第一篇:【人教版】高中化学选修一教案全套
从实验学化学
第一节化学实验基本方法
引言
实验复习首先是要对教材中的每个基本实验,理解原理,掌握方法及注意等项。对实验中经常碰到的常用装置或操作进行归纳和适当延伸。如探究怎样使验证实验更加操作简单,时间短、污染少;在规范的基础上灵活应用。第二是要注重教材实验的开发与整合,以提高创新实验的设计能力和评价能力。如失败原因探讨与诊断,引导观察分析“异常”,或结合信息材料,概括实验目的归纳实验结论。总之要学会分析,注重表达。专题一 常见仪器的使用及实验安全 知识点
《高考考试大纲》
对应教科书内容 常用仪器的用途和使用方法 了解化学实验常见仪器的主要用途和使用方法
化学1 第一章 第一节 安全标识、安全措施意外事故的紧急处理方法 能识别化学品安全使用标识,了解实验室
一般事故的预防和处理方法 化学1 第一章 第一节
一、重点知识解析
1.常用仪器的用途和使用方法
【用于加热的仪器】
(1)可直接加热的仪器:试管、蒸发皿、坩埚、燃烧匙,硬质玻璃管。特点:受热面积小、材质易均匀分散热量。
(2)垫石棉网加热的仪器:烧杯、烧瓶(圆底平底及蒸馏烧瓶)、锥形瓶等。特点:受热面积大,不均匀分散热量。【计量仪器】
(1)托盘天平:用于称量物质的质量。精度0.1 g。称量前调“0”点,称量时左物右码,砝码用镊子夹取,称量干燥的固体应放在两盘等质量的纸上,易潮解或具有腐蚀性的药品应放在玻璃器皿中称量。
(2)量筒:用于粗略量取一定体积的液体。精度0.1 mL。无“0”刻度。不能在量筒内配制或进行化学反应,量液体时量筒必须平放,观察刻度时眼睛平视。
(3)容量瓶:用于配制一定体积,一定物质的量浓度的溶液。用前首先检查瓶塞是否漏液,往容量瓶转移液体应用玻璃棒引流,液体应冷却到20℃,不能在容量瓶中溶解溶质。(4)滴定管:用于做酸、碱中和滴定。精度为0.1 mL。刻度由上向下一般为0~25 mL,但容积大于25 mL。酸式、碱式滴定管不能混用,碱式滴定管不能装氧化性试剂,用前应先检查活塞处是否漏液。
(5)温度计:用于测量温度。水银球不能触及反应器壁,不能当搅拌器使用,注意温度计的量程。
【分离仪器】
(1)普通漏斗:用于转移液体或分离固体液体混合物,也常用于防倒吸装置。
(2)长颈漏斗:主要用于装配制气反应发生器。使用时,长管末端插入反应液面以下。(3)分液漏斗:用于分离密度不同且互不相溶的液体。也常用作反应器的随时加液装置。使用前应检验是否漏液,分液时下层液体由下口放出,上层液体由上口倒出。(4)干燥管:用于干燥或吸收某些气体,气流由大口进小口出。(5)洗气瓶:用于干燥气体,或不纯气体的除杂。也可用作测气装置、储气装置等。注意气体的进入方向,除杂:“长进短出”,排水储气:“短进长出”。2.化学实验安全常识
第二篇:咬文嚼字 教案人教选修
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
3.4 咬文嚼字 教案(人教选修—语言文字应用)
教学目标
1、通过对文中有关几个实例的尝试品味,体会斟酌文字与精微准确地传情达意之间的重要关系,从而自觉养成“一字不肯放松”的正确谨严的语文学习习惯。
2、引导学生注意对本文语言的质疑分析,培养求实创新精神。
教学过程
一、导入:
打一谜语让同学们猜:小老鼠看书--咬文嚼字
小老鼠学习的精神应该推广:把书吃掉,消化掉,成为一个很有品位的小老鼠。
二、解题
“咬文嚼字”一般解释为:过分地斟酌字词(死抠字眼,不领会精神实质)。作者赋予这个成语一种新的意义,就是在文字运用上“必须有一字不肯放松的谨严”。
作者提倡“咬文嚼字”,认为语言文字与思想感情有密切关系,文字的优劣要从它所表达的思想感情和表现的意境上去辨别,文字的运用,要从思想感情的透彻、凝练、创新入手。
三、作者介绍
朱光潜(1897-1986),著名美学家、文艺理论家、翻译家。笔名孟实,安徽省桐城县人。我国现代美学的开拓者和奠基者之一。他学贯中西,博古通今。《西方美学史》是朱光潜最重要的一部著作,也是我国学者撰写的第一部美学史著作,具有开创性的学术价值,代表了中国研究西方美学思想的水平。朱光潜信奉“三此主义”,即此身,此时,此地。“此身应该做而且能够做的事,就得由此身担当起,不推诿给旁人。”“此时应该做而且能够做的事,就得在此时做,不拖延到未来。”“此地(我的地位、我的环境)应该做而且能够做的事,就得在此地做,不推诿到想象中另一地位去做。”这是朱光潜不尚空谈、着眼现在、脚踏实地的治学精神的体现。他的座右铭:“以出世的精神,做入世的事业”。
主要代表作有:《文艺心理学》《谈美书简》《给青年的十二封信》
四、课文分析
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
《咬文嚼字》全文8段,1—7段是文章的主体,为第一部分。8段表明文章的主旨,是文章的第二部分。
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
原文:红杏枝头春意浓
改文:红杏枝头春意闹
解说:非一“闹”字,不能形容其杏之红,其红之浓。“闹”将无“声”的景象随着上有“声”的意味。日常经验里的视觉、听觉等感觉被彼此打通,多层次地将审美的精微感受传达出来。
最后在总结课内外诸多实例的基础上让学生明确文字和思想感情有密切关系,语言跟思想情感走,更动了文字就同时更动了思想情感。只有刻苦自励,推陈翻新,时时求思想情感和语言的精练与吻合,才会逐渐达到艺术的完美。
观点性语段在最后一段,作者主要的观点是:
1、应该有谨严精神;
2、只有咬文嚼字,不断推陈翻新,追求思想感情和语言的精练与吻合,才可能达到艺术的完美。
补充资料:
题李凝幽居 唐•贾岛
闲居少邻并,草径入荒园。鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门。
过桥分野色,移石动云根。暂去还来此,幽期不负言。
注解:幽居:指隐居处.云根:古人认为云生在山石上,石为云根.幽期:归隐所约的日期.译文:幽闲地住在这里,很少有邻居往来,只有一条杂草遮掩的小路通向荒芜的小园.鸟儿歇宿在池边的树上,归来的僧人正在月下敲响山门.走过小桥呈现出原野迷人的景色,云脚正在飘动,好像山石在移动.我暂时要离开这里,但不久还要回来,要按照约定的日期与朋友一起隐居,决不食言.锦 瑟 唐•李商隐
锦瑟无端五十弦,一弦一柱思华年。庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶,望帝春心托杜鹃。
沧海月明珠有泪,蓝田日暖玉生烟。此情可待成追忆,只是当时已惘然。
译文:锦瑟呀,你为何竟然有五十条弦?每弦每节,都令人怀思黄金华年。我心象庄子,为蝴蝶晓梦而迷惘; 又象望帝化杜鹃,寄托春心哀怨 沧海明月高照,鲛人泣泪皆成珠蓝田红日和暖,可看到良玉生烟。
悲欢离合之情,岂待今日来追忆,只是当年却漫不经心,早已惘然。
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
青玉案 宋•贺铸
凌波不过横塘塘路,但目送,芳尘去。——眼看此女走近又离去。
锦瑟华年谁与度?——猜想她住什么地方?有夫否?
