2017 政府工作报告中英对照

第一篇：2017 政府工作报告中英对照

2017 政府工作报告中英对照

发表于2017年3月16日由CATTI考试资料与资讯

新华社北京3月16日电 政府工作报告

——2017年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上 国务院总理 李克强

BEIJING, March 16(Xinhua)— Following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Li Keqiang at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2017 and adopted on March 15, 2017:

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2017 Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

Esteemed Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2016年工作回顾

Let me begin with a review of our work in 2016.过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，砥砺前行，推动经济社会持续健康发展。In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.党的十八届六中全会正式明确总书记的核心地位，体现了党和人民的根本利益，对保证党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安，具有十分重大而深远的意义。At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee,the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and far-reaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and long-term stability of the Party and the country.各地区、各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，推动全面建成小康社会取得新的重要进展，全面深化改革迈出重大步伐，全面依法治国深入实施，全面从严治党纵深推进，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成，“十三五”实现了良好开局。

All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all-around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise law-based governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party self-governance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th Five-Year Plan off to a great start.——经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元，增长6.7%，名列世界前茅，对全球经济增长的贡献率超过30%。居民消费价格上涨2%。The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan, representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%，单位国内生产总值能耗下降5%，经济发展的质量和效益明显提高。

With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就业增长超出预期。全年城镇新增就业1314万人。高校毕业生就业创业人数再创新高。年末城镇登记失业率4.02%，为多年来最低。13亿多人口的发展中大国，就业比较充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革开放深入推进。重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，供给侧结构性改革初见成效。对外开放推出新举措，“一带一路”建设进展快速，一批重大工程和国际产能合作项目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supply-side structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——经济结构加快调整。消费在经济增长中发挥主要拉动作用。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%。高技术产业、装备制造业较快增长。农业稳中调优，粮食再获丰收。

Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——发展新动能不断增强。创新驱动发展战略深入实施。科技领域取得一批国际领先的重大成果。新兴产业蓬勃兴起，传统产业加快转型升级。

New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.大众创业、万众创新广泛开展，全年新登记企业增长24.5%，平均每天新增1.5万户，加上个体工商户等，各类市场主体每天新增4.5万户。新动能正在撑起发展新天地。

People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businesses registered-an average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With self-employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基础设施支撑能力持续提升。新建高速铁路投产里程超过1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、农村公路29万公里。城市轨道交通、地下综合管廊建设加快。新开工重大水利工程21项。新增第四代移动通信用户3.4亿、光缆线路550多万公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活继续改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%。农村贫困人口减少1240万，易地扶贫搬迁人口超过240万。棚户区住房改造600多万套，农村危房改造380多万户。国内旅游快速增长，出境旅游超过1.2亿人次，城乡居民生活水平有新的提高。

Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 6.3 percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.我国成功主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会，推动取得一系列开创性、引领性、机制性重要成果，在全球经济治理中留下深刻的中国印记。

China successfully hosted the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顾过去一年，走过的路很不寻常。我们面对的是世界经济和贸易增速7年来最低、国际金融市场波动加剧、地区和全球性挑战突发多发的外部环境，面对的是国内结构性问题突出、风险隐患显现、经济下行压力加大的多重困难，面对的是改革进入攻坚期、利益关系深刻调整、影响社会稳定因素增多的复杂局面。2016 was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.在这种情况下，经济能够稳住很不容易，出现诸多向好变化更为难得。这再次表明，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势，中国的发展前景一定会更好。Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year: 一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。全面推开营改增试点，全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，降低利息负担约4000亿元。

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.稳健的货币政策灵活适度，广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标。综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.实施促进消费升级措施。出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。分类调控房地产市场。加强金融风险防控，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，维护了国家经济金融安全。

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.With these measures, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks — cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness — thereby improving the composition of supply.以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，分流职工得到较好安置。

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.支持农民工在城镇购房，提高棚改货币化安置比例，房地产去库存取得积极成效。We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes;and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。

Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.着眼促进企业降成本，出台减税降费、降低“五险一金”缴费比例、下调用电价格等举措。

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions,(1)and cut the price of electricity.加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.三是大力深化改革开放，发展活力进一步增强。全面深化改革，推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening the vitality of development.Reform was deepened across the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.To balance the government-market relationship — the pivotal issue in economic structural reform — we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。深化商事制度改革。

On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications.We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.全面推行“双随机、一公开”，增强事中事后监管的有效性，推进“互联网+政务服务”。

We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board,(2)made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。建立公平竞争审查制度。深化资源税改革。

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.We established a review system to ensure fair competition.We deepened resource tax reforms.完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.放开养老服务市场。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。

We opened up the elderly services market.We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。

We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land reforms.The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.积极扩大对外开放。推进“一带一路”建设，与沿线国家加强战略对接、务实合作。We opened China wider to the rest of the world.As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.人民币正式纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。“深港通”开启。完善促进外贸发展措施，新设12个跨境电子商务综合试验区，进出口逐步回稳。The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched.We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.推广上海等自贸试验区改革创新成果，新设7个自贸试验区。除少数实行准入特别管理措施领域外，外资企业设立及变更一律由审批改为备案管理。实际使用外资1300多亿美元，继续位居发展中国家首位。

The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones.The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process, with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirements apply.In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.四是强化创新引领，新动能快速成长。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略，全面实施《中国制造2025》，落实和完善“双创”政策措施。部署启动面向2030年的科技创新重大项目，支持北京、上海建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，新设6个国家自主创新示范区。We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate.We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&D centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.Notes:(1)This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.(2)The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.全社会研发经费支出与国内生产总值之比达到2.08%。国内有效发明专利拥有量突破100万件，技术交易额超过1万亿元。科技进步贡献率上升到56.2%，创新对发展的支撑作用明显增强。

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percent of GDP.The number of in-force Chinese patents issued in China passed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.五是促进区域城乡协调发展，新的增长极增长带加快形成。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.深入实施“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展三大战略，启动建设一批重点项目。编制西部大开发“十三五”规划，实施新一轮东北振兴战略，推动中部地区崛起，支持东部地区率先发展。

We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives(the Belt and Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period for large-scale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progress in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.加快推进新型城镇化，深化户籍制度改革，全面推行居住证制度，又有1600万人进城落户。发展的协同叠加效应不断显现。

We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas.The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.六是加强生态文明建设，绿色发展取得新进展。Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.制定实施生态文明建设目标评价考核办法，建设国家生态文明试验区。强化大气污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降5.6%和4%，74个重点城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）年均浓度下降9.1%。优化能源结构，清洁能源消费比重提高1.7个百分点，煤炭消费比重下降2个百分点。

We formulated and introduced measures for assessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation.We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxide emissions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a 9.1-percent drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in 74 key cities.We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.推进水污染防治，出台土壤污染防治行动计划。开展中央环境保护督察，严肃查处一批环境违法案件，推动了环保工作深入开展。

We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution.Central government inspections on environmental protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感增强。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.在财政收支压力加大情况下，民生投入继续增加。出台新的就业创业政策，扎实做好重点人群、重点地区就业工作。全面推进脱贫攻坚，全国财政专项扶贫资金投入超过1000亿元。提高低保、优抚、退休人员基本养老金等标准，为1700多万困难和重度残疾人发放生活或护理补贴。Despite growing pressure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards.We launched new policies on employment and business startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.We made all-around progress in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies;and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%。重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数增长21.3%。免除农村贫困家庭学生普通高中学杂费。全年资助各类学校家庭困难学生8400多万人次。

Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP.The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by 21.3 percent.We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools.Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.整合城乡居民基本医保制度，提高财政补助标准。增加基本公共卫生服务经费。实现大病保险全覆盖，符合规定的省内异地就医住院费用可直接结算。The basic health insurance systems for rural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies for the system were increased.More funding was provided for basic public health services.Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved, and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spot when incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where insurance is registered.加强基层公共文化服务。实施全民健身计划，体育健儿在里约奥运会、残奥会上再创佳绩。

We increased public cultural services at the community level.The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.去年部分地区特别是长江流域发生严重洪涝等灾害，通过及时有力开展抢险救灾，紧急转移安置900多万人次，最大限度降低了灾害损失，恢复重建有序进行。

Last year, parts of the country, especially the Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters.We acted quickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9 million people, minimized damage and loss, and made systematic progress with recovery and reconstruction efforts.八是推进政府建设和治理创新，社会保持和谐稳定。

Eighth, we continued to enhance government performance and improve governance, thus ensuring social harmony and stability.国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案13件，制定修订行政法规8件。完善公共决策吸纳民意机制，认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。推进政务公开，省级政府部门权力和责任清单全面公布。

The State Council submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(NPC)for approval and adopted or revised 8 sets of administrative regulations.We improved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on public issues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestions of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We made progress in strengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers and responsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.加大督查问责力度，组织开展第三次国务院大督查，对去产能、民间投资等政策落实情况进行专项督查和第三方评估，严肃查处一些地区违规新建钢铁项目、生产销售“地条钢”等行为。

We intensified accountability inspections.The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out;special inspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation of policies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment;and new steel projects launched in breach of regulations and the production and sale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.加强安全生产工作，事故总量和重特大事故数量继续下降。

We strengthened workplace safety efforts and saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the number of accidents of a serious nature.强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击违法犯罪，有力维护了国家安全和公共安全。We took comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and other violations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.扎实开展“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，坚决纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。

We carried out in earnest activities to enable Party members to gain a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and to meet Party standards.We worked scrupulously to ensure compliance with the Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, took firm action to address formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorously enforced the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending.依法惩处一批腐败分子，反腐败斗争形成压倒性态势。

We punished a number of corrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption has built up irresistible momentum.过去一年，中国特色大国外交卓有成效。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、上海合作组织峰会、金砖国家领导人会晤、核安全峰会、联大系列高级别会议、亚欧首脑会议、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动。成功举办澜沧江－湄公河合作首次领导人会议。

As a major country, China has made outstanding achievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries.They attended major international events, including the 24th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Nuclear Security Summit, high-level meetings of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders meetings on cooperation.We hosted the first-ever Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders Meeting.同主要大国协调合作得到加强，同周边国家全面合作持续推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断深化，同联合国等国际组织联系更加密切。

China’s coordination and cooperation with other major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation with neighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperation with other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UN and other international organizations became closer.积极促进全球治理体系改革与完善。推动《巴黎协定》生效。经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。坚定维护国家领土主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。China was actively involved in reforming and improving the global governance system.We played our part in ensuring that the Paris Agreement was put into force.Economic diplomacy and personal and cultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes.We were resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role in international and regional issues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development.隆重庆祝中国共产党成立95周年，隆重纪念中国工农红军长征胜利80周年，宣示了我们不忘初心、继续前进、战胜一切困难的坚强意志，彰显了全国人民走好新的长征路、不断夺取新胜利的坚定决心！

We celebrated the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding mission of the Party, to keep pressing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showing the firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the new Long March and continue striving for new victories.各位代表！

过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设事业的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！Esteemed Deputies，We owe all the achievements made over the past year to the sound leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to all our people, including public figures from all sectors of society, and to other parties and people’s organizations.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.我们也清醒看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少困难和问题。经济增长内生动力仍需增强，部分行业产能过剩严重，一些企业生产经营困难较多，地区经济走势分化，财政收支矛盾较大，经济金融风险隐患不容忽视。环境污染形势依然严峻，特别是一些地区严重雾霾频发，治理措施需要进一步加强。在住房、教育、医疗、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群众还有不少不满意的地方。煤矿、建筑、交通等领域发生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不到位，涉企收费多、群众办事难等问题仍较突出，行政执法中存在不规范不公正不文明现象，少数干部懒政怠政、推诿扯皮，一些领域腐败问题时有发生。我们一定要直面挑战，敢于担当，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托。

Yet we must not lose sight of the many problems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and social development.The internal forces driving economic growth need to be strengthened.Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries.Some enterprises face difficulties in their production and operations.Economic prospects for different regions are divergent.Fiscal imbalance is becoming great.And potential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.Environmental pollution remains grave, and in particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog.We need to further strengthen our steps to combat pollution.There are also many problems causing public concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drug safety, and income distribution.It is distressing that there were some major accidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.There is still room for improvement in government performance.Some reform policies and measures have not been fully implemented.Excess fees and charges being levied on businesses and difficulties facing individuals who want to access government services remain standout problems.We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforced in a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way.A small number of government employees are lazy and neglectful of their duties or shirk responsibility.Corruption often occurs in some sectors.We must confront these challenges head-on, be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, and do our all to deliver.We must fulfill our historic mission and live up to the great trust placed in us by the Chinese people.二、2017年工作总体部署

今年将召开中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会，是党和国家事业发展中具有重大意义的一年。做好政府工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导下，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻总书记系列重要讲话精神和治国理政新理念新思想新战略，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，牢固树立和贯彻落实新发展理念，适应把握引领经济发展新常态，坚持以提高发展质量和效益为中心，坚持宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的政策思路，坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线，适度扩大总需求，加强预期引导，深化创新驱动，全面做好稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险各项工作，保持经济平稳健康发展和社会和谐稳定，以优异成绩迎接党的十九大胜利召开。Esteemed Deputies, I now wish to discuss with you what the government will do in 2017.This year, the Communist Party of China will hold its 19th National Congress, so it will be a year of great significance for advancing the cause of the Party and our country.To deliver in our work this year, the government will do the following:

— Follow the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core

— Hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics

— Implement fully the guidelines from the 18th National Party Congress and those of the third through sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Party Central Committee

— Take as our guide Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development

— Put into practice the principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major addresses and his new vision, thinking, and strategies for China’s governance — Promote balanced economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and coordinated implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(1)

— Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progress while keeping performance stable

— Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the new development philosophy

— Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal in economic development

— Give central importance to improving the quality and returns of development — Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policy delivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met — Focus on supply-side structural reform — Expand aggregate demand as appropriate — Do better in guiding expectations

— Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

— Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

— Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability

These efforts should enable us to pave the way for the 19th National Party Congress with outstanding achievements.综合分析国内外形势，我们要做好应对更加复杂严峻局面的充分准备。世界经济增长低迷态势仍在延续，“逆全球化”思潮和保护主义倾向抬头，主要经济体政策走向及外溢效应变数较大，不稳定不确定因素明显增加。我国发展处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段，经济运行存在不少突出矛盾和问题。困难不容低估，信心不可动摇。我国物质基础雄厚、人力资源充裕、市场规模庞大、产业配套齐全、科技进步加快、基础设施比较完善，经济发展具有良好支撑条件，宏观调控还有不少创新手段和政策储备。我们坚信，有党的坚强领导，坚持党的基本路线，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，依靠人民群众的无穷创造力，万众一心、奋力拼搏，我国发展一定能够创造新的辉煌。

The developments both in and outside of China require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations.World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing.There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing.China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are many salient challenges and problems in the economy.The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome.China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries.It is making faster scientific and technological progress, and has a complete range of infrastructure.We have good conditions for sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policy options for conducting macroeconomic regulation.We should follow the leadership of the Party, uphold the Party’s fundamental political guidelines, and keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics;we should rely on the inexhaustible creativity of the people, unite as one, and forge ahead.It is our firm belief that by doing this, we will make great new achievements in China’s development.今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内；进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡；居民收入和经济增长基本同步；单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量继续下降。

Based on the above considerations, we have set the following key projected targets for development this year:

— GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if possible in practice — CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

— Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

— A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance in international payments

— Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth — A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

今年的经济增长预期目标，符合经济规律和客观实际，有利于引导和稳定预期、调整结构，也同全面建成小康社会要求相衔接。稳增长的重要目的是为了保就业、惠民生。今年就业压力加大，要坚持就业优先战略，实施更加积极的就业政策。城镇新增就业预期目标比去年多100万人，突出了更加重视就业的导向。从经济基本面和就业吸纳能力看，这一目标通过努力是能够实现的。

The projected target for this year’s growth is realistic and in keeping with economic principles;it will help steer and steady expectations and make structural adjustments;and it will help achieve the goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.An important reason for stressing the need to maintain stable growth is to ensure employment and improve people’s lives.As employment pressure grows this year, we will continue to give top priority to creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy.This year’s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underlining the greater importance we are attaching to employment.Considering our sound economic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hard work, this target is attainable.Note:(1)This refers to making comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-governance.今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控，提高预见性、精准性和有效性，注重消费、投资、区域、产业、环保等政策的协调配合，确保经济运行在合理区间。

