[小道消息] 玄外2012小升初考试英语百科总结

第一篇：[小道消息] 玄外2012小升初考试英语百科总结

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[小道消息] 玄外2012小升初考试英语百科总结

1.Pablo Picasso is born in Malaga on October 25, 1881 the son of the painter and drawing teacher José Ruiz Blasco.He attends the Art Academy La Lonja in Barcelona in 1895, where his father also teaches.Picasso studies at the Madrid Academy in 1897.He travels to Paris in 1900, where he has his first one-man show with Ambroise Vollard.Picasso's early work begins with the melancholic pictures of the “Blue Period”.The cheerful “Rose Period” follows from 1905 to 1907, a period in which his circus paintings were made.The painting “Les Demoiselles d'Avignon” marks the beginning of Cubism in 1907, which Pablo Picasso develops together with Georges Braque and that can be separated into two categories, the “analytical Cubism” and the “synthetic Cubism”.2.Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens.John Dickens was a clerk in the Naval Pay Office.He had a poor head for finances, and in 1824 found himself imprisoned for debt.His wife and children, with the exception of Charles, who was put to work at Warren's Blacking Factory, joined him in the Marshalsea Prison.When the family finances were put at least partly to rights and his father was released, the twelve-year-old Dickens, already scarred psychologically by the experience, was further wounded by his mother's insistence that he continue to work at the factory.His father, however, rescued him from that fate, and between 1824 and 1827 Dickens was a day pupil at a school in London.At fifteen, he found employment as an office boy at an attorney's, while he studied shorthand at night.His brief stint at the Blacking Factory haunted him all of his life — he spoke of it only to his wife and to his closest friend, John Forster — but the dark secret became a source both of creative energy and of the preoccupation with the themes of alienation and betrayal which would emerge, most notably, in David Copperfield and in Great Expectations.3.Ludwig van Beethoven was born in a small town of 'Bonn' in Germany on December 16, 1770 in a family of professional musicians.His father Johann and grandfather Ludwig were musicians and they had decided to train him in music right from his childhood, so his father took on the job to teach him the basic lessons of music.Ludwig learned violin and some other instruments from his father.His father wanted Ludwig to be perfect in music, and in that endeavor, he thrashed little Ludwig whenever he made any mistake during practice.According to one story, because of the punishments given by his father, Ludwig suffered from hearing problems in future, which ruined his life.Besides the fact that his father and grandfather had a wish that little Ludwig should become a great musician, he himself had great interest in music.Whatever treatment Ludwig received from his father, he never let his love and interest fade in music.4.Liu Xiang beat Dayron Robles in a resumption of their hurdling rivalry before the London Olympics, and Lerone Clarke upstaged Jamaican rival Asafa Powell in the 60-meter sprint at the Birmingham Grand Prix on Saturday.Liu ran a flawless 60-meter hurdles final in 7.41 seconds, with the Chinese star almost a tenth of a second ahead of world record-holder Robles in their first meeting since at last year's world championships.“I am especially happy to get a national as well as Asian record,” Liu said.“I still feel though that over the first two hurdles I didn't do very well and that there is work to be done there.I am excited about the rest of the year now.”

In South Korea in August, Robles finished first over 110 meters but was disqualified for impeding Liu, who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.Now they are gearing up for the Olympic showdown that was denied in 2008 when Liu limped off the starting line in Beijing and Robles took his Olympic title.5.Chen Ning Yang is a Chinese-American physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics.He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel prize in physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction.Yang became a United States citizen in 1964.

第二篇：小升初英语主要知识点总结

小升初英语主要知识点总结，建议收藏

一、小学英语形容词性物主代词

1、形容词性物主代词8个： My your his her its our your their 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的

2、形容词性物主代词的特点：

1)译成汉语都有“的” eg:my 我的 their 他们的 2)后面加名词：eg:my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠词 a an the This is a my eraser(错误)That is your a pen(错误)It's his the pen(错误)

3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he(物主代词)her we(物主代词)our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。

二、小学英语名词性物主代词

1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个： Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的

2、名词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有“的” 2)后面不加名词

3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Eg:

1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)

三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子

把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。

Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car----we have cars 2, He is an American boy.----They are American boys 3, It is a car----They are cars 4,This is an eraser----These are erasers 5,That is a backpsck-----Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather------We are English teathers 7,It's a new shirt----They are new shirts 8,He's a boy----They are boys 9,She's a singer------They are singers 10,What'sthis in English?----What are these in English?

