新视野1Unit 1教案（五篇范例）

第一篇：新视野1Unit 1教案

Unit 1

Teaching Objectives:  To talk about college education.. Scan the text and understand the structure of the text “Toward a brighter future for all”. Let students practice speaking and listening. Help the students to master the meaning and usage of the language points. Learn about the devices used in developing the passage.Focus：New words;Language points;Listening skills;Speaking practice Difficulties：Pronunciation(stress);Word building;Sentence structure;Writing skills Teaching Method：Discussion;Explanation;Exemplification Teaching Arrangements：8 classes 4 periods

Section A Toward a brighter future for all First period Step 1 Lead-in and preparation for reading Show some pictures and let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1)What is the ideal university like in your eyes? 2)

What are your expectations of your college life? 3)

What advice did your parents give you before you left for college?

Step 2 Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure: The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part I(para1-3)The president congratulates students on their achievement and reminds students of the fact that their current success was due to their own and their parents’ efforts and that their future is built on a solid foundation of the past.Part II(paras 4-7)The president offers students comprehensive advice on how to make the most of their four college years and makes them realize the university’s expectations and their own responsibilities.Part III(para 8)The students are called upon to cherish the opportunity and to bear in mind their responsibilities as citizens of their communities, their country and the world..Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 3 Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.Second period

Step 1 Detailed study of the new words and phrases 1.triumph n.a successful ending of a struggle or contest 胜利，成功，成就

Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player.赢得冠军对这个年轻的网球运动员来说是很大的个人成就。2.pledge vt.make a formal, usu.Public, promise that you will do sth.发誓；作保证

China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。n.a serious promise or agreement, esp.one made publicly or officially 誓言,誓约，保证 All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.所有的候选人都保证如果他们当选，他们不会提高税收。3.rewarding a.worth doing, satisfying Teaching can be a very rewarding career.What job do you think is the most rewarding one? 4.remind sb.of sb/sth.In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起我的英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。be very similar to sb.or sth.else使某人想起人或事 Nacy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah.南希身材高挑，让我想起了我的表妹萨拉。5.pose vi.sit or stand somewhere so that sb.can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you.摆姿势

The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room.领导们进入会议室之前匆匆的摆个姿势拍照。vt.Creat a difficult or dangerous situation 造成，导致

We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment.我们很高兴的得知化工厂的事故没有对环境造成危害。6.routine n.an unvarying or habitual method or procedure.例行公事，常规，惯例 Jack had attended these meetings as a matter of routine for years.数年来，杰克把参加这些会议当成是例行公事。a.occurring at fixed times or predictable intervals.常规的，例行的，惯例的 He continued to mow the lawn and do other routine chores.他继续剪草坪，并做些其他日常杂务。7.reminder n.Something that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的东西。

The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。8.may have done sth.Used for talking about past possibilities.She might have changed her mind and decided not to come.他可能已经改变了主意，决定不来了。9.finished a.1)no longer doing , dealing with, or using sth.结束了的 when you are finished with the book, give it back to me.你看完这本书后就还给我。

2)fully and properly made or completed完成了的

Joanna promised to send me the finished painting as soon as possible.乔安娜向我保证会尽快吧完成的画作寄给我。

3)no longer successful, effective, or able to continue没有希望的；完蛋了的

If Mom finds out that we lied to her, we are finished.如果妈妈发现我们对她撒谎了，我们就完了。10.foundation.n.The most basic part of sth.from which the rest of it develops.基础 The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills.这门课为学生的英语写作能力打下了坚实的基础。11.resource n.1)you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp.in you work or study资源 Museums are important resources for teaching history.博物馆为历史教学提供重要资料来源。

2)things such as coal, trees, and oil that exist in nature and can be used by people.自然资源

Many of these countries are rich in natural resources such as iron and coal.这些国家中有许多国家都拥有丰富的诸如铁和煤炭这样的自然资源。12.faculty n.1)all the teachers in a university , college, or school 全体教员

Both the faculty and students opposed the proposal to turn one of the playgrounds into a parking lot.老师和学生都反对把其中一个运动场改为停车场的建议。

2)a natural physical or mental ability that most people have天赋；能力；本领 She had her mental faculties even in her 90s.她九十岁了，但仍然四维清晰。13.facility n.Rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose设施，设备 The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities.这家宾馆有市内游泳池和其他休闲设施。14.get by Have just enough of sth.such as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do.生活，过得去，勉强应付。

I couldn’t possibly get by on$300 a month with everything so expensive.什么都很贵，一个月300美元我恐怕无法生活。15.fascinating a.Making you very interested or attracted 吸引人的，迷人的，是人神魂颠倒的 He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是个了不起的作家，他写的故事总是引人入胜。16.pursre v.1)try to achieve sth.追求；致力于

He wanted to pursue a bachelor’s degree after working for two years.他想工作两年以后再去读学士学位。

2)chase sb.or sth.in order to catch them 追赶，追逐

The police officer pursued the speeding car and eventually stopped it with the help of anther police car.这名警官追赶一辆超速行驶的车，最终在另一辆警车的协助下，截下了那辆车。17.unique a.1)very special, unusual, or good 特别的，极不寻常的

You will be given a unique opportunity to interview the CEO of the company.你将获得一个难得的机会去采访那家公司的首席执行官.2)not the same as anything or anyone else 不同的独特的

Each person’s fingerprints are unique, so you won’t find two people with the same fingerprints.每个人的指纹都是不一样的，所以你找不到指纹相同的两个人。18.enthusiasm n.The feeling of being very interested in sth.or excited by it 热爱，热情，热心 His enthusiasm for music stayed strong throughout his life.他一生酷爱音乐。19.reap v.Get sth.as a result of sth.you have done 收获；获得

Our firm is likely to reap a big profit this year.今年我们公司很可能获得巨额利润。20.benefit n.An advantage, improvement, or help that you get from sth.好处；益处；裨益 One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning how to cope with the unexpected.去国外旅行的益处之一是能学习如何应对意外之事。21.reap the benefit of get sth.as a reward As long as you get regular exercise, you can reap the benefits of being fit.Don’t let others reap the benefits of your research.22.opportunity n.A chance to do sth.or an occasion when it is easy for you to do sth.机会，时机 take the opportunity to do sth./of doing sth.趁机，借此机会 23.overwhelm：v.cover(sth./ sb.)completely, cause to feel a sudden strong feeling He was overwhelmed with joy at the news that his son won the champion.24.stand a chance of doing sth.Have the possibility of succeeding or achieving sth.有做成某事的希望 Do they stand any chance of winning against France in the soccer game? 他们有希望在这次比赛中战胜法国队吗？

25.over time Gradually 逐渐的，慢慢的

For good or bad, things will change over time.不管是好是坏，事情慢慢都是要变的。26.all at once 1)at the same time同时

She had two projects at hand, three classes to teach, and a baby to take care of all at once.她同时有两个项目要做，三个班级要教，还有一个婴儿要照顾。2)sudeenly and unexpectedly 一下子，突然

All at once there was a loud banging on the door.突然传来重重的敲门声。27.virtual a.1)almost the same as the thing that is mentioned 相同的，实质的

When her husband had a stroke, she was given virtual control of the business.她丈夫中风之后，生意几乎全部交给她掌管。

2)made, done, seen, etc.on the internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world.虚拟的，模拟的

New technology has enabled the development of an online “virtual library” 新技术已使在线虚拟图书馆的发展成为可能。28.inherit v.1)receive a belief, tradition, or way of life from people who lived before you.沿袭，秉承

Many countries have inherited traditions of public service.许多国家沿袭了公共服务的传统。

2)receive property or money from sb.who has died.继承财产 He inherited a fortune from his grandmother, so he bought a huge house.他从祖母那里继承了一大笔遗产，所以他买了一个大房子。29.to take pleasure in doing sth.He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.他总是乐于向周围的人伸出援助之手。30.to stand a chance of

Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather.在这种极端天气下动物很难存活。31.to open the door to sth.These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents.这些实用的建议为你更好地与父母交流敞开方便之门。Step 2 Intensive reading Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and answer some detailed questions on the screen.During the reading, there is an explanation for the following points:

Language Points:

1)As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.*As …, sb.is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth.用于表达“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。

Eg: 作为一名来自灾区的学生代表，我非常感激社会各界对我们的关爱与帮助！

As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!2)In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.*In doing sth, sb.is reminded of sth.用于表达“某事引起的回忆”。

Eg:第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.3)If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!*If sb.could give sb.else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.!用于表达“某人认定的最为重要的建议”。

Eg:如果让我给你一条如何应对大学挑战的建议，那就是：相信自己！If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!