This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.On the basis of conducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on targeted and well-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectiveness of our regulation.We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.财政政策要更加积极有效。今年赤字率拟按3%安排，财政赤字2.38万亿元，比去年增加2000亿元。其中，中央财政赤字1.55万亿元，地方财政赤字8300亿元。安排地方专项债券8000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。今年赤字率保持不变，主要是为了进一步减税降费，全年再减少企业税负3500亿元左右、涉企收费约2000亿元，一定要让市场主体有切身感受。

We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy.This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3 percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan.To break this down, the projected deficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projected deficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan.Local government special bonds to be issued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds will continue to be issued to replace their outstanding debt.The main reason for keeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for further reductions in taxes and fees.Over the course of the year, the tax burden on businesses will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and business related fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit market entities.财政预算安排要突出重点、有保有压，加大力度补短板、惠民生。对地方一般性转移支付规模增长9.5%，重点增加均衡性转移支付和困难地区财力补助。压缩非重点支出，减少对绩效不高项目的预算安排。

Government budgets should highlight priorities;spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cuts should be made;and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakness and improve living standards.General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and stepping up subsidies for regions facing economic difficulties.We will scale down non-priority spending and cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.各级政府要坚持过紧日子，中央部门要带头，一律按不低于5%的幅度压减一般性支出，决不允许增加“三公”经费，挤出更多资金用于减税降费，坚守节用裕民的正道。

Governments at all levels should tighten their belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cutting no less than 5 percent of their general expenditures.No increase in spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality is permitted;and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees.We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.货币政策要保持稳健中性。今年广义货币M2和社会融资规模余额预期增长均为12%左右。要综合运用货币政策工具，维护流动性基本稳定，合理引导市场利率水平，疏通传导机制，促进金融资源更多流向实体经济，特别是支持“三农”和小微企业。坚持汇率市场化改革方向，保持人民币在全球货币体系中的稳定地位。We will continue to pursue a prudent and neutral monetary policy.The M2 money supply and aggregate financing are forecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017.We will apply a full range of monetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see that market interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.We will encourage a greater flow of financial resources into the real economy, particularly in support of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businesses.The RMB exchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable position in the global monetary system will be maintained.做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下几点。

To deliver a good performance this year, we in government should stick to the following guidelines:

一是贯彻稳中求进工作总基调，保持战略定力。稳是大局，要着力稳增长、保就业、防风险，守住金融安全、民生保障、环境保护等方面的底线，确保经济社会大局稳定。在稳的前提下要勇于进取，深入推进改革，加快结构调整，敢于啃“硬骨头”，努力在关键领域取得新进展。

First, we should make progress while maintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus.Stability is of overriding importance.We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, and prevent risks.To ensure overall economic and social stability we must not allow the redline to be crossed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, or environmental protection.We should, while maintaining stable performance, endeavor to make progress, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments, be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progress in key areas.二是坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线。必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向，通过简政减税、放宽准入、鼓励创新，持续激发微观主体活力，减少无效低效供给、扩大有效供给，更好适应和引导需求。这是一个化蛹成蝶的转型升级过程，既充满希望又伴随阵痛，既非常紧迫又艰巨复杂。要勇往直前，坚决闯过这个关口。

Second, we should focus on supply-side structural reform.We must give priority to improving supply-side structure.We should streamline administration, reduce taxes, further expand market access, and encourage innovation;and we should keep micro entities energized, reduce ineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to and guide demand.Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this process of transformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied by great pain;it is urgent, formidable, and complicated.We should press forward with courage and get the job done.三是适度扩大总需求并提高有效性。我国内需潜力巨大，扩内需既有必要也有可能，关键是找准发力点。要围绕改善民生来扩大消费，着眼补短板、增后劲来增加投资，使扩内需更加有效、更可持续，使供给侧改革和需求侧管理相辅相成、相得益彰。

Third, we should expand aggregate demand as appropriate and improve its efficacy.China’s potential domestic demand is enormous, and it is both necessary and possible for domestic demand to be expanded.The key is to know where to start.We need to increase consumer spending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas of weakness and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demand becomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-side regulation reinforce each other.四是依靠创新推动新旧动能转换和结构优化升级。我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。我们拥有世界上数量最多、素质较高的劳动力，有最大规模的科技和专业技能人才队伍，蕴藏着巨大的创新潜能。要坚持以改革开放为动力、以人力人才资源为支撑，加快创新发展，培育壮大新动能、改造提升传统动能，提高全要素生产率，推动经济保持中高速增长、产业迈向中高端水平。Fourth, we should rely on innovation to replace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvement and upgrading.Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation.We have the largest quality workforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers, and professionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fully tap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quickly to pursue innovation-driven development.We should foster and develop new growth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers, and increase total factor productivity.These steps will enable China’s economy to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move toward the medium-high end.五是着力解决人民群众普遍关心的突出问题。政府的一切工作都是为了人民，要践行以人民为中心的发展思想，把握好我国处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情。对群众反映强烈、期待迫切的问题，有条件的要抓紧解决，把好事办好；一时难以解决的，要努力创造条件逐步加以解决。我们要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒为群众办实事、解难事，促进社会公平正义，把发展硬道理更多体现在增进人民福祉上。

Fifth, we should solve prominent problems of public concern.All government work is for the people.We should keep in mind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue a people focused development philosophy.Where conditions permit, we will lose no time in solving problems about which the people have great concern and which demand speedy resolution.When problems cannot be solved for the time being, we will work to resolve them over time.We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.三、2017年重点工作任务

I now wish to discuss our major areas of work for 2017.面对今年艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们要通观全局、统筹兼顾，突出重点、把握关键，正确处理好各方面关系，着重抓好以下几个方面工作。Confronted with the formidable tasks of reform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities and focus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors.We should give priority to the following areas of work.（一）用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。要在巩固成果基础上，针对新情况新问题，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1.Pushing ahead with the five priority tasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidating and building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures in light of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progress.扎实有效去产能。今年要再压减钢铁产能5000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。同时，要淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，优化能源结构，为清洁能源发展腾空间。要严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准，更多运用市场化法治化手段，有效处置“僵尸企业”，推动企业兼并重组、破产清算，坚决淘汰不达标的落后产能，严控过剩行业新上产能。Take solid and effective steps to cut overcapacity

This year, we will further reduce steel production capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150 million metric tons of coal production facilities.At the same time, we will suspend or postpone construction on or eliminate no less than 50 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against and defuse the risks of overcapacity in coal-fired power, improve the efficiency of this sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy to develop.We will strictly enforce all laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety and make more use of market-and law-based methods as we work to address the problems of “zombie enterprises,” encourage enterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down all outdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, and stringently control the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddled with overcapacity.去产能必须安置好职工，中央财政专项奖补资金要及时拨付，地方和企业要落实相关资金与措施，确保分流职工就业有出路、生活有保障。

As overcapacity is cut, we must provide assistance to laid-off workers.Central government special funds for rewards and subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments and enterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure that laid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.因城施策去库存。目前三四线城市房地产库存仍然较多，要支持居民自住和进城人员购房需求。

Take targeted policies to cut excess urban real estate inventory

At present, there is still excess supply in the real estate markets of third-and fourth-tier cities.We will support both local and new residents in buying homes for personal use.坚持住房的居住属性，落实地方政府主体责任，加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，健全购租并举的住房制度，以市场为主满足多层次需求，以政府为主提供基本保障。加强房地产市场分类调控，房价上涨压力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，规范开发、销售、中介等行为，遏制热点城市房价过快上涨。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility in this respect.We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector and build a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basic housing support provided by the government.We will take more category-based and targeted steps to regulate the real estate market.Cities that are under big pressure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate the supply of land for residential use.We should better regulate housing development, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices from rising too quickly in popular cities.目前城镇还有几千万人居住在条件简陋的棚户区，要持续进行改造。今年再完成棚户区住房改造600万套，继续发展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多种方式提高货币化安置比例，加强配套设施建设和公共服务，让更多住房困难家庭告别棚户区，让广大人民群众在住有所居中创造新生活。

Today several dozen million people still live in rundown areas in cities and towns.We must continue housing renovations in these areas.This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units in these areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms of government-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and use multiple means to increase the use of monetary compensation for those affected by such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services.With these efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bid farewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads our people move on to better lives.积极稳妥去杠杆。我国非金融企业杠杆率较高，这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下，把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。促进企业盘活存量资产，推进资产证券化，支持市场化法治化债转股，发展多层次资本市场，加大股权融资力度，强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束，逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。

Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way

There is high leverage in nonfinancial Chinese firms.This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit.While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.We need to see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with securitization of corporate assets, support market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.多措并举降成本。扩大小微企业享受减半征收所得税优惠的范围，年应纳税所得额上限由30万元提高到50万元；科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百计使结构性减税力度和效应进一步显现。名目繁多的收费使许多企业不堪重负，要大幅降低非税负担。Take multiple measures to cut costs

More small businesses with low profits will enjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annual income raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan.For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional tax reduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.We will do all we can to see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results.The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on many businesses;we are going to slash non-tax burdens.一是全面清理规范政府性基金，取消城市公用事业附加等基金，授权地方政府自主减免部分基金。二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事业性收费35项，收费项目再减少一半以上，保留的项目要尽可能降低收费标准。各地也要削减涉企行政事业性收费。

First, we will completely overhaul government-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, and authorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.Second, we will abolish or suspend 35 administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, again cutting the number of charges by more than half;and then reduce as far as possible those that still apply.Local governments also need to make significant cuts to government administrative fees.三是减少政府定价的涉企经营性收费，清理取消行政审批中介服务违规收费，推动降低金融、铁路货运等领域涉企经营性收费，加强对市场调节类经营服务性收费的监管。

Third, we will reduce government-set operating fees for businesses.Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries for government review and approval will be overhauled or abolished.We will work toward lower operating fees levied on businesses in the finance and railway freight sectors.We will strengthen oversight over the collection of market-set service fees.四是继续适当降低“五险一金”有关缴费比例。五是通过深化改革、完善政策，降低企业制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。各有关部门和单位都要舍小利顾大义，使企业轻装上阵，创造条件形成我国竞争新优势。

Fourth, we will continue to lower as appropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improve policies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses and lower their energy and logistics costs.All government departments and agencies concerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead of their narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden on enterprises, and help them develop new advantages over international competition.精准加力补短板。要针对严重制约经济社会发展和民生改善的突出问题，结合实施“十三五”规划确定的重大项目，加大补短板力度，加快提升公共服务、基础设施、创新发展、资源环境等支撑能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures to strengthen areas of weakness We need to focus on salient problems that are holding back economic and social development and making it difficult to improve people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts to undertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts to strengthen areas of weakness.We should act faster to raise the capacity of public services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resources and the environment to sustain development.贫困地区和贫困人口是全面建成小康社会最大的短板。要深入实施精准扶贫精准脱贫，今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁340万人。中央财政专项扶贫资金增长30%以上。加强集中连片特困地区、革命老区、边疆和民族地区开发，改善基础设施和公共服务，推动特色产业发展、劳务输出、教育和健康扶贫，做好因病等致贫返贫群众帮扶，实施贫困村整体提升工程，增强贫困地区和贫困群众自我发展能力。Poor areas and people living in poverty represent the area of greatest weakness we must face as we work to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We need to do more in implementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination measures.This year we will further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10 million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas.Central government funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30 percent.We need to step up development in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, old revolutionary bases, border areas, and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.For this we should focus on the following work: improving infrastructure and public services;fostering poverty alleviation through distinctive local businesses, the domestic and overseas export of labor, and improving education and health care;providing assistance to people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illness;implementing the program for improving life in poor villages;and building the self-development capacity of poor areas and people.推进贫困县涉农资金整合，强化资金和项目监管。创新扶贫协作机制，支持和引导社会力量参与扶贫。切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。In poor counties, different rural development funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will be strengthened.We will develop new mechanisms for coordinating poverty reduction efforts.We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combating poverty.The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations and assessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work.We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.（二）深化重要领域和关键环节改革。要全面深化各领域改革，加快推进基础性、关键性改革，增强内生发展动力。

2.Deepening reform in major sectors and key links Full reform will be deepened in all areas.We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost the internal forces driving development.持续推进政府职能转变。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，必须深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。这是政府自身的一场深刻革命，要继续以壮士断腕的勇气，坚决披荆斩棘向前推进。We will continue to transform government functions.To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service.This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.全面实行清单管理制度，制定国务院部门权力和责任清单，加快扩大市场准入负面清单试点，减少政府的自由裁量权，增加市场的自主选择权。清理取消一批生产和服务许可证。深化商事制度改革，实行多证合一，扩大“证照分离”改革试点。完善事中事后监管制度，实现“双随机、一公开”监管全覆盖，推进综合行政执法。加快国务院部门和地方政府信息系统互联互通，形成全国统一政务服务平台。We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course.We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities.We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, merge different forms of certification required of businesses into one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all business activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement.We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.继续推进财税体制改革。落实和完善全面推开营改增政策。简化增值税税率结构，今年由四档税率简并至三档，营造简洁透明、更加公平的税收环境，进一步减轻企业税收负担。加快推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，制定收入划分总体方案，健全地方税体系，规范地方政府举债行为。深入推进政府预决算公开，倒逼沉淀资金盘活，提高资金使用效率，每一笔钱都要花在明处、用出实效。We will continue to reform fiscal and tax systems.We will implement and improve policies on replacing business tax with VAT across the board.We will simplify the structure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax brackets into three.We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environment and further ease the tax burden of our firms.We will move faster to advance the reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overall plan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local tax system, and better regulate local government debt financing.We will step up efforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent to create pressure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use.We must use funds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can be seen and produces results.抓好金融体制改革。促进金融机构突出主业、下沉重心，增强服务实体经济能力，坚决防止脱实向虚。

We will advance reforms in the financial sector.We will prompt financial institutions to focus on their main business and make their services accessible to small and micro businesses, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, and resolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.鼓励大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，国有大型银行要率先做到，实行差别化考核评价办法和支持政策，有效缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题。发挥好政策性开发性金融作用。推进农村信用社改革，强化服务“三农”功能。We will encourage large and medium commercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments.Large state-owned banks should take the lead in this effort.We will adopt differentiated assessment and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectively address the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to access loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.We will make good use of policy-backed and development-oriented finance.We will move forward with the reform of rural credit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化多层次资本市场改革，完善主板市场基础性制度，积极发展创业板、新三板，规范发展区域性股权市场。拓宽保险资金支持实体经济渠道。大力发展绿色金融。推动融资租赁业健康发展。

We will deepen the reform of the multi-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board, actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see that regional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way.We will expand channels for using insurance funds to support the real economy.We will make major efforts to develop green finance.We will give impetus to the sound development of the financial leasing industry.当前系统性风险总体可控，但对不良资产、债券违约、影子银行、互联网金融等累积风险要高度警惕。积极稳妥推进金融监管体制改革，有序化解处置突出风险点，整顿规范金融秩序，筑牢金融风险“防火墙”。

At present, overall, systemic risks are under control.But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, including risks related to non-performing assets, bond defaults, shadow banking, and Internet finance.We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform of the financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potential risks.We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewall against financial risks.我国经济基本面好，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率比较高，可动用的工具和手段多。对守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，我们有信心和底气、有能力和办法。

The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial banks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used.We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.深入推进国企国资改革。要以提高核心竞争力和资源配置效率为目标，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理结构、灵活高效的市场化经营机制。今年要基本完成公司制改革。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and state capital.We should develop a corporate governance structure(represented by legal person)that is under effective check and a flexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasing core competitiveness and making resource allocation more effective.This year we will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs.We will deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantive progress in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.深化混合所有制改革，在电力、石油、天然气、铁路、民航、电信、军工等领域迈出实质性步伐。抓好电力和石油天然气体制改革，开放竞争性业务。持续推进国有企业瘦身健体、提质增效，抓紧剥离办社会职能，解决历史遗留问题。推进国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点。改善和加强国有资产监管，确保资产保值增值，把人民的共同财富切实守护好、发展好。