四、小学英语名词的数语法 名词有单数和复数两种形式

1、名词的单数：表示一个人或一个事物

2、名词的复数：表示一个人以上的人或事物 名词复数的变化规律如下：

1、多数情况下在名词后面加S，s 在清辅音后读【S】

2、以s,x,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作【iz】

3、以f ,fe为结尾的词去掉f或fe加ves，ves读作【vz】

4、以辅音加y 结尾的词，变y为ies

5、以元音加y结尾的词，直接加s

6、不规则变化

Man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen Policewoman-policewomen这种情况下a变成e

1、单复数同形

Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep-sheep deer-deer

2、This 这个these这些(复数)that那个 those那些(复数)I我 we我们(复数)he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数)am，is是 are(复数)

五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格 人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格区别：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但位置不同。Eg:I(主格)“我”--me(宾格)“我” 主格在陈述句中通常放句首，宾格通常放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。Eg :I have a new car.(I 主格)Excuse me(me 宾格)I ask him to go(him 宾格)They sit in front of me(me 宾格)主格(8个)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们 宾格(8个)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们

六、小学英语名词所有格语法

1、变法：在人名后面加's 记住：'s要译成“的” eg:Lucy(名词所有格)Lucy's

2、如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加's Eg:Lily and Lucy(名词所有格)Lily and Lucy'S Lily Lucy and Julia(名词所有格)Lily Lucy and Julia's

3、以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加'，eg:students'

七、小学英语就划线部分提问练习题 就划线部分提问的变法：

1、先根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词。

2、再把没划线的部分变成一般疑问句的语序。

3、特殊疑问词通常有：what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ whatclass /what grade/what row/what school

八、小学英语一般疑问句

1、一般疑问句最基本的变法：be 提前用问号读升调

2、my变成your our变成your I am / We are 变Are you I can 变Can you

3、注意人名不论放在什么位置都要大写 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有“吗”? 1)This is my English teather.Is this your English teather? 2)It is our school.Is it your school? 3)We are students.Are you students? 4)I can sing.Can you sing?

九、小学英语动词的用法

1、到目前为止，我们学过的be动词包括三个词 am ,is, are 这三个词的汉语意思相同，都是“是”的意思，但怎么运用 好这三个词呢?请记住下列口决：

2、我是 am（eg:I am a pupil.）你是 are（eg:You are a girl.）

Is 用在他、她、它（eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.见到复数就用are.）

3、记住：am ,is 的复数是are.;these 这些;those 那些(这两个词都表示复数)

十、英语简缩形式的变法语法

1、简缩形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外，are要把a打成'。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。

3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时，一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's

4、记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i)

5、记住：thisis 没有简缩形式this's(错误)

第三篇：小升初英语作文总结2011

小升初英语作文范文

1、我的书包My Backpack

I have a backpack.It is large and it is blue.It is a birthday gift from my parents.I love it very much.It is very “hard-working”, because I keep all my school things in it.It is very heavy.It is with all the time during school days.It is a good friend of mine.2、我的铅笔盒My Pencil-box

I have a good friend.Her name is Pencil-box.She is a very beautiful girl.Look!There is a picture on her face.It’s a picture of flowers.Her coat is blue and yellow.There are some pencils, a pen, a ruler, a rubber and a tape in her stomach.From Monday to Friday, I go to school with her.When I want to copy or write the new words, I open her mouth and take out the pencil from her stomach.She helps me a lot.11、生日（Birthday）

My birthday is on Sunday.My parents are going to have a birthday party at home.I invite my friends to come to the party.At the party.They give me many small presents.Such as cards, picture books, pens.They sing Happy Birthday to me.My mother makes a big cake for me.I cut the cake into small pieces and give them out.we sing and dance.We have a good time at the party.12、我的理想。我想成为校长(I want to be a headmaster)