月台花榭,琐窗朱户,只有春知处——或许是那女子气质高雅,使人想他应住在这种“月台
花榭,琐窗朱户”的华屋吧。
碧云冉冉衡皋暮,彩笔新题断肠句——从清晨等到日暮,佳人不再来,写了断肠句。
试问闲愁都几许?——心全乱了,愁绪满怀。
一川烟草,满城风絮,梅子黄时雨!——喻情于景,愁如一川烟草,偏此时又下起梅雨,满
城飘起柳絮,春天的雨有时确实使人恼啊。
贺铸一生所识女子颇多,为何只对此女有这种情思,有两个原因:一是这位女子与作者已亡故的妻有些相像,产生“移情”心理;二是这位女子与作者心目中的女性偶像十分贴近,使用权他一见而钟情。
宋•苏轼
独携天上小团月,来试人间第二泉。
小团月是一种名品茶(在当时是贡茶)第二泉指的是二泉亭品二泉水和眺望太湖
例子:
红杏枝头春意“浓”
红杏枝头春意“闹”
宋祁 《玉楼春》
东城渐觉风光好,彀皱波纹迎客棹。绿杨烟外晓寒轻,红杏枝头春意闹。
浮生长恨欢娱少,肯爱千金轻一笑?
縠皱:即皱纱,喻水的波纹。
金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
浮生:指飘浮无定的短暂人生
刘公勇在词话里称“一闹字卓绝千古”。“闹”字好就好在准确、鲜明、生动,带有动态地刻画春天的蓬勃生机,并把作者对春天这样一个万物萌发,生机盎然的季节的到来的欣喜用一个“闹”字表达了出来。作者的感情态度尽含于一个闹字之中。
课堂小练习:
在诗中的括号内,填入六个字,构成六幅画。塞鸿秋·浔阳即景 元·周德清
长江万里白如(),淮山数点青如(),江帆几片疾如(),山泉千尺飞如()。晚云都变露,新月初学(),塞鸿一字来如()。
原诗
塞鸿秋·浔阳即景 周德清
长江万里白如练,淮山数点青如淀,江帆几片疾如箭,山泉千尺飞如电。
晚霞都变露,新月初学扇,塞鸿一字来如线。
(四)阅读下列文字,说说修改稿好在哪里?
原稿:
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
金太阳新课标资源网
wx.jtyjy.com
老渔民长得高大结实,看样子60岁左右,嘴巴下留着一把花白胡子。瞧他那眉目神气,就像秋天的晴空一样,晴朗又透明又深沉。
修改稿:
老渔民长得高大结实,留着一把花白胡子。瞧他那眉目神气,就像秋天的高空一样,又晴朗又深沉。
金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com
第三篇:人教新课标必修一 Unit1 Friendship[全套教案]
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
Unit 1 Friendship Teaching goals:
*语言知识
1.to talk about friends and friendship, and interpersonal relationship 2.to practise expressing attitudes, agreement and disagreement, and certainty 3.to master some sentences about giving advice 4.to learn to use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(1): statements and questions 5.to learn about communication skills
*语言技能和学习策略
1.to develop listening skills by doing exercises in listening task 2.to develop speaking skills by finishing the speaking task and other activities like discussion and oral practice 3.to develop reading skills through the reading materials in this unit 4.to learn to write a letter of advice
*文化意识
1.to know about friend and the real meaning of friend 2.to learn how to get along with others
*情感态度
1.to arouse the interest in learning English 2.to learn to express their feeling of friends and friendship
Teaching key points: 1.how to improve students’ speaking and cooperating abilities
2.learn to use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(1):statements and questions 3.master some words and expressions Teaching difficult points: 1.train the students’ speaking, listening, reading and writing abilities 2.how to improve students’ cooperating abilities Teaching methods: Student-focus approach and task-based approach Learning methods: Cooperative study Teaching aids: Computer
The First Period(Warming up &Speaking)Teaching aims: 1.to know about different kinds of friendship 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
2.to learn some words of describing friend and friendship 3.to master some useful words and expressions Teaching methods: 1.discussing
2.cooperative learning
Teaching materials: Warming up Teaching procedures: Step One: Leading-in 1.Free talk: Something about friend and friendship Ask the Ss to describe one of their friends----their appearance, personality, hobbies, etc.Qs: What’s your friend like?
