第一篇：自考英语专业《英语写作及答案》练习题
及答案
I.Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)
The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further.Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health._______________________________________________________________________________
People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.II.Write an outline(20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.For a Better Understanding Between Parent and Child
Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child.Modern society has been changing greatly so much so that even the relations between parent and child have become much different from several decades ago.Far less do they communicate each other but they always complain and quarrel instead.As it is, generation gap has become quite a spreading social problem.As for the problem, various possible reasons may be found.Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, neither father nor mother has any time to stay together with their children.On the other hand, teenagers eagerly feel the need for freedom away from their parents to explore their emerging identity as a young adult-to develop his own interests or to perfect his favorite skills, which their parents may not prefer.Hence, the parents must suffer the loss of their unruly little boy or girl, incapable of keeping their child to remain in the safe and familiar routines of early childhood or to do what they demand.Eventually, either parent or child becomes unsatisfied, no patient with each other and would not like to find any chance to understand the other.If this situation is to be navigated successfully, there are really some suggestions both for parent and child to follow.For parents, by recalling their own childhood experiences, they could understand and then try to help their own children whenever needed.They should also trust that only in very short time will the child emerge from the uncertainty of being a teenager and display the mature, adult character to forgive their parents for the sake of their hard work..Bothe sides striving for a better understanding, it is no doubt that their relations will be improved quickly.III Sentence transformation(15 points)
Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings.The outline of each sentence is given.Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）.My favorite sport is swimming.→There is no sport I enjoy ________________ swimming.Perseverance is the most important in achieving success.→________ is more important than perseverance in achieving success.Pollution is very harmful to environment as illness is harmful to health.→ Pollution is to environment________ illness is to health.China will never be the first country to use nuclear weapons.→ Under________________ will China be the first country to use nuclear weaponsOpportunities are unprecedented for those who understand the cell and the pixel.→ It is a world ________ opportunities have never________________ for those who understand the cell and the pixel.I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff and I have been privileged to work with them over these past years.→I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff________________ I have been privileged to work over these past years.At such a moment, we tend to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction.→At such a moment, there is ________ to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction.The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should give us direction.→The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should ________our course.We cannot deny the fact that the Palestinian people--Muslims and Christians--have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.→It is ________ that the Palestinian people--Muslims and Christians--have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.So let there be no doubt: The Palestinian people cannot stand the situation.→So let there be no doubt: The situation for the Palestinian people is ________.IV Compose an essay(55 points)
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence
注：考试结束后，只交答题纸
I.Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)
The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided._______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
II.Write an outline(20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.I.____________________________________
A._________________________________________________
B.__________________________________
a._______________________
b._______________________
C.__________________________________
a._______________________
b._______________________
II.___________________________________
a.________________________
b._________________________
III.Conclusion
both side should try to understand each other
III Sentence transformation(15 points)
Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings.The outline of each sentence is given.Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）________________.2 ________.3 ________.________________.5 ________________________.6 ________________.________.8 ________.9 ________.10 ________.IV Compose an essay(55 points)
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence
《英语写作》模拟试题答案
I.Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)
As we know, food is one of the existential elements for human, and we cannot live without food.But as the living condition has been improved, it seems that most of us are become strict to what we eat-we are likely to choose those we like, to others we shall resist.While, according to the nutritionists' point of view, we need many kinds of food to keep us in healthy condition.It is all right that we may have our particular flavor, but we must keep in mind that we also need other kinds of food to keep us in
balance.Those who can have a healthy body are those who know how to eat, and what to eat.II.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.(20 points)
I.General introduction and explanation
A.Problems of lack of understanding between parent and child.B.Reasons for this situation
a.economic necessity
b.strong determination for personal fulfillment
C.satisfaction between each other
a.parents' feeling
b.children's feeling
II.Suggestions to solve the problems.a.parents-help and trust
b.children-their parents' hard-work
III.Conclusion
III.Composition(60 points)
Dissatisfaction leads to progress