4)A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.* A wonderful example of this is sb.who…/ sth.that… 用于列举“最典型的事例” Eg: 有些人没有大学文凭也获得了成功。一个绝佳的例子就是微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨，他在大三时就从哈佛退学了。

Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas.A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year..Third Period

Language Application

Step 1 Writing devices Parallelism：

By placing two or more ideas of equal value in the same grammatical form enables us to express these ideas clearly and emphatically.Example:

You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school;your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry!

练习：我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家。

我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。Paragraph writing Example:

For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other.(Topic sentence)Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on.(Detail 1: What is available to you on campus)Example:

You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects.You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions.(Detail 2: What you can do)I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.(Concluding sentence)Step 2 Discussion Show a movie clip about the college life and ask the Students the following questions:

Purpose: To present a real situation

To grasp the main idea To consolidate language points To fossilize the way of structured writing Method: Talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, audiolingual method, Audio-visual method and total physical response method.Step 3 Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;

Step 4 Assessment Composition：write a composition of a general statement supported by details and reasons.I want to improve the ability of their writing.At the same time, train the ability of do-it-yourself and looking up the information by themselves.Teacher checks if Students have done the after-text exercises in their spare time and discuss some common errors that crop up.Speech：Suppose, as an freshman, you are expected to give a speech to your teachers and classmate.You can follow the outline given below Part I Opening part of the speech 1.Your gratitude to your teachers and parents;2.Your feelings and impressions about the university;3.Your expectation of the future.Part II Your understanding of the university 1.School motto and your interpretation;2.Campus facility, e.g.the library, and learning atmosphere;3.Courses and other social activities;4.Teachers and classmates.Part III Conclusion 1.Opportunities and challenges;2.Your plans and determination for the future.You may adopt the following expressions.on behalf of sb.to be grateful to do sth.;not to live up to one’s expectations;a time of self enrichment and self-discovery to make sth.as rewarding as possible;to pursue one’s own passions;

to shoulder the responsibilities as Fourth Period section B Help the Ss understand Text B and finish the exercises Reading skill: Previewing Previewing is a useful and important reading strategy.Previewing the text before you read it will help you recognize how information is organized, identify main ideas, and predict what lies ahead in the text.As a result, you will understand the material better.Previewing skills

Read the title and subtitles if there are any.Read the first paragraph.Read the last paragraph.Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph.For example, when you see the title of Text A “Toward a brighter future for all,” you might asked yourself some questions and made some predictions.The questions may be: What is the passage about? Who is the author? Who is the audience? Look at Text B.Read only the title, the first paragraph, the first sentences of paragraphs 2-8, and the last paragraph.Make predictions about the following questions.Questions What may be the topic of the passage? Who wrote the letter and to whom was it written? Why did the author write the letter? What topics may be discussed in more details in the text?

第二篇：前景实用英语1unit1教案

Unit1 College

This is the first unit of Book one.Unit 1 Lead-in and Text A In the lead-in section, you will learn how to use some words and phrases description the university’s Life and will do some practical exercises.(1 period)

1.Study the pictures and give a brief discuss the three questions about lead-in talk on description university’s life words and phrases so as to define them.2.Words and Phrases:

a.Students, classmates, sports friends.b.Classroom, football field, library, listening, playing, looking for.c.Very much so, not at all.d.on the right，on the left.e.Lecture theater...f.jump，head，goal g.freshman，sophomore，junior，senior...3.Have the students listen to dialogue 1(2-3 times)and fill in the blanks with the missing words;4.Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers;Present more words and phrases about description University’s life, make sure students know how to use those added words and phrases, and organize the activity to accomplish dialogue 2.5.After a brief explanation of the dialogue1-2, the teacher gives the students a few minutes to think about the questions in the task3.6.Ask students to answer the questions about the task3.In the text A section(1-2 period)

A.Lets the students answer the text-related questions(in the exercises), helps them identify the main idea of each paragraph.B.Analyzes some language points while discussing the whole text with the students.Language Points imagine v.to form a picture in your mind of what something might be

e.g.She imagined singing her favorite song on a big stage.她想象着自己在一个巨大的舞台上唱自己最喜欢的歌曲。Close your eyes and imagine(that)you are in a forest.闭上眼睛，想象自己在森林里。

blink n.(usually singular)the act of shutting and opening your eyes very quickly

e.g.He finished all his food in the blink of an eye.一眨眼功夫他把食物全吃光了。

She does not comprehend the meaning of my blink.她没有领会我眨眼的意思。

I never imagined going from name games to essays in a blink

I hadn’t thought I would change from playing games to studying hard so fast.orientation n.training or information that you are given before starting a new job, course, etc.e.g.This is orientation week for all the new students.这是让全体新生熟悉情况的迎新周。imaginable

a.used with superlatives, and with “all” and “every”, to emphasize that something is the best, worst, etc.that you can imagine, or includes every possible example

e.g.This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一可想得到的解决办法。

dirt cheap(informal)extremely cheap, as cheap as dirt

e.g.The shop owner let us have the stuff dirt cheap.(used as adverb)店主很便宜地卖给我们这些东西。catch up on to find out about things that have happened

e.g.Let me catch you up on all the gossip.我跟你透露一点最近的闲话。

gossip

n.informal talk or stories about other people’s private lives, that may be unkind or not true

e.g.Don’t believe all the gossip you hear.别对那些道听途说都信以为真。

And then came…

Here the subject and verb are in an inverted order.comfirm

v.to state or show that something is true or correct, especially by providing more evidence

e.g.Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.研究证实这种风险对女性来讲要大一些。…that I will be piled down with reading and papers… that I will be loaded with piles of books and papers...drop by to pay an informal visit to a person or a place

e.g.I’ve got to drop by the bank to get some money.我得顺便到银行去取点钱。

The rest of the language point was written on the paper of textbook.Text A-related Exercises(1 period)

Guides the students through the exercises, focusing on certain items or leaving some exercises as the students homework according to the students different levels of English.Language points and related grammar 一.并列连词not only…but also…用法归纳

not only…but also表示“不仅……而且”“既……又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：Not only men but also women were chosen.不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。

We were not only hungry, but also tired.我们不但饿了，而且也累了。另外，在使用not only…but also…时还应注意以下几点：

1.有时可将but also分开用，即将but视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句子，然后将also用于句中（用谓语动词用在一起）。如：

He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique.他不仅很快，而且技术高超。

2.该结构中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成too, as well（置于句末）。如： He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well].他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。His name is known not only in Japan, but in China.他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。

3.有时因为语境的需要，not only…but also…也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半因为承前省略的原因。如：

He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends.他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。

句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。

4.当not only…but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。如：

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

5.为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。如： Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work.她不仅仅迟到了3次，她还没干一点活。

二．What引导的名词性从句

语法：

一.要掌握好what在句子中的语义。

1.表示―……的人‖，相当于the person that…。如： He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的他了。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这样一个人的？

2.表示―……的地方‖，相当于the place that…。如： This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。

What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。

3.表示―……的数目‖，相当于the amount/number that…。如： Our income is now double what is was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。

The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生多达2万人，是解放前的十倍。

4.what的这种特殊含义可以根据句子的意思在翻译时灵活处理，不可千篇一律。例如： The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.那朵花的颜色与早晨的不同。（what=the color that）二.要掌握好what引导名词性从句的类型。1.宾语从句（用作动词或介词的宾词）。例如：

When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly what he wants.求职面试时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。2.主语从句。例如：

What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话令每个与会者震惊。

3.表语从句。例如：

Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s what it takes to do anything well.坚定不移是一种品质——能使人做好任何事情。Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样（重要）。

4.同位语从句（用在idea, message等名词后）。例如。I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道下一步我们该干什么。

（Tips what引导名词性从句的三大特点：首先what引导名词性从句的时候what在句中不省略。其次，what引导名词性从句的时候具有词汇意义。最后，what引导名词性从句的时候不仅起引导作用，同时还要做句中的某个句法成分。）

Grammar, F & N and Writing Grammar 名词的复数形式

一、概说：

英语中的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式，名词的复数形式可分为规则变化和不规则变化以及一些特殊的形式。下面分别介绍。

二、规则名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：

1．大多数在词尾加―s‖，例如：books, pens, classrooms等等。

2．以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词大多数在词尾加―es‖，例如：classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buzzes（嗡嗡声）等等。但也有例外，如：stomach—stomachs(胃、肚子)等等。