We will advance structural reform in the power, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the private sector.We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better;and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues.We will make progress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies.We will improve and strengthen regulation of state assets, and ensure that state assets maintain and increase their value, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is well protected and grows.更好激发非公有制经济活力。深入落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施。积极构建新型政商关系。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革。坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，进一步放宽非公有制经济市场准入。凡法律法规未明确禁入的行业和领域，都要允许各类市场主体平等进入；凡向外资开放的行业和领域，都要向民间资本开放；凡影响市场公平竞争的不合理行为，都要坚决制止。We will do more to energize the non-public sector.We will thoroughly implement the policies and measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector.We will work actively to develop a new relationship between government and business.We will encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms.We must ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expand market access to the non-public sector.All industries and sectors for which entry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or regulations should be open to different types of market entities;all industries and sectors that are open to overseas investment should be open to Chinese private capital;and all unjustified activities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.加强产权保护制度建设。保护产权就是保护劳动、保护发明创造、保护和发展生产力。要加快完善产权保护制度，依法保障各种所有制经济组织和公民财产权，激励人们创业创新创富，激发和保护企业家精神，使企业家安心经营、放心投资。对于侵害企业和公民产权的行为，必须严肃查处、有错必纠。We will improve the property rights protection system.Protecting property rights means protecting labor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developing productive forces.We will work faster to improve the property rights protection system and protect in accordance with law the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights of citizens.We will encourage people to start businesses, make innovations, and create wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensure that entrepreneurs can run their businesses and make investments with peace of mind.Activities that infringe on the property rights of businesses and citizens must be investigated and dealt with severely;anything that has been done wrong must be corrected.大力推进社会体制改革。

We will make a big push for progress in the reform of the social system.We will deepen reforms in support of change in the income distribution system.We will take steady steps to advance reform of the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital to enlarge social security funds.We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry.We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment.We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector, and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.深化收入分配制度配套改革。稳步推动养老保险制度改革，划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。全面推开公立医院综合改革，全部取消药品加成，协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付方式等改革。深入推进教育、文化和事业单位等改革，把社会领域的巨大发展潜力充分释放出来。

深化生态文明体制改革。完善主体功能区制度和生态补偿机制，建立资源环境监测预警机制，开展健全国家自然资源资产管理体制试点，出台国家公园体制总体方案，为生态文明建设提供有力制度保障。

We will deepen institutional reform to build a sound ecological environment.We will improve the functional zoning system and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts;we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warning mechanisms;we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource assets management system;and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing a national parks system.All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.（三）进一步释放国内需求潜力。推动供给结构和需求结构相适应、消费升级和有效投资相促进、区域城乡发展相协调，增强内需对经济增长的持久拉动作用。3.Doing more to unleash the potential of domestic demand

We will push to see that the composition of supply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and that consumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other;we will promote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas;and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.促进消费稳定增长。适应消费需求变化，完善政策措施，改善消费环境。一要加快发展服务消费。开展新一轮服务业综合改革试点，支持社会力量提供教育、文化、养老、医疗等服务。推动服务业模式创新和跨界融合，发展医养结合、文化创意等新兴消费。落实带薪休假制度，完善旅游设施和服务，大力发展乡村、休闲、全域旅游。扩大数字家庭、在线教育等信息消费。促进电商、快递进社区进农村，推动实体店销售和网购融合发展。

We will promote a steady increase in consumer spending.We need to adapt to changes in consumer demand, improve our policies and measures, and create a better consumer environment.First, we need to speed up the development of service consumption.We will launch a new round of trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector, and support the non-governmental sector in providing educational, cultural, elderly care, healthcare, and other services.We will encourage development of new service models and cross-sectoral integration, combined medical and elderly care services, cultural and creative services, and other emerging forms of consumption.We will ensure paid vacations are enforced, improve tourist facilities and services, and make a big push to develop rural tourism, recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.We will increase information consumption including digital homes and online learning.We will see that communities and rural areas have better access to e-commerce and express delivery services, and encourage the integrated development of physical store sales and online shopping.二要增加高品质产品消费。引导企业增品种、提品质、创品牌，扩大内外销产品“同线同标同质”实施范围，更好满足消费升级需求。三要整顿和规范市场秩序。严肃查处假冒伪劣、虚假广告、价格欺诈等行为，加强消费者权益保护，让群众花钱消费少烦心、多舒心。

Second, we need to boost consumption of quality products.We will guide enterprises in increasing the variety of products, raising their quality, and building the brands of their products.More products sold domestically should be produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and be of the same quality as products for export in order to better satisfy the needs of upgrading consumption.Third, we need to ensure order in the market.We will be strict about investigating and punishing the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, false advertising, and price fraud.We will strengthen the protection of consumer rights;and we will make sure that spending is an enjoyable rather than a disappointing experience for consumers.积极扩大有效投资。引导资金更多投向补短板、调结构、促创新、惠民生的领域。今年要完成铁路建设投资8000亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元，再开工15项重大水利工程，继续加强轨道交通、民用和通用航空、电信基础设施等重大项目建设。中央预算内投资安排5076亿元。落实和完善促进民间投资的政策措施。深化政府和社会资本合作，完善相关价格、税费等优惠政策，政府要带头讲诚信，决不能随意改变约定，决不能“新官不理旧账”。

We will work proactively to expand effective investment.We will guide more investment into fields that will help to strengthen weak areas, drive structural adjustment, encourage innovation, and improve people’s lives.This year, we will invest 800 billion yuan in railway construction and 1.8 trillion yuan in highway and waterway projects.Construction on another 15 major water conservancy projects will begin;and work on major rail transport, civil and general aviation, and telecommunications infrastructure projects will be sped up.A total of 507.6 billion yuan of investment has been included in the central government budget this year.We will implement and improve policies and measures for encouraging private investment.We will continue to promote public-private partnerships, and improve related policies on preferential pricing, tax, and fee arrangements.Government must take the lead in acting in good faith and must never arbitrarily change agreements, and new officials must not disavow obligations undertaken by their predecessors.优化区域发展格局。统筹推进三大战略和“四大板块”发展，实施好相关规划，研究制定新举措。推动国家级新区、开发区、产业园区等创新发展。支持资源枯竭、生态严重退化等地区经济转型发展。优化空域资源配置。推进海洋经济示范区建设，加快建设海洋强国，坚决维护国家海洋权益。We will improve planning for regional development.We will coordinate the launching of three strategic initiatives and the development of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.We will ensure related plans are well implemented and explore and adopt new measures.We will boost the development of national-level new areas, development zones, and industrial parks through innovation.We will support the economic transformation and development of areas hurt by resource depletion and severe ecological degradation.Airspace resources will be better allocated.We will speed up the development of maritime economy demonstration zones, we will move faster to develop China into a strong maritime country, and we will be resolute in safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests.扎实推进新型城镇化。深化户籍制度改革，今年实现进城落户1300万人以上，加快居住证制度全覆盖。支持中小城市和特色小城镇发展，推动一批具备条件的县和特大镇有序设市，发挥城市群辐射带动作用。

We will take solid steps to pursue a new type of urbanization.We will deepen the reform of the household registration system.This year, at least 13 million new urban residents will be registered as permanent urban residents.We will speed up work to introduce the urban residence card system nationwide.We will support the development of small and medium cities and small towns with distinctive local features.We will help a number of counties and very large towns that meet the criteria to steadily develop into cities, and we will make city clusters better play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.促进“多规合一”，提升城市规划设计水平。推进建筑业改革发展，提高工程质量。统筹城市地上地下建设，加强城市地质调查，再开工建设城市地下综合管廊2000公里以上，启动消除城区重点易涝区段三年行动，推进海绵城市建设，有效治理交通拥堵等“城市病”，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。

We will encourage local governments to integrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard of municipal planning and design.We will take more steps to reform and develop the construction industry, and improve the quality of construction projects.We will promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground, strengthen geological surveying, and begin construction on at least another 2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities.A three-year initiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerable urban areas, further progress will be made in the development of sponge cities, and effective steps will be taken to address traffic congestion and other urban maladies.All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.（四）以创新引领实体经济转型升级。实体经济从来都是我国发展的根基，当务之急是加快转型升级。要深入实施创新驱动发展战略，推动实体经济优化结构，不断提高质量、效益和竞争力。

4.Transforming and upgrading the real economy through innovation The real economy has always been the foundation of China’s development;the task we now face is to speed up its transformation and upgrading.We will do more to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, upgrade the structure of the real economy, and improve its performance and competitiveness.提升科技创新能力。完善对基础研究和原创性研究的长期稳定支持机制，建设国家重大科技基础设施和技术创新中心，打造科技资源开放共享平台。推进全面创新改革试验。改革科技评价制度。切实落实高校和科研院所自主权，落实股权期权和分红等激励政策，落实科研经费和项目管理制度改革，让科研人员不再为杂事琐事分心劳神。

We will strengthen our capability for making technological innovations.We will improve mechanisms for providing continued long-term support for fundamental research and original research, build major national infrastructure projects for science and technology and set up technological innovation hubs, and establish platforms for sharing R&D resources.We will continue piloting reforms for all-around innovation.We will reform the system for assessing scientific and technological achievements.We will see our universities and research institutes truly operate with autonomy, ensure that incentive policies like stocks, options, and dividends are implemented, and implement the reform of the systems for managing research funding and projects.These steps should keep our scientists and engineers from being distracted and allow them to focus on their research.开展知识产权综合管理改革试点，完善知识产权创造、保护和运用体系。深化人才发展体制改革，实施更加有效的人才引进政策，广聚天下英才，充分激发科研人员积极性，定能成就创新大业。

We will begin piloting reforms to conduct integrated management of intellectual property rights and improve the system for creating, protecting, and applying intellectual property rights.We will deepen reform of China’s systems for cultivating talent and introduce more effective policies for bringing in talent from overseas.By welcoming the world’s brightest minds to China and fully motivating our scientists and engineers, we will use innovation to accomplish great things.加快培育壮大新兴产业。全面实施战略性新兴产业发展规划，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成电路、生物制药、第五代移动通信等技术研发和转化，做大做强产业集群。支持和引导分享经济发展，提高社会资源利用效率，便利人民群众生活。本着鼓励创新、包容审慎原则，制定新兴产业监管规则，引导和促进新兴产业健康发展。深化统计管理体制改革，健全新兴产业统计。We will accelerate the development of emerging industries.We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.We will continue to support and guide the development of the sharing economy to enable greater efficiency in the use of resources and bring greater convenience to our people.We will formulate regulatory rules for emerging industries in keeping with the principle of encouraging innovation and conducting regulation in a tolerant and prudent way, and guide and promote the healthy development of emerging industries.We will deepen reform of the statistics management system and improve statistics on emerging industries.在互联网时代，各领域发展都需要速度更快、成本更低、安全性更高的信息网络。今年网络提速降费要迈出更大步伐，年内全部取消手机国内长途和漫游费，大幅降低中小企业互联网专线接入资费，降低国际长途电话费，推动“互联网+”深入发展、促进数字经济加快成长，让企业广泛受益、群众普遍受惠。

In the age of the Internet, faster, safer, and more cost-effective information networks are crucial to the development of every sector.This year, we will do more to increase broadband speed and lower rates for Internet services.Mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distance calls will be cancelled;rates for broadband services for small and medium enterprises will be slashed;and rates for international calls will be lowered.We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speed up the development of the digital economy.I am confident that all these steps will benefit both businesses and our people.大力改造提升传统产业。深入实施《中国制造2025》，加快大数据、云计算、物联网应用，以新技术新业态新模式，推动传统产业生产、管理和营销模式变革。We will endeavor to transform and upgrade traditional industries.We will intensify efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 initiative, promote accelerated application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and use new technologies, new forms of business, and new models to bring about transformation in the production, management, and marketing models of traditional industries.把发展智能制造作为主攻方向，推进国家智能制造示范区、制造业创新中心建设，深入实施工业强基、重大装备专项工程，大力发展先进制造业，推动中国制造向中高端迈进。完善制造强国建设政策体系，以多种方式支持技术改造，促进传统产业焕发新的蓬勃生机。

With the development of smart manufacturing as our focus, we will press ahead with building national smart manufacturing demonstration zones and manufacturing innovation centers.We will work hard on the implementation of projects to build a robust foundation for industrial development and projects to develop and make major equipment, and we will make a big push to develop advanced manufacturing, thus moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing.We will improve policies designed to turn China into a manufacturer of quality, and we will adopt a variety of supportive measures for technological upgrading and re-energize traditional industries.持续推进大众创业、万众创新。“双创”是以创业创新带动就业的有效方式，是推动新旧动能转换和经济结构升级的重要力量，是促进机会公平和社会纵向流动的现实渠道，要不断引向深入。

We will continue to encourage people to start businesses and make innovations.Our policy of encouraging people to start businesses and innovate is an effective way of creating jobs through business startups and innovation;it is an important source of strength that fosters new growth drivers to replace old ones and that upgrades the economic structure;and it is an effective channel for promoting equal opportunity and facilitating vertical social mobility.We must keep on pushing hard with this policy.新建一批“双创”示范基地，鼓励大企业和科研院所、高校设立专业化众创空间，加强对创新型中小微企业支持，打造面向大众的“双创”全程服务体系，使各类主体各展其长、线上线下良性互动，使小企业铺天盖地、大企业顶天立地，市场活力和社会创造力竞相迸发。

We will establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers;we will encourage large enterprises, research institutes, and universities to establish specialized spaces for crowd innovation;we will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and micro businesses;and we will develop a full range of services that are accessible to the general public for the entire business startup and innovation process.All this should help entities to fully exploit their own strengths and interact both on-and off-line, and see small enterprises burgeoning nationwide, large enterprises growing mighty, and market dynamism and social creativity being fully unleashed.全面提升质量水平。广泛开展质量提升行动，加强全面质量管理，夯实质量技术基础，强化质量监督，健全优胜劣汰质量竞争机制。质量之魂，存于匠心。要大力弘扬工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪尽职业操守，崇尚精益求精，完善激励机制，培育众多“中国工匠”，打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”，推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。

We will take comprehensive steps to improve product quality.We will take a broad range of actions to raise quality, strengthening all-around quality management, building firm technological foundations for product quality, tightening quality oversight, and improving the competitive mechanism that links a firm’s fate in business to the quality of its products.Quality is born of workmanship.We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong work ethic and tirelessly seek improvement.We will refine our incentive mechanisms and see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy international recognition.We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.（五）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革，完善强农惠农政策，拓展农民就业增收渠道，保障国家粮食安全，推动农业现代化与新型城镇化互促共进，加快培育农业农村发展新动能。

5.Promoting steady development of agriculture and continued increases in rural incomes

We will do more to advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture, improve policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, and create more channels for rural residents to find employment and increase their incomes.We will ensure China’s food security, see that agricultural modernization and new urbanization reinforce each other, and speed up efforts to foster new drivers powering agricultural and rural development.推进农业结构调整。引导农民根据市场需求发展生产，增加优质绿色农产品供给，扩大优质水稻、小麦生产，适度调减玉米种植面积，粮改饲试点面积扩大到1000万亩以上。鼓励多渠道消化玉米库存。支持主产区发展农产品精深加工，发展观光农业、休闲农业，拓展产业链价值链，打造农村一二三产业融合发展新格局。We will push forward with structural adjustment in agriculture.We will guide farmers in responding to market demand, increasing the supply of quality green agricultural products and the production of quality rice and wheat, and making appropriate reductions to the amount of land devoted to growing corn.We will expand trials to replace grain crop with feed crop cultivation to cover over 667,000 hectares.We will encourage the use of multiple channels to reduce excess stockpiles of corn.We will support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive processing of agricultural products, develop farm-based recreation or agritourism, extend industry chains and value chains, and step up the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas.加强现代农业建设。加快推进农产品标准化生产、品牌创建和保护，打造粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区、特色农产品优势区和现代农业产业园。推进土地整治，大力改造中低产田，推广旱作技术，新增高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩。加强耕地保护，改进占补平衡。