This article reminds me of a well-known story about a frog.The frog is put on the cool water at first, and then the water is boiled steadily, the frog cannot sense it till it died.I think this story put the fact to us very clearly: people likely become insensitive to the seeming comfortable environment;they enjoy it and never think of improving themselves, so when the dangers come it may be too late for them to do something about it.In contrary, those people who are dissatisfactory sometimes can leads progress.Especially in today’s fast growing world, if you don’t move, then you fall behind.Many facts can approve this, from the changes of social system to our own situations.The change of social system was due to people’s dissatisfaction of the former one, and the set up of the new on was certainly a great progress in human history.As for ourselves, we may go on study even after we have graduated from school, change job frequently, and so on.These are due to our desire to improve our current situations and to seek a better life.However, if you are not content with what you have at present and do nothing but complain, you cannot make progress, because only those who not just have a desire to improve but also adapt measures can succeed.So, if you are dissatisfactory, don’t stand still, take action, your future should be better
第二篇：专业英语练习题
专业英语复习资料
Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry Ⅲ.Translation ① ⑴化学过程
⑵自然科学
⑶蒸馏技术
② 在你使用这种材料之前，你必须弄清楚它的各种性质。
③ 根据水的蒸发现象，人们认识到液体在一定条件下可以变成气体 ④ 正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等
⑤ 化学具有悠久的历史，事实上，人类的化学活动可追溯到无记录时代以前。Ⅳ.Translation Chemistry is one of three fundamental natural sciences, the other two being physics and biology.Chemical processes have continually unfolded since the Big Bang and are probably responsible for the appearance of life on the planet Earth.One might consider that life is the end result of an evolutionary process in three steps, the first step being very fast and the other two rather slow.These steps are(i)physical evolution(the formation of chemical elements);(ii)chemical evolution(the formation of molecules and biomolecules);and(iii)biological evolution(the formation and development of organisms).重点词汇
有史以来 史前化学 希腊化学 炼金术 科学化学
考古学发现 早于文字记录 普遍特征 物质的结构
吸引力和排斥力
特定形状
规则多边形（体）
平面几何 共同属性
不纯金属 解码系统 过渡期 基本特征
燃素理论
本质上来讲
实验基础
Unit 4 Drinking Water Quality and Health Ⅲ.Translation
1、饮水中毒的例子有时是触目惊心的。
2、生物耗氧量的定义是与1L废水中的还原剂作用所需的氧气质量（mg）。
3、但是应该清醒地认识到即使是最先进的检测方法也有可能放过一些会产生新的意想不到的后果的有害物质。Ⅳ.Translation One of the major sources of organic pollution is effluents from sewage treatment works.In the United Kingdom, such effluents are supposed, as a minimum requirement, to meet the Royal Commission Standard, allowing no more than 30mg/L of suspended solids and 20mg/L BOD(a 30:20 effluent).A dilution with at least eight volumes of river water, having a BOD of no more than 2mg/L, is required to achieve this standard.Unfortunately, the design capacities of many sewage treatment works are below the population they now have to serve.This may cause chronic pollution of rivers or result in periodic flushes of poor quality water that damages the aquatic community.In the majority of poorer countries of the world there are few, or indeed often no, sewage treatment facilities and the faecal contamination of water results in many parastic infections and waterborne and diseases such as dysentery, cholera and poliomyelitis.Contaminated water supplies still cause more than two million deaths a year and countless more illnesses.课堂作业：
1、元素周期表
2、最外层能级
3、铅管
4、化学组分
5、氮肥
6、内合成7、唯物（心）主义
8、过渡期
9、公共供水
10、化学性质
11、电子结构
12、饮水
13、金属性
14、理论解释
15、电离能 Unit 5 The Periodic Table 1 Ⅴ.Translation
2、直到1854年左右，铝才开始进行工业规模的生产。
3、这两种元素不仅在常温下不起化合作用，即使在高温下也不发生明显的反应。
4、二者都是无色气体，但像所有气体一样可以液化。
5、这两种化合物的分离即便并非没有可能，也是十分困难。Unit 9 Chemical Kinetics Basic Principles Ⅲ、Translation
1、催化剂是一种能改变反应速率而自身不发生永久变化的物质。
2、化学反应速率，即反应进程的快慢，受可改变有效碰撞数的因素的影响。
3、在产物开始形成前，必须打破反应物分子的化学键。
4、吸热反应中，反应物吸收能量并将其转化为储存于不稳定化合物中的化学键的潜能。
5、放热反应中，反应释放的潜能形成更稳定的化合物。Ⅳ.Translation There are two basic questions that a chemical engineer must ask concerning a given chemical reaction:(a)How far does it go, if it is allowed to proceed to equilibrium?(Indeed, does it go in the direction of interest at all?)(b)How fast does it progress? Question(b)is a matter of chemical kinetics and reduces to the need to know the rate equation and the rate constants(customarily designated k)for the various steps involved in the reaction mechanism.Note that the rate equation for a particular reaction is not necessarily obtainable by inspection of the stoichiometry of the reaction, unless the mechanism is a one-step process and this is something that usually has to be determined by experiment.Chemical reaction time scales range from fractions of a nanosecond to millions of years or ore.Thus, even if the answer to question(a)is that the reaction is expected to go to essential completion, the reaction may be so slow as to be totally impractical in engineering terms.课堂作业：
1、卤代反应
2、竞争反应
3、微观速率方程
4、正逆反应
5、微观可逆原理
6、单价电子
7、活化能
8、碰撞速率
9、计量方程
10、积分形式 课后作业：
① 物质既不能创造也不能消灭。
② 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子组成的。③ 试验是成功的，它的结果正如我们预期的一样。Unit 12 What Is Analytical Chemistry Ⅲ、Translation
1、分析化学是研究物质及其变化的重要化学方法之一。
2、几乎任何科学研究，只要涉及化学现象，都需要分析化学提供各种信息，以解决科学研究中的问题。
3、以物质化学反应为基础的分析方法称为化学分析法。
4、经典的分析方法无论在教育价值上和实用价值上都是不可忽视的。
5、分析化学在工农业生产中起着重要的作用。Ⅵ、Translation A gravimetric method is one in which the analysis is completed by a weighing operation.A volumetric method is one in which the analysis is completed by measuring the volume of a solution of established concentration needed to react completely with the substance being determined.Ordinarily, volumetric methods are equivalent in accuracy to gravimetric procedures and are more rapid and convenient;their use is widespread.Unit 15 Mass Spectrometry 2 Ⅴ、Translation
3、混合样品一般通过气相色谱或液相色谱将其引入质谱中。
4、这一发现首次证明：某些原子具有相同的化学性质但原子量不同。
5、每当我们写一个有机物结构式时，都必须进行核对，以保证每一个碳原子都有四个共价键。Ⅵ、Translation A molecular formula is normally derived from an exact mass measurement.Exact mass measurements frequently can be made to an accuracy of better than 103Da using an internal standard of known exact mass.Even with this accuracy, however, a unique fit is seldom obtained when all possible elemental compositions at any nominal mass are considered.The number of possible elemental compositions at any nominal mass are considered.The number of possibilities increases with the number of elements that may be present, with the number of atoms of each element possible, and with the molecular weight.For organic compounds that have only the common hecteroatoms(O, N, Cl, Br, I, S, and Si)and molecular weights less than 500 Da, only a few possibilities need be considered.Thus, while exact mass measurement seldom gives a single formula, it often gives a singly reasonable formula, especially when other information on the sample is considered.Some of this ancillary information may come from the mass spectrum itself including isotopic abundance distributions, which are considered in the next section.Unit 17 Crystallisation Ⅴ、Translation
1、溶液是由溶质在溶剂中溶解而形成的。
2、可用的结晶方法有降温、蒸发和盐析。
3、大多数结晶器利用搅拌可提高晶体的增长速度。
4、一切金属都是良导体，因为金属里有大量的自由电子。
5、某些特定类型的化合物，其红外吸收峰强而宽，在红外吸收谱图中特别明显。
6、化学反应速率与反应物质浓度成正比。Ⅵ、Translate the following into Chinese 共沸混合物 同形物质过饱和度砷酸盐 晶核
异丙基
醇
钠 硫酸盐
间甲酚糖膏
十水化合物 结晶
同系物
衍生 结晶
四硼酸盐
盐析 乙基乙酰苯
矿物油 Unit 19 Words 电子捕获检测器 螯合络合物 分配系数 离子缔合络合物螯合试剂