What does he/she like to do in his/her spare time?
What personality does he/she have? Step Two: Discussion
1.Writing the following statement on the blackboard We all agree that to have a good friend , you need to be a good friend.2.Ask the Ss: What do you think of this statement and how can you be a good friend? Let the Ss express their views 3.Have the Ss get into groups of four to list some qualities of a person they would like as a friend.Ss may list: honest, friendly, open-minded, generous, helpful, patient, good-tempered, trustworthy, careful, full of love, caring, responsible, interesting, brave, easygoing, outgoing, warm-hearted, kind, selfness, tolerant, intelligent… 4.Have a member of each group report on what their lists have and list them on the blackboard 5.Ask the class whether or not they agree with all the qualities listed Step Three: Doing the survey and explanation 1.Have the Ss do the survey in the textbook and let them work out their score.2.Teacher explain each item Question 1 deal with how thoughtful you are towards others.The scoring reflects your concern for others.So one point for A gets the lowest score because it is the most selfish response.B get the highest score because it show a concern for your friend as well as your wish to go to see a film.C gets a slightly lower score because although it shows you want to go with your friend(because you change the plan), you do not help your friend.Question 2 is concerned with fairness.A gets the lowest score because you are not giving your friend another chance to behave better this time.B gets a higher score because you let your friend borrow the camera again.This shows kindness and forgiveness or the trouble you had when it was returned broken.But you are not balancing his heeds against your own.That is why C gets the highest score.You are showing your friend that you will trust him/her with the camera again but this time you are giving him / her rules in case it gets broken.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
Question 3 deals with your concern for others.A get the lowest score because you would put anything else that needed to be done aside and concentrate only on your friend.This is not responsible.You have things that you need to do.Of course your friend is important but not more important than you responsibilities.B gets a higher score because it shows some concern for your friend and some understanding that you have important things to do too.But it does not show any real interest in his / her problem.C get the highest score because it not only shows concern for your friend but a recognition that you have responsibilities too.Question 4 is concerned with responsibilities to a friend.A provides the correct amount of responsibility to your friend.You recognize that it was your fault and will put it right and pay for the damage.So it gets the highest score.B provides some understanding that you are responsible.You put the situation right but you do not pay for the damage yourself.So it does not get the highest score.C gets the lowest score because you expect your friend to pay for your mistakes even though you were doing your friend a favour.Question 5 is concerned with honesty.If you let your friend look at your paper or somebody else’s paper, you are helping them to cheat.That is not honest, so answers A and C get no marks.But it takes courage to tell your friend that they should have studied and that they cannot look at your paper.That is also the honest answer.So you get 6 points for B, which is more than any other in the quiz.Step Four: Language points Teacher explain language points with some slides 1.add v.1)to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.增加,添加
eg.Please add something to what I’ve said, John.2)to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total eg.Add up these figure for me, please.常用结构:
add up / together sth.把…加起来,合计 add sth.to sth.把…加到/进 add to(=increase)增加了… add up to 合计,共计 add in 包括…,算进
2.pay to get it repaired
花钱让人去修理
3.upset
adj.worred;annoyed 不安的;使心烦意乱的
v.cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm, etc.使不安;使心烦意乱
eg.He was upset when he heard the news.His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.4.ignore vt.to pay no attention to sth.忽视;对…不予理睬 eg.Ignore the child if he misbehaves and he’ll stop soon.ignorant adj.无知的;不知的 ignorance n.无知;愚昧 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
5.calm
vt.to make sth./ sb.become quiet 使镇静;使平静
adj.not excited, nervous or upset 镇静的;沉着的
calm down 镇静;平静
calm down sb.=calm sb.Down
使某人镇静 sb.calm down(vi.)