We will boost the development of modern agriculture.We will work faster to see due standards are followed in agricultural production, and promote the development and protection of brand name agricultural products.We will create functional zones for grain production, major agricultural product protection areas, areas for growing quality and distinctively local agricultural products, and modern agriculture industrial parks.We will continue to improve rural land, upgrade low-and medium-yield cropland, and spread dry-farming techniques, adding 1.33 million hectares of farmland under highly water-efficient irrigation.We will strengthen the protection of cultivated land and improve work to offset cultivated land used for other purposes.发展多种形式适度规模经营，是中国特色农业现代化的必由之路，离不开农业保险有力保障。今年在13个粮食主产省选择部分县市，对适度规模经营农户实施大灾保险，调整部分财政救灾资金予以支持，提高保险覆盖面和理赔标准，完善农业再保险体系，以持续稳健的农业保险助力现代农业发展。

Developing appropriately scaled, diversified farming operations is vital for Chinese-style agricultural modernization, and these operations need to be covered by agricultural insurance.This year, in selected counties and county-level cities in 13 major grain-producing provinces, we will provide catastrophe insurance for farmers engaging in appropriately scaled farming operations.We will channel a portion of budgetary disaster relief funds into this initiative and expand the coverage and raise the benefits of the insurance scheme.We will improve the agricultural reinsurance system.We wish to use sustainable and sound agricultural insurance schemes to drive the development of modern agriculture.深化农村改革。稳步推进农村集体产权制度改革，深化农村土地制度改革试点，赋予农民更多财产权利。完善粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度，推进农业水价综合改革。深化集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦、供销社等改革。加强农村基层组织建设。健全农村“双创”促进机制，培养更多新型职业农民，支持农民工返乡创业，进一步采取措施鼓励高校毕业生、退役军人、科技人员到农村施展才华。

We will deepen rural reforms.We will take steady steps to reform the rural collective property rights system and deepen the pilot reform of the rural land system to see our farmers are granted more property rights.We will improve pricing mechanisms for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture.We will deepen reforms related to collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state-owned farms, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.We will strengthen the development of rural community-level organizations.We will improve the mechanisms for encouraging business startups and innovation in rural areas, train more professional farmers of new kinds, support migrant workers in starting businesses in their hometowns and villages, and take further measures to encourage college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and scientists and engineers to work in rural areas.加强农村公共设施建设。新建改建农村公路20万公里。实现农村稳定可靠供电服务和平原地区机井通电全覆盖。完成3万个行政村通光纤。提高农村饮水安全供水保证率。加大农村危房改造力度。深入推进农村人居环境整治，建设既有现代文明、又具田园风光的美丽乡村。We will step up the development of public facilities in rural areas.A total of 200,000 kilometers of roads will be upgraded or built in rural areas.We will see that all rural areas have a steady and reliable supply of power and that all electric pumpsets on rural flatlands are connected.Fiber-optic broadband will be extended to 30,000 administrative villages.We will increase water supply to better ensure access to safe drinking water.We will intensify efforts to renovate dilapidated houses and improve rural living environments.Our goal is to develop rural China into a place where people can enjoy both the beauty of the countryside and the conveniences of modern living.（六）积极主动扩大对外开放。面对国际环境新变化和国内发展新要求，要进一步完善对外开放战略布局，加快构建开放型经济新体制，推动更深层次更高水平的对外开放。

6.Actively expanding China’s opening up to the world

Faced with new changes in the international environment and the new requirements of China’s development, we need to further refine our strategic plan for opening up, work faster to build new systems for an open economy, and drive China toward both deeper and higher level opening up.扎实推进“一带一路”建设。坚持共商共建共享，加快陆上经济走廊和海上合作支点建设，构建沿线大通关合作机制。深化国际产能合作，带动我国装备、技术、标准、服务走出去，实现优势互补。加强教育、科技、文化、卫生、旅游等人文交流合作。高质量办好“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，同奏合作共赢新乐章。We will make solid efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative.Guided by the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, we will accelerate the building of overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and establish cooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearance procedures along the routes.We will deepen international industrial-capacity cooperation, promoting the export of Chinese equipment, technologies, standards, and services, to see that China and other countries are able to draw on each other’s strengths.We will strengthen personal and cultural exchanges and cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare, and tourism.We will see that in

第二篇：2018政府工作报告中英对照

政府工作报告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2018年3月5日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

– Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018

国务院总理 李克强

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies，现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年政府工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval.I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、过去五年工作回顾

I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对极其错综复杂的国内外形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民砥砺前行，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全面开创新局面。党的十九大确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史地位，制定了决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的宏伟蓝图和行动纲领，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。各地区各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，深入贯彻落实新发展理念，“十二五”规划圆满完成，“十三五”规划顺利实施，经济社会发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。

The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress(NPC)have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development.Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead.We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization.(* The “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.** The “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.)At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been fully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress.In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.五年来，经济实力跃上新台阶。国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。城镇新增就业6600万人以上，13亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分就业。Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent;and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.五年来，经济结构出现重大变革。消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，成为经济增长主动力。高技术制造业年均增长11.7%。粮食生产能力达到1.2万亿斤。城镇化率从52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多万农业转移人口成为城镇居民。

Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth.High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons.China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.五年来，创新驱动发展成果丰硕。全社会研发投入年均增长11%，规模跃居世界第二位。科技进步贡献率由52.2%提高到57.5%。载人航天、深海探测、量子通信、大飞机等重大创新成果不断涌现。高铁网络、电子商务、移动支付、共享经济等引领世界潮流。“互联网+”广泛融入各行各业。大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展，日均新设企业由5千多户增加到1万6千多户。快速崛起的新动能，正在重塑经济增长格局、深刻改变生产生活方式，成为中国创新发展的新标志。

Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.China’s investment in research and development(R&D)has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale.The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent.In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.The Internet Plus model has permeated every industry and every field.Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000.Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.五年来，改革开放迈出重大步伐。改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进，重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展。简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革推动政府职能发生深刻转变，市场活力和社会创造力明显增强。“一带一路”建设成效显著，对外贸易和利用外资结构优化、规模稳居世界前列。

Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and key links.Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity.The Belt and Road Initiative has been making major progress.The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.五年来，人民生活持续改善。脱贫攻坚取得决定性进展，贫困人口减少6800多万，易地扶贫搬迁830万人，贫困发生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增长7.4%、超过经济增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群体。出境旅游人次由8300万增加到1亿3千多万。社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到76.7岁。棚户区住房改造2600多万套，农村危房改造1700多万户，上亿人喜迁新居。

Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent.Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group.Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million.Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and the basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world.On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years.Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas, and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas.Thanks to these efforts, more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.五年来，生态环境状况逐步好转。制定实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三个“十条”并取得扎实成效。单位国内生产总值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持续下降，重点城市重污染天数减少一半，森林面积增加1.63亿亩，沙化土地面积年均缩减近2000平方公里，绿色发展呈现可喜局面。

Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress.Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year.Encouraging progress has been made in green development.刚刚过去的2017年，经济社会发展主要目标任务全面完成并好于预期。国内生产总值增长6.9%，居民收入增长7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；城镇新增就业1351万人，失业率为多年来最低；工业增速回升，企业利润增长21%；财政收入增长7.4%，扭转了增速放缓态势；进出口增长14.2%，实际使用外资1363亿美元、创历史新高。经济发展呈现出增长与质量、结构、效益相得益彰的良好局面。这是五年来一系列重大政策效应累积，各方面不懈努力、久久为功的结果。

In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations.GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates.Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was the lowest in recent years.Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S.dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other.This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.过去五年取得的全方位、开创性成就，发生的深层次、根本性变革，再次令世界瞩目，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪。

Over the past five years, the ground-breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.五年来，我们认真贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.The following are the highlights of that work:

（一）坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。

First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.这些年，世界经济复苏乏力，国际金融市场跌宕起伏，保护主义明显抬头。我国经济发展中结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显，经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。面对这种局面，我们保持战略定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是适应把握引领经济发展新常态，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，不断创新和完善宏观调控，确立区间调控的思路和方式，加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。明确强调只要经济运行在合理区间，就业增加、收入增长、环境改善，就集中精力促改革、调结构、添动力。采取既利当前更惠长远的举措，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，适度扩大总需求，推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡。经过艰辛努力，我们顶住了经济下行压力、避免了“硬着陆”，保持了经济中高速增长，促进了结构优化，经济长期向好的基本面不断巩固和发展。

The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism.In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies.Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading.The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政收支矛盾较大情况下，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。分步骤全面推开营改增，结束了66年的营业税征收历史，累计减税超过2万亿元，加上采取小微企业税收优惠、清理各种收费等措施，共减轻市场主体负担3万多亿元。加强地方政府债务管理，实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1.2万亿元。调整财政支出结构，盘活沉淀资金，保障基本民生和重点项目。财政赤字率一直控制在3%以内。货币政策保持稳健中性，广义货币M2增速呈下降趋势，信贷和社会融资规模适度增长。采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，小微企业贷款增速高于各项贷款平均增速。改革完善汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备转降为升。妥善应对“钱荒”等金融市场异常波动，规范金融市场秩序，防范化解重点领域风险，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。

We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax.The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan.We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees.All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan.We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs.The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral.The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth.Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending.We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable;and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling.We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.（二）坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。紧紧依靠改革破解经济发展和结构失衡难题，大力发展新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，提高供给体系质量和效率。

Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.扎实推进“三去一降一补”。五年来，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后产能基础上，以钢铁、煤炭等行业为重点加大去产能力度，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金予以支持，用于分流职工安置。退出钢铁产能1.7亿吨以上、煤炭产能8亿吨，安置分流职工110多万人。因城施策分类指导，三四线城市商品住宅去库存取得明显成效，热点城市房价涨势得到控制。积极稳妥去杠杆，控制债务规模，增加股权融资，工业企业资产负债率连续下降，宏观杠杆率涨幅明显收窄、总体趋于稳定。多措并举降成本，压减政府性基金项目30%，削减中央政府层面设立的涉企收费项目60%以上，阶段性降低“五险一金”缴费比例，推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。突出重点加大补短板力度。

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal;and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees.We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third-and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance.The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining.Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut;over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished;the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.加快新旧发展动能接续转换。深入开展“互联网+”行动，实行包容审慎监管，推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用，新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业深刻重塑。实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程，先进制造业加快发展。出台现代服务业改革发展举措，服务新业态新模式异军突起，促进了各行业融合升级。深化农业供给侧结构性改革，新型经营主体大批涌现，种植业适度规模经营比重从30%提升到40%以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推动传统消费提档升级、新兴消费快速兴起，网上零售额年均增长30%以上，社会消费品零售总额年均增长11.3%。优化投资结构，鼓励民间投资，发挥政府投资撬动作用，引导更多资金投向强基础、增后劲、惠民生领域。高速铁路运营里程从9000多公里增加到2万5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程从9.6万公里增加到13.6万公里，新建改建农村公路127万公里，新建民航机场46个，开工重大水利工程122项，完成新一轮农村电网改造，建成全球最大的移动宽带网。五年来，发展新动能迅速壮大，经济增长实现由主要依靠投资、出口拉动转向依靠消费、投资、出口协同拉动，由主要依靠第二产业带动转向依靠三次产业共同带动。这是我们多年想实现而没有实现的重大结构性变革。

We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things;emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services;and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness.The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low-and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total.Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers.We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects.We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength.Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports.In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on, but we were always unable to achieve.推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。针对长期存在的重审批、轻监管、弱服务问题，我们持续深化“放管服”改革，加快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务。五年来，国务院部门行政审批事项削减44%，非行政许可审批彻底终结，中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目减少90%，行政审批中介服务事项压减74%，职业资格许可和认定大幅减少。中央政府定价项目缩减80%，地方政府定价项目缩减50%以上。全面改革工商登记、注册资本等商事制度，企业开办时间缩短三分之一以上。创新和加强事中事后监管，实行“双随机、一公开”，随机抽取检查人员和检查对象、及时公开查处结果，提高了监管效能和公正性。推行“互联网+政务服务”，实施一站式服务等举措。营商环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，群众办事更加便利。

Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced.The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent.Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results.These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.（三）坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，整体创新能力和效率显著提高。实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创新局面。扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，改进科研项目和经费管理，深化科技成果权益管理改革。支持北京、上海建设科技创新中心，新设14个国家自主创新示范区，带动形成一批区域创新高地。以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设，涌现一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和新型研发机构。深入开展大众创业、万众创新，实施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化体系。各类市场主体达到9800多万户，五年增加70%以上。国内有效发明专利拥有量增加两倍，技术交易额翻了一番。我国科技创新由跟跑为主转向更多领域并跑、领跑，成为全球瞩目的创新创业热土。

Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;research projects and funding are better managed, and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation.China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative, adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years.The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled.In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas.Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.（四）坚持全面深化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。国企国资改革扎实推进，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重组、压减层级、提质增效取得积极进展。国有企业效益明显好转，去年利润增长23.5%。深化能源、铁路、盐业等领域改革。放宽非公有制经济市场准入。建立不动产统一登记制度。完善产权保护制度。财税改革取得重大进展，全面推行财政预决算公开，构建以共享税为主的中央和地方收入分配格局，启动中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，中央对地方一般性转移支付规模大幅增加、专项转移支付项目减少三分之二。基本放开利率管制，建立存款保险制度，推动大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，深化政策性、开发性金融机构改革，强化金融监管协调机制。完善城乡义务教育均衡发展促进机制，改革考试招生制度。建立统一的城乡居民基本养老、医疗保险制度，实现机关事业单位和企业养老保险制度并轨。出台划转部分国有资本充实社保基金方案。实施医疗、医保、医药联动改革，全面推开公立医院综合改革，取消长期实行的药品加成政策，药品医疗器械审批制度改革取得突破。推进农村承包地“三权”分置改革、确权面积超过80%，改革重要农产品收储制度。完善主体功能区制度，建立生态文明绩效考评和责任追究制度，推行河长制、湖长制，开展省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度改革试点。各领域改革的深化，推动了经济社会持续健康发展。

Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state assets;the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed;and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progress.The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent.We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded.An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress.We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes.We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds.We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms.We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform.We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems.We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.（五）坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型经济水平显著提升。倡导和推动共建“一带一路”，发起创办亚投行，设立丝路基金，一批重大互联互通、经贸合作项目落地。设立上海等11个自贸试验区，一批改革试点成果向全国推广。改革出口退税负担机制、退税增量全部由中央财政负担，设立13个跨境电商综合试验区，国际贸易“单一窗口”覆盖全国，货物通关时间平均缩短一半以上，进出口实现回稳向好。外商投资由审批制转向负面清单管理，限制性措施削减三分之二。外商投资结构优化，高技术产业占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，来华工作的外国专家增加40%。引导对外投资健康发展。推进国际产能合作，高铁、核电等装备走向世界。新签和升级8个自由贸易协定。沪港通、深港通、债券通相继启动，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子，人民币国际化迈出重要步伐。中国开放的扩大，有力促进了自身发展，给世界带来重大机遇。

Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening-up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative.We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives.Beginning with the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone, we have established 11 pilot free trade zones.A number of successful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates.We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce.Single-window document processing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half.Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds.The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling.We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment.We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity;high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets.We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements.We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect.The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.China has opened its doors wider to the world.This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.（六）坚持实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略，着力推动平衡发展，新的增长极增长带加快成长。积极推进京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展，编制实施相关规划，建设一批重点项目。出台一系列促进西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展的改革创新举措。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，加强援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保护和开发有序推进。实施重点城市群规划，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。绝大多数城市放宽落户限制，居住证制度全面实施，城镇基本公共服务向常住人口覆盖。城乡区域发展协调性显著增强。

Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.We have actively pursued coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects.We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development.We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns.The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency.A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.（七）坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感不断增强。在财力紧张情况下，持续加大民生投入。全面推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫，健全中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，中央财政五年投入专项扶贫资金2800多亿元。实施积极的就业政策，重点群体就业得到较好保障。坚持教育优先发展，财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例持续超过4%。改善农村义务教育薄弱学校办学条件，提高乡村教师待遇，营养改善计划惠及3600多万农村学生。启动世界一流大学和一流学科建设。重点高校专项招收农村和贫困地区学生人数由1万人增加到10万人。加大对各类学校家庭困难学生资助力度，4.3亿人次受益。劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到10.5年。居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由240元提高到450元，大病保险制度基本建立、已有1700多万人次受益，异地就医住院费用实现直接结算，分级诊疗和医联体建设加快推进。持续合理提高退休人员基本养老金。提高低保、优抚等标准，完善社会救助制度，近6000万低保人员和特困群众基本生活得到保障。建立困难和重度残疾人“两项补贴”制度，惠及2100多万人。实施全面两孩政策。加快发展文化事业，文化产业年均增长13%以上。全民健身广泛开展，体育健儿勇创佳绩。

Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards and seen the growing satisfaction of the people.Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards.We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation.Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education;and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP.In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students.We have launched an initiative to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines.The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000.We have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total.The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person;the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people;the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred;and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees.We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social assistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty.We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people.All couples can now have two children.We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent.We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing;and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.（八）坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，以前所未有的决心和力度加强生态环境保护。重拳整治大气污染，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降30%以上。加强散煤治理，推进重点行业节能减排，71%的煤电机组实现超低排放。优化能源结构，煤炭消费比重下降8.1个百分点，清洁能源消费比重提高6.3个百分点。提高燃油品质，淘汰黄标车和老旧车2000多万辆。加强重点流域海域水污染防治，化肥农药使用量实现零增长。推进重大生态保护和修复工程，扩大退耕还林还草还湿，加强荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。开展中央环保督察，严肃查处违法案件。积极推动《巴黎协定》签署生效，我国在应对全球气候变化中发挥了重要作用。

Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection.We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in key areas.We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions.We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points.We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force;China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.（九）坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定。提请全国人大常委会制定修订法律95部，制定修订行政法规195部，修改废止一大批部门规章。省、市、县政府部门制定公布权责清单。开展国务院大督查和专项督查，对积极作为、成效突出的给予表彰和政策激励，对不作为的严肃问责。创新城乡基层治理。完善信访工作制度。扩大法律援助范围。促进安全生产领域改革发展，事故总量和重特大事故数量持续下降。改革完善食品药品监管，强化风险全程管控。加强地震、特大洪灾等防灾减灾救灾工作，健全分级负责、相互协同的应急机制，最大程度降低了灾害损失。加强国家安全。健全社会治安防控体系，依法打击各类违法犯罪，有力维护了公共安全。

Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments.We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance.The system for handling public complaints has been improved.The coverage of legal aid has been expanded.We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination.With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.China’s national security is better safeguarded.We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党部署，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、“三严三实”专题教育、“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，持之以恒纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。严控新建政府性楼堂馆所和财政供养人员总量，“三公”经费大幅压减。加强行政监察和审计监督。坚决查处和纠正违法违规行为，严厉惩处腐败分子，反腐败斗争压倒性态势已经形成并巩固发展。

We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption.We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party’s mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests* campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.(* The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be earnest in one’s thinking, work, and behavior.)

We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll;and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight.We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption.The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，过去五年，民族、宗教、侨务等工作创新推进。支持民族地区加快发展，民族团结进步事业取得长足进展。积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。海外侨胞和归侨侨眷在国家现代化建设中作出了独特贡献。

Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals.We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progress truly paying off.We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society.Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.过去五年，在党中央、中央军委领导下，强军兴军开创新局面。制定新形势下军事战略方针，召开古田全军政治工作会议，深入推进政治建军、改革强军、科技兴军、依法治军，人民军队实现政治生态重塑、组织形态重塑、力量体系重塑、作风形象重塑。有效遂行海上维权、反恐维稳、抢险救灾、国际维和、亚丁湾护航、人道主义救援等重大任务。各方配合基本完成裁减军队员额30万任务。军事装备现代化水平显著提升，军民融合深度发展。人民军队面貌焕然一新，在中国特色强军之路上迈出坚实步伐。

Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces.We have developed a military strategy for new conditions;convened the Gutian military political work meeting;and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law.As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.We have undertaken major missions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue.With the cooperation of all those involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing the armed forces by 300,000 troops.Military equipment has been significantly modernized, and we have deepened military-civilian integration.The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.过去五年，港澳台工作取得新进展。“一国两制”实践不断丰富和发展，宪法和基本法权威在港澳进一步彰显，内地与港澳交流合作深入推进，港珠澳大桥全线贯通，香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，加强两岸经济文化交流合作，实现两岸领导人历史性会晤。坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂势力，有力维护了台海和平稳定。

Over the past five years, fresh progress has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed;the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions has been further raised in these two regions.Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced;the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides.We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.过去五年，中国特色大国外交全面推进。成功举办首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、亚太经济合作组织领导人非正式会议、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人厦门会晤等重大主场外交。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席联合国系列峰会、气候变化大会、世界经济论坛、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动，全方位外交布局深入展开。倡导构建人类命运共同体，为全球治理体系变革贡献更多中国智慧。经济外交、人文交流卓有成效。坚定维护国家主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥了重要建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出新的重大贡献。

Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts.We successfully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events at home.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including United Nations summits, Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation.China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.China has called for building a community with a shared future for mankind and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system.Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges.We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，回顾过去五年，诸多矛盾交织叠加，各种风险挑战接踵而至，国内外很多情况是改革开放以来没有碰到过的，我国改革发展成就实属来之不易。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

Looking back at the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges.Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening-up began.The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily.We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.安不忘危，兴不忘忧。我们清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，仍是世界最大发展中国家，发展不平衡不充分的一些突出问题尚未解决。经济增长内生动力还不够足，创新能力还不够强，发展质量和效益不够高，一些企业特别是中小企业经营困难，民间投资增势疲弱，部分地区经济下行压力较大，金融等领域风险隐患不容忽视。脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大。重特大安全生产事故时有发生。在空气质量、环境卫生、食品药品安全和住房、教育、医疗、就业、养老等方面，群众还有不少不满意的地方。政府职能转变还不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不力，一些干部服务意识和法治意识不强、工作作风不实、担当精神不够，形式主义、官僚主义不同程度存在。群众和企业对办事难、乱收费意见较多。一些领域不正之风和腐败问题仍然多发。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，以不畏艰难的勇气、坚忍不拔的意志，尽心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不负人民重托！

As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm, forget not danger;when all is well, be awake to woes.We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far have remained unsolved.

第三篇：2009年政府工作报告(中英对照)

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

政府工作报告

Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009

——２００９年３月５日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上

Wen Jiabao 温家宝

Premier of the State Council 国务院总理

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

I.Review of the Work in 2008

一、２００８年工作回顾

The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是极不平凡的一年。我国经济社会发展经受住了历史罕见的重大挑战和考验。在中国共产党领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，奋力拼搏，战胜各种艰难险阻，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过３０万亿元，比上年增长９％；星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入６．１３万亿元，增长１９．５％；粮食连续五年增产，总产量５２８５０万吨，创历史最高水平。

-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革开放深入推进。财税、金融、价格、行政管理等重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破。进出口贸易总额２．５６万亿美元，增长１７．８％。实际利用外商直接投资９２４亿美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社会事业加快发展，人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业１１１３万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，农村居民人均纯收入４７６１元，实际增长８．４％和８％。

-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面夺取抗击特大自然灾害的重大胜利。成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会。圆满完成神舟七号载人航天飞行。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.这些成就，标志着我们在中国特色社会主义道路上迈出新的坚实步伐，极大地增强了全国各族人民战胜困难的勇气和力量，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上继续奋勇前进。

Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年来，我们做了以下主要工作：

1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

（一）及时果断调整宏观经济政策，全力保持经济平稳较快发展

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我们正确把握宏观调控的方向、重点、力度和节奏，采取一系列促进经济平稳较快发展的政策措施，在复杂多变的形势下，积极应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，努力增强调控的预见性、针对性和有效性。年中，在国际能源和粮食价格处于高位、世界经济增长放缓的情况下，针对沿海地区出现出口和经济增速下滑苗头，及时把宏观调控的首要任务调整为“保持经济平稳较快发展，控制物价过快上涨”，并采取了一些有针对性的财税金融措施。９月份后，国际经济形势急转直下，对我国的不利影响明显加重，我们又果断地把宏观调控的着力点转到防止经济增速过快下滑上来，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，三次提高出口退税率，五次下调金融机构存贷款基准利率，四次下调存款准备金率，暂免储蓄存款利息个人所得税，下调证券交易印花税，降低住房交易税费，加大对中小企业信贷支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要准、工作要实的要求，迅速推出进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，争分夺秒地加以落实；接连出台金融支持经济发展、促进轻纺工业健康发展、促进房地产市场健康发展、搞活流通扩大消费和保持对外贸易稳定增长、稳定就业等政策措施，加快制定重点产业调整振兴规划。这些措施对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期、保持经济平稳较快发展，发挥了至关重要的作用。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加强“三农”工作。全年中央财政用于“三农”的投入５９５５亿元，比上年增加１６３７亿元，增长３７．９％，其中粮食直补、农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴资金达１０３０亿元，比上年增长一倍。三次较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过２０％。实施主要农产品临时收储政策。加强耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高农业综合生产能力。扶持生猪、油料、奶业发展。这些政策措施在保护和调动农民积极性、保障重要农产品供给、增加农民收入方面发挥了重要作用，为稳定经济社会发展全局提供了有力支撑。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.坚定不移地推进自主创新和经济结构调整。实施１６个国家重大科技专项。在信息、生物、环保等领域新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。成功研发支线飞机、新能源汽车、高速铁路等一批关键技术和重大装备。中央财政科技投入１１６３亿元，增长１６．４％。电信、航空等行业重组迈出重要步伐。继续淘汰落后产能，全年关停小火电１星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)６６９万千瓦，关闭小煤矿１０５４处。加大基础设施和基础产业投资力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和开工一批重大项目。扎实推进区域发展总体战略，区域经济发展协调性增强。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.坚持不懈地推动节能减排和生态环境保护。中央财政安排４２３亿元资金，支持十大重点节能工程和环保设施等项目建设。全国新增城市污水日处理能力１１４９万吨，新增燃煤脱硫机组容量９７１２万千瓦。单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降１０．０８％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少６．６１％和８．９５％。巩固退耕还林还草成果，推进天然林、青海三江源等生态保护和建设工程。实施重点流域、区域水污染防治规划。发布了《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书。

2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives

（二）统筹经济社会发展，全面加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就业和社会保障工作进一步加强。完善促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策，落实最低工资制度。各项社会保险覆盖面继续扩大，城镇职工基本养老保险、基本医疗保险参保人数分别增加１７５３万和２０２８万，失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数继续增加。企业退休人员养老金人均每月新增１１０元。启动事业单位基本养老保险制度改革试点。积极探索建立新型农村社会养老保险制度，农民工、被征地农民社会保障工作稳步推进。全面加强城乡居民最低生活保障制度建设，救助人数达到６６１９万人。及时增加对低收入群体和大学生的生活补贴。大幅度提高重点优抚对象的抚恤优待标准。加大保障性住房建设和棚户区改造力度，低收入群众住房困难问题得到一定程度缓解。解决４８００多万农村人口的饮水安全问题。

Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促进教育公平取得新进展。全面实行城乡免费义务教育，对所有农村义务教育阶段学生免费提供教科书。提高中西部地区校舍维修标准，国家财政安排３２．５亿元帮助解决北方农村中小学取暖问题。职业教育加快发展。国家助学制度进一步完善，中央财政投入２２３亿元，地方财政也加大投入，资助学生超过２０００万人；向中等职业学校中来自城市经济困难家庭和农村的学生提供助学金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。

Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.医药卫生改革发展稳步推进。参加新型农村合作医疗的人口８．１４亿，参合率９１．５％。城镇居民基本医疗保险试点城市由上年的８８个增加到３１７个，参保人数增加７３５９万，总计达到１．１７亿。城市社区卫生服务体系建设取得重大进展。农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和少生快富工程实施范围继续扩大。

We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化体育事业加快发展。公共文化基础设施建设得到加强，文化产业快速发展，文化体制改革不断深化。全力举办了有特色、高水平的北京奥运会、残奥会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想；中国运动员顽强拼搏，取得优异成绩，这极大地激发了全国人民的爱国热情，增强了民族凝聚力。

We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建设继续加强。基层民主制度进一步健全。依法行政深入推进。国务院提请全国人大常委会审议了社会保险法、防震减灾法等８件法律议案，制定或修订了３０件行政法规。全面实施政府信息公开条例。加强社会治安防控体系建设，开展反分裂、反恐怖斗争，维护了国家安全和社会稳定。民族、宗教、侨务工作进一步加强。

3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

（三）积极推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力

Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.国务院机构改革基本完成，地方机构改革稳步推进。农村综合改革继续深化，集体林权制度改革全面推开。国有企业改革不断深化。中国农业银行和国家开发银行股份制改革顺利进行。实施新的企业所得税法，统一内外资企业和个人房地产税收制度。酝酿多年的成品油价格和税费改革顺利推出。制定医药卫生体制改革方案并公开征求意见。体制机制创新为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.对外开放水平继续提高。大力实施以质取胜和出口市场多元化战略。加强科技兴贸创新基地和服务外包基地建设，支持自主品牌和自主知识产权产品出口。完善加工贸易政策体系。稳步扩大服务业对外开放，加强对外商投资方向的引导。整合建立新的对外经济技术合作专项资金，发布对外承包工程管理条例，理顺对外劳务合作管理体制。积极推进境外能源资源合作，企业“走出去”步伐加快，对外援助进一步扩大。自由贸易区建设、与主要经贸伙伴的经济对话、同发展中国家的互利合作取得新进展。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我国发生震惊世界的汶川特大地震。在党中央、国务院坚强领导下，全国各族人民特别是灾区人民万众一心、众志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、冲锋在前，展开了我国历史上救援速度最快、动员范围最广、投入力量最大的抗震救灾斗争。我们坚持把抢救人的生命放在第一位，从废墟中抢救生还者８．４万人。迅速抢修基础设施，果断处置唐家山堰塞湖，避免严重次生灾害发生；全力开展防疫工作，实现了大灾之后无大疫。中央财政安排３８４亿元救灾款和７４０亿元恢复重建资金，迅速出台一系列支援灾区的政策措施。积极开展对口支援。社会各界踊跃捐助款物，广大香港同胞、澳门同胞、台湾同胞以及海外华侨华人奉献爱心，国际社会伸出援手，汇成了齐心协力抗击灾害的磅礴力量。这场艰苦卓绝的抗震救灾斗争，涌现出无数感天动地、可歌可泣的英雄事迹，充分展现了中国人民不屈不挠、自强不息的伟大民族精神，谱写了气壮山河的壮丽篇章。

None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.过去一年的成就来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民同心同德、团结奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们正面临前所未有的困难和挑战。

First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是国际金融危机还在蔓延、仍未见底。国际市场需求继续萎缩，全球通货紧缩趋势明显，贸易保护主义抬头，外部经济环境更加严峻，不确定因素显著增多。

Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment.Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受国际金融危机影响，经济增速持续下滑，已成为影响全局的主要矛盾。一些行业产能过剩，部分企业经营困难，就业形势十分严峻，财政减收增支因素增多，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大。

Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是长期制约我国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾依然存在，有的还很突出。消星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)费需求不足，第三产业发展滞后，自主创新能力不强，能源资源消耗多，环境污染重，城乡、区域发展差距仍在扩大。

Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群众切身利益的问题没有根本缓解，社会保障、教育、医疗、收入分配、社会治安等方面存在不少亟待解决的问题。

Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市场秩序不规范，市场监管和执法不到位，社会诚信体系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生产重特大事故接连发生，给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失，教训十分深刻。

We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我们一定要深刻认识国际国内经济形势的严峻性和复杂性，增强危机意识和忧患意识，充分利用有利条件，积极应对各种挑战，努力做好各项工作，绝不辜负人民的期望和重托。

II.General Plan for the Work in 2009

二、２００９年工作总体部署

This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是实施“十一五”规划的关键之年，也是进入新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年，改革发展稳定的任务十分繁重。