共轭螯合环 有机氯杀虫剂
动物脂肪
气相色谱
共振结构
2，9－二乙基甲酰胺位阻
课文翻译：（考前必背）
Unit 12What Is Analytical Chemistry Most analyses today are carried out with specially designed eletronic instruments controlled by computers.These instruments make use of the interaction of electromagentic radiation and matter, or of some physical property of matter, to characterize the sample being being analyzed.Often these instruments have automatied sample introduction, automated data processing, and even automated sample preparation.To understand how the instrumentation operates and what information it can provide requires knowledge of chemistry, physics , mathematics, and engineering.The fundamentals of common analytical instruments and how measurements are performed with these instruments are the subjects of the following chapters on specific instrumental techniques.3 The analytical chemist must not only know and understand analytical chemistry and instrumentation, but must also be able to serve as a problem solver to colleagues in other scientific areas.This means that the analytical chemistry may need to understand materials science, metallurgy, biology, pharmacology, agricultural science, food science, geology, and other fields.The field of analytical chemistry is advancing rapidly.To keep up with advances, the analytical chemist must understand the fundamentals of common analytical techniques, their capabilities, and their shortcomings.The analytical chemist must understand the problem to be solved, select the appropriate technique or techniques to use, design the analytical experiment to provide revelant data and ensure that the data obtained are valid.Merely providing data to other scientists is not enough;the analytical chemist must be able to interpret the data, and communicate the meaning of the results, together with the accuracy and precision(the reliability)of the data, to scientists who will use the data.In addition to understanding the scientific problem, the modern analytical chemist often must also consider factors such as time limitations and cost limitations in providing an analysis.Whether one is working for a government regulatory agency, a hospital, a private company, or a university, analytical data must be legally defensible.It must be of known, documented quality.Record keeping especially computer record keeping, assessing accuracy and precision, statistical handling of data, documenting, and ensuring that the data meet the applicable technical standards are especially critical aspects of the job of modern analytical chemists.Unit 15
Mass spectrometry The electron multiplier is very similar in concept to the photomultiplier tube for optical detection.It is very sentive and has fast response., which has a surface that emits electrons when struck by fast-moving electrons, positive ions, negative ions, or neutrals.A discrete-dynode EM uses a series of 12~24 dynodes, each biased more positively than the preceding dynode.A collision releases several electrons from the dynode surface.These electrons are then accelerated to a second such surface, which, in turn, generates several electrons for each electron that bombards it.This process is continued until a cascade of electrons(an amplified current)arrives at the collector.Typically, one ion can produce 10electrons or more;this ratio of electrons measured per ion is refered to as the gain.The gain of the detector can be adjusted, with operating gains of 10~10used, depending on the application.A disadvantage to dynode-based detectors is that the number of secondary electrons released depends on the type of incident primary particle, its angle and energy.Therefore, they can exhibit mass discrimination due to differences in ion velocity.Heavy ions from quadrupole mass analyzers and from QIT mass analyzers impact the dynode surface at lower velocities than light ions.EM detectors for these instruments must be designed to overcome the
485difference in velocities, often by accelerating the ions prior to them striking the first electron-emitting dynode.The least-expensive ion detector is the Faraday cup, a metal or carbon cup that serves to capture ions and store the charge.The resulting current of a few microamperes is measured and amplified.The cup shape decreases the loss of electrons from the metal due to ion impact.The Faraday cup is an absolute detector and can be used to calibrate other detectors.Unlike dynode-based detectors, the Faraday cup does not exhibit mass discrimination.The detector does have a long response time, which limits its utility.The Faraday cup detector is used for making very accurate measurements in isotope-ratio MS, where the ion currents do not change rapidly.Faraday cup detector has no gain associated with it, unlike dynode-based detectors.This limits the sensitivity of the measurement.
第三篇：英语练习题答案
作业答案
Unit 1
P11
Ⅲ
1.instead of2.areinterested in3.intelligent4.willing5.wait for6.different
7.haspracticed8.succeed in9.depends on10.Similar11.Afraid12.disagrees withⅣ
1.一些在他们领域里很聪明、成功的人发现学习语言很困难。
2没等老师解释，他们就试图自己找出类型和规则。
3.他们不怕重复听到的东西或说出奇怪的话来，他们乐意犯错误然后再次尝试。
4.对他们来说，学习用语言思考比知道每一个单词的意思重要的多。
5.对他们来说，为了与这些人交流、向他们学习而学习这门语言是有必要的。
6.他们发现经常练习使用语言很容易，因为他们想学习。
Ⅴ
1.Mary and I often disagree with each other, but we are still good friends.2.Learning a language is active.Students should make use of every opportunity to applythe language.3.Learning a language should be active, independent and with an aim.4.Learning a language is different from the study of other courses.5.Those who are successful in learning a language should be interested in the language and people who say the language.6.Students are willing to accept teacher’s suggestions.Unit 2
P30
Ⅲ
1.talked of2.care for3.descends4.consists of5.isrelated to
6.while7.in order to8.as9.security10.relatives11.nucleus12.extendedⅣ1一些家庭历史悠久，但其他家族却对自己的祖先知之甚少。
2.核心家庭通常包括两个家长（母亲和父亲）以及他们的孩子。
3.大家庭的成员有血缘关系或婚姻关系。
4.因此，我们可以说随着社会的工业化，核心家庭比大家庭更重要了。
5.今天，美国50%以上的核心家庭是双收入家庭——父亲和母亲都挣钱——少数家庭是母亲挣钱，父亲照顾家庭和孩子。
6.因为社会科学家研究这两种新家庭形式，所以他们能告诉我们更多关于后工业时代核心家庭的未来的事情。
Ⅴ
1.The captain cared for the security of crew and passengers.2.While he is respected, he is not liked by people.3.She opens the window in order to air the room.4.After they married for many years, they split up.5.He and I are related by blood.6.This experiment will extend students’ knowledge of nature.Unit 3
P52
Ⅲ1.think of, as2.eager3.grows up4.as a matter of fact
5.Just as6.supplies, with7.are supposed to8.improved9.substituted for
10.digest11.contained12.helpful
Ⅳ
1.即使文明人里面也有人认为生姜具有某种魔力，能够改善人们的记忆。
2.后来，另一个关于西红柿有毒的说法出现了。
3.如果那些认为西红柿有毒的人们知道成千上万磅的西红柿在二战期间供应给海外的士兵，他们该有多景气阿！
4.但没人能证明鱼比其他事物能对大脑更有好处。
5.事实上，牛奶总会在胃里遇到能凝固它的消化液，牛奶的凝固是消化的第一步。
6.说人不应该将肉与土豆同时吃，就像说人不应该同时吃面包、喝牛奶一样愚蠢。
Ⅴ
1.We think of it as one of the busiest cities in the world all the time.2.It is reported that a gold mine is discovered in that area.3.Every student is eager to learn English well.4.When are we supposed to get there?
