总结的写作格式

第一篇：总结的写作格式

(一)工作总结的格式

总结的格式，也就是总结的结构，是组织和安排材料的表现形式。其格式不固定，一般有以下几种

1、条文式

条文式也称条款式，是用序数词给每一自然段编号的文章格式。通过给每个自然段编号，总结被分为几个问题，按问题谈情况和体会。这种格式有灵活，方便的特点。

2、两段式

总结分为两部分

前一部分为总，主要写做了哪些工作，取得了什么成绩;后一部分是结，主要讲经验，教训。这种总结格式具有结构简单，中心明确的特点。

3、贯通式

贯通式是围绕主题对工作发展的全过程逐步进行总结，要以各个主要阶段的情况，完成任务的方法以及结果进行较为具体的叙述。常按时间顺序叙述情况，谈经验。这种格式具有结构紧凑，内容连贯的特点。

4、标题式

把总结的内容分成若干部分，每部分提炼出一个小标题，分别阐述。这种格式具有层次分明，重点突出的特点。一篇总结，采用何种格式来组织和安排材料，是由内容决定的。所选结论应反映事物的内在联系，服从全文中心。

(二)工作总结的构成总结一般是由标题，正文，署名和日期几个部分构成的。

1、标题

标题，即总结的名称。标明总结的单位，期限和性质。

2、正文

正文一般又分为三个部分:开头，主体和结尾。

(1)开头

或交待总结的目的和总结的主要内容;或介绍单位的基本情况或把所取得的成绩简明扼要地写出来或概括说明指导思想以及在什么形势下作的总结。不管以何种方式开头，都应简炼，使总结很快进入主体。

(2)主体

是总结的主要部分，是总结的重点和中心。它的内容就是总结的内容。

(3)结尾

是总结的最后一部分，对全文进行归纳，总结。或突出成绩;或写今后的打算和努力的方向;或指出工作中的缺点和存在的问题。

3、署名和日期

如果总结的标题中没有写明总结者或总结单位，就要在正文右下方写明。最后还要在署名的下面写明日期。

工作总结写作的基本要求不论何种格式的工作总结，其写作都应遵循以下要求:

(一)掌握客观事实，广泛占有材料这是写总结的基础。总结，就是总括事实，得出结论。没有事实就无法得出结论。总结的材料要准确，典型，丰富。写总结的人得花大量的精力去搜集，积累丰富的材料，又要对搜集的材料进行筛选，确保材料的真实性和典型性。

(二)对占有的材料作认真的分析研究这是写好总结的关键。认真分析与研究，首先要有正确的指导思想。其次，要坚持实事求是的原则，克服夸大成绩，回避错误的缺点。再次，要坚持运用辩证法，全面地看待过去的工作。既能看到得，又能看到失;既能看到现象，又能看到本质;既能看到主流，又能看到支流。最后，要突出重点。总结不是流水账，不能不分主次地去罗列数字和事例，要围绕一个中心主题精心选用，分析典型材料，突出主要问题。