某人平静下来 eg.The excited girl quickly calmed down.He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.6.have got to do sth.(口语)=have to do sth.不得不做某事;必须做某事
eg.Since you’re no longer a child now, you have got to make money to support the family.*have got to在变疑问句或否定句时,不再另加助动词,而have to则须加助动词do.have got to前不用情态动词,而have to前则可以。如: eg.Have you got to writ an assignment for your teacher? 7.be concerned about / for : be worried about eg.We’re all concerned about her safety.8.cheat
vt.1)to act in a dishonest way in order to win
欺骗;作弊
eg.Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.2)to take from(someone)in a dishonest way 骗;骗取
eg.They cheated the old woman(out)of her money by making her sign a document she didn’t understand.n.1)an act of cheating
作弊行为
2)one who cheats
骗子
Step Five: Speaking 1.Get the Ss to work in groups of 4.2.Ask the Ss to use the questionnaire in Warming up as an example and discuss about designing questions.3.Follow the steps in this part and start the discussion like this: A: Now let us design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friend one is.B: OK.First we must think of four questions and three possible answers to each question.C: What about the first question? Have you got one in mind? D: Suppose your friend has taken away your book by mistake.What will you do or say to him / her? …
4.Teacher go around in the classroom and check their discussion.Step Six: Assignments 1.Ask Ss to consider the following question;What is / are the most important quality / qualities that a friend needs to have? 2.Prepare for Reading
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
The Second and Third Period
(reading and language points)Teaching aims:
1.to know about the story of Anne’s Diary
2.to promote the Ss’ abilities of reading comprehension 3.to learn about the following words and expressions: readon;list;go through;hide away;set down;a series of;outdoors;crazy;spellbound;on purpose;dare;happen to do sth.;It’s the first time that… Teaching methods: 1.reading and discussion 2.cooperative learning and speaking Teaching materials: Reading, Comprehending Teaching procedures: Step One: Leading-in Ask their opinions on the question mentioned in the assignment of last period.Step Two: Pre-reading Let the Ss think about the questions in Pre-reading, and express their own views to the whole class.Step Three: Reading
1.Ask the Ss to look at the pictures and the heading, guess what the text might be about.2.Get the Ss to skim the passage and answer the following questions: What’s Anne’s best friend?
What does her diary mainly talk about?(1.Anne’s best friend is her diary.2.It’s about Anne’s feeling of hiding away.She especially missed going outside and enjoying nature.3.Let the Ss read the passage and discuss the following questions: 1)Imagine what it might be like if they had to stay in their bedroom for a whole year.You could not leave it even to go to the WC or get a cup of tea.How would they feel? 2)If you are only allowed to have five things with you in the hiding place because there is very little room, what would you choose? 3)Try to guess why the windows had to stay closed.4)Guess the meanings of the word “crazy” and “spellbound” according to the context.Step Four: Discussing the style Ask the Ss: 1.What do you think is the purpose of this passage? Why did Anne write it? 2.Do you think it is successful? Do you understand Anne’s feelings?
3.What is Anne’s tone? In other words, is the author angry, sad, happy or thrilled? 4.What is Anne’s point of view? Do you agree with it? If so, why? If not, why not? Step Five: Listen to the text and comprehend it Step Six: Language points 1.go through 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
1)to examine carefully
仔细阅读或研究 eg.I went through the students’ papers last night.2)to experience 经历;遭受或忍受
eg.You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.2.hide away 3)vi.to go somewhere where you hope you will not be seen or found 躲避;隐匿
hide away +地点
eg.The thief hid away in a friends’ house for several weeks after the robbery.4)to put or keep sth./sb.in a place where they / it can’t be seen or found 藏;隐蔽
hide away sth./ hide sth.away eg.Why do you hide your thoughts away from me? 3.set down 5)write down 写下;记下
eg.I’ll set down the story as it was told to me.6)put down 放下;搁下 set down sth./set sth.down eg.He set down a basket on the ground.4.series
n.(单复数同形)
a series of 一连串的;一系列的 5.crazy
adj.7)mad, foolish 疯狂的;愚蠢的
It is crazy of sb.to do sth.= sb be crazy to do sth.eg.It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.8)wildly excited;very interested 狂热的;着迷的 grow / be crazy about sb./ sth.eg.The boys are crazy about the girl singer.9)like crazy 发疯似的;拼命地
eg.He talked like crazy;I couldn’t understand what he said.6.I wonder if it’s because I haven’tt been able to be outdoors for so long that ….*I wonder if / whether…
eg.I wonder if you can help me? *It’s because …
it is 后的表原因的从句中,只能用because来引导,不能用since或as.eg.Why did you go to school on foot?
It is because my bike had broken.7.spellbind
v.to hold the complete attention of 吸引人,迷人;使入迷
eg.The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.9.stay
v.to continue to be in a particular state or situatioin 系动词,表是状态。后跟名词或形容词,不能用于被动语态和进行时态。eg.He stayed single all his life.10.on purpose 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
1)故意地(反义:by chance / accident)
eg.I think she lost the key on purpose.2)on purpose to do sth.为了要…而特地
eg.He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.10.far
adv.“过于;…得多” ,表示程度,经常与too或形容词、副词的比较级连用。
eg.She speaks English far better than I.This room is far too warm.cf.very, much, far 11.dare 1)modal.v.多用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句、whether(if)等名词性从句或有否定意义的句中,后接动词原形。没有人称和数的变化,其时态只有现在时和过去时。否定式在其后加not.eg.How dare he say such a word!
If you dare do that again, you’ll be punished.2)vt.敢,胆敢。有人称、数和时态的变化。在否定句和疑问句中,dare后的to可保留也可省略。
eg.I wonder how he dare to day such words.12.happen to do sth.It so(just)happened that… 不能用于进行时态。
eg.I happened to be out when he came.= It so happened that I was out when he came.13.It’s the first time that…
eg.It is the first time that I have seen the sea.Step Seven: Comprehending Get the Ss to do the exercises in this part.Step Eight: Consolidation Listen to the text again to appreciate it.Step Nine: Assignments 1.Read the key sentences in the text 2.do the exercises on Wb(Page 41-42)
The Fourth Period(Listening)Teaching aims: to train and develop listening skills by listening to the listening exercises in this unit Teaching methods: Listening and speaking Teaching materials: listening parts on Page 6 and Page 41 and Page 43 Teaching procedures: Step One: Revision Check the answers to the homework Step Two: Listening 1.Listen to the exercises on Page 6 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
2.Guess the words by listening to the tape and write them down Step Three: Listening to the passage Fill in the blanks on Page 41 Step Four: Speaking
Listen to the tape and discuss questions in groups of four, express your own views.Step Five: Listening task 1.Discuss with the Ss whether they always do what their parents tell them.2.Have the Ss listen to the passage.3.Fill in the table
4.Work in pairs to give some advice to Anne Step Six: Assignments 1.Do the exercises on Page 42(Ex 1,2)2.Revise the Object Clause
The Fifth Period(Discovering Useful Structures)Teaching aims: Let the Ss use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Teaching methods: 1.discovery learning 2.cooperative learning Teaching materials: Page 5 Teaching procedures: Step One: Revision 1.Check the homework with the Ss 2.Revise the Object clause
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences.1.I go to school by bike.(He said…)
2.Will you forget to do your homework?(Mary asked him…)3.When did you come here?(They asked me…)4.What has he said?(Do you know…)
5.Anne is watching TV now.(Mother told me …)Step Two: discovering useful structures 1.Present some sentences for Ss
1)My friend says, “ I will come here tomorrow?”