5.If you cannot go yourself, please find one to substitute for you.6.The success of study has much to do with your effort.Unit 4
P70-72
Ⅲ
1.result in2.at the expense of3.responsible4.lead5.provide
6.owing to7.take off8.spring up9.affects10.measures11.way
12.on the other hand
Ⅳ
1.在英国建立了个政府部门——环境部，这表明了此问题的重要性。
2.其中一些是公寓街区——因为土地价格高，所建的都是高层建筑，这看起来更像是饲养盒，而非人们有空间居住的房子。
3.一方面，这已给成千上万的人带来流动性，另一方面，这已使更多吵闹、危险的道路建立起来，废气已污染了空气。
4.捕杀昆虫已经导致生态失衡。
5.很多人担心撒了化学品的水果和叶子可能会对吃的人有一定的毒副作用。
Ⅴ
1.Students should focus on study.2.The bus driver should be responsible for the security of passengers.3.Finishing these courses of night school leads to the degree.4.The school will provide students with food and drink.5.That fire is owing to their carelessness.6.This movie has a great effect on him.Revision-Test Unit 1
I.1-5 C D B B A6-10 C B D C A11-15 D D B C C16-20 C A B A C21-25 A D D
A D26-30 C D A C CII.31-35 B D D C D36-40 A B C D B41-45 B D C A B46-50 D C C B D
III.51-55 C B C C D56-60 B B D A B61-65 C D A A C66-70 B D A C AIV,.71.Every teacher all cares for the improvement of my study.72.According to the tradition, Chinese young people live with parents before they grow up andhave their own families.73.What are these customers complaining about?
74.We usually think of dog as a clever animal.75.The killing of insects has resulted in a loss of balance in the ecology.V
.76.用水把食物冲下去来代替咀嚼并不好。
77.父母对于孩子的进步很迫切。
78.人们认为月球上没有生命。
79.最近越来越多的关注集中于保护环境问题上。
80.原来被工业化学废弃物污染的河流现在已经清理了。
Unit 5
P105-107
Ⅳ
1.patrol2.make a difference3.Budget4.dispensewith5.clingto6.hinders
7.groundto a halt8.obscure9.clears away10.unanimous11.detected12.snappedⅤ
1他过去喜欢讲《泉水的守护者》的故事，故事讲的是一个住在阿尔卑斯东麓一个奥地利村庄上面的一个安静的居民。
2.多年前，一个年轻的议员雇用这个老绅士打扫山上裂缝处水湾的垃圾。
3.他总是忠心耿耿的、默默的在山上巡逻，清扫叶子和树枝，清除会堵塞和污
染潺潺清水的淤泥。
4.优雅的天鹅浮游在清澈的泉水上，泉水附近的磨房轮子日夜不停的转着，农田自然的灌溉着，从饭店看去的景色美不胜言。
5.早秋之前，树开始落叶了。小树枝掉进水湾里，阻碍了清泉的急流。
6.又过了一周，一个有着难闻气味的工厂占据了沿岸的部分水域，难闻的气味很快被发觉。磨房的轮子转得更慢了，一些最终停了下来。
VI
1.The key to pass the College English Test(Band 4)is to believe that studying hard will make a difference.2.Exercising in the morning does good to health.3.The beauty of the scenery of Daming Lake is beyond description.4.By a unanimous vote, he was selected as the chairman of Student Union.5.An old bus ground to a halt.6.It is necessary to dispense with these unpractical regulations.Unit 6
P130-131
Ⅲ
1.serves as2.refund 3.varies from, to4.writes out5.charging6.Offered7.paying for
8.over9.requires10.Reluctant11.minimum12.deposit13.confidential14.issue
15.bill16.filled out
Ⅳ
1.你会发现把你的钱存进银行，你购买货物件数较多时，写支票来支付更安全、更方便。2还给你的取消的支票提供了你消费地点的记录，他们可以证明款项已收
到。
3.计划要求你为你所开出的每一张支票付一点服务费，每月付一点维持费。
4.另一个计划要求你的账户一直保持最低的余额。
5.所有的账户对存款账户付利息。利息率每个银行不同。
6.如果你的信用不好，银行不会发给你信用卡。
Ⅴ
1.I find it hard to understand him.2.There is an offer in America for me to do.3.The ages of my classmates vary from 18 to 20.4.This situation requires me to be there.5.Her parents pay for her travel to America.6.Tom is reluctant to go, but he has no other choices.Unit 7
P153-154
Ⅲ
1.in my opinion 2.deals with3.complains about 4.depends on 5.get used to 6.sympathetic
7.is accustomed to 8.on the other hand 9.at least 10.sure of himself
Ⅳ
1.苏宁博士对有兴趣开始新友谊的人提出建议：“每次你在社交场合遇见人时，要专注他四分钟。”
2.他不断越过另一个人的肩膀看，好像希望能在屋子的其他地方找到某个更有趣的人。
3.另一方面，我们不应该让别人认为我们过于自信了。
4.我们能适应选择改变性格时所发生的任何变化。
5.现在不是抱怨一个人的健康或提及别人缺点的时候。
6.关于陌生人的大部分说法同样适用于处理与家庭成员和朋友的关系。
Ⅴ
1.The success of exams depends on the effort to study.2.In my opinion, we’d better deal with this question after class.3.Many reading skills taught by teachers also apply to English study.4.As an adult student, I am not accustomed to the life in university now.5.Don’t be too sure of yourself when making friends.6.When first communicating with strangers, full honesty is not always good for sociality.Unit 8
P176-177
Ⅲ
1.wedding2.ceremony3.religious4.strictly5.responded6.prefer, to7.inspect
8.preparations
Ⅳ
1.比较美国和我国的婚姻习俗对我来说非常有趣。
2.事实上，对我来说看起来很奇怪的是追求或约会并不总是为了寻找丈夫或妻子。
3.在真实的婚礼上，新娘的父亲象征性的把他的女儿交给新郎。这仅是个习俗。
4.有趣的是，两家在仪式上会被问到是否反对此次婚事。
5.新娘穿着白衣服，带着面纱，独自坐在一个屋子里。
6.有几个月，她一直呆在自己的家里准备嫁妆并接受母亲关于如何做个好妻子
和好母亲的教诲。
Ⅴ
1.Without parents’ help, I can take care of myself.2.In America, young people seem to have many freedoms.They can decide and do what they want to do.3.If both of them are pleased, they are willing to marry the other one.4.A udent who was late stood outside the classroom and said,“Excuse me, am I allowed to come in?”
