bicycles have many obvious advantages,they are not without their problems.24.Using bicycles contributes to people’s health and greatly reduces traffic jams.25.Although bicycles have many obvious advantages, they are not without their problems.26.For speed and comfort, bicycles cannot be compared with other means of transport such as trains or buses.27.From the above discussion, we can safely draw the conclusion that the advantages of bicycles far outweigh their disadvantages and they will play an important role in modern society.28.This issue has aroused wide public concern.29.Many people live under the illusion that….30.As for me/as far as I am concerned/For my part/from my perspective, I agree that education should not end with graduation for the following reasons.31.Nowadays, an increasing number of people are beginning to believe that acquiring new techniques and knowledge can help them obtain more employment or promotion opportunities.32.Art funding is a luxurious practice for many developing countries.33.Building stadiums and theatres will waste the government’s tight budget.34.Art funding is a waste of taxpayers’ money.(or the practice of art funding is…)

35.Protecting endangered species requires huge amount of public funds, which is a heavy economic burden to developing countries.36.Computer games are so fascinating that many children are addicted to them.(用addicted吧。)37/38.Some children so lack discipline that they are addicted to online games and chatting.(这两句意思差不多。就记一个就行了)39.The best way to lose weight is to reduce the intake of calorie and increase more physical activities.40.We should restrict the number of private cars(or the number of …should be restricted), because the emissions from cars contain carcinogens(cancer-causing substances).41.Physical exercise helps relieve pressure.42.Addiction ot computer games may lead to myopia and obesity.43.TV and Internet alienate people from their friends because they lack face-to-face communication.44.International tourism may increase the tension between countries.45.If the elderly are sent to nursing houses, they may feel they are useless and feel abandoned and frustrated(沮丧)46.Through international tourism, people from different backgrounds will more understand each other, which can remove misunderstanding and prejudice thus maintaining world peace.47.The advantages of studying abroad includes the improvement in global awareness, cross-cultrual communication, confidence and adaptability.48.Many hold that international tourism has positive impact on economic development and we should encourage local government to develop international tourism.However, these people ignore that international tourism may also bring disastrous effect on local environment and history.49.For me,(见上面有一句)，I firmly believe that the number of international tourists should be restricted for the following reasons.50.Along with convenience and efficiency has come the deterioration(worsening)of the environment.

第五篇：列提纲

1.列提纲阶段

列提纲的任务是明确怎么写。为将要写出的文章做一番精心的设计和安排，这是至关重要的一步。

列提纲应按以下步骤：

（1）确定中心。通过审题，明确题目的要求，来确定文章记叙的主要内容和要表达的中心思想，如《一个拾金不昧的同学》，“拾金不昧”就是这个文体的中心思想，因此，通过审题就能抓住。第二种是作文题目间接规定了中心思想，如《记一件有意义的事》，“有意义”一词就规定了中心思想。但到底有什么意义，则要根据所写的内容而定。第三种是作文题目没有明确的规定中心思想，这就要对材料进行分析研究后，准备的确定鲜明的中心思想。

（2）理清思路。要对准备好的材料进行妥善的安排，列出先写什么，再写什么，最后写什么。要做到篇分段，段分层；段有段意，层有层意。或给每一度分别列上小标题。

（3）定出详略。提纲也要主次分明、详略得当、重点突出。要把力量花在详写处，根据中心的需要确定重点段、重点层和重点情节。

3检查阶段

提纲列出后要仔细检查，看看材料和文章的中心思想是否符合，材料有没有遗漏或重复，条理是否清楚，重点是否突出，结构是否完整，如果发现了问题应及时修改。

会列提纲，还有助于提高自己的口头表达能力。如开会发言之前，拟定几条发言提纲，发言时，按提纲有次序、有重点地一点一点讲，常常可以增强表达效果。

请记住，列提纲还有几个基本要求。

1.简洁明了，一目了然。

2.3.4.5.中心明确，始终一贯。条理清楚，层次分明。有详有略，重点突出。有头有尾，结构完整。

总之，会不会编写及运用作文提纲，是写作水平高低的具体表现之一。列好提纲再写有利于写好作文。也只有按提纲写作，才能写出一篇中心明确、重点突出、层次分明、段落清楚、前后连贯，结构严谨的好文章。