An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.综观国际国内形势，我国仍处于重要战略机遇期。挑战与机遇并存，困难与希望同在。我国经济社会发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势没有改变。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力克服困难，战胜挑战。我们的信心和力量，来自中央对形势的科学判断和准确把握；来自已经制定并实施的应对挑战、着眼长远的一系列政策举措；来自工业化、城镇化快速推进中的基础设施建设、产业结构和消费结构升级、环境保护、生态建设和社会事业发展等方面的巨大需求；来自充裕的资金、丰富的劳动力资源等要素支撑；来自运行稳健的金融体系、活力增强的各类企业和富于弹性的宏观调控政策；来自改革开放３０年建立的物质、科技基础和体制条件；来自集中力量办大事的政治和制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境以及全国上下促进科学发展的积极性、创造性；来自中华民族坚忍不拔、发愤图强的伟大精神力量。只要我们紧紧依靠党的领导和全国各族人民，就没有克服不了的困难，就一定能够把国际金融危机的不利影响降到最低程度，就一定能够推动经济社会又好又快发展。

To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，把保持经济平稳较快发展作为经济工作的首要星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)任务，加强和改善宏观调控，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力转变发展方式、加快经济结构战略性调整，着力深化改革、提高对外开放水平，着力改善民生促进社会和谐，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设。

We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长８％左右，经济结构进一步优化；城镇新增就业９００万人以上，城镇登记失业率４．６％以内；城乡居民收入稳定增长；居民消费价格总水平涨幅４％左右；国际收支状况继续改善。这里要着重说明，提出８％左右的国内生产总值增长目标，综合考虑了发展的需要和可能。在我们这样一个１３亿人口的发展中国家，要扩大城乡就业，增加居民收入，维护社会稳定，就必须保持一定的经济增长速度。只要政策对头，措施得当，落实有力，就有可能实现这一目标。

To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必须把握好以下原则：

First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是扩内需、保增长。坚持把扭转经济增速下滑趋势作为宏观调控最重要的目标，把扩大国内需求作为促进经济增长的长期战略方针和根本着力点，增加有效需求，加强薄弱环节，充分发挥内需特别是消费需求拉动经济增长的主导作用。

Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.二是调结构、上水平。坚持把推进经济结构调整和自主创新作为转变发展方式的主攻方向，变压力为动力，坚定不移地保护和发展先进生产力，淘汰落后产能，整合生产要素，拓展发展空间，实现保增长和调结构、增效益相统一，增强国民经济整体素质和发展后劲。

Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。坚持把深化改革开放作为促进科学发展的根本动力，进一步解放思想，加大重点领域和关键环节改革力度，消除体制机制障碍，激发创造活力。

Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和谐。越是困难的时候，越要关注民生，越要促进社会和谐稳定。坚持把保障和改善民生作为经济工作的出发点和落脚点，实行更加积极的就业政策，把促进增长与扩大就业、改善民生紧密结合起来，让人民群众共享改革发展的成果。

III.Major Tasks for 2009

三、２００９年主要任务

This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以应对国际金融危机、促进经济平稳较快发展为主线，统筹兼顾，突出重点，全面实施促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。大规模增加政府投资，实施总额４万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增１．１８万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力；大力推进自主创新，加强科技支撑，增强发展后劲；大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。以实施一揽子计划为重点，今年要着力抓好以下七方面工作：

1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展

We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要坚持灵活审慎的调控方针，提高宏观调控的应变能力和实际效果，尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势，保持经济平稳较快发展。

We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.实施积极的财政政策。

First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)and is therefore safe.一是大幅度增加政府支出，这是扩大内需最主动、最直接、最有效的措施。今年财政收支紧张的矛盾十分突出。一方面，经济增速放缓、减轻企业和居民税负必然会使财政收入增速下降；另一方面，为刺激经济增长、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投资和政府支出。为弥补财政减收增支形成的缺口，拟安排中央财政赤字７５００亿元，比上年增加５７００亿元，同时国务院同意地方发行２０００亿元债券，由财政部代理发行，列入省级预算管理。全国财政赤字合计９５００亿元，占国内生产总值比重在３％以内，虽然当年赤字增加较多，但由于前几年连续减少赤字，发债空间较大，累计国债余额占国内生产总值比重２０％左右，这是我国综合国力可以承受的，总体上也是安全的。

Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是实行结构性减税和推进税费改革。采取减税、退税或抵免税等多种方式减轻企业和居民税负，促进企业投资和居民消费，增强微观经济活力。初步测算，今年全面实施增值税转型，落实已出台的中小企业、房地产和证券交易相关税收优惠以及出口退税等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００项行政事业性收费，可减轻企业和居民负担约５０００亿元。

Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是优化财政支出结构。继续加大对重点领域投入，严格控制一般性开支，努力降低行政成本。

We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策要在促进经济增长方面发挥更加积极的作用。

First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.一是改善金融调控。保证货币信贷总量满足经济发展需求，广义货币增长１７％左右，新增贷款５万亿元以上。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是优化信贷结构。加强对信贷投向的监测和指导，加大对“三农”、中小企业等薄弱环节的金融支持，切实解决一些企业融资难问题。严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业企业的贷款。

Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是进一步理顺货币政策传导机制，保证资金渠道畅通。充分发挥各类金融机构的优势和特点，创新和改进金融服务，满足合理资金需求，形成金融促进经济发展的合力。

Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加强和改进金融监管。各类金融企业都要加强风险管理，增强抵御风险能力。处理好金融创新、金融开放与金融监管的关系。加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。

2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth

（二）积极扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，增强内需对经济增长的拉动作用

First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是扩大消费尤其是居民消费。继续调整收入分配格局，提高劳动报酬占国民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、扩大消费的比重，增加对城镇低收入群众和农民的补贴。要培育消费热点，拓展消费空间。完善汽车消费政策，加快发展二手车市场和汽车租赁市场，引导和促进汽车合理消费。大力发展社区商业、物业、家政等便民消费，加快发展旅游休闲消费，扩大文化娱乐、体育健身等服务消费，积极发展网络动漫等新型消费。完善消费政策，优化消费环境。加快建设“万村千乡”市场工程，推进连锁经营向农村延伸。要加强城乡消费设施和服务体系建设，规范市场秩序，维护消费者合法权益。抓紧研究出台鼓励消费的政策措施，积极发展消费信贷。做好“家电下乡”、“农机下乡”、“汽车、摩托车下乡”等工作，把中央财政的４００亿元补贴资金用好用活，使企业增加销售、农民得到实惠。

Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构。今年中央政府投资总额９０８０亿元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、卫生、文化等民生工程建设，节能环保和生态建设，技术改造与科技创新，农田水利、铁路、高速公路等重点基础设施建设和地震灾后恢复重建。政府投资必须用在应对危机最关键的地方，用在经济社会发展的薄弱环节，绝不能用于一般加工工业。要抓紧研究出台鼓励引导社会投资的优惠政策。通过发布信息、加强引导，支持社会资本投向符合国家产业政策的领域，鼓励企业增加研发和技改投资。我们的每一分钱都来自人民，必须对人民负责。所有工程建设都要坚持百年大计、质量第一，给子孙后代留下宝贵财富。

Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促进房地产市场稳定健康发展。采取更加积极有效的政策措施，稳定市场信心和预期，稳定房地产投资，推动房地产业平稳有序发展。加快落实和完善促进保障性住房建设的政策措施，争取用三年时间，解决７５０万户城市低收入住房困难家庭和２４０万户林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区居民的住房问题。今年中央财政拟安排保障性安居工程资金４９３亿元，加大对廉租房建设和棚户区改造的投资支持力度，适当提高中西部地区补助标准，扩大农村危房改造试点范围，实施少数民族地区游牧民定居工程。选择一些有条件的地区进行试点，把部分住房公积金闲置资金补充用于经济适用住房建设。积极发展公共租赁住房。落实好支持居民购买自住性和改善性住房的信贷、税收和其他政策。对符合条件的第二套普通自住房购买者，比照执行首次贷款购买普通自住房的优惠政策；对住房转让环节营业税，按不同年限实行有区别的税收减免政策。促进普通商品住房消费和供给，加大对中小套型、中低价位普通商品房建设的信贷支持。加快发展二手房市场和住房租赁市场。鼓励引导各地因地制宜稳定和发展房地产市场，加强住房市场分类管理。继续整顿房地产市场秩序，规范交易行为。帮助进城农民工解决住房困难问题。深化城镇住房制度改革，满足居民多层次住房需求，努力实现住有所居的目标。

Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。抓紧全面实施灾后恢复重建总体规划，中央财政今年再安排１３００亿元灾后重建资金。加快灾区城乡居民住房恢复重建，实行维修加固与新建相结合。基本完成因灾倒塌和严重损毁农房重建任务，保证受灾群众在今年底前住进新房。加快地震灾区学校恢复建设，确保今年底９５％以上的学生都能在永久性校舍中学习。继续星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)推进交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施恢复重建。搞好地质灾害防治、生态修复、环境整治和灾毁耕地复耕。结合实施重点产业调整振兴规划，加快灾区产业重建与发展。继续搞好对口支援和专项援助，管好用好灾后重建资金和物资。灾后重建要加大力度，加快进度，力争在两年内基本完成原定三年的目标任务，让灾区人民早日过上更加幸福美好的生活。

3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes

（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位，促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收

We will focus on the following five areas.今年重点抓好五件事：

First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是稳定发展粮食生产。切实稳定种植面积，着力提高单产，优化品种结构，推进全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。

Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市场需求为导向调整农业结构。支持重要紧缺农产品生产，提高农产品质量、效益和竞争力。加快实施新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划，支持优势产区发展油料等经济作物，稳定生猪生产，实施奶业振兴规划，推进畜牧水产规模化标准化健康养殖。加强重大动植物疫病防控。

Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加强农业基础设施和农村民生工程建设。大规模开展土地整治，实行田、水、路、林综合治理，推进中低产田改造，建设高标准农田。加快大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固进度，加强灌区改造和小型农田水利建设。到明年底，基本实现全国乡镇和东中部地区具备条件的建制村道路硬化，西部地区具备条件的建制村通公路。再解决６０００万人安全饮水问题，增加５００万沼气用户，继续加强农村电网、邮政通信和社会事业等基础建设。

Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促进农民增收。大力发展特色现代农业，扶持农产品精深加工和销售，发展农村二三产业，加快小城镇建设，壮大县域经济。

Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶贫开发力度。今年将实行新的扶贫标准，对农村低收入人口全面实施扶贫政策。新标准提高到人均１１９６元，扶贫对象覆盖４００７万人，这标志着我国扶贫开发进入一个新阶段。要完善国家扶贫战略和政策，加大扶贫资金投入，坚持开发式扶贫，重点抓好整村推进、劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫和移民扶贫，稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题并努力实现脱贫致富。

We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加强“三农”工作要采取以下措施：

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加农业农村投入。今年中央财政拟安排“三农”投入７１６１亿元，比上年增加１２０６亿元。大幅度增加对中西部地区农村公益性建设项目投入，取消县及县以下相关资金配套要求。支持粮食生产的政策措施向主产区倾斜，加大对产粮大县一般性转移支付、财政奖励和粮食产业建设项目的扶持力度。

Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.二要较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，保持农产品价格合理水平，提高种粮农民积极性。今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每斤分别提高０．１１元和０．１３元。适时启动主要农产品临时收储政策，增加粮食、棉花、食用植物油和猪肉储备，加强农产品市场调控。

Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要进一步增加农业补贴。中央财政拟安排补贴资金１２３０亿元，比上年增加２００亿元。继续增加粮食直补。加大良种补贴力度，提高补贴标准，实现水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花全覆盖，扩大油菜和大豆良种补贴范围，实施油茶良种补贴。农机具购置补贴覆盖到全国所有农牧业县（场），中央财政拟安排资金１３０亿元，比上年增加９０亿元。根据农资星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)价格上涨幅度和农作物播种面积，及时增加农资综合补贴。

Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型农业社会化服务体系建设。加大农业科技投入，加强农业科技创新成果推广和服务能力建设。健全基层农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构，支持供销合作社、农民专业合作社、龙头企业等提供多种形式的生产经营服务。

Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要稳定完善农村基本经营制度。现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变，赋予农民包括离乡农民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权。土地承包经营权流转必须坚持依法自愿有偿的原则。坚持和落实最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，严守１８亿亩耕地红线不动摇。推进集体林权制度改革。深化农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革。积极稳妥化解乡村债务。

4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring

（四）加快转变发展方式，大力推进经济结构战略性调整

This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要围绕保增长、促升级，重点抓好产业结构调整。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是认真实施汽车、钢铁、造船、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、现代物流等重点产业调整和振兴规划。着力解决这些行业发展中存在的突出矛盾和问题，推进结构调整和优化升级。

Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推进企业组织结构调整和兼并重组，支持优势企业并购落后企业和困难企业，鼓励强强联合和上下游一体化经营，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。

Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企业发展。抓紧落实金融支持政策，健全融资担保体系，简化贷款程序，增加贷款规模。中央财政中小企业发展资金从３９亿元增加到９６亿元。继续实行鼓励中小企业科技创新、技术改造、增加就业的税收优惠政策。健全中小企业社会化服务体系。

Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是积极支持企业加快技术改造，建设创新型企业。中央财政拟安排２００亿元专项星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)资金，主要用贴息方式支持企业技术改造。鼓励企业应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，适应市场变化，开发适销对路产品，推进产品创新，提高产品质量和生产经营水平。

Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快发展现代服务业。促进金融保险、现代物流、信息咨询、软件和创意产业发展，拓展新兴服务领域。提升传统服务业。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.大力推进科技创新。科技创新要与扩内需、促增长，调结构、上水平紧密结合起来。今年中央财政科技投入１４６１亿元，增长２５．６％。

First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快实施国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，特别是科技重大专项。选择一些带动力强、影响面大、见效快的项目抓紧开展工作，争取尽快突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，带动产业转型和技术升级，支撑产业振兴和经济长远发展。

Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技体制改革，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。动员更多科技人员投身经济建设第一线，推广技术、研发产品、创办科技型企业。推进产学研结合，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做强做大装备制造业。落实自主研发重大装备国内依托工程和政府采购制度，着力发展重大成套设备、高技术装备和高技术产业所需装备，提高装备制造业集成创新和国产化水平。

Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推进新能源、生物、医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合、节能环保等技术研发和产业化，发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求。

Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要继续实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和知识产权战略。继续推进国家创新体系建设，加强基础科学和前沿技术研究，加快重大科技基础设施和公用平台建设。积极引进海外高层次人才和智力，加强各类人才队伍建设。提高知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理水平。

We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加强节能减排和生态环保工作。

First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工业、交通、建筑三大领域节能，继续推进十大重点节能工程建设，落实电机、锅炉、汽车、空调、照明等方面的节能措施。

Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力发展循环经济和清洁能源。坚持节能节水节地。积极发展核电、水电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源。推进洁净煤技术产业化。严格执行能耗和环保国家标准，加大节能技术和产品推广应用力度，加强资源综合利用。

Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全节能环保各项政策，按照节能减排指标体系、考核体系、监测体系，狠抓落实。

Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是开展全民节能减排行动，国家机关、公共企事业单位要发挥表率作用。

Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是继续强化重点流域、区域污染防治，加强石漠化、荒漠化治理，实施重点防护林、天然林保护和京津风沙源治理等生态建设工程，保护水、森林、草原、湿地等生态环境。推进农村环境综合整治。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序。合理开发利用海洋资源。

Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)strengthen these areas.六是实施应对气候变化国家方案，提高应对气候变化能力。加强气象、地震、防灾减灾、测绘基础研究和能力建设。

We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高产品质量和安全生产水平。今年要在全国开展整顿和规范市场秩序专项行动以及“质量和安全年”活动，各行各业都要加强全员、全过程、全方位质量和安全管理。进一步强化重点行业安全生产监管，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生。深入开展食品药品安全专项整治，健全并严格执行产品质量安全标准。实行严格的市场准入制度和产品质量追溯制度、召回制度。要让人民群众买得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。