5.In the class, students should actively respond to the questions.6.Wedding in Iran is quite different form what I see in America.Revision-Test Unit 2
I.1-5 A D C A B 6-10 C B D A B11-15 C A C C B16-20 B C A D DII.21-25 B B C A C26-30 D C A D A
III.31-35 B B C D B 36-40 C C D B B 41-45 C C B D D46-50 D C D B D
IV.51-55 D C B C C 56-60 B D A D B61-65 A C A C D 66-70 A D A B B
V
.71.Students are preparing for the final exam.72.People often consider school as a small society.73.The price varies according to the season.74.He carefully deals with a difficult situation.75.The rain does not have great effect on the match..V
.76.他认为生活中的成功主要依赖于我们跟别人相处的方式。
77.我们必须使我们的想法和工作适应新的环境。
78．这是当你不确定做什么时避免犯错的最好方法。
79.分配给每个州的选举人的数量等同于在国会代表一个州的代表和参议员的总数。
80.在美国的结婚仪式上，一个宗教领袖会诵读圣经，而在伊朗则有两个毛拉来诵读可兰经。
第四篇：《应用写作》练习题及答案
《应用写作》练习题及答案
一、单选题
1.企业最权威的行政公文是（）。
答案：B
A、命令
B、决定
C、通知
D、议案
2.╳╳ 省人民政府授权省府办公厅答复省教育厅有关召开全省教育工作会议请示事项，省府办公厅应用（）行文答复。答案：C
A、计划
B、批复
C、复函
D、通知 3.报告结尾常见的习惯用语是（）。答案：A
A“特此报告”
B以上报告，请批复
C 特此汇报，请指示
D以上意见当否，请批准 4.下列文种中不属于行政公文的是()。答案：B
A．议案
B．会议记录
C．公告
D．会议纪要 5.调查报告从表达方式上看，其特点为（）。答案：A
A叙述、描写、议论相兼
B说明议论
C叙述、描写
D抒情、议论
6.新年伊始，各级机关、企事业单位和社会团体紧锣密鼓地撰写（）安排部署当的工作任务。答案：A
A总结
B批复
C计划
D通知 7.广告语是广告文案写作的艺术化（）。答案：D
A材料
B语言
C结构
D主题
8.()是机关单位负责人代表本单位在会议上所作讲话的文章底稿。答案：C
A广告文案
B解说词
C讲话稿
D主题词 9.大学毕业生为了获得工作职位就要向需要人才的社会组织投递()。答案：B
A 竞争上岗演讲稿
B 求职文书
C 说明书
D 计划 10.用来表达公文的具体内容，体现发文机关意图，被视为公文的核心部分的是（）。答案：D
A 公文标题
B 题注
C主送机关
D 正文 11.指令性的公文是指（）。答案：A
A命令和决定
B 函
C公告
D通告
12.向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况，答复上级机关询问时用（）。答案：B
A意见
B 报告
C总结
D请示
13.会议纪要属于（）。答案：A
A 行政公文
B 事务文书
C 司法文书
D 传播文稿
14.将行政公文划分为13种具体文种，是按（）。答案： A
A性质和作用分类
B行文方向分类
C机密程度分类
D紧急程度分类
15.报告中不得夹带（）事项。答案： D
A转发
B通知 C汇报
D请示
16.国家行政机关公文中只有（）这一文种具有批转和转发公文的作用。答案：C
A意见
B会议纪要
C通知
D决定
17.“适用于表彰先进、批评错误，传达重要精神或者情况”的公文文种是（）。答案B A.通知
B.通报
C.通告
D.报告
18.广东省人民政府向所属县、市人民政府下发《财政部关于严格控制各级行政机关、事业单位发放奖金的紧急通知》，用（）行文。答案：C
A、指示通知
B、批转通知
C、转发通知
D、知照通知 19.下列文种中属于行政公文的是()。答案：B
A．调查报告
B．情况报告
C．述职报告
D．经济活动分析报告
20.请根据下文回答1—4小题。每个小题的四个选项中有一项是符合题意的，请将符合题意选项的字母填写到括号中。
翠湖小区居委会关于申请兴建健身场的请示
街道领导：
为了推动全民健身运动，根据小区居民的迫切愿望，拟在小区活动中心附近增设群众健身场。因经费不足，拟请街道拨款一百二十五万元用于购置健身器械。此事关系到小区居民的切身利益，请务必批准。
翠湖小区居委会（章）二〇〇三年6月1日
（1）该文主送机关的写法()。答案： D
A.正确
B.应改为“街道办事处领导”
C.应改为“街道办事处主任”
D.应写明街道办事处的全称（2）该文结尾用语()。答案：D
A.态度恳切，可以使用
B.只需写明“请务必批准”即可
C.应改为“以上请示妥否，请批准”
D.应改为“妥否，请批复”（3）你对正文的修改意见有()。答案：C
A.“拟请街道办事处”应改为“要求街道” B.“一百二十五万元”应改为“125万元”
C.应充分论证兴建健身场的理由