3．以辅音字母加―y‖结尾的词应改―y‖为―i‖，再加―es‖，例如：cities, universities(大学)，factories等等。

4．以元音字母加―y‖结尾的词应直接加―s‖，例如：boys, toys等等。

5．以―f‖和―fe‖结尾的名词应改―f‖和―fe‖为―ves‖，例如：shelf—shelves，knife—knives。但也有例外，如：roof—roofs，cliff—cliffs（悬崖），hoof—hoofs（马蹄），belief—beliefs（信仰），chief—chiefs（首领），proof—proofs(证明)，safe—safes(保险箱)，reef—reefs(礁)等等。此外还有一些该类名词的复数形式有两种变化形式的，如：scarf—scarfs/scarves（头巾）, dwarf—dwarfs/dwarves（矮子）, wharf—wharfs/wharves(码头), handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)等等。

6．以―o‖结尾的名词的复数形式一般在词尾加―es‖，例如：hero—heroes, echo—echoes(回音)，等等。但也有例外，如：zoo—zoos, radio—radios, piano—pianos, photo—photos, memo—memos(备忘录), solo—solos(独唱、独奏), kilo—kilos(公斤)等。

7．有些名词的复数形式有两种，但意思不一样，一种跟原来相同，一种跟原来不同，例如：colour—colours(颜色/旗帜)，arm—arms(手臂/武器)，custom—customs(习惯/海关)

三、不规则变化主要有下面几种：

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice

man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。

c.the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

7)．外来词，例如：crisis--crises(危机), basis--bases(基础)，analysis—analyses(分析)，phenomenon—phenomena(现象)

四、特殊的复数形式

．一些不可数名词，如waters、teas等的复数形式可表种类，译：各种各样的……，例如：I have many teas at home.我家有许多种茶。

2．具体化的名词，如cloth、paper等的复数形式，可用来表示某种特殊用途的东西，例如：

Please pass me a(table)cloth（桌布、台布）so that I can clean the table.I can see many sweet papers（糖果纸）on the ground after the party.3．一些抽象名词，如thanks;wishes;congratulations;regards；greetings和cheers等用在英语句子里面时必须固定地使用复数形式，例如： Best wishes to you!Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.4．一些数字，如1920’s或1920s的，表示20世纪20年代，例如： In the 1920s, he went to a European country.He was born in the 1960’s.5．整十的数字的复数形式，如thirties, eighties可表示―几十岁‖，例如： He joined the Party in his thirties.他三十几岁时入党。

6．英文字母，如b’s、f’s、s’(后面的―s‖可以被省略)，的复数形式，例如： In the word ―differ‖, there are two f’s.We must pay much attention to the s’ at the end of the words.7．有时一些原来不具备复数形式的词，如dos和don’ts等，必要时也可以复数形式，这类词也有人把它看作是被名词化，例如：

In the lab, there are many dos and many don’ts that we must follow.8．人名，如Mary、John等可以表示―几个……的人”，例如：

There are two Johns in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.9．姓氏，如Black, Green等可以表示一家人或者夫妻，例如： After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.五、复合名词的复数形式，一般可以分为以下几种：

1．在词尾加-s或-es，例如：film-goers(常看电影的人)、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（温室、暖房）、go-betweens（中间人）、grown-ups（成年人）2．在主体名词末加-s，例如：lookers-on（旁观者）、passers-by（过路人）、sons-in-law（女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳妇）、gentlemen-at-arms（侍卫官）、ladies-in-waiting（侍女、宫女）

3．两个成分都加-s，例如：men-doctors（男医生）、women workers（女

工人）。

但英、美国家的人不用lady来搭配复数，因为它带有轻视的语气。而含 boy或girl的复合名词中，boy和girl都不用复数，例如：boy-students（男学生）、girl nurses（女护士）、boy friends（男朋友）、girl monitors女班长

不规则单词复数总结

deer---deer sheep---sheep fish---fish Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese foot---feet tooth---teeth goose – geese man---men woman---women policeman-policemen mouse---mice child---children

this---these that---those I---we me---us you---you he/she/it/---they him/her/it---them

Functions and Notions Greeting and Introduction Object: Master the basic language and skills to use greeting and introduction sentence and phrases.A.Give a brief translation on some common expressions for making Greeting and Introduction so as to more understand them;B.Have the students listen to dialogue 1-2(2-3 times)and fill in the blanks with the missing words;C.Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers;D.Now have them look for the attitude words and phrases in the conversation;E.Next, students can role-play the conversation.Exercise: Make a conversation according to the following situation, using expressions for greeting and introduction.On the way to Teaching Building One, your friend and you meet a visiting student from America who is going to study in your class for one term.The teacher tells them how to do these exercises and presents any topic-related expressions on the chalkboard in advance, which can be used when the students make preparation for oral presentation.Writing Writing for General Purposes: General or Specific Word General

英语语言中笼统词有have，take，go，turn，make，think 等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。

eg.The old sofa will have to discard.= The old sofa will have to go.这一句中，如果想不起来discard，就用go代替，即The old sofa will have to go.Go的使用让句子更为生动了，discard意为“扔掉，废弃”，而go的本意是表明人的来去，用到此处the old sofa也有了生命，生动了起来。四六级作文中，在词汇量不足或是单词不会写的时候，适当使用这些词汇，可以让句子表达完整。

Specific Word 在文章的写作中，少运用一些general words,反而多增加specific images.例如: car 就是general words,因为车的种类有很多。而Benz SUV 就是specific images。在考试的时候，多使用specific words可以帮助把物体解释的更清楚。下面，让我们通过几个例子来证明: 例１ General: Tom got into his car and drove off.Specific: Tom leaped into his SUV and roared off.General words 对人物，地点，和事物的介绍都无法给读者准备的信息，所以为了更清楚的说明，把这些名词都应该换成specific words.英语习语(idioms)语言是文化的载体，习语又是语言的精华。英语习语(idioms)，即英语的习惯用语，英语习语就其广义而言，包括成语(set phrases)、格言(sayings)、典故(allusions)、、俗语(proverbs)、俚语(slang)等，一般指那些常用在一起，具有特定形式的词组，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。英语习语形象鲜明，寓意深刻，蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵，具有鲜明的民族特色，是人类智慧的结晶。它是英语中表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，在英语教学中，必须注意英语习语的教学。虽然它一直是英语学习或英语教学的重点和难点，对英语教学有着及其重要的促进作用。1爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many;to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night

第三篇：新视野4册听力教案

Unit 1 BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning “The Temptation of a Respectable Woman”

2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding Short Conversations 2.Understanding Long Conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One Understanding Short Conversation(20’)Step Two Understanding Long Conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding Passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct words or the main ideas of the passage.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio IV.Lecture scripts:(by the teachers)Unit Two Book Ⅳ New Horizon College English Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives: 1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning Charlie Chaplin.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 3.Understanding Passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements: Step One: Understanding short conversation(20’)Step Three: Understanding Passages(70’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching: 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct words or the main ideas of the passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework: The students should keep listening on what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio.Unit Three BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the conversations and passages and can make the correct judgments on what they’ve heard.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about topics in the book and also, assignments given by teacher.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages 4.Speaking Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two

Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 3.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct choice or the main ideas of the passage.4.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio.And the speaking content is assigned for the students to practice after class.IV.Lecture scripts :(by the teachers)Words:

1.preconceive: to form(an opinion, for example)before possessing full or adequate knowledge or experience.2.incorporate: include 3.4.5.6.dignity: the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect eviction: compel deduction: the act of deducting;subtraction frantically: highly excited with strong emotion or frustration Unit four BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning the telecommunications revolution.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two

Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct choice or the main ideas of the passage.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

1.tenant: person who pays rent to a landlord for the use of a room, a building, land ,etc.2.ventilation: system or method by which a room, building, etc.is ventilated.3.evict: to remove(a tenant)from a house or land, esp.with the support of the law 4.alternation: successive change from one thing or state to another and back again

5.not have a leg to stand on: to be in a situation where you cannot prove or legally support what you say 6.Tenabts’ Action Union 7.crown… with…: to complete or conclude sth.in a worthy or perfect way 8.elocution: art or style of speaking clearly and effectively, esp.in public 9.metallic twang: sound of metal 10.Galaxy Four 11.pager: a small machine that one carries in a pocket, that makes short high noises to tell the person who is wearing it that he must telephone someone 12.beep: to make a short high sound 13.disproportion: out of proportion, as in size, shape, or amount 14.foresee: to see in advance;predict Unit Five Book IV New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the listening materials concerning “Choose to be Alone on Purpose”