(三)反映特点，找出规律

这是撰写工作总结的重点。每个单位都有自己的特点，好的总结应当总结出那些具有典型意义的，反映自身特点的以及带规律性的经验教训。

(四)具体写作过程中的要求

1、编好写作提纲

在编写的提纲中，要明确回答想写什么问题，哪些问题是主要问题等。就是简单的总结，不写提纲，也得有个腹稿。

2、交待要简要，背景要鲜明

总结中的情况叙述必须简明扼要。对工作成绩的大小以及工作的先进，落后，叙述一般要用比较法，通过纵横比较，使得背景鲜明突出。

3、详略须得当

根据总结的目的及中心，对主要问题要详写，次要的要略写。

工作总结忌“三多” 当前年终将近，各单位、部门都忙于对一年来的各项工作进行总结概括。工作总结，顾名思义，就是对所做工作进行总体归纳和全面概括的具体结论。它不仅是对各项工作的具体做法、进展情况、取得经验进行总结，更是对工作中存在问题、不足及下一年工作安排的概括。因此，工作总结特别是年终总结应具有客观性、全面性和概括性。可如今，一些单位的工作总结则变了“调”，串了“味”。例如有的单位在写工作进展情况时，总把“基本完成、将要完成、预计达到”等字眼当头；在写到存在的问题时，则用“依然、还、比较”等字词绕人眼；当写到取得的成绩时，就开始“添油加醋、浓墨重彩”一番叙述，把工作总结写成了“业绩汇报”、“工作汇报”，这样，总结就变成了“工作业绩多、虚话套话多、模糊字眼多”的“三多”总结。其实，工作总结只需要把所干工作实实在在、有始有终的进行全面客观评价。对所做的工作，既要看到取得的成绩，又要看到不足的地方，对于存在的问题，既要事实求是，又要全面客观。所以，只有在心系群众的基础上，真正干了工作，才能用“实绩”写出群众满意的“总结”来。

空调不能制热原因大别3种

（选择机型）

不够制热量，房间面积大或天花高度大。还是房间空隙太多了。

一般制冷适合面积大比较制热适合面积。比如说制冷1.5匹适合的房间需要2匹制热量。大半的空调不制热的问题是这个问题。换大空调或加买空调，其他没有办法。（安装）

制热短路的问题。吹热风快上升上面，就再吸入，空调感温过高。

特别挂机制热很容易造成制热短路。

原因是室内机和天花的距离太短，吹风量小，室内导风片向上面。

对策是1)试导风片向下面, 2)试风量大一点，3)室内机的位置移动。

（故障）

1)室内环境温度的感温包坏了

2)室外四通阀不转，还是四通阀线圈掉了

3)主板上四通阀继电器或那边电子零件坏了

4)室内电机坏了

专业分析各种可能。第一，空调不是冷暖或变频机。第二，室内温度高于室外温度。第三，如果空调是冷暖的，看房间大小，如果空间大，空调匹数小，也暖和不了(同样制冷也冷不下来)。第四，空调外机太赃，一般一年清洗一次，如果所在环境灰尘大，一般半年洗一次。第五，空调温度感应器坏了。第六，使用空调时是否有关好门窗。第七，外机压缩机故障。

第二篇：写作总结

写作总结

一、写作概述

小作文15min,共10分，80~100字；大作文35min,共20分160~200字（最好多写200~240）答题卡上，段与段之间可以空一行。

二、小作文

1、书信

▲必备词汇：

1）抱怨信：lodge a complaint about, express my concern/dissatisfaction/disappointment about

2）咨询信：make requiries regarding, ask informationg about

3）道歉：express my regret

4）感谢：express/extend my sincere gratitude/appreciation for

5）建议：I am writing this letter with my suggestions/proposals about

6）求职：apply the position/vacancy about

Recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of

7）寻找失物：report the loss of my……when I ……, request your assistance in finding my…..8）邀请：request your presence at….▲最简模板

1）称呼：写给机构dear sir of madam写给个人dear LiMing

2）正文：三段

第一段：自我介绍，写作目的I am wrtiting this letter for the purpose of

第二段：主题句，分论点一，分论点二

第三段：表示关注I really hope that you can take my proposal/suggestions seriously表示感谢thank you very much for your time and consideration.My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.期待回信I look forward to a favorable reply at your eariest convenience.3）落款 yours sincerely

▲必背范文2008

Dear Bob,I am writing to apologize for having forgotton to return” the Beatles”CD when I left Canada.I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully.Had I paid more attention then, I would not made such a stupid mistake.Now something must be done to solve this problem because you cherish this CD enormously.I can either send it to you by express email or compensate you at a reasonable price.If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time I go to Canada.Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earilest convenience.I really hope you can receive my sincere apology.Yours sincerely,LiMing

练习：改写2006年范文。

▲格式Notice

Month day, year

正文，最后要留联系方式

落款

▲ 框架：通知目的（1~2句）------通知细节（5~6句）-------联系方式（1~2句）主体段可应用格式：the details are as follows.Firstly…additonally…ultimately.▲ 2010年范文

Notice

January 9,2010

To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduates’Association is recruiting volunteers for an International confrence on globalization to be held on April 7,2010 in Beijng.To begain with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a stong professional spirit,cheerful personality and be aged under 35.In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak English and Chinese fluently.Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred.Please feel free to contact us at1234567 or email us at.Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined.The postgraduate association ▲ 如何扩充细节