I want to be a headmaster when I grow up.I think that’s a good job.My school is in the forest.It’s very beautiful.I go to work by Benz at eight o’clock in the morning.The teachers in my school are kind and patient.They are all hardworking so they get good salary.The children And I like her very much.3、我的房子My House

I have a house.It is big and new.There are eight rooms in it.They are a living-room, a kitchen, three bedroom, one study and two bathrooms.I watch TV in the living-room.I do my homework in the study.I have dinner in the kitchen.This is my house.I like it.4、我的卧室I love my bedroom

I have a bedroom.It is not big, but it is nice.There is a bed in my bedroom.A yellow dog is on the bed.Every night I sleep with it.Next to the bed, there is a desk.A bear lamp is on the desk.I like the bear lamp.It’s cute.I like to do homework under the lamp every evening.I have a new computer in my bedroom.It is my best friend.Because I study at it, play at it.There are also several beautiful pictures on the wall.I like my bedroom.Do you like it?

5、我的新学校

I have moved to my new school since Septmber.It is a modern and nice school which is in Beijing.It has a playground, a library, several labs, classrooms with electronic equipment and so on.It's quite different from my old school.It's larger, much more modern.This is why I love my new school.If you are free, you are warmly welcomed to come to our school to have a look.6、开学见闻

It's the first day of school once again.Stepping into the gate of the school always reminds me of the responsibility I carry as a student.Being a student is not just about attending classes and showing up during examinations.I’m here to be empowered.To gain knowledge is all about empowerment.And wish that someday, I could use that knowledge to make a significant contribution to the society.7、今年暑假(This vacations/)

In this vacations I am going to go to travel in some famous places and I am going to go to visit my grandparents in the village.I am going to learn something different.like example: I know people work in the village it is so hard and so tired, they are grow the vegetable, rice and something else it is very difficult.8、小学的最后一个暑假(the last summer in my elementary school)The last summer in my elementary school is very unforgettable.I remember I will go to another school and have to leave my friends and teachers, I feel sad , but I learned to get together with them to remember the friendship between us, we have a good time and swear to study hard in order to have a bright future.9、今天的经历(Today’s experience)

It was a fine day today and the sun was bright.I visited Beijing Zoo with my classmate, Zhang Hong.The animals there were so interesting that all the people loved them.When I saw a visitor throwing food to the monkeys, I ran to him and said ,” Animals are our good friends and we must take good care of them.”

10、有趣的一天A Wonderful Day

Last November 24 was my birthday.I had a party at my home.My friends came to my home in the afternoon and I got a lot of presents from them.At the party, we ate a big cake, sang songs, watched TV and listened to music.We were very happy.But all good things must come to an end.We said goodbye at about ten o'clock.We had a very good time on November 24.in my school have three classes in the morning.In the afternoon, they play and pick up mushrooms or strawberries in the forest.They have no homework.They are very happy!At four o’clock in the afternoon, I go home with kinds of mushrooms and fruits in my Benz.They are for my dinner.动物

13、我的狗（My Dog）

I have a dog.My dog name is DuDu.DuDu is 9 years.DuDu is fat.It wears a white coat.DuDu has two big eyes and two small ears.It has one short mouth.My dog is smart.I like my dog.Do you like it?

14、猫(A cat)Who am I?

Hello!My name is Feifei.My mother is very beautiful.My father is very handsome.So I’m very lovely.Look!My coat is white.My eyes are blue.I have a long tail.Fish is my favorite food.I like mice too.Guess!Who am I?

15、我喜欢的动物（Animals）

I like animals very much.I have a dog, It’s my favourite animal.It’s white, It looks like a snow ball.It has two big eyes and ears.But its nose and mouth are very small.It’s very naughty.It often stares at my food when I have a meal.When I’m home it follows me all the time.When I do my homework, it often sits beside quietly, but sometimes runs around me and shouts: Woof!Wood!.I like my dog very much.16、动物自我介绍：兔子Do you like me?