如果此时此地,你来转述,应该说:
My friend says she / he will come here tomorrow? 如果时间变了,地点不变,你来转述,应该说: My friend said she / he would come here the next day.如果地点变了,时间还是今天,你来转述,应该说: My friend sayd she / he will go there tomorrow.如果时间地点都变了,你来转述,应该说: My friend said She / he would go there the next day.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
如果由别人转述,时间地点都变了,应该说:
He/ She said he /she would go there the next day.*使用直接引语和间接引语要注意具体语境。
2)“Do you go to the park yesterday?” He asked me.He asked me if / whether I went to the park the day before.3)Kate said to John, “What’s your favourite food?”
Kate asked John what his favourite food was.2.Get the Ss to have a look at Part 1 in “Discovering useful structures” and sum up this grammar point.人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化。Step Three: Practice 1.Do the first tow sentences in Part 2 as examples.2.Check the answers together.Step Four: Assignments 1.Wb, Page 42, 43(Individual, Groups)2.Prepare for Reading on Page 44
The Sixth Period(Reading)Teaching aims:
1.to learn about friendship in Hawaii 2.to promote the Ss’ abilities of reading comprehension 3.to learn about the following words and expressions: way;the second important;It’s believed that…;in peace;those who …;etc.Teaching methods: 1.reading and discussion
2.cooperative learning and speaking Teaching methods: Reading(Page 44)Teaching procedures: Step One: Leading-in
1.Ask the Ss if they can think of any place in the world where Chinese and Western cultures live side by side.(Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, the Philippines, San Francisco, etc.)Step Two: Reading 1.Get the Ss to read the passage and try to finish the table in Ex1.2.Read the passage carefully again and discuss the questions in Ex2.3.Report their discussion Step Three: Listening to the text and comprehend it Step Four: Language points 1.the way to do sth./ the way of doing sth.2.the second most important the second + adj.(最高级)the third + adj.(最高级)
eg.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
China is the third largest country in the world.3.to enjoy the land = in order to enjoy the land eg.To make the w8th Olympic Games the game ever, Beijing will make several changes.* to do和 in order to do可以置于句首、句末,而 so as to do只能置于句末。4.Indeed, Hawaii is a place where ….small communities.5.It’s believed that the islands can be a paradise ….It’s believed that …= People believe that …
eg.It’s believed that they arrived more than 30,000 years ago.6.in peace 7.… they are really talking about all those who live on the islands.those who…=people who … “凡…的人”
eg.The teacher praised those who had done good deeds.We find it our duty to help those who are in trouble.8.Living in peace, Hawaiians has developed …
现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于 As they are living in peace.9.Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Step Five: Listening to the text and enjoy it
The Seventh Period(Speaking Task and Writing)Teaching aims: 1.to develop Ss’ speaking ability and learn to express their own views 2.enable Ss to write a letter of advice Teaching methods: 1.tasked-based learning 2.speaking Teaching procedures: Step One: Speaking task Task One: Ex1(Page 45)1.Get the Ss to work in pairs, have them read the situations and choose one to discuss.2.Ask the Ss to present their dialogue.Task Two: Ex2(Page 45-46)1.Ask the Ss to look at the pictures.2.Work in groups of four and talk about whether they are doing is cool or not.3.Try to express their own views to the whole class.Step Two: Writing
Task One: Ask the Ss to write a letter of advice 1.Get the S to read the letter on Page 7 and understand it.2.Ask the Ss to work in pairs and talk about how to answer the letter.3.Write the letter in reply down.10 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理
Task Two: Ask the Ss to write a passage about their opinions on friend and friendship 1.Read the proverbs carefully.2.Write a passage to express their own opinions.Step Three: Assignments 1.Fill in the form in Sum up(Page 8)2.Fill in the form in Checking yourself(Page 47)11
第四篇:高中物理选修3-5全套教案--动量守恒定律(一)
16.2 动量守恒定律
(一)★新课标要求
(一)知识与技能
理解动量守恒定律的确切含义和表达式,知道定律的适用条件和适用范围
(二)过程与方法
在理解动量守恒定律的确切含义的基础上正确区分内力和外力
(三)情感、态度与价值观
培养逻辑思维能力,会应用动量守恒定律分析计算有关问题 ★教学重点
动量的概念和动量守恒定律 ★教学难点
动量的变化和动量守恒的条件. ★教学方法
教师启发、引导,学生讨论、交流。★教学用具:
投影片,多媒体辅助教学设备 ★课时安排 1 课时
★教学过程
(一)引入新课
上节课的探究使我们看到,不论哪一种形式的碰撞,碰撞前后mυ的矢量和保持不变,因此mυ很可能具有特别的物理意义。
(二)进行新课
1.动量(momentum)及其变化
(1)动量的定义:物体的质量与速度的乘积,称为(物体的)动量。记为p=mv.单位:kg·m/s读作“千克米每秒”。
理解要点:
①状态量:动量包含了“参与运动的物质”与“运动速度”两方面的信息,反映了由这两方面共同决定的物体的运动状态,具有瞬时性。
师:大家知道,速度也是个状态量,但它是个运动学概念,只反映运动的快慢和方向,而运动,归根结底是物质的运动,没有了物质便没有运动.显然地,动量包含了“参与运动的物质”和“运动速度”两方面的信息,更能从本质上揭示物体的运动状态,是一个动力学概念.②矢量性:动量的方向与速度方向一致。师:综上所述:我们用动量来描述运动物体所能产生的机械效果强弱以及这个效果发生的方向,动量的大小等于质量和速度的乘积,动量的方向与速度方向一致。
(2)动量的变化量:
定义:若运动物体在某一过程的始、末动量分别为p和p′,则称:△p= p′-p为物体在该过程中的动量变化。
强调指出:动量变化△p是矢量。方向与速度变化量△v相同。一维情况下:Δp=mΔυ= mυ2-mΔυ
1矢量差 【例1(投影)】
一个质量是0.1kg的钢球,以6m/s的速度水平向右运动,碰到一个坚硬的障碍物后被弹回,沿着同一直线以6m/s的速度水平向左运动,碰撞前后钢球的动量有没有变化?变化了多少?