2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding Passages(50’)

(Note: T&F listening passages, if time is not enough, can be taken as extensive reading and the teacher can play it only once.)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the key words, important phrases or the main ideas of the conversations and passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the words, phrases in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

6.accommodation 7.separatemess 8.antisocial 9.illusion 10.secure 11.tend to 12.seek out 13.in solitude 14.transform from… to…

15.offend 16.be conscious of 17.be wary of 24.boom 18.out of sight 19.lodge in 20.adjust to Conversational Skills: Defining :

1.The definition of 2.It means … 3.I may define 4.is to 5.explain 6.do you mean 7.That is to say

Unit Six Book IV New Horizon College English Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives

3.The students should generally understand the talks concerning “Bribery and Business Ethics” 4.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks 1.Understanding Short Conversations 2.Understanding Long Conversation 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(30’)Step Two

Understanding long conversation(10’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)

Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the key words, important phrases or the main ideas of the conversations and passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the words, phrases in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio Ⅶ.Lecture Scripts

第四篇：教师版感悟高考必修1unit1

（教师版）必修1感悟高考unit

11.（2011上海春季）The results of the study indicated that it was the type of fact ______made the difference.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.as

【解析】A宾语从句为强调句型。“研究结果表明就是这种脂肪产生了影响”

2.(2011陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____benefits our work most.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what

3.(2011湖南)It’s not what we do once in a while _______shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.A.whichB.thatC.howD.when

【解析】C 这两题都是考查强调句型，并且复合了not...but...结构

4.(2011四川)Was it on a lonely island _____he was saved one month after the boat went down?

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

【解析】B 考查强调句型的疑问句形式。

5.(2011江西会昌月考)I am tired ____the partner I have been working with;he is too hard a person ______.A.with;to get along withB.from;to be got alone with

C.of;to get along withD.of;getting along with

【解析】C 考查be tired of 对„厌倦，get along with 与„相处

6.(2011济宁模拟)Kate saw Tom coming but she ____ him.A.noticedB.watchedC.ignoredD.introduced

【解析】C ignore 不理睬，忽视

7.(2010上海春季)It was by making great efforts ______she caugt up with other students.A.howB.whoC.whatD.that

【解析】D

8.(2010辽宁)Alexander tried to get his work _____in the medical circles.A.to recognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized

【解析】Dget sth.done “使某事被做”

9.(2010辽宁)The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country.A.soB.muchC.thatD.it

【解析】D 考查句型“„make it + 形容词+（for sb）+ to do „”it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式。

10.(2010全国I)The workers _____the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.A.carriedB.deliveredC.pressedD.packed

【解析】D 工人们把那些玻璃杯打包，并且在每个盒子上标上“此面向上”的字样。

11.(2010上海)I had great difficulty _____the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A.findB.foundC.to findD.finding

【解析】D 考查句型：have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing 做„„有困难

12.(2010陕西)You look well.the air and the sea foods in Sanya must ____you, I suppose.A.agree withB.agree toC.agree onD.agree about

【解析】Aagree with（对某人的健康或胃口）适合。如：If the type of food does not agree with you ,it makes you feel ill.13.(2010辽宁)The new movie ____to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.declines

【解析】A 这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。Promise to be 有希望成为； agree to do sth 同意做某事；pretend to do sth 假装做某事；decline to do sth 拒绝做某事。

14.(2009江西)It was _____ he came back from Africa that year ____he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;thenB.not;untilC.not until;thatD.only;that

【解析】 C考查not„until的强调句型：It is /was + not until(时间状语)+ that + 其他成分。本句还可表达为：① He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.② Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.15.(2009陕西)This is the first time we ____a film in the cinema together as a family.A.seeB.had seenC.sawD.have seen

【解析】D.考查句型：This / That / It will be / is / was the first / second / last time(that)sb.have / had done sth.某人第几次做某事了

16.(2009湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not ____from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tiredB.tiringC.tiredD.to be tired

【解析】C be tired from “因。。。疲倦”，使用了省略句式，即省去了I am

17.(2009四川)---Have you ___?

---No.I had the wrong number.A.get inB.got awayC.got offD.got through

【解析】 D 短语考查。get in 进入，抵达，收获； get away 走开，逃脱；get off(从。。。)下来，逃脱惩罚；get through 打通电话，完成，通过，讲清楚

18.(2009辽宁)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ____?

A.isn’t heB.hasn’t heC.isn’t itD.hasn’t it

【解析】 C 句型It will be / is / was the first / second time that…, 反义疑问句的构成依据主句的主语和谓语而定。

19.(2008全国Ⅱ)The director had her assistant ____ some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB.picks upC.pick upD.picking up

【解析】C 主任让他的助理顺便买了些热狗来参加会议。have sb do sth 让某人做某事；have sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事；have sth done 使某事被做。

20.(2007辽宁)You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ____home in the snowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.to walkD.walking

【解析】D.have difficulty doing sth 的变体，宾语从句为感叹句型。

21.(2007全国Ⅰ)We all know that,____ , the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully withB.if not carefully dealt with

C.if dealt not carefully withD.not if carefully dealt with

【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词省略句的用法。句子还原为：If it is not carefully dealt with„

22.(2007福建)---You are always full of ___.Can you tell the secret?

---Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy

【解析】D full of energy 精力充沛，充满活力。A 某种能力；B 体力，力气，力量；C权利，武力

23.(2007天津)He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these

【解析】C 他没有说清楚会议将于何时、何地召开。make 后缺形式宾语。

24.(2006重庆)----How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?---Well, I ____somehow.A.get alongB.come onC.watch outD.set off

【解析】A 没有助手你如何完成你的工作？嗯，不管怎样，我都会让工作有所进展的。

25.(2005辽宁)All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____in time for Christmas.A.in order to have receivedB.in order to receive

C.so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving

【解析】C 句子的主语是All these gifts，要用不定式的被动形式。不定式在这里表目的。

26.(2008 湖北)The young man made a ____to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution

【解析】B 这个年轻人向他的父母许下诺言，毕业后他要努力自谋生计。

27.（2011•湖北八校第二次联考）The rising house price and the high income taxation rate have become the biggest ___________ of people in China today.A.concernB.influenceC.involvementD.occupation

【解析】A

第五篇：新视野大学英语1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one‟s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, „out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn‟t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可观的回报。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人们继续努力工作，就有必要奖励他们的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因为通过了考试，父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并没有得到嘉奖

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意义的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|锻炼身体对每个人都会有好处。She finds her career very rewarding.|她觉得自己的工作很有意义。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮丧，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏证据而感到伤脑筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|学习一门新语言的困难使那些想立即使用那种语言的学生沮丧不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫败，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|坏天气使我们打消了外出的念头。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫败了他逃跑的企图。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她从本地一家报社当初级记者干起，通过努力职位不断上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|学生在小学上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小几岁。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一个比自己小7岁的男人结了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等级）较低者；晚辈

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，现在是我的下属。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早该清楚自己下属的所作所为。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|积极的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向玛丽讨教，因为众所周知她总是态度积极, 会使大家感觉良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我们必须采取积极措施改善贫困家庭的处境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |确实的，明确的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|这在我看来是不可能的，但她却非常肯定。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我没有错，这一点我绝对肯定。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |较年长者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在该百货店可得到九折的优惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9岁。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等级）较高者；长辈 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我们中间只有年资较高的人才有决定权。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部长都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，旧时的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英国小偷被处以绞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公园的规模已被缩减到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小变化和大变化两者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果让大家选择是要白T恤还是绿T恤，大多数会选择前者，因为绿色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他坚毅、稳健，跟她认识的其他男人不一样。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的报告与以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐吓，威胁

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他们胁迫他干他们要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|机会，时机

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜爱音乐，但因家里太穷，他没有机会去学。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展现自己才能的机会。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |联线的；联网的；在线的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他选了网上课程以提高英语水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在线调查结果证明是积极的。

ad.|doing sth.online |联线地；联网地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我刚好要上网查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 现今，顾客80%以上的咨询都给予在线答复。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交际；通讯

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手机是重要的通讯工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代沟的产生是由于青老年间缺乏交流。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他们在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他适合穿哪个尺码的衬衣——大号还是中

号？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |调制解调器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他买计算机时忘记拿调制解调器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|连接因特网必须用调制解调器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用权