Hello!Everyone.I’m a little rabbit.My name is Hanhan.Look!I’m very lovely.My eyes are red.My ears are long.My hair is white.My tail is short.I like carrots very much.I have a good friend.She’s my little master.Her name is Zhou Xun.We always play games together.I like her very much and she likes me, too.人物

17、自我介绍

Hi!I am a happy and quiet girl.I am from China.I am twelve years old.I am a pupil.I am in Class Three Grade Four.I have many good friends.I like many pets: the peacock, panda, rabbit and bird.They are lovely.I am tall.I have around face, there are big eyes, small mouth, small nose on my face.I have a black long hair.I like eating apples, bananas, chicken and...I like music, singing, running, pinting...I often say: Book is my good friend.I like it!Who am I? Yes, my name is Lv Enhui.Do you like me?

18、我的好朋友（My Good Friend）

Zhang Ying is my good friend.She’s in Class1, Grade4 of Tianjiao Primary School.She’s a model student.She’s clever and she’s helpful, too.She often helps teachers and young students at school.She is good at Chinese, maths, English, arts , music and so on.She has a lot of hobbies.She likes painting and drawing.And she likes listening to music, having picnics with her parents.But she doesn’t like playing basketball, football, table tennis or volleyball.Zhang Ying is the best friend of mine.I like playing with her.We always work together and help each other.19、我的父母 My Parents

My parents work in a shoe factory.They get up at five thirty.They first get breakfast ready.Then they go to work by bus.They work there from eight to five.They come home at about six and prepare super for us.Mother washes clothes in the evening, Father often makes toys for toys for us.They are busy all day.（我的父母）

My mother is 38 years old, but she never tells others how old she is.She says she just doesn’t want them to know about it!My mother is a well-known doctor in our area.She works hard.She often gets up very early in the morning and rushes to the hospital to look after her patients.She is kind to her patients and treats them the way she treats her family.Sometimes I wonder whom she loves more, her patients or me.（我的妈妈）

My father is 40 years old.He has short hair, big eyes and a small mouth.He is my best friend.My father is a teacher.He is very busy.He doesn’t have any holidays or weekends.Every morning he goes to

25、我最喜欢的节日(My favourite festival)

My favourite festival is the Spring Festival.Why? Because I have lots of fun at the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival is a popular holiday in our country.It is in January or February.Our family get together.We have a big dinner at my grandparents' home.I always eat a lot of delicious food.My cousin and me both get red packets from our grandparents.My parents usually go shopping with me.We buy some nice clothes for ourselves.We often watch TV at home and sometimes read books or surf the Internet.Sometimes, we greet other people on the phone.I'm always happy at the Spring Festival.Which is your favourite festival?

26、交通安全

With the development of the modern technology，private car is no longer a luxurious thing for ordinary people，more and more people drive to work instead of going by bus.The popularization of private car school very early and stays with his students until late in the afternoon.It seems that he never gets tired!His students love and respect him.(我的爸爸)

20、我的新老师（My new teacher）

My new teacher is science teacher.He’s very strong.He has a big mouth, two big ears, two big eyes and a not too big and not too small nose.He often wears a black new shirt and brown pants, with two big shoes。

My science teacher is very kind.And he is very smart, isn’t he? Today, we have science class.We are very happy.Because he is so funny.Who is he? He’s a Mr.Zhou.21、我的好习惯（My good habits）

In the morning.First, I get up.Next, I brush my teeth.Then, I wash my face.After that, I have breakfast.At last, I go to school.In the evening.First, I finish my homework.Next, I have dinner.Then, I pack my schoolbag.After that, hang up my clothes.At last, I go to bed.22、我最喜爱的照片(My favourite photo)

There is an Aoyu in the picture.The Aoyu has a green tail, two colorful horns and the silver skin.It’s a silver Aoyu.It looks beautiful and lively.Aoyu dance is a traditional dance in Shawan Piaose.It means it can always get the first.It’s a good symbol.Everyone likes it very much.23、最有趣的事

To me, the most interesting subject is English.But I find studying English is very difficult.So if you ask which subject is the most difficult to me.My answer will be English.Now I am a student, everyday I have more than one English classes, I like studying it very much and I hope I can study it very well.So I can talk with foreigners and know the foreign countries things, it is very useful.24、我最喜欢的季节