【学生讨论,自己完成。老师重点引导学生分析题意,分析物理情景,规范答题过程,详细过程见教材,解答略】
2.系统
内力和外力
【学生阅读讨论,什么是系统?什么是内力和外力?】(1)系统:相互作用的物体组成系统。(2)内力:系统内物体相互间的作用力(3)外力:外物对系统内物体的作用力
〖教师对上述概念给予足够的解释,引发学生思考和讨论,加强理解〗 分析上节课两球碰撞得出的结论的条件:
两球碰撞时除了它们相互间的作用力(系统的内力)外,还受到各自的重力和支持力的作用,使它们彼此平衡。气垫导轨与两滑块间的摩擦可以不计,所以说m1和m2系统不受外力,或说它们所受的合外力为零。
3.动量守恒定律(law of conservation of momentum)
(1)内容:一个系统不受外力或者所受外力的和为零,这个系统的总动量保持不变。这个结论叫做动量守恒定律。
公式:m1υ1+ m2υ2= m1υ1′+ m2υ2′(2)注意点:
① 研究对象:几个相互作用的物体组成的系统(如:碰撞)。② 矢量性:以上表达式是矢量表达式,列式前应先规定正方向; ③ 同一性(即所用速度都是相对同一参考系、同一时刻而言的)
④ 条件:系统不受外力,或受合外力为0。要正确区分内力和外力;当F内>>F外时,系统动量可视为守恒;
思考与讨论: 如图所示,子弹打进与固定于墙壁的弹簧相连的木块,此系统从子弹开始入射木块到弹簧压缩到最短的过程中,子弹与木块作为一个系统动量是否守恒?说明理由。
B A 分析:此题重在引导学生针对不同的对象(系统),对应不同的过程中,受力情况不同,总动量可能变化,可能守恒。
〖通过此题,让学生明白:在学习物理的过程中,重要的一项基本功是正确恰当地选取研究对象、研究过程,根据实际情况选用对应的物理规律,不能生搬硬套。〗
【例2(投影)】
质量为30kg的小孩以8m/s的水平速度跳上一辆静止在水平轨道上的平板车,已知平板车的质量为90kg,求小孩跳上车后他们共同的速度。
解:取小孩和平板车作为系统,由于整个系统所受合外为为零,所以系统动量守恒。规定小孩初速度方向为正,则: 相互作用前:v1=8m/s,v2=0,设小孩跳上车后他们共同的速度速度为v′,由动量守恒定律得 m1v1=(m1+m2)v′
解得
v′=m1v1=2m/s,m1m2数值大于零,表明速度方向与所取正方向一致。
(三)课堂小结
教师活动:让学生概括总结本节的内容。请一个同学到黑板上总结,其他同学在笔记本上总结,然后请同学评价黑板上的小结内容。
学生活动:认真总结概括本节内容,并把自己这节课的体会写下来、比较黑板上的小结和自己的小结,看谁的更好,好在什么地方。
点评:总结课堂内容,培养学生概括总结能力。
教师要放开,让学生自己总结所学内容,允许内容的顺序不同,从而构建他们自己的知识框架。
(四)作业:“问题与练习”2、3、4题 课后补充练习
1.一爆竹在空中的水平速度为υ,若由于爆炸分裂成两块,质量分别为m1和m2,其中质量为m1的碎块以υ1速度向相反的方向运动,求另一块碎片的速度。
2.小车质量为200kg,车上有一质量为50kg的人。小车以5m/s的速度向东匀速行使,人以1m/s的速度向后跳离车子,求:人离开后车的速度。(5.6m/s)
第五篇:高中化学人教必修一1.1.2-蒸馏和萃取--教案
人教必修1
教案
蒸馏和萃取1.1.2
一、教材分析:蒸馏和萃取是在实际生产生活中有着广泛应用的分离和提纯技术,海水淡化问题是目前解决全球淡水日益紧缺问题的重要途径,这为选修《化学与技术》奠定了一定的知识基础。萃取对于学生来说是全新的分离和提纯技术,它是对溶解性规律的一个应用,其原理也在今后卤族元素和有机物的学习中多次体现,在生活中也有多方面 的应用。本节课教学内容主要包括两个方面:
(一)复习蒸馏的原理,掌握实验室规范的蒸馏装置。这部分内容只作复习和简单的扩充;
(二)介绍萃取的原理和装置,特别是实验操作中的细节。这部分知识为新知识,应采用灵活多样的教学手段由浅入深地让学生理解和掌握。蒸馏和萃取是高中阶段的两个基本实验操作,学生对于相关内容及部分仪器还比较陌生,本节课的主要目的就是让学生了解蒸馏和萃取的操作及过程,学习一些仪器的使用方法,并进
一步丰富分离提纯物质的方法和手段。
二、教学目标