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|这个学校里的人可以免费使用那间电脑室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|学生可以选择多种课程以满足他们的个人兴趣和职业规划。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|这是通向大楼的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|这条路是进出这个小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |参与，参加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成员拒绝参加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年满8岁或8岁以上的人才可参加拼写比赛。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虚拟的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|该设备有助于提高虚拟现实技术的实用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他们新近的在线研究是以对虚拟教室需求介绍开始的。

2.almost what is stated |实质上的；实际上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事实上已肯定你将是班上最好的学生；你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停车位是不现实的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，献身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我对学习的投入使我成为小镇上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|这虽然不是个全职项目，但却需要投入大量的时间。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承诺，许诺，保证 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是终生的承诺。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州长信誓旦旦地保证要给州里创造更多工作机会。

2.[C] a branch of learning |学科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她没有决定在大学选修哪门学科，但她可能学历史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|传统的学术科目受学生欢迎的程度有所降低，而今工商类的课程更受他们青睐。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|购买香烟最低年龄是18岁。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那个银行开户至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起码要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|这是她开的最低价，她拒绝再降价。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任务；作业

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任务中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老师要求学生每天完成作业。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尴尬，使难堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上台不知道说什么使我感到尴尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我没有让你在朋友面前感到尴尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尴尬的；令人难堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|别问我这种尴尬的问题。The situation is embarrassing.|这种情形令人很尴尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮丧；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|诗歌一定程度上表达了我对世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|数学考试很难，做题时我沮丧得差点掉泪，但还是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |发帖子；张贴

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能帮我们把广告复印一份贴到公告栏里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他们在网上贴出通知，告诫所有用户检查自己的软盘。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不间断的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不断，我很生气。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|尽管疼痛不止，他仍然拒绝使用任何药物。

2.happening again and again |多次重复的；频繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人们不断要求改善工作环境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有关经济状况的频繁新闻报道使很多生产厂家担心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不间断地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物馆不断地扩展——年年都可看到新东西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎样努力不去想以往的失败，这些事老在心头萦绕。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重复地;频频地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在变。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|获得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|现在他们该摘取他们的劳动成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒风险，才有大收获。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收获

The women were all out reaping the fields.|妇女们都出去收割庄稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收获水果和蔬菜的季节。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益处，好处

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些国家为初来者提供许多优惠，如工作培训和语言课程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游业给这个地区带来了丰厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|这个新的教学项目会使许多学生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票还能持续涨高，这样就可从下跌利率中赚上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的见解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|这次讲座使我们对语言处理有了新的认识。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我们对诱发孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交际

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他说话慢慢吞吞，与人交流能力比较差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他们不能书信交流，因为威廉不识字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |传达；传播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我们的老师表达思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她尽力向母亲表明自己的担忧。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜欢的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的诸多颜色中，我最喜欢红色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在运动场上，大多数人都会为自己喜爱的运动员加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特别喜爱的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她写的书我都喜欢，但最喜欢这本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母视其中一个孩子为掌上明珠常会引发家庭冲突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凯的两个小孩年龄相差10岁。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我们决定要孩子以前，年龄差距对我们似乎没什么影响。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有时，偶尔

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶尔会去看看戏。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有时他真想辞职。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|这表的价值超出标价。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花点时间做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不仅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我觉得这场比赛非常枯燥而且没什么意义。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|这故事不仅有趣，而且其英语地道，值得一学。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一点都不

The composition is far from perfect.|这篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了伤害，但他还不是受伤害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |两个；一些，几个

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我还需要几分钟时间完成给老板的报告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇见过他几次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有权享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到总部办公室去，我就能向管理部门提出改善公司状况的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |参加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我们要积极参与英语课的活动。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中时，她参加过好几项运动项目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |赶上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|这小孩为了赶上他哥哥只好跑了起来。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要赶上班上其他人还有困难。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放弃

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老师要我无论如何困难都不要放弃。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再争取让她改变主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要时间好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她还没有想清楚自己在聚会上要说些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然发现 I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我从来没有遇到像她父亲那样的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打扫房间时，我偶然发现了几张我父亲还是婴儿时的老照片，这些照片我过去从未见过。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |获得益处，得到好处

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人从新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年应该享受到更加个性化、实施质量更好的服务。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...换...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把旧车换成了新车。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|为了还债，他只好把钢琴拿去换钱。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|这场讨论使我们对当前经济危机的原因有了真正的认识。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|这件事使我们对他决心获胜、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的认识。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然来了，就留在这里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相处也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他们又是提价，又是减产，却没有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他选择学英语，而没选日语。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接触，联系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|网络学习使我们接触新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同时也察觉到他正在联系我；他在寻求帮助。

学外语

学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。

我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会

用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。

好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。

看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。

直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。

网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。

我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。

学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。Exercises IX.1．我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

2．没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

3．写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4．远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

5．语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

6．远程教学课程在时间安排止给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|团体；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通过四种方式协助向我们学会提供这项重要服务。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生认为，网上交易会很快演变为基于网络的商务社团。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社区居民；社区

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|这桩凶杀案让当地居民很震惊, 他们谁都没想到在这小镇上会发生这样的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他们确立规章制度，以更好地管理社区。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）变大；（使）扩张；（使）膨胀

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|从开始上学起，他就想用新知识充实头脑。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可乐雄心勃勃，计划拓展海外市场。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意识到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生儿有时意识不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我们走出门才意识到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |极不寻常的，极好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我们发明了一种加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|这次展览是一次欣赏该艺术家作品的好机会。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，独特的，独一无二的 The music is unique to that country.|这是那个国家特有的音乐。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居应靠近公园。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕这里的工作条件不够理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脱离实际的设计永远不会付诸实施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉图梦想有一个理想社会。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|论坛；讨论会

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那个协会开始时是个论坛，交流关于管理方面的问题。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它还为最新研究成果提供了一个论坛。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污渍。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除贫困农民的缴税负担，而不是减轻负担。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移开，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|汤姆略作停顿，取下了太阳镜。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子从火上拿开，使其冷却。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |视觉的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|儿童是通过理解视觉符号来学会阅读的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不买东西，逛逛商场也大饱眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障碍 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一种没有语言障碍的娱乐形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不够是找好工作的一大障碍。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻碍，妨碍，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗价格昂贵严重影响了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|项目在一定程度上受到资金限制，许多事仍然没做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在饮食中添加肉食使我体重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一个楼层。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|这顿饭要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就锦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名单在不断进行补充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考虑，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，战前的局势真是大不一样。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考虑了一阵子，最后决定改变主意, 不那么年轻就结婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 体现 After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|听了朋友的话后，她相信他们生气并不说明他们的真正态度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影响。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |环境；周边状况；自然环境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在纯女性的环境下学习状况是否会更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|儿童处在那样的环境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |极为重要的，关键性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的帮助对我们的成功非常关键。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|练习是学习一门语言的关键因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|评论的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作业是写一篇20页的文章评论简·奥斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他对这一事件作了评论性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|视角；观点

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律师与经济学家看待问题的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要积极地改变我们做事的办法, 必须以正确的眼光看待这个问题。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同龄人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那个男孩很受同龄人的欢迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美国儿童在数学方面的表现不如中国儿童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指导

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|没有人教，我自己就学会了判断价值的正误。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人们操作新机器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知楼内禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|经理要秘书取消他所有的预约。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教师；指导者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在伦敦担任舞蹈教师。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教师而异。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出现；发生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出现法律问题，老师们能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全体员工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）产生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差错与过失往往来自于判断失误。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|内战的爆发是因为该国存在社会不公现象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口气绝对的肯定，下一步怎么办是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他对即将发生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相关人员必须对该声明做到心中完全有数，在任何情况下都不允许曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|销售组的工作对完成公司的任务至关重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了当的

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他对他的计划有意含糊其辞，是吗？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明确指示不允许任何人打扰他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意见；评论

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者对于许多议题都给予了有用的意见。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新来的，不知道是否应该对他们的指示发表意见。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|评论

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|负责那些公司事务的官员拒绝对此事发表评论。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我无权对此事发表评论。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |强化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭价值观往往强化传统信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墙开始倒塌，显然要用新材料来加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的东西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道专心致志是学习的首要条件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意对要求进行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所谈的风险的实质。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利润极有可能要增加2,500万美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投资者有可能受到损失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不适极有可能是因为床铺选用不当。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他们呼吁西方国家向贫穷国家投入更多资金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量资金和时间都已投入到该项目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（错误、罪行等）；干（蠢事、坏事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|这宗犯罪真是残酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他说这是他犯的最大的错误。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收这些新想法需要时间。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我们在物色的人必须能随机应变，有创造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新视野大学英语教材为英语学习提供了新模式，其网站无疑值得访问。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|这笔资金将用于为学校添置新的计算机设备。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |输入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|输进计算机的任何信息均被视为输入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|几乎所有人都参与了，所以都要对出现的错误承担一定责任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|记住每个细节非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要点总结在一张纸上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要点 the essentials of English grammar |英语语法要点