D.完全符合要求，可以不改（4）该文成文日期的写法()。答案：C
A.正确
B.应改为“二零零三年六月一日”
C.应改为“二〇〇三年六月一日”
D.应改为“2〇〇3年6月1日”
二、填空题
1.求职文书可以说是大学毕业生推销自己的。答案：广告 2.行政公文13文种最新的是
。答案：意见 3.三要素的行政公文标题，由
、、组成。答案：发文机关、事由、文种 4.有请示必然有
。答案：批复 烈祝贺。答案：贺信
5.2005年3月14日，胡锦涛主席签署
，颁布《反分裂国家法》。答案：命令
6.公文格式包括
、和版记三部分。答案：眉首、主体
7.于2000年8月发布了全国写作公文的依据《
》。答案：国务院、《国家行政机关公文处理办法》
8.行政公文的眉首部分主要由份号、秘密等级、、、、签发人等项目组成。答案：紧急程度、发文机关标识、发文字号
9.完整的新闻（即消息）事实报道写作内容应该包括有六要素，即、、、、、。答案：何时、何地、何人、何事、为何、如何
10.的主体，要用富有说服力的事实来证明商品的质量和功用。答案：文案 11.对重要事项或重大行动做出安排，要用__________。答案：决定
12.表彰先进，批评错误，传达重要情况，要用__________。答案：通报
13.向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，提出建议，要用__________。答案：请示
14.相互商洽工作，询问和答复问题，向有关主管部门请求批准等，要用__________。答案：函
15.函分为__________、_________、_________三种。答案：请批函、商洽函和问答函
三、判断(正确的写A，错误的写B)1.用于社交、讲究礼仪，可以使气氛更加热烈、隆重和融洽的文体是求职文书。（）答案：B 2.为了增加感染力，公文也可以进行描写和抒情。（）答案：B 3.会议纪要即会议纪录。（）答案：B
4.广告文案是说明文，不是议论文。（）答案：A
5.《办法》规定的13种行政公文中只有报告、请示是上行文。（）答案：B 6.简报其实就是机关、企事业单位、社会团体的内部新闻。（）答案：A 7.会议纪要应如实反映会议的内容和议定事项。（）答案：A
8.通讯只要求写出事件的来龙去脉，不必有细节，也不用生动描绘出新人新事的典型材料和画面。
（）答案：B
9.“文章四要素”指主旨、材料、结构、附件。（）答案：B
10.某厂行文报告向市工业局汇报该厂锅炉爆炸的事故及处理情况。（）答案：A 11.意见是最新的行政公文文种。（）答案：A
12..文章“四要素”是指主旨、材料、结构、语言。（）答案：A 13..意见可用于上行文、下行文、平行文。（）答案：A
14..顾名思义，公告是在公众场合向群众宣告事项的公文。（）答案：B
15.通报的表达方式是叙述，不能用描写、议论。答案： B
16.合同写作时，当事人是法人的，还要标明法定代表人情况()。答案：（A）17.没有标的，合同就不能成立。答案：A
18.总结的目的既然是指导今后的工作，那么“今后打算”就是总结的核心。答案：B 19.凡请求对方批准的事项应用请示公文。答案：B
20.所谓意见，就是具有一定的建议、参谋和指导在意的看法，因此只能定向行文，向上级机关献言献策。答案：B
四、简答题
1.什么是简报？它有什么特点？
答：简报是社会组织及时简要地汇报工作，反映情况和交流信息的一种特殊都的公务文书。特点：简明扼要；真实可信；迅速及时；内部交流。
2.公文正文一般每面排多少行？每行排多少个字？ 答：22行，每行28字。
3.行政公文正文的原由部分有哪些方式？
答：行政公文正文原由部分一是依据类，有情况式、文件式、意义式、作用式，二是目的类。4.总结与计划的区别？
答:、行文时间不同。计划是对未来工作、活动的设想和科学的预见,因而事前写作;总结是对以往工作实践的回顾与评价, 所以是事后写作。行文目的不同。计划目的是为预定时间内实现目标而作出安排部署,以便统筹指导工作的具体实施开展;总结目的是把实践中成功的经验找到,发现问题,以便得到经验和启示,吸取教训,使工作少犯错误,建设损失和浪费。行文内容不同。计划思路的构成是做什么-怎么做-做到怎么样,写作内容与之相应:目标、措施办法和要求,“三要素”缺一不可。总结思路的构成是:做了什么-做到怎么样(成败得失)-为什么会这样(经验教训)-今后打算做什么。写作内容也与之相应:工作情况概述、成绩经验、错误教训和今后奋斗目标。
五、分析题
1.从下面公文中找出5个错误来，说明正确的写法。
××县关于召开经济工作会议的通知
各镇（乡）、局（行）、厂矿：
为总结经验，加速振兴我县经济的步伐，县政府决定在本月中旬召开经济工作会议，现将有关事项通知如下：
一.参加会议人员为各单位主管经济工作的主要负责人；
二.参加会议人员应认真准备有关经济工作情况及今后工作打算的材料，以便在会上汇报或交流。三.参会人员应带齐日常生活用品及伙食费，并于15日5时到县政府报到： 四.会议结束后，将布置今年下半年的工作安排。
以上通知，希遵照执行。
××县人民政府办公室
二00五年五月
（分析模式：
一、有错误，应改为：）
标准：找出5个错误来，说明正确的写法。
答案：
一、标题的发文机关有错误，应改为“关于召开经济工作会议的通知”。
二、主送机关有错误，应改为“各乡镇政府，各部门，各企业”。
三、原由部分有错误，会期应写出╳日到╳日。报到时间改为“15日5时前”。第四条多余。
四、公文生效标志有错误，应改为“（××县人民政府办公室印）”。
