限定性及非限定性定语从句练习

第一篇：限定性及非限定性定语从句练习

限定性及非限定性定语从句练习

(1)The first doll __ say “mama”was invented in 1830．

［A］ that it could［B］ could it

［C］ it could［D］ that could

(2)A solar day is the length of time ___ the Earth to revolve once around the Sun．

［A］ takes［B］ takes it

［C］ which takes［D］ he takes

(3)The period during when ［A］ people learned ［B］ to melt iron is called ［C］ the ［D］ Iron Age．

(4)The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part,___ he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.［A］ where［B］ of which

［C］ during which［D］ that

(5)To travel from England to Hope Corn had taken him nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.He had done what he wanted to accomplish.［A］ when［B］ which

［C］ of which［D］ that

(6)Henry Ford is the person ［A］ which ［B］ is most responsible ［C］ for developing ［D］ the idea of mass production.(7)Human beings are social ［A］ animals whom ［B］ usually prefer

not to live in ［C］ physical or psychological isolation ［D］

(8)The Everglades is a beautiful region of southern Florida ___ the primitive past mingles with modern life．

［A］ there［B］ where

［C］ after［D］ in

(9)The knee is the joint ___ the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．

［A］ when［B］ where

［C］ why［D］ which

(10)A metropolitan region ［A］ is defined as a central ［B］ city and the territory where ［C］ surrounds ［D］ it．

(11)The next morning ___ he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery.［A］ as［B］ when

［C］ because［D］ that

(12)In a day few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters.［A］ whose［B］ during

［C］ when［D］ of

(13)Moreover, in the modern age___ human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.［A］ when［B］ whether

［C］ more［D］ ever

(14)There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of ___open mouth the tea was supposed to come.［A］ which［B］ its

［C］ that［D］ whose

(15)Jackir Mcleans‟s recordings have shown that he is one of the few ［A］ jazz musicians who ［B］ style of playing ［C］ has kept pace with the evolution ［D］ of modern jazz．

(16)I don't want to concentrate on anything ___ worrying me.［A］ what is［B］ there is

［C］ what［D］ there

(17)ligments(韧带)，___，hold organs of the body in place and fasten bones together．

［A］ which are fibrous tissues

［B］ they are fibrous tissues

［C］ fibrous tissues that

［D］ are fibrous tissues

18)The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D.Roosevelt，___there on April 12，1945．

［A］ who died［B］ died

［C］ while died［D］ he died

19)The first United States citizen to become ［A］ a professional ［B］ sculptor was Patience Lovell Wright，which ［C］ works were executed in wax ［D］．

20)The adder is a snake has ［A］ a relatively ［B］ stout body, a short tail ［C］, and a flat head ［D］．

21)Traditionally, ethnographers and linguists have paid ［A］ little attention to cultural interpretations given to ［B］ silence, or to ［C］ the types of social contexts in which tends ［D］ to occur

22)Most crocodiles will eat anything ___ capture and overpower．［A］ can［B］ they can

［C］ which can［D］ and

答案及其详解：

1)D为正确答案。本句中的主句为“The first doll was invented in 1830”，“that could say „mama‟”为定语从句，修饰主句中的名词(主语)“the first doll”。

2)C为正确答案。

3)A错。during是介词，它后面的关系代词只能用which(指人除外)，which在此处指代“the period”，定语从句为“during which people…iron”，修饰主句的主语“the period”。

4)C为正确答案。

5)C为正确答案。

6)B错。改用who，which只能指物，指人时应用who，本句的定语从句

修饰the person，关系代词who在从句中作主语。本句也可改用that，因为that也可用来指人，它可在从句中作主语或宾语，但which则只能指“物”。

7)B错。应改用who，因为这里所指代的是“human beings”，而且在从句中作主语，而whom只能用来作宾语。

8)B为正确答案。空白后是一个定语从句，从句中主谓宾齐全，关系副词where指代上面表示地点的名词region(地方，地区)，相当于in which，即in the region，在从句中作地点状语。

9)B对。空白后为定语从句，从句中的主谓宾语都已齐全，where作从句中的地点状语，相当于in the joint，整个从句修饰“the joint”。

10)C错。改为which或that。这里是一个定语从句，修饰前面的the territory(区域)，虽然被修饰成分表示一个地点，但若用where代替in the territory在从句中作地点状语，从句中便没有了主语，这显然不对。改用which后，便可由它作从句中的主语，代the territory；从句中的it代上文中的a central city。