Details may hide the essentials.|细节会使要点难以辨认。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|质疑，对...表示怀疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他们对其发言的权威性提出了质疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六个州已就该法律向联邦法院提出质疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑战

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|为了证明他比他的朋友跑得快，约翰提出与他赛跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反对派力量不断增长，对这届政府正形成威胁。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑战，考验

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜欢了解新事物要面临的挑战。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的头几个月，你会感到巨大的挑战。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物馆通常不像这样拥挤。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|尽管他们一般一周工作40小时，还是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |连续；一连串

a sequence of good news |一连串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |导致战争的一连串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，顺序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按顺序编号。The numbers are out of sequence.|这些号码顺序乱了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |连续的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|这些号码是按顺序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|这不是连续的，而更像一个网络。

<36>vital a.1.very important |极其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的证词对辩护案件极其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在这个工作岗位上，保持镇静的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充满生机的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一个身体强壮、充满活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|这种音乐听起来清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |亲自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|总统亲自写信给我们，感谢我们所付出的艰辛劳动。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老师想亲自和你谈谈。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效沟通对解决问题十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|广告虽然简单，但效果却非常显著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|这个协议的生效日期推迟到了明年的1月1号。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|这部新法律要从4月16号起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了现代化设备，交流的过程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用当地的运输系统促进文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促进者，推动者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促进学习，学习者自身才起主动作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想继续聘用上学期的学习辅导员；她有很大帮助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|网络学习在教育中起着重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|显然，在决策的过程中，有许多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一个角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演员梦想着能够扮演哈姆雷特这一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |认识到，知道，觉察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要来吗？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你们已经听说了这个消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我们通常会在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名学生外，该校还有300多名远程学习的学生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考虑

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想着自从自己买下农场后所发生的变化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有时间对自己的成功和失败进行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |说出意见或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暂的沉默；接着他发了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法说出来，大家不会知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大声说

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻烦您声音大点好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|说大声点, 祖母才会听得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你还没把餐具洗完吗？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|书看完后就还给我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |为...留出余地；考虑到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考虑到她的房子不好找，我们得早点出发。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽搁的时间算进去，你要用一个小时才能到车站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|这是我的错。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|这些学生仍然心存疑虑。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |赶上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力学习以赶上其他同学。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快点！他们快追上咱们了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|这张相片总让我想起大学里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她从不忘记提醒丈夫他曾许下的诺言。

网络学习的成功秘诀

虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方

式。然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的一些理想素质。

1.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验，这些是网上学习的一部分。许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。此外，学生在答题之前有时间进行思考，这就使得网上环境开放而友好。

2.能通过书写进行交流。虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。这常常需要他们加倍努力。不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。这样，学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。

3.说出你的困难。记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。如果有哪个学生能解决，他(她)也许就会帮助你。学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。

4.认真对待课程。网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。

5.把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。

6.三思而后答。在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分。要花时间斟酌并仔细作答，提倡对不同观点进行验证和质疑。网络学生往往并不总是对的；他们应做好准备，迎接挑战。

7.跟上课程进度。网上学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心投入。与网络课程保持同步，并按时完成所有功课至关重要。一旦落后就很难赶上。学生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望这种经历。老师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供帮助并提醒他们跟上进度的必要性。

正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学一样，并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。具备上述素质的人通常能够成为优秀的网络学生。一旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You‟re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other„s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents‟ deep concern for their daughter, who doesn‟t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other‟s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(强调)and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的确有个弟弟在英国。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的确去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |担心；忧虑

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母对他们的女儿表现出极大的担心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近来犯罪的增多是公众非常担忧的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |关心的事；担心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要关心的是为家里赚钱。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活与我无关。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使担心；使忧虑

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|这不是你的问题，你用不着担心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我担心的是虽然工资增加了，生产却没有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，与...有关系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|这篇文章讲的是代沟问题。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|这项研究涉及夫妻对婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |发出咔嗒声 The key clicked in the lock.|钥匙在琐里咔嗒响了一声。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走动时，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作响。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒声

The door opened with a click.|门咔嗒一声开了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我听到咔嗒一声电话就挂了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |发出响亮的声音（尤指音乐）Music blasted from the radio.|收音机里猛地响起了音乐。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帐篷外，机关枪突然嘟嘟嘟地响起来。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他们不得不沿着山坡炸出一条路来。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一枪打偏了，在墙上炸出了一个洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸彻底摧毁了这栋建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸伤了数百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出来；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太阳从云后出来。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子还在燃烧，冒出浓浓的黑烟。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |冲，闯

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校长正要离开时，几个学生闯进了他的办公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也没说，冲出了房间。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真难吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|这一周天气真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐惧的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|听到世界上有这么多人挨饿，没东西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |东西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那绿色的是什么东西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我们如何将这些东西全部搬进车里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕头里塞满了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|这几间房子都塞满了古董和无价之宝。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |节奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特别喜欢那曲调，但喜欢它的节奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|为了跳好舞，你需要感受音乐的节奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，夺得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海伦抢去了弟弟手上的玩具汽车。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警报响起时，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，彻底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|医生为病人做了全面检查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察彻底搜查了那所房子，发现孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；彻底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我们假期玩得非常开心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以减少生病的危险。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妆品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我见到她时她还没有缷去戏妆。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妆后，就准备和你去饭馆。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一块烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我们干杯祝老师身体健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提议为新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|让我们为两国的友谊干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|让我们为爱德华出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厌恶的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很难闻。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到处堆着垃圾，真叫人恶心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打扰；使烦恼

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打电话就来，实在讨厌。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必须加班加点地干这么多小时，却没有额外的工钱，实在让人烦恼。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼线笔

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法国眼线笔世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了浓浓的黑色眼线。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她说她讨厌看见他手臂上的刺纹。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一条蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文着“我爱你”的字样。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|这男人的左臂刺了一条蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一颗子弹穿了她的肺后，罗斯做了紧急手术。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；窜

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一声爆响，把那些马吓跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我说话，她转身就窜出了前门。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不适的；心烦的；苦恼的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打电话告诉老师你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丢了钱包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心烦；使苦恼；使不适

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他儿子失踪的消息使他心烦意乱。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最让我不安的是她撒了谎。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|紧张（感）；心窝揪紧 a knot of fear |一阵恐惧

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一阵紧张。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（绳索、布条等打成的）结

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|请在绳子的一端打个结。Can you help me undo the knot? |帮我打开这个结好吗？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他们知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我帮不上忙，心里很难受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲调；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我记不起那首歌的调子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我听过这个曲子，但记不起歌词了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成调的；不悦耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一个年轻人从身边走过，哼着不成调的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不动听。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |讨厌的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投诉说这则广告是对女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房间里有难闻的气味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌词 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜欢这首歌的歌词。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他创作了一些好音乐，但他写的歌词不怎么样。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜欢；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|这音乐太老，不能再吸引年轻人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到国外工作对我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|恳请；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公众提供有关被害者的情况。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人来和他们谈谈。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |摆脱...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|给他点钱，你就可以摆脱他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把药吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使摆脱，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必须抛掉这些陈旧的观念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科学最终会让我们根除这种疾病吗？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她两耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|这家小店提供身体按摩和穿耳孔服务。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；负面的；消极的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我觉得我的工作很没劲，事实上我正考虑找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有这些对我的工作都产生了负面影响。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |这个词的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他没有解释，只是给了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影响；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有钱有名气，但这不会影响我们的决定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母们担心西方电影和电视节目会影响孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影响

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必须自己决定，别受他人的影响。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 电视广告对人们购物的影响到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|对不起，我不能容忍那些连试一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|这种医学研究需要极大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母应当是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我随时可以去找他帮忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |锚

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我们起锚继续航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我们在离岸几码远的地方抛锚。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本体

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|为了躲避警方，他不得不隐瞒身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申请从事教书工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工厂倒闭，她和其他几百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母亲和婴儿都被从火中救了出来。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |关闭

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|离开时请将所有的灯关掉，我们浪费不起电。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水关掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔裤和衬衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闯入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她冲入经理办公室，要求当面跟他说话。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴听到这消息非常激动，冲进房间去告诉他。