五、成文日期有错误，应改为“二ＯＯ五年五月╳日”。2.指出下列公文写作的不妥之处，并说明正确的写法。
关于禁止用白条子报帐的通知
各区、县级市政府、市府各部门、各直属机构 ：
根据市府的统一部署，由市财局牵头成立财经纪律检查组，展开为期一个月的对全市行政机关、企事业单位进行在财经纪律大检查工作。检查过程中我们发现一些单位，特别是集体建筑企业中，用白条报帐的现象极为严重，其中大都是经各单位领导同志签字批准的，这些白条子少则几元，多则几百元甚至上千元。这种做法不符合会计手续，是一种严重违反财经纪律的现象，必须杜绝。特此通知。
××市人民政府
2002年9月8日
一、这是事项性通知，应分条列项将所布置禁止用白条子报帐的工作做法一条条地写清楚，每条事项前面的序数要用汉字小写数字标注。
二、原由与事项之间要有承转按语“现就有关工作事项通知如下：
三、结语要就上述事项提出强调执行要求：“请认真执行”。
四、成文日期不能用阿拉伯数字，应按规定用汉字小写数字，即：二○○二年九月八日。
五、缺印章，补上。
第五篇：公文写作练习题(答案)
一、填空题：(红色为答案)
1、公文是党政机关、人民团体、企事业单位在管理过程中按照规定程序办理并在法定的范围内使用的、具有（法定）效力和（规范体式）的文书。
2、《国家行政机关公文处理办法》规定，行政机关公文种类为（13）种。
3、公文从行文关系角度可分为三种：（上行文、平行文、下行文。）
4、通知适用于（批转）下级机关的公文，（转发）上级机关和不相隶属机关的公文,发布文件；传达要求下级机关办理和需要有关单位周知或者执行的事项；（任免人员）。
5、请示的主要类型分为请求（指示）的请示和请求（批准）的请示。
6、公文的主题词一般为(3-5)个，最多不超过(7)个。
7、（函）主要用于平级单位之间、不相隶属单位之间以及有业务上的主管和被主管关系的单位之间的工作往来。
8、计划的三要素为：（目标、措施、要求）。
9、总结《建设企业文化是加强和改进企业思想政治工作的必由之路》是（主题）式标题。
10、调查报告是对客观事物进行调查研究，根据所获得的成果写成的反映客观实际、揭示事物（本质）和（规律）的书面报告。
11、（通知）是各级党政机关、人民团体、企事业单位在公务活动中最常用的一种公文，使用范围相当广泛。
12、（通报）是“适用于表彰先进，批评错误，传达重要精神或者情况”的公文；（报告）适用于向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关的询问。
二、判断题：
1、通常一件公文只有一个主送机关，防止多头主送。✔
2、通知具有多种功能，既能“上传”，又可以下达。✔
3、批复的主送机关是下级机关。✘
4、为减少发文，在向上级机关呈送的报告中可附带请示问题。✘
5、撰写复函时，正文的开头应首先写明来函日期及标题。✔
6、请示、决定、报告、函都属于下行文。✘
7、答复下级机关的请示事项，使用意见。✘
8、计划与总结的结构是相同的。✘
9、函的重要功能之一是传达重要精神。✘
10、公文正文一律采用3号宋体字。✘
三、改错题（红色为已改好）☆有删除线的表示删掉不要☆
1、××制药公司(关于)解决生产名贵中成药所需虎骨来源的请示
2、××总公司（关于）
3、批复开头：“你单位（×年×月×日《关于××问题的请示》）已收悉，经研究，批复如下”
4、×局关于（举办）
5、传达有关单位周知或者执行的事项，使用通知；答复上级机关的询问，使用（报告）。
67、“某市政府向所属各区告知特大交通事故”应该用（通报）。
8、只要是向比本单位级别高的（直属上级）单位发文，就应当使用“请示”或“报告”。
9、中共×××
1314、唐山市公安局关于（转发）《河北省公安厅关于学习宣传< 中华人民共和国治安处罚法>的通知》的通知
四、简答题：
1、通告与公告的区别
答：(1)发文内容不同；(2)发文机关范围不同；(3)行文范围不同；(4)发布方式不同。
2、撰写请示应注意哪些问题？
答：(1)一文一事；(2)单头请示；(3)不越级请示；(4)不得抄送下级机关。
3、请示与报告的不同之处
答：(1)行文目的、作用不同。(2)行文时间不同。(3)主送机关数量可以不同。(4)受文机关处理方式不同。
4、总结的正文有哪几种结构
答：(1)“三段式”结构，(2)“两段式”结构，(3)“阶段式”结构，(4)“总分式”结构，(5)“体会式”结构。
5、调查报告的写作要求
答：要做到：（1）选择典型，有针对性地深入调查；（2）认真分析研究材料，找出规律，概括出合乎事理的观点；（3）要用事实说话，做到观点和材料的统一。
五：写作题：指出下列公文文稿的错误之处，并根据公文写作与处理的要求，改写为一份正确的公文。
1、关于加强自检，坚决杀住企业吃喝风的通知
答：文稿错误有：
①标题中有错字，“杀住”应为“刹住”。
②根据文种“通知”的写作要求，通知应当有具体事项。该文具体安排事项不够明确，不便于开展工作。例如：成立自检小组，在什么时间开展自检，又在什么具体时间内完成？“一个月”，有些模糊。自检查哪些具体问题？ ③句子有语病：
“宴请频繁，名目繁多的请客送礼”，句子中的“宴请”和“请客”概念重复。“导致很大浪费”句中动宾不搭配，应改为“造成很大浪费”。
“各单位要为了加强廉政建设，维护企业利益，所以总公司办公会议研究决定，各单位必须成立纪检小组”。该句子句式杂糅。应删去“各单位要”。④主送单位“各厂矿、工厂”语义重复。删去后面的“工厂”。
⑤标点多处错误。
正确修改如下：
××市工业总公司文件
公司发〔200×〕×号