例一：My favourite season is summer.Firstly, we will have a long holiday in summer, so we can relax oueselves.And we can also eat ice cream in summer, I love eating it very much;Secondly, it gets really warm in summer, so I feel really energetic;Thirdly, the days are longer than nights in summer, so we can play longer.In a word ,I love summer very much.例二：My favourite season is autumn.It is a harvest season.Farmers are all busy getting in the crops.There are lots of different fruits in the season, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on.The Mid-Autumn Festival is the Chinese traditional festival in autumn.People often have a big family dinner to celebrate it.The whole family have mooncakes and admire the full moon in the open air at night.It is cool in autumn.So autumn is a good season to travel.National Day is on October 1.Lots of people go out for a trip during the holiday.We can learn a lot about the history of our country from the trip.I want to visit Beijing, the capital of China, with my parents this autumn.People also do many different kinds of sports in autumn.For example, children often fly kites in the park.The young like climbing the hills and having a camping trip at weekends.The old can go out for a walk and do some exercise.There are many beautiful flowers in autumn.Chrysanthemums are the most popular.They have a sweet smell.I like autumn best.What about you, my dear friend?

has many advantages.First，it is very convenient and time-saving，you can drive your own car to the workplace instead of waiting for the crowded bus and afraid of being late for working.Second，it can also improve the traffic structure，and help to mitigate the stress of the traffic.Third，the popularization of private car can help to promote the car industry and any other interrelated industries.I believe that in the future the private car will become the most important vehicle and we can't live without it.信：

上个周末 DearLet me tell you something about my last weekend.I got up at about seven.Between 8:00 to 11:00 I was doing my homework.Then I

helped my parents clean the house.In the afternoon, I went to visit my friends and at about 3:00, we were playing table tennis.In the evening I surfed the internet and read books.How about you? Yours 我的情况：自我介绍 Dear XXX,How are you!My name is Peter.I’m from XXX.I’m 12 years old.I study in a primary school.I’m in Class 1, Grade 6.Let me tell you something about my family.There are 3 people in my family.They are my father, mother and I.We are a happy family.How about you? Please write to me soon.Yours XXX

我的家人：My family

I am happy to have a new friend.There arepeople in my family, my I.I am father is 7cm taller than me.He is a teacher.He likes running.He is thinner than me, too.My mother is a farmer.She is 3cm shorter than me.She likes going shopping.My brother is a student.He is 174cm tall.He likes playing football.He is taller and heavier than me.句型

There are_几 people in my family, my _家人_and I.I am ____.My father is ________.He is ____er than me.My mother is ___.She is ____er than me.I am a_________.IMy father is a/an____.He likes____.He can _______.My mother is a/an____.She likes______.She can_______.写作文时注意

1、确定人称，I / He / She2、确定时态：一般现在时动词原型或三单形式（-s）现在进行时 am/ is / are动词现在分词形式（-ing）一般将来时 will 动词原型 或 be going to 动原 一般过去时 动词过去式（-ed）

3、句型：人称动作相应时态地点方式时间。

第四篇：小升初英语必备知识点总结

小升初英语必备知识点总结

在升初中的英语考试中，重点中学所出的小升初英语考试题，都会对学生提出更高的要求，主要的知识点总结为以下几个方面：

1、词汇量：一般重点中学的小升初英语考试，都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量，而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词，甚至要求孩子会拼写。很多孩子认为小升初英语考试卷中的英文奥数题比较难，主要障碍就是很多单词不会，这样扣分之后，跟其他孩子就有差距了。所以这里为大家提供了一些专家研究的单词记忆法，希望对大家有用。克服小升初英语单词记不住的速记方法 小升初孩子记忆英语单词8个方法

2、语法：小升初英语考试需要孩子有扎实的语法功底，要求孩子做单选题、语法题不会错。

3、实际运用能力：知识学到手会用才是关键。

小升初英语阅读题中，主要考察孩子的还是词汇搜索的能力，就是需要孩子看到问题之后，会返回原文找答案，并选出正确的答案。

摘要写作中，需要孩子能根据问题来写文章，主要考察的是孩子的连词成句能力。

英文奥数题中，孩子不仅要学会猜测不认识的单词含义，还要具备翻译题目的能力，然后解题。

学生具有2000到3000的词汇量是不够的，还需要孩子有拓展的词汇量。例如：free这个词，意思是自由等，但是在free sugar中，free就不是自由的意思了，这个词组的意思是无糖的。