11)B为正确答案。

12)C为正确答案。

13)A为正确答案。

14)D为正确答案。这里whose修饰名词短语“open mouth，” 这时“whose open mouth”一起作介词“of”的宾语。

15)B错。who应当在定语从句中作主语，而从句中已有主语style of playing(演奏风格)，故应将who改为whose，用whose修饰style，指代上文中的人名，相当于his。

16)B为正确答案。

17)A对。空白处是which引导的定语从句修饰主句的主语ligaments，which作从句的主语，主句的主语(ligaments)和谓语(hold)被定语从句所隔开。

18)A对。本句是关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句，who指代前面的被修饰成分President Franklin D.Roosevelt并在从句中作主语。

19)C错。应改用whose，修饰从句中的主语works，whose相当于his。

20)A错。本句已有谓语动词is，而后面又出现动词has，显然不合语法，故应在snake和has之间加上关系代词which或that构成定语从句修饰snake，which作从句的主语。

21)D错。本句“in which”中的which指代“social contexts”，which在从句中已经是介词in的宾语，这样从句中便没有了主语，故应在which后加代词it(代silence)，即变为“in which it tends…”，用it作从句的主语，这样句子才完整。

22)B对。关系代词作限定性定语从句中的宾语时可以省略，本句被修饰词anything后就省去了“that”；C是不对的，首先，C中的which作从句的主语，而从句中的动词(作谓语)capture and overpower都为及物动词，可后面没有宾语，这样句子便不完整；其次，如果被修饰成分为不定代词(anything, all等)，或修饰成分前有形容词最高级以及限定性较强的形容词修饰时(the very，the only，the same，the first，the last，the tallest)，应使用关系代词that，而不用which。

第二篇：非限定性定语从句教案

学号：081340311

姓名：李娜

Teaching content：Non-restrictive Attributive Clause Teaching objectives 1.Knowledge objects:

a)The Ss can understand some difficult sentences by using the grammar.b)The Ss can use the grammar in their writing 2.Ability objects:

a)To develop the Ss’ abilities of reading and writing.b)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.c)To improve the student’s ability of analyzing some difficult sentences.3.Emotion or moral objects:

By completing the task, the Ss increase their interest and set up self-confidence in learning English;

Important points 1.The choice of the relatives.2.The different usages between as and which.3.The usages of the preposition + relatives Teaching Method Task-based teaching method Teaching aids 1.Multimedia.2.The blackboard.Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead-in

1.show three non-restrictive attributive clauses

His friend gave him a gift , which made him very excited.I don’t like Amy , who get angry easily

We are talking about the singer，whose songs are very popular among young people.2.let the Ss discuss the features of non-restrictive attributive clauses, according to those sentences.Step 2 Presentation

1.Let the students understand the importance of the grammar in the college entrance examination.2.Then show the definition and give some examples.She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into mouth.她听到一声巨响，这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。

This is our headmaster，who has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，他有一些重要事情要告诉你。

2.The choice of the relatives(非限定性定语从句中关系词的选用) Which可以指代单个单词，也可以指代整个句子，指代整个句子时从句谓语动词用第三人称单数。

Eg.Jim doesn't like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry.



 

He is looking for the key, which belongs to my sister.As 引导定语从句意为“ 正如 ”。也可指代整个句子。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all，as is expected等

He did the experiment successfully，as had been expected.As we all know，paper was first made in China.Who whom who在非限定性定语从句中做做主语, Whom在非限定性定语从句中做宾语，不能用who替代

Here is Mr.White , whom you want to talk to.I have a sister，who is a doctor.Whose在非限定性定语从句中做定语，意为“…的”可指代人或者物

Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.介词+关系代词（只用which和whom且不能省略）

Frederick Willian I, to whom the amber room belonged ,decided not to keep it.Can you lend me the book，about which you talked the other day?