(一)知识与能力 .认识化学实验在学习和研究化学中的作用。1.知道液体混合物分离和提纯的常用方法——蒸馏和萃取,能根据物质的性质设计分离和提纯方案,并初步掌握2
其操作技能。体验科学探究的过程,通过亲自实验和教师指导,让学生掌握做好实验的方法。
(二)过程与方法: 能发现生产、生活中有意义的化学问题,建立化学为生产、生活服务的观点。
(三)情感态度与价值观:
教学重点、难点
三、蒸馏和萃取的实验原理以及操作过程。教学重点:
蒸馏和萃取的掌握和应用。教学难点:
四、教学过程:【引言】上节课我们学习了粗盐的提纯,通过除杂质过滤的方法得到比较纯的盐水,大家想想如果我们要把盐水变
页6 共 页1 第
为淡水,该怎么做呢?比如说在海边,渔民们是怎么解决生活用水的问题;前段时间,中央电视台播放了郑和下西洋的那段历史,大
家知道他们是怎么解决长期在海上漂泊的吃水问题吗?
【展示】海水变淡水【引】做汤的时候,观察过锅盖吗?锅盖上有水珠,这水珠与汤不什么不同?为什么会有水珠?水蒸汽凝结?为什
么水蒸汽会凝结成水珠?我们在化学中应怎么称呼?那么这是一个什么过程,水蒸汽遇温度低的锅盖而凝成水珠附于锅盖。汤沸腾后,【讲】 大家想一想蒸馏是不是一种分离混合物的方法?如果是,那么是分离什么样的混合物?混合物的分离和提纯除了过滤、蒸发外,还有其他很多方法,这节课,我们来学习另外两种新方法:蒸馏和【过】 萃取)二(【板书】(distillation and extraction)蒸馏和萃取 【过】首先,让我们利用实验室通过蒸馏的方法除去自来水中的杂质制取蒸馏水的实验来学习蒸馏的过程、蒸馏1【板书】Cl使水中含有因为自来水厂使用了消毒剂氯对水进行了消毒。我们引用的自来水是纯净的水吗?不是。【引入】―。我们可以利用加入硝酸银溶液检验是否含有氯离子。
【实验演示】自来水中加入硝酸酸化的硝酸银溶液【讲】有明显白色沉淀生成,证明自来水中含有氯离子。那么,我们应该用什么方法除去自来水中的氯离子呢?能
否向上一堂课中使用化学方法,加入试剂反应除去?不能。加入试剂后会引入新的杂质,达不到我们实验目的。要想得到纯净水。可以使用加热将水变为水蒸汽,()然后再冷凝为纯净的液态蒸馏水。
【小结】实验室就是使用蒸馏的方法制取蒸馏水。
【投】原理:利用互溶的液体混合物中各组分的沸点不同,给液体混合物加热,使其中的某一组分变成蒸气再冷凝成(1)的水提纯其Fe3+(例如蒸馏含有液体,从而达到分离提纯的目的。蒸馏一般用于分离沸点相差较大的液体混合物。页6 共 页2 第
中水份,蒸馏石油提纯不同沸点的有机组分)、锥形瓶、胶管)仪器:铁架台、酒精灯、石棉网、蒸馏烧瓶、冷凝管、温度计、胶塞、牛角管(尾接管)2(【实验演示】实验室制取蒸馏水)蒸馏时的注意事项:3(【投】 防止爆沸。)碎瓷片(,烧瓶要垫上石棉网加热,烧瓶中还要加入沸石2/3烧瓶内液体的容积不超过a.温度计下端水银泡应置于烧瓶支管处,测量逸出气体的温度。b.冷凝水下口进,上口出。c.d.实验开始时,先开冷凝水,后加热。实验结束时,先停止加热,后关冷凝水。溶液不可蒸干。
【讲】锥形瓶中的液体就是蒸馏水,我们再用硝酸银溶液检验是否含有氯离子。
【实验演示】蒸馏水加入硝酸银溶液 实验室制取蒸馏水1-3 【投影小结实验】实验 现象 实验加硝酸银溶液有白色沉淀产生,滴入几滴稀硝酸和几滴硝酸在试管中加入少量自来水,、1
且沉淀不溶解 银溶液。℃100加热,烧瓶中水温升高到烧瓶中加入约100 mL、在2体积的自来水,再加入几1/3 沸腾,在锥形瓶中收集蒸馏水,如图连接好装置,向冷凝管中通入冷)或碎瓷片(粒沸石却水。加热烧瓶,弃去开始馏出的总分液体,用锥形瓶收 液体,停止加热10 mL 集约加硝酸银溶液于蒸馏水中,无沉然后滴入几滴稀硝酸取少量收集到的液体加入试管中,、3 共 页3 第 页6
淀 和几滴硝酸银溶液 【思考】、为什么冷却水通入方向与被冷凝蒸气流向相反?)为了使蒸馏出的蒸气与冷却水长时间充分接触,带走尽可能多的热量(、为什么温度计水银球的顶端要与圆底烧瓶支管下沿处于同一水平线?2对于蒸馏来说,只有精确控制蒸馏的温度才能达到分离提纯的目的,而蒸馏烧瓶支管口的温度正是被蒸馏变为气()体某组分的温度,故温度计水银球顶端要与圆底烧瓶支管下沿处于同一水平线、在日常生活中,我们应用蒸馏的方法可以将海水淡化,或制造无水酒精。若采用蒸馏的方法分离酒精和水的混)酒精沸点低,先蒸出的是酒精。(合物,先蒸馏出来的物质是什么?、从这个实验中,大家可以看出蒸馏适用于什么类型的混合物的分离?4