（一）小升初英语语法

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not(don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

三、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

四、be going to

1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

2.肯定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football.否定句：be not going to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football.一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如：Who is going to play football? 五、一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式?如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw,say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took,run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

（二）小升初英语词类：

动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

先用“一(量词)”(如：一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)

1、动词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。

(1)行为动词

就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。

行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：

原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：

↗有，就加ing

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词

(若是be going to 就用原形)

↘没有，再看情态动词

↗有，就用原形

↗有，就加ed

↘没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语

↗是第三人称单数就加s或es

↘没有，再看主语

↘不是第三人称单数就用原形

(2)be动词

a、Am--was Is--was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。

b、肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)ateacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long.Her eyesare(not)small.c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类：is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。

判断步骤：

↗第一、三人称单数，就用was

↗有，再看人称

↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用were

看有无表示过去的时间状语

↗第一人称单数，就用am

↘没有，再看人称→第三人称单数，就有is

↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用are(3)情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。

情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

2、名词

表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。

这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。

如何加后缀：

a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives

e.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判断步骤：

↗如是am、is或was→原形

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词

↘如是are或were→加s或es

3、形容词(包括副词)

形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。

形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。

未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。

两个重要特征：as„„as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。

4、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词

物主代词

单数

复数

单数

复数

主格

宾格

主格

宾格

形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)

第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours

第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours

第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs

she her her hers

it it its its

人称代词：

有主格和宾格之分。

一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。

物主代词：

有两类：形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)

一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

5、数量词

我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。

6、冠词

有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思，一(个„)，the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。

（三）小升初英语句式：

一、否定句：

表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。

有三种可能：be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did)+ not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：

1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。

2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。

3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)在助动词后加not。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。

二、一般疑问句。

表示疑问，一般回答只有两种可能Yes，„„或No，„„句中没有疑问词。

如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：

1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。

2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。

3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)把助动词后提到句首。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。

三、特殊疑问句。

表示疑问，有疑问词(在开头)，回答有很多种可能。

常用疑问词：

What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How 如何对划线部分提问：

1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。

如：His birthday is on the 5th of May.他的生日在五月五日。

2、用汉语进行提问。

如上句，应该问：他的生日在什么时候?

3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。

如上句When is his birthday ?

四、祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。

肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please)，否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。

把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。

五、时态

1、一般现在时

(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如：

The children are very happy on ChristmasDay.She often does some housework at theweekend.(2)一般现在时中的be动词：

一般用原形：am is are

am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children、his parents等)。

(3)一般过去时中的动词：

有两种情况：

第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他，如Helen、her cousin 等)，动词后一般加s或es。

第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时)：

△be动词是am、is、are

△动词用原形或加s、es

△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间

(5)有用的的依据：

Be动词是is、am ←→ 名词用原形(这里包括可数名词的单数和不可数名词)

Be动词是are ←→ 名词加s或es

动词加s或es ←→ 主语是第三人称单数

动词用原形 ←→ 主语不是第三人称单数(6)情态动词：

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、must、should、would。

情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)六、一般过去时

(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如：

The girls were on the grass just now.They visited my parents last weekend.(2)一般过去时中的be动词：

一般用过去式：was were

was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children、his parents等)。

(3)一般过去时中的动词：

一般只有一种情况：+ed

这里强调一点，和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加ed。

(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时)：

△be动词是was、were

△动词加ed

△有表示过去的时间状语

现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：

just now a moment yesterday last week lastnight last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago

five years ago(5)有用的的依据：

Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时

动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语

3、一般将来时

(1)构成形式：

Be going to +动词原形。

这里强调一点，be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。

(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。

(3)有用的依据：

一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的是原形←→ 该句是现在进行时

(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。

4、现在进行时

(1)构成形式：

Be动词+动词的ing形式

这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。

(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。

(3)有用的依据：

一个句子中既有be动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时

(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。

七、Have、Has和There be结构

1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were

2、意思都是“有”。

3、和have、has、had的区别：

(1)There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)

(2)在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is;主语是复数，be 动词用are;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。

(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

(4)there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。

(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。

(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。

(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语?