1）万能开头To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities。。。

2）条件与要求：国籍Chinese nationality；友好friendly/proper manners/ cheerful personality;责任感强strong sense of responsibility;年龄be aged under…..;职业精神：a strong

professional spirit;学术表现好 have excellent academic performance;对话题熟悉be familiar with;有相关经验者优先priority and preference will be given to those experienced/students wih…experience are preferred.▲格式：Abstract为题目，主体写成一段

▲步骤：找主旨，各段首句，加上过渡词组合起来

▲常用句型：this article/essay focuse on/centers on the topic of…….It is concluded in this article that………

4、备忘录、报告

▲格式Memo

Date:

To:

From:

Subject:

正文

二、大作文

三段式结构；万能原因：科技，经济的发展；压力过大（对于成功要素的文章）

1)提纲类（参考1992年）

近年来…（现状）…….。尽管。。。但是。。。，更加糟糕的是。。。于是。成为大家关心的问题

1992年范文：for a better understanding between parent and child

In recent years, the problem of lack of communication between parent and child is becoming more serious.Although some children are willing to chat with their patents, the majority are not.To make matters worse, some parents can hardly say a word to their child in a day.Thus, how to creat a better understanding between parent and child is becoming our concern.2)图画类：总述------细节-------文字说明

①两图：总述----第一图-----第二图------可加一句废话--------文字说明

2000年捕鱼2003年温室里的花朵2006年小贝

2000年范文：As is graphically portrayed in the cartoons above, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply decreased.In the first picture,there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing boat in1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing boats.Obviously, we can find that the number of fishes has dropped considerably from 1900 to 1995.We are informed that this is a brief histoty of world commercial fishing.联系：2003,2006仿写

②一图：总述-----挖掘细节------挖掘细节------文字说明

如果细节信息过少或者单词量不够描绘不出来，可以用模糊写法。

2002 an American girl in traditional Chinese costume 2004终点又是新起点

2002范文：what can we see from the photograph indcates that an American girl is wearing a traditonal Chinese costome.From the sweetest smile on her face, we can easily arrive at a conclusion that she takes great interest in Chinese clothes and she is crazy about the mysterious Chinese culture.2004范文：what can we see from the cartoon indicates that a little boy is running on a racetrack of the playground.From the smile on his face,we can come to a conclusion that he will be the first one to reach the finish line.Howeve, the caption(字幕，说明，标题)in the picture reads,”the finishing line is also the starting line”.详细写法2011旅游之余

2011范文：

As is graphically portrayed in the cartoon above, we can see clearly that there are two tourists on a boat in the lake.On the one hand, we know that they enjoy some snacks.On the other hand, they throw the rubbish into the lake casually.Finally, the lake is like a rubbish heap, filled with virous kinds of rubbish such as empty bottles,plastic bags, fish bones and so on.(细节描述！)We are informed that a large amout of garbage is thrown away along the trip。

▲ 注：图中有文字说明的，第一段最后一句一般都是这句话的翻译we are informed that….▲ 第一段词汇积累：

形象的：graphically,vividly,subtly,symbolicall

显示：portray,illustrate,depict,reveal

图片：cartoon,caricture,drawing,photograph(真实照片)

增长：increase,advancement,prosperity,development,growth,rampancy(疯狂增长，贬义)急剧的：sharply,dramically,considerably,significantly,substancially

下降：decrease,decline,drop,shrink-shrank-shrunk,reduce

各种各样：various kinds of, diverse sorts of

明显的：obviously,apparently,evidently,undoubtedly

我们被告知：we are informed that…../the caption in the picture indicates that…

图画目的：the purpose of this picture is to show that…..寓意指代：A is associated with…./B is a symbol of….也可以用一句话模糊概括：the fact that…indicates that…..背景原因：owing to

举例说明：studies show that……

转折反论：if we let this situation go as it is…….(如果是坏的东西，要写反论；如果是好的东西，可写总结，写废话)

总结陈述：generally speaking…

格式：首先，这幅图的目的是----------。事实上，----代表了------，----是-----的缩影，-----很自然的和-----联系在了一起。由于--------，---------。同时，许多试验表明/我们发现--------。如果我们听之任之，以后将--------。到那个时候，-------将会遭到严重破坏。