2.start suddenly |突然开始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起来。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她径直走进卫生间

哭了起来。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反复

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地读这个单词，直到你读对了为止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他们反复问同一个问题。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我来不及伸手掏枪。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比尔听到外面的声响，便伸手去拿手电筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调大，开大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖气开大了点，因为屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看这声音是否开得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调小，开小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了这种音乐，于是把音量关小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把电视的声音开小点吗？我正想静心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作过，也在意大利工作过。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|选花既要闻其香，又要观其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打开开关 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，请给我开开灯。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打开电脑，查看电子邮件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一样，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常进行，好像什么也没发生过。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一样，他们将孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平静地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能让我静一静吗？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，好好想一想这个问题。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒来 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八点钟了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的时候我会叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生气

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那难听的音乐使她父亲很生气。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生气。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |摆脱；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|为了治好感冒，我已经试了各种药物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|这是一种除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丢弃；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我们要搬家，不得不扔掉很多旧家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我们应该鼓励各国政府销毁所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |紧张，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他说他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次见他的父母时感到紧张。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |无论如何；不管怎样

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|费用也许比我们当初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白为什么你不同意，无论如何我要试一试。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商议；讨论

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你对这次变换职业担心的话，为什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她办公室把事情谈清楚。

深深的忧虑

收音机“咔嗒”一声，摇滚乐就大声地响开了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。她看了一下钟，早上6点一刻。她躺在床上，听着她喜欢的电台广播，嘴里哼着歌词。

“桑迪，” 她父亲喊道，“桑迪，把音乐关了！”史蒂夫·芬奇冲进她的卧室。“你为什么一定要听这么糟糕的音乐？还听了一遍又一遍。虽然有节奏，可恐怕不是真正的音乐。”

“我喜欢这种音乐，爸爸。这是我最喜欢的。您听一下吧，您肯定会喜欢的。” 桑迪伸手把音乐开得更响。

“别，别开那么响，我受不了。把收音机音量调低点，这样我和你妈妈就听不到了。我敢肯定，那音乐既伤你的耳朵，又伤你的大脑。”

桑迪走进浴室，打开淋浴喷头。然后她抓起香皂，浑身上下洗个遍，连头发也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳头发，穿上一件旧的绿色圆领衫和一条牛仔裤。接着她化好妆，走进了厨房。和往常一样，她不知道早餐该吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗涤槽旁吃烤面包。就在此时，她妈妈简走进了厨房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃饭？站着吃饭对身体不好。” “我知道，妈妈，可我没时间坐着吃。” “昨天做作业了吧，宝贝？” “做了。”

“刷过牙了？”

“妈妈，我还没吃完饭呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件旧圆领衫呢？难看死了。” “妈妈，请别这样。” “别怎么样？” “别这样烦我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼线来了？”

“我是描了，妈妈。我都描了几个月了。难道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你还小，不能化这么浓的妆。”

“妈妈，我都15岁了，到了可以化妆的年龄了。给您说实话吧，学校的女孩子都化妆有些还文身，有的还戴耳环、鼻环、舌环呢。妈妈，我现在没时间给您说，我快迟到了，得走了。再见。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下妈妈的脸颊，拿起书冲出了屋子。

桑迪离家上学后，简·芬奇平静地坐下来喝咖啡。没过一会儿，她丈夫走了进来。

“史蒂夫，喝点咖啡吧？”简问道。

“不，谢谢，亲爱的。我胃不舒服，心乱如麻。可能是因为那讨厌的音乐每天早上把我吵醒。我想我还不至于老得落伍吧，可没完没了地听那毫无韵律、令人讨厌的歌曲实在让我生气。”

“你知道，亲爱的，不同年龄的人喜欢不同的音乐，” 简劝说道。“还记得我们听过的一些音乐吗？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你说得有道理。也许吃点早饭能让我感觉好一点。” “你注意到了吗，今天早晨我们15岁的女儿都化了什么样的妆？我真不敢相信自己以前没有注意到。我想我们应该感到幸运，因为我们女儿的最大问题还只是化妆。我看到其他年轻人在镇上游手好闲，还文身，浑身穿了许多洞。”

“令我担心的是，”史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在变，我很担心她。化妆品，糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样？

我们得和她谈谈。新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年，可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。”

“哦，我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。但不管怎么说，你还是说得对，我们需要和桑

迪谈谈，” 简说道。

去上班的路上，简·芬奇一面开着车，一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么，得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流，这令她很高兴。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边，做她的保护人，同时又给她寻找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。

2．因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

3．父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。

4．当父母与子女间有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。

5．青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；观念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”这种观念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本节介绍了许多社会学家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；连贯性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏稳定性，有时做得很好，有时则错误百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的稳定依赖于几种因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我发出了20封询问信，但还没有收到回复。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反应是离开房间把门砰地关上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反应，回应 She opened the door in response to the knock.|听到敲门后她便开了门。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|这篇报道引起了读者的强烈反应。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反驳，驳斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒谎，但我没有证据反驳他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|倾向于，趋于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|随着年龄增长，人们对睡眠的需求往往在减少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|这里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顾

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫长期卧病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|发生火灾时，简在外面护理花园。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评价；评估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|该学校仅开办了六个月，现在很难估计其成绩。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很难评估不同治疗方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评估；评价 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我们需要对这个新的系统做适当评估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他们取了一些样品进行评估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指导，引导

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他们给开始自己创业的人提供切实可行的指导。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老师可以指导你如何选择职业和写就业申请。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |职业；一生的事业

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|总的说来，我对自己事业中的转机很满意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趋势；倾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近来的一种趋势是雇用年轻的员工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多学生不用脑思考，他们只会跟随最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，应用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技术被应用到几乎每个工业领域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|这些思想在实践中往往难以应用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申请

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她说她会向系里申请要部电脑。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到这份工作之前，你申请了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |单个的；个别的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部门决定总的教育方针，但确切的细节留待各个学校自己处理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己独特的方式组织自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |个人；个体

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社会的需求比个人的权利更重要吗？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|这药的效果因人而异。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十几岁的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|许多十多岁的孩子学习时依然依赖父母给予帮助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，这些少年就跑开了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；适应；和睦相处

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|该杂志讨论的科学话题一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|劳利感到很难与孩子沟通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...联系起来

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白这两个观点之间有什么联系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|这篇报告认为心脏病与精神压力过大有关。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|给（书、剧本等）题名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你读过《罪与罚》这部小说吗？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走进森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有权做；给予...的资格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司职员有权享用这些设施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成为会员可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|态度；心态 She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作态度很积极。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官员的态度是，这问题不是他们的责任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，给我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |传染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的传染性很强。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多数眼睛感染是会传染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司对未来五年充满信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我对自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成绩也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信赖

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我们完全相信你有能力做这项工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消费者对我们产品的信赖。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通过了考试，这帮助她获得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干这项工作是个新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |听起来；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|这个建议听起来很好，而且我很想看如何实施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我觉得他好像需要职业帮助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |审问，盘问

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他说警察审问时他有权保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通过审问恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察获得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她决定婚后不从夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了这些标准；其他城市建立了自己的标准。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收养，领养

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那对夫妇领养了一个男婴。She was adopted when she was four.|他四岁时被人领养了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她问这个问题是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|这条新闻引起了当地人的极大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|观点，意见 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她没有做错。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑会阻止人们犯罪这一观点。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |视力；视线

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那辆车拐过街角就从我们的视线中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗兰克当着所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反对 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反对使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|当地居民反对在附近修建机场。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反对；对（权威等的）蔑视

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人们反抗的结果是，他们的工作条件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母关心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭杂务；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|购物、家务等日常杂务占去了她很多时间。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也应该承担部分家务活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |冲突；争论

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他们所做的事与我们的需要有冲突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我与我的一个重要经理发生了冲突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |冲突；抵触

His statement and yours conflict.|他的话和你的话相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想赚大钱，这往往与顾客的利益冲突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|这一事故损坏了核能工业的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|对于这些报道的可靠性，有人提出了质疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毁坏，毁掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|战争毁掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|长期罢工会毁掉这家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬纸盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圆珠笔，在盒子上戳了个洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承认 He admitted his guilt.|他承认有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；认可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|这一新理论正被专家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|无论发生什么，他都能冷静接受，这使我们很吃惊。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也许比让别人接受你更难。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受对多数青少年来说很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；宽容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我们应该包容不同意见的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺点是我不能容忍任何错误。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事样样追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是肤浅之美。真正的美来自内心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承认社会制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|这一考试的设计有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她听到身后有脚步声向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子时，我注意到楼上有盏灯亮着。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |处理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |着手处理这个难题的最好办法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或许可以用另一种方式来处理这个问题。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途径