────────────────────────────
关于加强自检，坚决刹住企业吃喝风的通知
各直属单位、分公司和厂矿：
总公司财经纪律检查组在本次年底大检查中，发现各单位年底以各种名目送礼，高档宴请，给国家和集体造成极大的浪费。广大工人同志对这种腐败现象极为不满，广大党员对此极为不满。为了加强廉政建设，维护国家和集体的利益，经总公司办公会议研究决定，各单位要坚决刹住吃喝风，严禁公款送礼。并在全系统内，开展廉政自检工作。为此特将有关事宜通知如下。
一、各单位自200×年×月×日起，由所在单位一把手、工会负责人和财务部门组成纪检小组，•并于200×年×月×日将自检小组名单上报总公司办公室。
二、各单位自检项目如下： „„„„
三、各单位自检工作，于200×年×月×日始至×月×日初步结束，并将自检报告上报给公司。各单位接到通知后，必须从思想上高度重视，切实把廉政自检工作搞好。××市工业总公司二○○×年×月×日
主题词： ×××× ×× ××
2、关于召开全省高校校（院）长办公室工作会议的通知（例文如下）
各高校（院）：
为了进一步加强高校校（院）长办公室工作，促进全省各高校校（院）长办公室工作的协作与交流，经省教育厅研究决定，召开全省高校校（院）长办公室工作会议。现将有关事宜通知如下：
一、会议时间：4月16日至19日，会期4天。
二、报到时间：4月15日。
三、会议地点：沈阳市辽宁大学学术交流中心报告厅。
四、报到地点：沈阳市辽宁大学学术交流中心接待室。
五、参加人员：各高校校（院）长办公室主任（或副主任），每校1——2人。
六、会议内容：研究各高校校（院）长办公室工作的协作与交流。
七、注意事项：
1、请参加会议人员将到达时间、车次和返程时间及车次提前电告会务组，以便安排接待和代办购票；
2、请填写所附《与会表》，加盖单位公章，于4月10日前邮寄给会务组（设在辽宁大学校长办公室），以便统计与会人数，安排住宿；
3、请各校将拟提交的会议交流的经验材料自行打印80份，在报到时交会务组；
4、往返路费和住宿费自理，回单位报销，会议伙食标准每天40元。
八、联系方式：电话：024——23186000联系人：辽宁大学校长办公室王老师
传真：024——23187000邮编：124000
特此通知。
附件：与会表
辽宁省教育厅（公章）
二OO一年四月一日阅读下面材料，写请示、批复。
××客运集团公司关于调整票价的请示（例文如下）
市交通局：
我公司××路公共汽车将于2000年12月5日前，在全线更换新车（新车车型为××型黄海客车），实行无人售票服务；另新增同型号公交车10台，延长线路3公里。由于更换新车，并延长了行车线路，如仍按原来的价格售票，将影响到我公司的生存，所以我公司拟将1988年制定的票价：0.50元（起始价）~1.00元（第7站起至终点站），调整为全程票价一律1.00元。
以上请示当否，请批复。
××客运集团公司（公章）
二OOO年八月十日
××市交通局关于同意客运集团公司调整票价的批复（例文如下）
市客运集团公司：
你公司《关于调整票价的请示》（××发[2000]10号）收悉。经与市物价局协商，同意你公司将1988
年制定的票价：0.50元（起始价）~1.00元（第7站起至终点站），调整为全程票价一律1.00元。
特此批复。
××市交通局（公章）
二OOO年九月十日
关于同意成立××业务分局的批复（例文如下）
××市邮政局：
你局《关于成立××业务分局的请示》（××发[2000]20号）收悉。经研究同意你局成立××业务分局。
特此批复。
××省邮政局（印章）
二OOO年九月十五日
中国工商银行关于召开投资信息调查研究（例文如下）
工作会议的通知
各省（市）分行、各直属单位：
为了进一步做好投资信息调查研究工作，经研究，决定召开投资信息调查研究工作会议，现将有关事项通知如下：
一、会议时间：2006年12月15日——12月24日，会期10天。报到时间为12月24日。
二、会议地点：中国工商银行7楼会议室。报到地点为北京××宾馆。
三、会议内容：
1、传达贯彻总行行长对当前投资信息调查研究工作的相关指示精神。
2、交流投资信息调查研究工作经验。
3、布置2007年工作。
四、参加人员：各省（市）分行主管投资信息调查研究工作的主任（或处长）一人。
五、携带资料：各单位投资信息调查研究工作总结一式20份。
六、其他：
1、往返路费、食宿费自理。会议伙食标准每天100元。
2、联系人：×××电话：××××××××
邮编：××××××
特此通知
二OO六年十二月五日（印章）
关于筹建生物工程实验室拨款的请示（例文如下）
××省科技厅：
为了填补我市生物工程研究方面的空白，我所拟筹建生物工程实验室，共需资金300万元。现已自筹资金200万元，尚缺资金100万元，请省厅予以拨款100万元。
以上请示如无不妥，请批复。
附件：资金使用情况表
××市××研究所（印章）
二OO八年五月十日
主题词：科技生物工程实验室拨款请示
关于赴德检验引进设备的请示（例文如下）
辽宁省政府：
我局2005年5月10日与德国柏林市××设备公司签订了引进设备的合同，合同中商定在引进设备前可去该公司检验引进设备。为了确保引进设备的质量，我局拟于2006年12月10日派局长×××等5人应邀前去××公司考察，考察时间20天，所需外汇由我局自行解决。
以上请示如无不妥，请批复。
附件：
1、合同
2、来电
3、代表团成员情况简介
4、经费预算表
辽宁省外资局（印章）
二OO六年十一月二十日
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