2000年范文：（目的）The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resourse.(指代)Actually,the fish in the picture is a symbol of resourses, while the fishing boats are natually associated with the world commercial fishing.But more importantly, the reduction of the fishing resourses stands for the destructiong of the ocean resourses.（原因）Owing to over-fishing,the number of fishes has obviously decreased.（举例）Numerouse studied show that many of the spicies have vanished in those years.（反论）If we let this situation go as it is, we won’t know where fish will be in the future.（结论）By that time, our environment will have suffered a great situatio.▲ 第二段的词汇积攒

目的：the purpose of this picture is to show us that…../the real implication(含义，暗示)of the cartoon is to show…../the cartoon conveys the meaning that…..引起注意：due attention must to be paid to…/put/place great emphasis on…./attach importance to….代表：stand for/be naturally associated with/be a symbol of//represent/reflect/mirror/epitomize(成为。。的缩影)

因为：owing to/due to/ on account of/ as a consequence of…

大量的：numerouse/countless/innumberable

因此：therefore/thus/hence/accordingly

坏方面（2000）要解决办法；好方面（2008）要发扬光大；利弊型（2009）要扬长避短 格式：总结according to the discussion above, we may easily come to a conclusion that…..建议：政府for one thing, we need to appeal to the authorities to make laws to…个人for another, we need to cultivate our awareness of people that…

展望未来：only in this way can we finally……also I believe our human beings can….

第三篇：总结写作

总 结

根据中央、省委的统一部署和省高校工委的安排以及我院下发的关于《xx理工大学xx信息学院深入学习实践科学发展观活动工作方案》通知的指示精神，2009年03月至2009年04月期间，在院党委的认真精心组织，各党支部和广大党员的高度重视下，圆满完成了学习实践科学发展观活动第一阶段的各项工作，现总结如下::

一、深入学习实践科学发展观准备工作

在认真学习领会科学发展观精神基础上，围绕提高思想认识、解决突出问题、创新体制机制、促进科学发展的目标要求,03月25日中午十二点半，电子工程分院全体党员在分院会议室参加了深入学习科学发展观活动的动员大会，会议宣布了我分院学习实践科学发展观活动的指导思想、基本目标、重要阶段和具体安排。通过本次动员大会揭开了我院深入学习实践科学发展观活动的序幕。

二、组织学习

学院党支部结合实际，精心组织，周密部署，制定了具体的学习培训计划。采取个人自学、集中培训、专题辅导、集体研讨等形式，组织广大党员干部认真学习。在2009年03月30、31两天召开了分院党员会议，对学院下发的《科学发展观重要论述摘编》、《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论科学发展》两书进行了深入学习，与会人员认真学习并做好笔记，且会后书写个人学习心得，最后统一整理装入档案。同时以课堂、广播、网络、板报等舆论载体，大力宣传科学发展观，让科学发展观进教材、进课堂、进头脑，着力增强学习实践活动的感染力、吸引力，为深入开展学习实践科学发展观活动营造良好的氛围。通过学习，群体党员统一了思想，提高了认识，深刻领会了科学发展观的科学内涵、精神实质和根本要求，增强贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性和坚定性。

三、主题实践调研活动

在2009年04月06日到2009年04月21日期间我院如期开展了以“科学发展，促进和谐，服务社会”为主题的社会实践调研活动。调研题目为“提高出勤率，降低迟到率，构建和谐课堂”。针对我分院得情况，调研活动按计划分四个阶段顺利进行。第一阶段为调查阶段，通过实际考察以及对各班班委会了解了各班学生的上课出勤情况；第二阶段日为研究阶段，通过班会、问卷调查以及对问题严重的学生进行谈话等形式进行了调查研究；第三阶段各学生党员针对自己的调研情况撰写了调研结果并形成书面报告统一上交；第四阶段为后续考察阶段。通过调研针对我分院的情况发现问题、提出可行性方案、解决问题、问题总结。各位党员进一步让认识到了科学发展观的时代和现实意义，为以后的深入学习实践打下了坚实的基础。抓出勤率是一项长远的工作，要靠长时间来养成，这项工作还要一如既往的继续下去。

第四篇：写作总结

二.修辞手法（Finger of speech）1.Simile(明喻)……像……

It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like

E: my love ‘s like a red, red rose 2.Metaphor(暗喻)……是……

It is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.No expressed with the word as or like