 关系副词where和when在非限制性定语从句中作状语。

He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor would examine Mr King's legs Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.Step 3 Conclusion and consolidation 1.Summarize the important points.2.Do some exercise.Step 4 Homework

Finish page 3 after class.Blackboard design Non-restrictive Attributive Clause 关系词：关系代词which

as

who whom

whose 介词+关系代词

关系副词where when

第三篇：定语从句专项练习

定语从句

一、定义及相关术语

1.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语称为定语。汉语中常用„……的‟表示。定语主要由形容词担任，此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。

注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，thirty women teachers;the girl in red.the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.falling leaves;fallen leaves;the boy playing basketball;the book bought by my mother;a reading room;He is the man who you are looking for.2．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

He likes the students who/that work hard.3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。(因为出现在定语从句前面，即先于定语从句出现，故而得名先行词)4．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有when, where, why.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

5.定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系代/副词 + 陈述语序句子

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who 指人，在定语从句中做主语,不能省略;作宾语，可以省略(常用whom)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。可引导非限定性定语从句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.4．that 既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。不引导非限定性定语从句

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.Where is the man（that / whom）I saw this morning? The season that / which comes after spring is summer.Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.5．whose 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语, 表示所属关系.I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1．when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when.(when =介词 + which.)若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。She will never forget the day when(=on which)she was married I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparent？ Do you remember the days（that/which）we spent together last year? I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days(that / which)we spent together.2．where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.(where = 介词 + which)。若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。I want to know the place where(= in which)I was born.Shanghai is the city where I was born.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.Shanghai is the city(which/that)I want to visit.I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.3．why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason, 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导（why=for which）。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I don‟t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.I didn‟t believe the reason(that/which)he explained to me

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.四、“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I‟ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.Tomorrow I‟ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.We‟ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.We‟ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意：１． 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）

２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。

(一)限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom(二)非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom

另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句；但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.Last summer I visited the People‟s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.(三)限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.All that can be done has been done.。There is little that I can do for you.He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won‟t do such a thing.All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6．当先行词为人与物时。

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 7.当关系代词在从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.(四)定语从句中只能用which 引导定语从句的情况 1.关系代词前有介词时。

This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.= This is the cage in which(where)Polly lives.2.先行词本身为 that.The clock is that which tells the time.3.在非限制性定语从句中。

His English, which used to be poor, is excellent now.六、如何判断关系代词和关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.This is the mountain village _______I visited last year.(which or where)I will never forget the days _______ I spent in the countryside.(which or when)方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A.where

B.that

C.on which

D.the one

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾、定语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。

七、关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don‟t believe.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.1.当先行词受such, so, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I‟ve never heard such stories as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary‟s wedding.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.(三)以the way为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语(in...way“以/用...的方法/方式)，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且还可以省略。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句,作宾语时可以省略。

The way(that / in which)he answered the questions was surprising.We hate the way which/that were taught by our teacher.I don‟t like the way(that/which)he told me.做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。

定语从句专项练习

1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them

D the smallest one 2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, _____ it will be completely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which 5.There is a mountain ____ the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C it's D that 6.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 7.There are two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds 8.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which 9.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.A.like B.as C.that D.which 10.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.A.as B.that C.of which D.about which 11.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.A.that B.which C.as D.like 12.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.A.that B.which C.as D.like 13.He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.A.which I think is

B.which I think it is

C.which I think it

D.I think is 14.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 15.This is the first time ________ he has been here.A.that B.when C.at which D.which 16.I don't like ________ you speak to her.A.the way B.they way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 17．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.A.where B.which C.in which D.that 18.Is this the factory ____computers are built ? A.that B.which C.in which D.in that 19.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.A.whose B.its C.which D.which of 20.The man ____has arrived.A.whom I told you B.that I told you C.whom I told you about him D.I told you about 21.Do you know the comrade ____we are talking? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 22.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 23.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 24.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.A.who B.that C.what D.where 25.I‟ll visit the professor tomorrow, ___he will be back from Shanghai.A.who B.that C.when D.which 26.The school ___I study is a new one.A.on which B.at where C.on that D.at which 27.China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan.A.in which B.at which C.which D.of which 28.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.A.what B.where C.that D.which 29.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.A.which B.his C.that D.whose 30.Do you know the man ___your father nodded ? A.whom B.to whom C.to who D.about whom 31.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt.A.that B.when C.which D.what 32.I told you ____I know.A.all that B.all which C.all what D.all whom 33.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun.A.of which B.of whom C.of who D.of them 34.Is this factory ____we visited last year ? A.in which B.around that C.whom D.the one 35 Who is the man ____was there ? A.who B.which C.that D.whom 36.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ? A.that B.which C.whose D.who 37.I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress.A.which B.in which C.on that D.on which 38.The games ____the young men competed in were difficult.A.in which B.which C.it D.who 39.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it 40.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which