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎样对待十多岁的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|处理这个问题，公司需要一种不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天来临，动物开始储藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他们走近时，小男孩跑开了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |伤感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的话很伤感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|别对你的朋友说这样伤感情的话。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |争论，争吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父亲为了音乐问题而争吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告诉警察，在丈夫离开前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|论据；论点

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果买辆小的车，他们就可以省点钱。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |电视里的暴力使人们行为充满暴力，你同意这种观点吗？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；诙谐

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|处境虽然尴尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|尽力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（发生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他们很有可能在选举中获胜。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天气好转的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒来；唤醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒来时，发现已是上午10点。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲门声音很大，把我们吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽视，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花园已很久没有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人员被指控失职。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽职守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于几年无人维护，这条路的路况很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |结果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而迟到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周发生了可怕的地震，结果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，转而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成员将情况告诉了他的朋友，这个朋友转而将消息告诉了记者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；轮流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士们依次发言，听众对每个人报以欢呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我们轮流开车，以便大家都能休息一会。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|这项调查旨在了解人们对新政策的态度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|这个项目帮助人们了解更多的就业机会。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得进步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途径是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快发现很难在电影业发展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依赖；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他经常依靠父亲给他提供意见。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他们正指望新经理能使公司赢利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感觉好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他们觉得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了两天，但觉得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常为琐事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他尽力像我们一样装修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |听起来；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|当医生似乎是个好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|马耳他似乎是个度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|让我生气的是他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|发展核科学应该是为了造福人类而不是伤害人类。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|观点，意见

He always put his point of view with courage.|他总是大胆地说出自己的观点。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|从经济角度看，新的发展大大有利于这个城镇。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |与...对照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|这本书讲的商业实务而不是理论。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|学生们展开讨论，而不是单纯地听老师讲。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差异，一些中国笑话很难被外国人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我们必须让人知道这个简单的事实：毒品是很危险的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|担心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

担心婴儿的健康，就立刻带他去看医生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很担心儿子在学校的成绩。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打电话报平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打电话报平安，告诉我们他的情况。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一个星期至少打一次电话给妈妈报平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登记入住；办登机手续

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我们已在当地一家旅馆办理了入住手续。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飞前两小时办理登机手续。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把书放回到书架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷静

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又迟到了，他的老师很生气。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不该生气，做出那样的行为。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意识到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我们必须使人们认识到保护环境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|这个节目让我们认识到污染的危害。

有代沟吗？

“代沟”这一术语出现于20世纪60年代。代沟的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观点，父母转而失去影响力。虽然这个术语还是常常被使用，有人却开始问这个问题：“今天的社会还有代沟吗？”

有一项研究比较了四代人：18-30岁的人，31-48岁的人，49-62岁的人，63岁和63岁以上的人，问了几个问题以了解人们对一些问题的基本信仰和价值观，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人给出的答案非常接近。

许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这一观念的存在。这些研究显示，较之父母对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评价，年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解，与此同时，在生活中更重要的方面，如职业生涯、终身目标等，他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。

当然，总趋势是不能时时用于个例的。觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的“代沟”，需要弥合它，这是自然的。然而，问题也许不在于见解和价值观的不同，而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方式。下面的建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章，也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。

尊重他人。尊重与信任是能感染人的。年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待自己。反过来，当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中学习时，他们会因此而获得自信和自尊。

多听少说。询问听起来可能像审问，不要这样。应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。问些这样的问题：“怎么会这样？你现在怎么看？当时吃惊吗？现在打算怎么做？你有什么计划？这事你是不是需要帮助？”如果你的目的只是听，在孩子说话时，你就需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答。这样你会听得更好，而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多。

先问孩子是否想听，然后才说你的观点。只有当孩子说“是”时才继续说下去，而且要简洁。不要说教，不要期待孩子同意你的观点。说话时，如果你的态度是“我是这样理解的”，而不是“这样看问题才对”，孩子就可能更愿意听，而不会有逆反心理。

用“我们”而不用“你”。“离开家之前我们要做家务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢？” 不论你用什么方式，只要能将“这是我们共同的事”这一信息传达给孩子，就有助于弥合本可能由冲突带来的鸿沟。

保持冷静。交谈时生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信度。不要说“你毁了你的一生！”而要说“我担心如果......会怎么样。在这种情况下，你想你可能怎么办？”

不要使用双重标准。青少年非常警惕双重标准。别指望他们遵守你自己都不遵守的规则。无论是打电话报平安，还是叫他们收拾东西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我说的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不会改善关系的。

承认自己的错误，说说你从他们身上学到了什么。表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人），也往往能让他们更容易接近你，向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战。当你认为自己做错了事或说错了话，比如发了脾气或争论时说了令人伤心的话，就道歉。

有欣赏之心。青少年常有幽默感，充满活力，看什么事都觉得可能，这些能使父母意识到自己身上已被忘记或忽略的好的方面。当十多岁的孩子体验到被人爱时，他们通常表现得更可爱。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people‟s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others‟ reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她虽然穷，至少她是诚实的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一顿美餐，虽然贵了点。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是饿着肚子上床睡觉的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
这些西红柿应该青的时候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，这些孩子通常很快就睡着了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
环境一旦遭到破坏，需要许多年才能恢复（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我从来没撒过谎，现在我也不打算开始破这个例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我从未去过巴黎，我妻子也没去过。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩乐意接受，点头表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出决定，要求投票表决。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那个人很紧张，拆开了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黄昏时，他们来到一个山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我发现她说什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他们醒来时，发现被水包围了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我费了好大劲才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易劝说他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海滩上晒太阳，过得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉语).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父亲是去年过世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墙上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大门边倚着拐杖的老人是约翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |倾斜，倾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽车开出时，别把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|请向前靠一会儿。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平静，镇静

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她发脾气后不久就恢复了平静。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困难时候帮助他保持沉着心态。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|骑马的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|骑自行车必须学会保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿稳手中的咖啡杯，设法打开了门。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |权衡，比较

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必须权衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他们比较盈亏情况，看看赚了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |恶劣的，严重的；剧烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她头疼得厉害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱灾日益严重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|严格的，严肃的，严厉的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|贩毒者会受到严厉的惩罚。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的税收政策使总统受到严厉抨击。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |严重地；严格地，严厉地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在飓风中遭受严重损坏。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母亲正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使残废 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中变成了残废。He has been crippled with pain.|他感觉很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|虽然腿脚不便, 他还是努力干活养家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她从一个健康的年轻女子变成了残疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在内的，内部的（尤指头脑中、精神上）

inward doubts |内心的怀疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他帮助别人以获得自己内心的平静。

2.going toward the inside |向内的

an inward curve |向内的弧线 an inward movement |向内移动

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |内心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她内心痛苦，却不会在言辞中表现出来。

She hates him inwardly.|她从心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦恼

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我烦心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我讨厌他的粗鲁。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|尽力，费心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人费心和他讲话。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我从不愿意花精力去熨衬衣，所以它们常常有点皱。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使协调 The plan was not very well coordinated.|那项计划协调得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我们必须齐心协力去帮助遭受水灾的灾民。

<10>halt v.stop |暂停，中断，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那个项目因缺乏资金而停了下来。No one can halt the advance of history.|谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暂停，中断，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽车及时刹住，避免了一场事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罢工，生产停顿了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐烦的，没有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|别这样不耐烦！公共汽车很快就来。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你对她太没耐心了，她还只是个孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他们已经迫不及待，跃跃欲试了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|许多商科学生急切地想成为经理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他们接近汽车时加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；节奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|计算机工业发展变化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜欢这个城市的生活节奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱来踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿着走廊走来走去，等医生回来。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）适应

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役军人难以适应普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人体能很快自行调节以适应气温变化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地铁 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地铁上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜间太晚时我不乘地铁。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|过街地下通道正在维修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人们过马路时应走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |尽管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|尽管天气不好, 他们的假日仍然过得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|尽管想看到他，她还是拒绝了他的邀请。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厌恶的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永远也忘不了那令人作呕的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你没染上那讨厌的感冒，我很高兴。

2.unkind|不友善的，恶意的

新视野1Unit 1教案（五篇范例）

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第三篇：新视野4册听力教案

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第五篇：新视野大学英语1教案

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