液态混合物中,沸点不同,除去难挥发或不挥发的物质。:)蒸馏的使用范围4(【投】加热是为了获得溶液的残留物时,要用蒸发;加热是为了收集蒸气的冷凝液体时,(【思考】蒸馏与蒸发的区别:)要用蒸馏【过渡】在日常生活中,有时我们的衣服粘了油渍,可以用汽油擦洗,这就是萃取的应用。接下来我们学习另外的 一种分离方法,叫做萃取与分液。、萃取2【板书】 【过】我们先来认识这个新的仪器:分液漏斗。【展示仪器】分液漏斗的组成,分液漏斗的活塞、盖子同漏斗本身是配套的。使用漏斗 前要检验漏斗是否漏水。方法为:关闭活塞,在漏斗中加少量水,盖好盖子,用右手压 住分液漏斗口部,左手握住活塞部分,把分液漏斗倒转过来用力振荡,看是否漏水定义:利用某溶质在互不相溶的溶剂中的溶解度不同,用一种溶剂把溶质从它(1)【投】
与另一种溶剂组成的溶液中提取出来,在利用分液的原理和方法将它们分离开来。【讲解+实验演示】我们通过实验来解释萃取的定义,我们知道碘单质在水中的溶解度 页6 共 页4 第
饱和碘水,倒入分液漏斗中。接着,按照萃取的定义,我们10ml不大,碘水呈黄棕色。碘是溶质,水是溶剂。取 要用另一种溶剂加把溶质碘从碘水中提取出来,这另外一种溶剂的选择要符合一些条件,)萃取剂的选择:2(【投】 溶质在萃取剂的溶解度要比在原溶剂(水)大。a.萃取剂与原溶剂(水)不互溶。b.萃取剂与溶液不发生发应。c.【讲解+实验演示】那么,我们根据这些条件可以选择了四氯化碳,由于碘在四氯化碳的溶解度比较大,所以我们就可以了,进行振荡。请大家注意振荡的操作:用右手压住分液漏斗口部,左手握住活塞部分,把分液漏4ml加入
(斗倒转过来用力振荡,注意放气怎么。振荡后将分液漏斗放在铁架台上静置。)强调放气的重要性【讲解】静置后,大家发现漏斗中的液体分为两层,下层为紫红色,这一层为碘的四氯化碳的溶液。上层溶液颜色
变淡了,证明碘水中的碘已经被萃取到四氯化碳中了,达到了碘和水分离的目的,这就是萃取。)。。。勺子舀,吸管吸,(【引导】大家想想,萃取后,如何分离?比如汤上面的油层是怎样弄走的?【讲】我们试想一下,可不可以想办法使汤使下面流走,让油刚好留在容器中。容器下面有通道,汤从下面流走,在汤刚好流完时,关闭通道,这样汤和油不就分开了吗,这正好符合分液漏斗的结构。、分液3【板书】,为什么?【讲解+实验演示】最后一步,就是把四氯化碳层和水层分开,这就是分液。首先,打开盖子(塞子)(平衡大气压)将活塞打开,使下层液体慢慢流出。漏斗下端口靠烧杯壁。上层液体从上口倒出,为什么?(防止
上层液体混带有下层液体)【投影总结】
定义:把两种互不相溶的液体(且密度不同)分开的操作(1)【板书】萃取与分液的步骤: 检验分液漏斗是否漏水a.加入溶液,加入萃取剂,振荡b.页6 共 页5 第
静置分层c.分液d.(四个步骤)以及掌握萃取与分液的操作步骤。,(三个条件)大家要掌握的是萃取剂的选择通过这个实验,【小结】
附:板书设计:、蒸馏、萃取和分液
(二)、蒸馏1、萃取2、分液3 萃取与分液的步骤:4.分液 d.静置分层 c.加入溶液,加入萃取剂,振荡 b.检验分液漏斗是否漏水a.五、教学反思本节学习了混合物的分离和提纯的基本操作:蒸馏、分液和萃取,在实验室上这节课充分的调动了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,虽然准备实验很麻烦,但提高了课堂效率,不用再另找时间做实验。学生分组实验并合作探究,在老师的引导下完成教学重点内容——蒸馏、分液和萃取的基本操作,并通过亲身实践进一步领会了蒸馏、分液和萃取法,突破了本节课的难点——蒸馏、分液和萃取的基本操作原理和注意事项,在探究实验的过程中学生也提升了,还有许多分离和提纯的方法,化学学的科学素养。在化学实验和科学研究中利用物质的,等等。此外,如分馏、层析整堂课学生求知旺我们将在今后的学习中慢慢接触到。,应用也十分广泛,特殊性质来分离和检验物质的方法也很多
盛,复杂的知识变得简单化,亲自动手操作,加深了印象,提高了能力。页6 共 页6 第