第四篇：定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句讲解及练习

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why * 关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 * 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)* 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰

时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1)关系代词前有介词时； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行词本身是that时；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)* 4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句“(that)they visited last month”的宾语，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系而将介词置于定语从句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、关系副词引导的定语从句

*

1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句“that I always remember in all my life”的宾语，that可以省略)*

2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.这就是我去年住过的房间。

Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句“that is being built over there”的主语)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他们上个月参观过

副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)

* 英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。

如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。

He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。

* 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 语 从 句 练习

一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、单项选择

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what

第五篇：定语从句讲解和练习

定 语 从 句

在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词, 用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个主句，所以也称之为形容词性从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词除起连接作用外还在句中担当一定的句子成分.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。根据关系词在从句中充当成分的不同,关系词可分为

关系代词: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 关系副词: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在从句中作主语

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在从句中作动词或介词的宾语 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替换。常用于非限制性定于从句。Which 指物, 在从句中作主语,宾语，Which 在作宾语时可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有时候，定语从句指的不是它前面的名词，而是整个句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正确使用关系代词, a.关系代词前要有名词(代词)b.关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要充当主语,宾语 c.否则,关系代词前要接介词, 该介词可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名词, whom是宾格, 在从句中作宾语。Enjoy 後的动名词working是由不及物 动词转化Whom 不能直接作宾语, 所以要加介词。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介词后作宾语时不能省略.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，常用逗号把主句和从句分开。从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.专有名词, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 独一性名词, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定语从句修饰时, 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定语从句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制或分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。

普通名词不具有特殊性,定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语,省

去了则主句的意思就会不完整.从句前不可加逗号.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作关系代词的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在从句中作主语, 宾语, 表语。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表语表身份时只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于从句中，用that替换其他关系代词who, whom, which 应注意: 1.其前不可置介词

2.其前不可有逗点(不可用于非限定性定语从句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引导的定语从句

1.先行词为不定代词：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行词被形容词最高级, 序数词, 修饰时

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行词被不定代词all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行词为数词时

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行词既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有两个定语从句, 应避免重复

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.当句中已有who/ which时,定语从句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名词和不定代词(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 连用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.这种结构也可以和表数量（quantity）和最高级（the superlatives）连用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在从句中作主语时，有以下两种结构

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定语从句和不定式

介词 + 关系代词 可以和不定式连用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.没有介词，不能用这种结构 I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介词，这种结构也非常正式和不常见的，我们常用更简单的结构。(„a garden to play in;„neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有时用抽象名词(case, point, reason, situation, time等)来总结主句的内容时，which 可以用作限定词，构成‘介词+which+抽象名词’ 构成定语从句。可以和名词连用的这种结构很正式，常用在介词之后，对所提的事进行不从说明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 为关系代词所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格变化而成.在引导的定语从句中作定语,可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose时要遵守下列原则

1.whose之前要有名词

2.whose之后的名词在从句中要做主语,宾语 3.否则, whose 之前要有介词,介词可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替换

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所属关系外，还可用来表示整体和部分的关系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 关系代词 that 指代其前面的名词，重复其语义.what 不是重复前面名词，而是包括名词的语义what = the things that„

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 关系代词,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(宾)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引导定语从句/such...that结果状语从句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 两物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引导非限定性定语从句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思（通常不能指代某个名词或代词），可以放在主句前、后或中间，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主语

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B宾语 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表语 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引导非限定性定语从句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引导非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首时不能用which 替换。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与 see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；which引导非限定性定语从句与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以„„”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定语从句中，谓语动词是连系动词时，可以用as/which作主语。如果从句谓语动词 是行为动词，则必须用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意义，相当于who/which/that...not But的先行词往往是否定意义的代词或名词词组，用双重否定表强烈肯定 But的这一用法常见于在从句中作主语

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作关系代词时，可在从句中作主语，其后直接接谓语。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行词被比较级修饰,用关系代词than连接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.没有明确的先行词，有时把than看作连词，其后省略了it。但实际使用中，than后从来不补上it，因为than本身在从句中可用作主语。

定 语 从 句 练习

用适当的词填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.单句改错

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.单项填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

参考答案及解析

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