(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

第五篇：英语(二外)考试大纲

英语（二外）考试大纲

一、评价目标

考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：

（一）语言知识

1.语法知识

考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写、译的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇

考生应能掌握《大学英语课程教学要求》（教育部高教司，2007）一般要求规定的5500左右的词汇以及相关词组，参见《大学英语参考词汇表》（教育部高教司，2007）。此外，考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握涉及个人好恶、生活习惯、宗教信仰，以及本人工作或专业等方面的特殊词汇。

（二）语言技能

1.阅读

能基本读懂英语国家大众性报刊杂志上一般性题材的文章（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），阅读速度为每分钟70~90词。在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度适中的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟120词。能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能：

1）正确理解中心大意；

2）抓住主要事实和有关细节；

3）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；

4）根据上下文推测生词的词义；

5）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；

2.翻译

考生应能对题材熟悉难度适中的文章进行英汉互译。翻译时，考生应能：

1）做到译文基本准确，无重大的理解错误；

2）做到语法结构正确，用词恰当，无重大的语言表达错误；

3）合理使用关联词，内容前后连贯，文理通顺；

4）体现原文的文体特点。

3.写作

考生应能写一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章以及不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、摘要、报告、演讲稿等。写作时，考生应能：

1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词丰富恰当，句型准确多样；

2）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

3）遵循文章的特定文体格式；

4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。

二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构

（一）考试形式

考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

试卷分试题册和答题纸。考生应依照题目顺序将所有试题答案写在答题纸上。

（二）考试内容与试卷结构

试题分五部分，包括词汇、结构、阅读理解、翻译和写作。

第一部分词汇（20分）

该部分着重考查考生对不同语境中词汇运用（尤其是参考书目课文中出现的积极词汇）的掌握程度。试题采用以下三种题型中的两种。

题型一：选择题，即在一个句子中留出空白，要求考生从四个选项中选出最佳答案完成句子，共10小题，每小题1分；

题型二：完型填空题，即在一段文章中留出空白，要求考生从四个选项中选出最佳答案填空，共10小题，每小题1分；

题型三：选词填空题，即在一段文章中留出空白，要求考生从所给词库中选出最佳词汇填空，共10小题，每小题1分。

第二部分结构（10分）

该部分着重考察考生对不同语境中表达方式和结构运用（包括参考书目课文中出现的重要语法知识点）的掌握程度。试题采用以下两种题型之一。

题型一：选择题，即在一个句子中留出空白，要求考生从四个选项中选出最佳答案完成句子，共10小题，每小题1分。

题型二：改错题，即在一个句子的四个部分下划线，要求考生选出错误部分并更正错误，共10小题，每小题1分。

第三部分阅读理解（40分）

该部分着重考查考生阅读理解书面英语的能力，包括理解中心大意、主要事实和细节，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。试题采用题型一或兼有两种题型。

题型一：深度阅读题，即要求考生在理解所给文章（每篇约300~400词）内容的基础上，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。每篇文章后各有5个小题，每小题2分；

题型二：快速阅读题，即要求考生根据阅读文章（每篇约800字左右）所提供的信息回答问题或填空。每篇文章后5~10个小题，每小题1~2分。

第四部分翻译（15分）

该部分着重考察考生的综合翻译能力，考察考生能否用流畅、易懂的汉语或英语准确地传达英语、汉语原文的意思。基本上取材于近期报纸、杂志、网络以及参考书目课文，难度适中，题材熟悉，不涉及高深的专业知识和专业词汇。题型为约200~300字左右的内容相对完整、清楚的一段或几段文字，要求考生进行书面翻译。

第五部分写作（15分）

该部分着重考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇120~150词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）或应用文（包括私人和公务信函、摘要、报告、演讲稿等）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。

三、参考书

全新版《大学英语》（1－4册），李荫华等主编，上海外语教育出版社，2010.7