E: He is the soul of the team.//Irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture.3.Personification(拟人)It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities.E: Youth is hot and bold , Age is weak and cold, Youth is wild, and Age is time.///// The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuously tossing their boat.4.Metonymy(转喻、借代)与自身相关的东西替代

It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.E: crown can stand for a king.White house for the American government.Bottle for wine or alcohol.Bar for the legal profession.5.synecdoche(提喻)整体与部分，抽象与具体替代。

when a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part.E: hands stands for men/ bread for food or living expenses/// the name of two countries for the two team/// creature for a woman.6.Euphemism(委婉语)It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one.E: to die---to pass away/// old people---senior citizens /// dustman—sanitation worker/// mad---emotionally disturbed 7.irony(反语)It is the use of words which are clearly opposite to what is meant, in order to achieve a special effect.E: raining heavily---what a fine weather /// a barbarous act –civilized 8.overstatement(hyperbole)and understatement（夸大或缩小)E: she is dying to know what job has been assigned her It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.9.transferred epithet(移就)An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something.E: busy day----people is busy in this day /// sleepless nights—people … 10.oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)In oxymoron apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce a special effect

(1).Adj.+n.一个形容词修饰另一个意义相反的或者相对的名词（2）adj.+adj.两个意义相驳的形容词

（3）n.+adj.形容词后置

faith /unfaithful

(4)n.+n.意义相对或者相反的词通过连字符连接构成合成词/love-hate(5)adv.+adj.副词修饰形容词//dully bright(6)v.+adv./// love harmful

E: a living death /// victorious defeat /// cleaver fool // cruel kindness 11.alliteration(头韵)It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words.E: proud as a peacock // blind as a bat 三．段落的展开方式

1.development by time(又称为chronological sequencing).按时间先后展开

2.development by space 按空间先后顺序展开，从大地方到小地方，或者从远到近3.development by process 按过程展开，按照事情发展过程一步一步展开。

4.development by example or generalization 按举例和归纳展开。通过举出一些例子让使文章变得清晰明了。

5.development by comparison and contrast 类比对比法

通过两件事物的对比展开文章描述

包括：block comparison or block contrast(整体对比法)and alternating comparison or alternating contrast(交替类比法)6.development by cause and effect(按原因结果展开法)分析原因和结果的方法展开文章 7.development by classification(按分类法展开)按照事物的特征把事物分类描写

8.development by definition(按定义法展开)定义事物的概念或者特征展开文章的描写 9.development by a combination of methods(按综合法展开)

第五篇：写作总结

开头： To arouse sb’s interest and enrich our school life, we held an English handwriting competition.连接词：

First of all;to begin with;

Besides;what’s more;in addition;

Finally;last but not least;

On one hand,…..;on the other hand,…… The most important is that …..转折连接词： However；To the contrary;By contrast;Therefore;

我的看法： In my opinion;in my view;as far as I am concerned;I think that;I believe that…..常用句型：

We carry out a survey（调查）about the importance of music to human beings.And many people took an active part in it.The reasons are as follows.There is no need to do…… They believe that……;they hold the view/idea/ opinion that….;

Practicing handwriting is so difficult that they cannot make great progress in a short time.Students’ beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to themselves.This suggests that ……

There is no doubt that……

It is harmful to children’s eyesight……

It does harm to …..I am sure that things will become better if these ways are carried out.We at last reached an agreement that I can only watch TV at weekends, and the programs should be limited to news and programs of entertainment, sports and science.Our economic development is important, but we should try our best to avoid（避免）destroying the cultural relics.Taking all factors into consideration, I sincerely hope that I can get help from you and expect the media to do something for this.I think that playing table tennis can build up our bodies, keep us healthy and train our brains.This is what we are worried about.Therefore, more attention should be paid to this aspect in future.常用短语：

take active part in;think highly of;as is know to all;with the development of science and technology（随着科学技术的发展）；with the development of society（随着社会的发展）；communicate with sb;exchange our feelings and thoughts;

书信格式：

Dear Editor:

As a student reader, I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.These books have many advantages.……

I am looking forwards to your reply.Thanks for your attention.Best regards或Yours sincerely,LiHua