We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.继续实施西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地振兴、中部地区崛起、东部地区率先发展的区域发展总体战略，促进区域协调发展。鼓励各地从实际出发，充分发挥自身优势，在应对外部冲击中闯出发展新路。东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区要继续当好改革开放排头兵。进一步支持中西部和东北地区加强薄弱环节，以消除瓶颈制约为重点，加大基础设施、生态建设和环境保护投资力度，新开工一批交通、水利重点工程，加快建设一批粮食、能源原材料、装备制造等优势产业基地和特色产业基地，加快重点地区优先开发，促进矿产资源枯竭型城市经济转型。抓紧研究制定中西部地区承接产业转移的具体政策。制定和实施全国主体功能区规划。大力扶持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区发展。

5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner

（五）继续深化改革开放，进一步完善有利于科学发展的体制机制

Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革开放是经济社会发展的不竭动力。我们将坚持改革开放不动摇，通过深化改革破解发展难题，在扩大开放中赢得发展机遇。

We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推进资源性产品价格改革。继续深化电价改革，逐步完善上网电价、输配电价和销售电价形成机制，适时理顺煤电价格关系。积极推进水价改革，逐步提高水利工程供非农业用水价格，完善水资源费征收管理体制。加快建立健全矿产资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿机制，积极开展排污权交易试点。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推进财税体制改革。全面实施增值税转型改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加等制度。改革完善资源税制度。研究推进房地产税制改革。继续清理行政事业性收费和政府性基金，加强规范管理。深化预算制度改革，实现政府公共预算、国有资本经营预算、政府性基金预算和社会保障预算的有机衔接，积极推进预算公开。完善财政转移支付制度。推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。

We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推进金融体制改革。深化国有金融机构改革。稳步发展多种所有制中小金融企业和新型农村金融机构。积极引导民间融资健康发展。推进资本市场改革，维护股票市场稳定。发展和规范债券市场。稳步发展期货市场。深化保险业改革，积极发挥保险保障和融资功能。推进利率市场化改革。完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。健全金融监管协调机制。

We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推进国有企业改革和支持非公有制经济发展。深化国有大型企业公司制、股份制改革，建立健全现代企业制度。加快铁路、电力、盐业等行业改革。完善民航、电信管理体制，制定出台电信体制改革配套监管政策。鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。落实放宽市场准入的各项政策，积极支持民间资本参与国有企业改革，进入基础设施、公用事业、金融服务和社会事业等领域。

We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府机构改革。推进事业单位改革。

We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持对外贸易稳定增长。我们强调扩大内需，绝不能放松出口。面对外部需求急剧萎缩、贸易保护主义抬头的严峻形势，要清理和调整外贸政策，加大对进出口工作的支持力度。坚持出口市场多元化和以质取胜战略，巩固传统出口市场，大力开拓新兴市场。

First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分运用国际通行的财税政策支持出口；适度扩大外贸发展基金规模，重点支持中小企业开拓国际市场和培育出口品牌。

Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善对进出口的金融服务。扩大出口信用保险覆盖面；鼓励金融机构发展出口信贷；创新出口企业融资担保方式。

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是稳步推进加工贸易转型升级。改善加工贸易发展环境，调整加工贸易禁止类和限制类目录；鼓励出口加工业向中西部地区转移。

Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓紧完善鼓励服务贸易的政策措施；大力发展国际服务外包。

Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力扩大进口。重点引进先进技术装备，增加关键零部件元器件、重要能源资源和原材料进口。

Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高贸易便利化水平。优化海关、质检、外汇等方面监管和服务；加强边境口岸建设。

Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是营造良好的国际经贸环境。积极推动多哈回合谈判；加快实施自由贸易区战略；妥善应对贸易摩擦。

We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。稳定利用外资规模，引导外资投向高新技术产业、先进制造业、节能环保产业和现代服务业。进一步清理和规范涉及外商投资的行政收费和检查事项。提升中西部国家级开发区发展水平和沿边开放水平。继续实施“走出去”战略。支持各类有条件的企业对外投资和开展跨国并购，充分发挥大型企业在“走出去”中的主力军作用。积极推进境外经贸合作区建设。发展境外资源合作开发、工程承包和劳务合作。加强企业对外投资合作的金融支持，拓宽对外投资渠道。扩大境外投资备案登记制范围。加强企业对外投资的风险控制和监管。

6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people

（六）大力发展社会事业，着力保障和改善民生

This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量办一些经济社会发展急需、关系人民群众切身利益的大事实事，让人民群众得到更多实惠。

We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百计促进就业。充分发挥服务业、劳动密集型产业、中小企业、非公有制经济在吸纳就业中的作用。实施更加积极的就业政策，中央财政拟投入４２０亿元资金。

First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促进高校毕业生就业放在突出位置。高校毕业生到城乡基层社会管理和公共服务岗位就业，给予社会保险和岗位补贴；到农村基层服务和参军入伍，给予学费补偿和代偿助学贷款。鼓励承担重点科研项目的高校、科研院所和企业吸纳符合条件的毕业生从事科研工作。企业吸纳符合条件的高校毕业生就业，可按规定享受相关就业扶持政策。加快建设一批投资少、见效快的大学生创业园或创业孵化基地。

Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是广开农民工就业门路和稳定现有就业岗位。要发挥政府投资和重大项目建设带动农民工就业的作用。鼓励和支持困难企业与员工协商薪酬，采取灵活用工、弹性工时、技能培训等办法，尽量不裁员。加强有组织的劳务输出，引导农民工有序流动。组织返乡农民工参与农村公共设施建设。

Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是帮助城镇就业困难人员、零就业家庭和灾区劳动力就业。进一步开辟公益性就业岗位。

Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主创业、自谋职业，促进以创业带动就业。在市场准入、财税金融、星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)经营用地等方面提供便利和优惠，鼓励更多劳动者成为创业者。对自主创业、农民工返乡创业要进一步降低门槛，给予更大支持。

Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是进一步改善对就业的公共服务。加强就业信息发布、职业介绍和就业指导工作。大力开展职业培训。加大对就业困难人员和农民工职业技能培训的政策扶持。

We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社会保障体系。

First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推进制度建设。完善基本养老保险制度，继续开展做实个人账户试点，全面推进省级统筹。制定实施农民工养老保险办法。新型农村社会养老保险试点要覆盖全国１０％左右的县（市）。出台养老保险关系转移接续办法。完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。健全城乡社会救助制度。

Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是扩大社会保障覆盖范围。重点做好非公有制经济从业人员、农民工、被征地农民、灵活就业人员和自由职业者参保工作。农村低保要做到应保尽保。多渠道增加全国社会保障基金。切实加强社会保障基金监管，保证基金安全。

Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社会保障待遇。今明两年继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，人均每年增长１０％左右。继续提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准。进一步提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平，提高优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。大力发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。中央财政拟投入社会保障资金２９３０亿元，比上年预计数增加４３９亿元，增长１７．６％。地方财政也要加大投入。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.坚持优先发展教育事业。今年要研究制定国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要，对２０２０年前我国教育改革发展作出全面部署。年内要重点抓好五个方面。

First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促进教育公平。落实好城乡免费义务教育政策。提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，把小学、初中学生人均公用经费分别提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解决农民工子女在输入地免费接受义务教育问题。增加农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难寄宿生的生活补助。争取三年内基本解决农村“普九”债务问题。完善国家助学制度，加大对中等职业学校和高等院校星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)家庭经济困难学生的资助，确保人人享有平等的受教育机会，不让一个孩子因家庭经济困难而失学。

Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是优化教育结构。大力发展职业教育，特别要重点支持农村中等职业教育。逐步实行中等职业教育免费，今年先从农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业做起。继续提高高等教育质量，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设，引导高等学校调整专业和课程设置，适应市场和经济社会发展需求。

Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加强教师队伍建设。对义务教育阶段教师实行绩效工资制度，提高１２００万中小学教师待遇，中央财政为此将投入１２０亿元，地方财政也要增加投入。全面加强教师特别是农村教师培训，鼓励大学生、师范生到基层、农村任教。

Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推进素质教育。各级各类教育都要着眼于促进人的全面发展，加快课程、教材、教育方法和考试评价制度改革，把中小学生从过重的课业负担中解放出来，让学生有更多的时间思考、实践、创造。

Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是实施全国中小学校舍安全工程，推进农村中小学标准化建设。要把学校建成最安星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)全、家长最放心的地方。

We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推进医药卫生事业改革发展。要坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，充分调动广大医务人员的积极性。努力建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。从今年开始，重点抓好以下五项工作。

First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推进基本医疗保障制度建设。将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到９０％以上。中央财政对困难地区关闭破产国有企业退休人员参保给予适当补助。继续提高城镇居民医保和新农合筹资标准和财政补助标准，适当扩大报销范围，提高报销比例。完善城乡医疗救助制度，提高救助水平。

Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立国家基本药物制度。今年要统一制定和发布国家基本药物目录，出台基本药物生产、流通、定价、使用和医保报销政策，减轻群众看病就医基本用药费用负担。

Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基层医疗卫生服务体系。今年要全面完成规划支持的２．９万所乡镇卫生院建设任务。今后三年内中央财政再支持５０００所中心乡镇卫生院、２０００所县级医院和２４００所城市社区卫生服务中心建设。支持边远地区村卫生室建设，实现全国每个行政村都有卫生室。

Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化。扩大免费公共卫生服务范围，城乡居民人均公共卫生服务经费不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大传染病、慢性病和职业病、地方病防治的专项投入。

Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推进公立医院改革试点。重点改革管理体制、运行机制和监管机制。鼓励各地探索政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开的有效形式。逐步取消以药补医机制，推进公立医院补偿机制改革。鼓励各地探索建立医疗服务由利益相关方参与协商的定价机制，建立由有关机构、群众代表和专家参与的质量监管和评价制度。要充分发挥中医药和民族医药在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各级政府拟投入８５００亿元，其中中央财政投入３３１８亿元，以保证医药卫生体制改革的顺利推进。医药卫生体制改革事关人民群星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)众的健康权益，我们要加强领导、精心设计、认真组织，积极稳妥地推进，切实解决看病贵、看病难问题，为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。

We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和计划生育工作，稳定低生育水平。从今年开始，在全国农村实行住院分娩补助政策，定期为孕产妇做产前检查和产后访视，为３岁以下婴幼儿做生长发育检查。加强出生缺陷预防工作。将农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助标准由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加强流动人口服务和管理。保护妇女和未成年人权益。在农村妇女中开展妇科疾病定期检查。支持残疾人事业加快发展。继续加强老龄工作。

We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.大力发展文化体育事业。促进文化发展和繁荣，既有利于丰富人们的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消费领域。积极发展公益性文化事业，加快完善公共文化服务体系，加强重点文化设施、城乡基层文化设施特别是广播电视“村村通”和乡镇综合文化站、农家书屋建设，努力推进文化惠民工程。支持文化产业加快发展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企业。繁荣哲学社会科学，积极发展文学艺术、广播影视、新闻出版事业。加强网络文化建设和管理。做星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)好文物和非物质文化遗产保护。推进公益性文化事业单位管理体制、运行机制改革和经营性文化单位转企改制。加强基层公共体育设施建设，大力开展群众性体育活动，提高竞技体育水平，发展体育产业。

We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加强民主法制建设。积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治。要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。要健全基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善基层民主管理制度，保障人民群众依法直接行使民主权利、管理基层公共事务和公共事业。深入开展法制宣传教育，加强公民意识教育，树立社会主义民主法治、自由平等、公平正义理念。统筹推进城乡社区建设，促进社会组织健康发展。加强政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公众参与度，做到规范、公正、文明执法。

We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加强社会管理，维护社会和谐安定。要特别重视维护群众合法权益，正确处理人民内星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)部矛盾，及时合理解决群众反映的问题，坚决纠正各种损害群众利益的行为。健全社会矛盾纠纷调处化解机制，引导群众以理性合法的方式表达利益诉求。坚持领导干部特别是主要领导干部处理群众来信和接待群众来访制度，服务群众，化解矛盾。健全社会稳定预警机制，积极预防和妥善处置各类群体性事件。深入开展平安创建活动，加强社会治安综合治理。严密防范、依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动，维护国家安全和社会稳定。

7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development

（七）推进政府自身建设，提高驾驭经济社会发展全局的能力

Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.过去一年，政府自身改革和建设取得了新的成绩，但与人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主义、官僚主义比较突出，腐败现象在一些地方、部门和领域比较严重。这些问题必须下大气力解决。要紧紧围绕保增长、保民生、保稳定这个大局，加强政府自身建设。

We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.坚持依法行政。规范行政行为，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正当、高效便民、诚实守信、权责统一。深入贯彻行政许可法，继续推进行政审批制度改革，减少行政许可和审批事项，特别要减少投资审批、项目核准，落实企业的投资主体地位。促进公平竞争，消除地区封锁，打破行业垄断，组织调动各种社会资源，促进经济增长。通过全面正确履行政府职能，创造良好发展环境，增强企业投资的信心，增强社会消费的信心，增强人民群众对国星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)家发展的信心。

We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.实行科学民主决策。各项决策都要做到程序依法规范、过程民主公开、结果科学公正。政府重大决策的形成和执行都要加强调查研究，做到察民情、听民意、聚民智，尊重客观规律，提高决策的预见性、科学性和有效性。要推进政务公开，增加透明度，保障人民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，让人民群众知道政府在想什么、做什么，赢得人民群众的充分理解、广泛支持和积极参与。今年政府投资力度大、新上项目多，要确保监管到位，绝不能搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”和脱离实际的“政绩工程”，绝不允许利用扩大公共投资为单位和个人谋取私利。各级政府都要自觉接受人大监督和政协民主监督，强化监察、审计等专门监督，高度重视人民群众监督和新闻舆论监督，做到行政权力运行到哪里，监督就落实到哪里，财政资金运用到哪里，审计就跟进到哪里。

We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)切实转变工作作风。各级政府要坚定地贯彻中央的决策部署，紧密结合实际，创造性地开展工作，使中央的各项政策落到实处，收到实效。领导干部要深入调查研究，及时发现问题，解决问题；密切联系群众，关心群众疾苦，倾听群众呼声，为群众排忧解难。政府工作人员要始终保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态，和广大人民群众一道知难而进，开拓进取，艰苦奋斗，共克时艰。

We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加强廉政建设和反腐败工作。以规范制度和制约权力为核心，针对腐败现象易发多发的领域和环节，从源头上防治腐败。坚决查处腐败案件，依法惩处腐败分子。我们一定要勤勉尽责，以实际行动和工作业绩，建设为民、务实、廉洁、高效的政府，让人民放心，让人民满意。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面贯彻民族区域自治法，确保中央支持少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展的政策措施落到实处。继续加大对人口较少民族的扶持力度。推进兴边富民行动覆盖所有边境县和新疆生产建设兵团边境团场。支持牧区和少数民族聚居山区加快发展。坚定不移地维护民族团结，进一步构建平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。

We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)

全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。

We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.认真贯彻党的侨务政策，支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。

Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.过去的一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得重要进展。人民解放军为维护国家主权、安全和领土完整，支持国家现代化建设，完成急难险重任务，发挥了重要作用。在新的一年，要着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，推进军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设。大力加强军队思想政治工作。扎实推进机械化条件下军事训练向信息化条件下军事训练转变，不断提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。全面提高武器装备和后勤保障的现代化水平。完善军民结合、寓军于民的国防科研和武器装备生产体系、军队人才培养体系和军队保障体系。积极稳妥地推进军队改革，增强军队建设的生机与活力。加强人民武装警察部队建设，增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。巩固发展军政军民团结。

Fellow Deputies，星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)各位代表！

We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区积极应对国际金融危机，保持繁荣稳定。进一步加强内地与港澳的合作，巩固香港国际金融中心地位，促进澳门经济适度多元发展。加快推进与港澳地区货物贸易的人民币结算试点。不断拓展粤港澳三地合作的深度和广度。加快推动港珠澳大桥、港深机场铁路、广深港高速铁路等基础设施建设。扩大内地服务业对港澳的开放。采取有效措施支持港澳在内地企业特别是中小企业发展，缓解经营困难。伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。我们坚信，香港、澳门同胞一定能够克服面临的困难，开创更加美好的明天！

Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年，对台工作取得重要进展，台湾局势发生积极变化，两岸关系取得重大突破。两岸协商在“九二共识”基础上得到恢复，全面直接双向“三通”已经实现。两岸同胞往来更频繁、经济联系更密切、文化交流更活跃、共同利益更广泛，两岸关系开始步入和平发展轨道。新的一年里，我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，积极构建两岸关系和平发展框架，努力开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。我们要继续全面加强两岸经济合作，共同应对金融危机。积极推进两岸金融合作，支持在大陆的台资企业发展，对符合条件的提供融资服务，鼓励企业自主创新和转型升级。加强两岸双向投资和产业合作，拓展和深化农业合作。支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区的经济发展。加快推进两岸经济关系正常化，推动签定综合性经济合作协议，逐步建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。要加强两岸人员往来，扩大社会各界交流，大力弘扬中华文化，巩固两岸精神纽带。要在一个中国原则的基础上，努力增强两岸双方政治互信。在此基础上，我们愿意通过协商对台湾参与国际组织活动问题作出合情合理安排，探讨两岸政治、军事问题，为结束敌对状态、达成和平协议创造条件。我们坚信，有两岸中华儿女团结奋斗，就一定能够实现祖国的完全统一，实现中华民族的伟大复兴！

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Significant achievements were made in our diplomatic work last year.We joined hands with the international community in tackling the global financial crisis.We successfully hosted the Asia-Europe Meeting and enhanced mutual political trust and pragmatic cooperation between Asian and European countries.We actively advanced bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and played a constructive role in global and regional hotspot issues.We stood firm in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests and in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese 星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)星沙英语(www.xiexiebang.com)nationals and corporations overseas.Further significant progress was made in carrying out all-round diplomacy, and China's international standing and influence rose to a new height.In the coming year, we will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the path of peaceful development and an independent foreign policy of peace, and pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will increase friendly contacts with other countries in the world to create a favorable external environment for the steady and rapid development of China's economy.We will continue to deepen pragmatic cooperation with other parties, work with them to curb the spread of the global financial crisis, promote reform of the international financial system, and oppose trade and investment protectionism, in order to help bring about an early recovery of the world economy.We will continue to take the fundamental interests of the people of China and the world as our starting point and make new contributions to the proper resolution of hotspot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the governments and peoples of other countries to jointly respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and build a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity.过去的一年，外交工作取得显著成就。我们与国际社会携手应对金融危机。成功举办亚欧首脑会议，增进亚欧国家间的政治互信与务实合作。积极推进双边、多边外交，在全球和地区热点问题上发挥建设性作用。坚定维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，保障我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。全方位外交取得新的重大进展，国际地位和影响空前提高。新的一年，我们将继续高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持推进互利共赢的开放战略。加强与世界各国的友好交往，为国内经济平稳较快发展创造有利的外部环境。我们将继续深化与各方的务实合作，共同遏制国际金融危机蔓延，推动国际金融体系改革，反对贸易和投资保护主义，促进世界经济尽快复苏。我们将继续从中国人民和世界各国人民的根本利益出发，为妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题作出新的贡献。中国政府和人民愿同各国政府和人民一道，共同应对风险挑战，共同分享发展机遇，努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

The tasks we face are arduous and formidable, and the responsibilities we bear are great and glorious.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us strengthen our conviction for victory, boldly meet challenges, work in a down-to-earth manner and press ahead resolutely to make new achievements worthy of the times, history and the people, carry forward the great cause of reform, opening up and modernization and celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.我们面临的任务艰巨而繁重，我们肩负的责任重大而光荣。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，坚定必胜信心，勇敢面对挑战，扎实工作，锐意进取，创造无愧于时代、无愧于历史、无愧于人民的新业绩，奋力把改革开放和现代化建设伟大事业推向前进，迎接中华人民共和国成立６０周年！

星沙英语 www.xiexiebang.com

第四篇：2018政府工作报告精简版中英对照

3月5日，李克强总理作政府工作报告，要点如下： 一、五年成就

主要做了9方面工作。办成了不少大事：

国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元。城镇新增就业6600万人以上。基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人。贫困人口减少6800多万。

重点城市重污染天数减少一半。基本完成裁减军队员额30万任务。

高铁网络、电子商务、移动支付、共享经济等引领世界潮流。

还要保持清醒：部分地区经济下行压力较大。在住房、教育、医疗等方面群众还有不少不满意的地方。形式主义、官僚主义不同程度存在。

二、今年目标

国内生产总值增长6.5%左右。居民消费价格涨幅3%左右。

城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇调查失业率5.5%以内。单位国内生产总值能耗下降3%以上。居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步。

三、今年重点工作

收入：提高个人所得税起征点。

教育：切实降低农村学生辍学率，着力解决中小学生课外负担重问题。

医疗：居民基本医保人均财政补助标准再增加40元。扩大跨省异地就医直接结算范围。

去产能：再压减钢铁产能3000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨左右。降成本：再为企业和个人减税8000多亿元。创新：加强新一代人工智能研发应用。加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻关。财税：健全地方税体系，稳妥推进房地产税立法。推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革。三大攻坚战：

严厉打击非法集资、金融诈骗等违法活动。防范化解地方政府债务风险。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上。

二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3%。严禁“洋垃圾”入境。严控填海造地。乡村振兴：探索宅基地所有权、资格权、使用权分置改革。新建改建农村公路20万公里。消费：新能源汽车车辆购置税优惠政策再延长三年。降低重点国有景区门票价格。投资：完成铁路投资7320亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元左右。

开放：放宽或取消银行、证券、基金管理、期货、金融资产管理公司等外资股比限制。探索建设自由贸易港。

Highlights of Chinese Premier’s annual gov’t work report

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a government work report to the first session of the 13th National People's Congress, China's national legislature, Monday morning at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.1.Achievements over the past five years--China’s GDP has risen from 54 trillion RMB to 82.7 trillion RMB.--China has created over 66 million new jobs in urban areas.--Basic medical insurance covers 1.35 billion people.--More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty.--The number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.--China has basically completed the task of cutting troop numbers by 300,000.--China has been leading the world in high-speed rails, e-commerce, cashless payment and sharing economy.Problems remained to be solved: regional economic downward pressure;public dissatisfaction in education, housing, and medical services;bureaucratism and formalism still exist to varying degrees.2.Major targets for 2018

--GDP growth of around 6.5 percent--CPI increase of around 3 percent--Over 11 million new urban jobs, the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent--Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth--A drop of at least 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP 3.2018’s priorities

Income: to raise the personal income tax threshold.Education: China will significantly reduce the rural dropout rate, and give attention to addressing the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens on primary and secondary school students.Health care: Per capita government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will be increased by 40 yuan.China will expand the coverage of interprovincial on-the-spot settlement of medical bills through basic insurance accounts.Overcapacity cut: to further cut steel production capacity by around 30 million metric tons and coal production capacity by approximately 150 million metric tons in 2018.Tax reduction: To reduce taxes on businesses and individuals by more than 800 billion yuan(about 126 billion U.S.dollars).Innovation: To strengthen research in artificial intelligence, air pollution management and cancer prevention.Finance and taxation: To improve local governments' tax systems and prudently advance legislation on real estate tax.4.'Three critical battles': forestalling and defusing major risks, targeted poverty alleviation and addressing pollution China will crack down on activities that violate the law like illegal fundraising and financial fraud, as well as forestall and defuse local government debt risk.China will further reduce the poor rural population by over 10 million.China will cut sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by 3 percent, completely prohibit garbage from being bought into China as well as impose strict control over coastal area reclamation.Rural revitalization: China will experiment with separating the ownership rights, qualification rights and use rights for rural land designated for house.China will build or upgrade 200,000 kilometers of rural roads.Consumption: China will extend preferential policies on purchase tax on new-energy vehicles by another three years.China will lower ticket prices at key state tourist sites.Investment: This year China will see 732 billion yuan invested in railway construction and around 1.8 trillion yuan invested in highway and waterway projects.More opening up: China will ease or lift restrictions on the shares of foreign-owned equity in companies in sectors including banking, securities, fund management, futures and financial asset management, and explore opening free trade ports.

第五篇：09年政府工作报告中英对照

2009年政府工作报告中英对照

Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009

——２００９年３月５日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上温家宝 Premier of the State Council 国务院总理

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

I.Review of the Work in 2008

一、２００８年工作回顾

The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是极不平凡的一年。我国经济社会发展经受住了历史罕见的重大挑战和考验。在中国共产党领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，奋力拼搏，战胜各种艰难险阻，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过３０万亿元，比上年增长９％；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入６．１３万亿元，增长１９．５％；粮食连续五年增产，总产量５２８５０万吨，创历史最高水平。

-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革开放深入推进。财税、金融、价格、行政管理等重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破。进出口贸易总额２．５６万亿美元，增长１７．８％。实际利用外商直接投资９２４亿美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社会事业加快发展，人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业１１１３万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，农村居民人均纯收入４７６１元，实际增长８．４％和８％。

-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面夺取抗击特大自然灾害的重大胜利。成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会。圆满完成神舟七号载人航天飞行。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.这些成就，标志着我们在中国特色社会主义道路上迈出新的坚实步伐，极大地增强了全国各族人民战胜困难的勇气和力量，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上继续奋勇前进。Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年来，我们做了以下主要工作：

1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

（一）及时果断调整宏观经济政策，全力保持经济平稳较快发展

We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我们正确把握宏观调控的方向、重点、力度和节奏，采取一系列促进经济平稳较快发展的政策措施，在复杂多变的形势下，积极应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，努力增强调控的预见性、针对性和有效性。年中，在国际能源和粮食价格处于高位、世界经济增长放缓的情况下，针对沿海地区出现出口和经济增速下滑苗头，及时把宏观调控的首要任务调整为“保持经济平稳较快发展，控制物价过快上涨”，并采取了一些有针对性的财税金融措施。９月份后，国际经济形势急转直下，对我国的不利影响明显加重，我们又果断地把宏观调控的着力点转到防止经济增速过快下滑上来，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，三次提高出口退税率，五次下调金融机构存贷款基准利率，四次下调存款准备金率，暂免储蓄存款利息个人所得税，下调证券交易印花税，降低住房交易税费，加大对中小企业信贷支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要准、工作要实的要求，迅速推出进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，争分夺秒地加以落实；接连出台金融支持经济发展、促进轻纺工业健康发展、促进房地产市场健康发展、搞活流通扩大消费和保持对外贸易稳定增长、稳定就业等政策措施，加快制定重点产业调整振兴规划。这些措施对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期、保持经济平稳较快发展，发挥了至关重要的作用。

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加强“三农”工作。全年中央财政用于“三农”的投入５９５５亿元，比上年增加１６３７亿元，增长３７．９％，其中粮食直补、农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴资金达１０３０亿元，比上年增长一倍。三次较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过２０％。实施主要农产品临时收储政策。加强耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高农业综合生产能力。扶持生猪、油料、奶业发展。这些政策措施在保护和调动农民积极性、保障重要农产品供给、增加农民收入方面发挥了重要作用，为稳定经济社会发展全局提供了有力支撑。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.坚定不移地推进自主创新和经济结构调整。实施１６个国家重大科技专项。在信息、生物、环保等领域新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。成功研发支线飞机、新能源汽车、高速铁路等一批关键技术和重大装备。中央财政科技投入１１６３亿元，增长１６．４％。电信、航空等行业重组迈出重要步伐。继续淘汰落后产能，全年关停小火电１６６９万千瓦，关闭小煤矿１０５４处。加大基础设施和基础产业投资力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和开工一批重大项目。扎实推进区域发展总体战略，区域经济发展协调性增强。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.坚持不懈地推动节能减排和生态环境保护。中央财政安排４２３亿元资金，支持十大重点节能工程和环保设施等项目建设。全国新增城市污水日处理能力１１４９万吨，新

增燃煤脱硫机组容量９７１２万千瓦。单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降１０．０８％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少６．６１％和８．９５％。巩固退耕还林还草成果，推进天然林、青海三江源等生态保护和建设工程。实施重点流域、区域水污染防治规划。发布了《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书。

2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives

（二）统筹经济社会发展，全面加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就业和社会保障工作进一步加强。完善促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策，落实最低工资制度。各项社会保险覆盖面继续扩大，城镇职工基本养老保险、基本医疗保险参保人数分别增加１７５３万和２０２８万，失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数继续增加。企业退休人员养老金人均每月新增１１０元。启动事业单位基本养老保险制度改革试点。积极探索建立新型农村社会养老保险制度，农民工、被征地农民社会保障工作稳步推进。全面加强城乡居民最低生活保障制度建设，救助人数达到６６１９万人。及时增加对低收入群体和大学生的生活补贴。大幅度提高重点优抚对象的抚恤优待标准。加大保障性住房建设和棚户区改造力度，低收入群众住房困难问题得到一定程度缓解。解决４８００多万农村人口的饮水安全问题。

Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促进教育公平取得新进展。全面实行城乡免费义务教育，对所有农村义务教育阶段学生免费提供教科书。提高中西部地区校舍维修标准，国家财政安排３２．５亿元帮助解决北方农村中小学取暖问题。职业教育加快发展。国家助学制度进一步完善，中央财政投入２２３亿元，地方财政也加大投入，资助学生超过２０００万人；向中等职业学校中来自城市经济困难家庭和农村的学生提供助学金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。

Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.医药卫生改革发展稳步推进。参加新型农村合作医疗的人口８．１４亿，参合率９１．５％。城镇居民基本医疗保险试点城市由上年的８８个增加到３１７个，参保人数

增加７３５９万，总计达到１．１７亿。城市社区卫生服务体系建设取得重大进展。农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和少生快富工程实施范围继续扩大。

We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化体育事业加快发展。公共文化基础设施建设得到加强，文化产业快速发展，文化体制改革不断深化。全力举办了有特色、高水平的北京奥运会、残奥会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想；中国运动员顽强拼搏，取得优异成绩，这极大地激发了全国人民的爱国热情，增强了民族凝聚力。

We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建设继续加强。基层民主制度进一步健全。依法行政深入推进。国务院提请全国人大常委会审议了社会保险法、防震减灾法等８件法律议案，制定或修订了３０件行政法规。全面实施政府信息公开条例。加强社会治安防控体系建设，开展反分裂、反恐怖斗争，维护了国家安全和社会稳定。民族、宗教、侨务工作进一步加强。

3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development

（三）积极推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力

Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.国务院机构改革基本完成，地方机构改革稳步推进。农村综合改革继续深化，集体林权制度改革全面推开。国有企业改革不断深化。中国农业银行和国家开发银行股份制改革顺利进行。实施新的企业所得税法，统一内外资企业和个人房地产税收制度。酝酿多年的成品油价格和税费改革顺利推出。制定医药卫生体制改革方案并公开征求意见。体制机制创新为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.对外开放水平继续提高。大力实施以质取胜和出口市场多元化战略。加强科技兴贸创新基地和服务外包基地建设，支持自主品牌和自主知识产权产品出口。完善加工贸易政策体系。稳步扩大服务业对外开放，加强对外商投资方向的引导。整合建立新的对外经济技术合作专项资金，发布对外承包工程管理条例，理顺对外劳务合作管理体制。积极

推进境外能源资源合作，企业“走出去”步伐加快，对外援助进一步扩大。自由贸易区建设、与主要经贸伙伴的经济对话、同发展中国家的互利合作取得新进展。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我国发生震惊世界的汶川特大地震。在党中央、国务院坚强领导下，全国各族人民特别是灾区人民万众一心、众志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、冲锋在前，展开了我国历史上救援速度最快、动员范围最广、投入力量最大的抗震救灾斗争。我们坚持把抢救人的生命放在第一位，从废墟中抢救生还者８．４万人。迅速抢修基础设施，果断处置唐家山堰塞湖，避免严重次生灾害发生；全力开展防疫工作，实现了大灾之后无大疫。中央财政安排３８４亿元救灾款和７４０亿元恢复重建资金，迅速出台一系列支援灾区的政策措施。积极开展对口支援。社会各界踊跃捐助款物，广大香港同胞、澳门同胞、台湾同胞以及海外华侨华人奉献爱心，国际社会伸出援手，汇成了齐心协力抗击灾害的磅礴力量。这场艰苦卓绝的抗震救灾斗争，涌现出无数感天动地、可歌可泣的英雄事迹，充分展现了中国人民不屈不挠、自强不息的伟大民族精神，谱写了气壮山河的壮丽篇章。

None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.过去一年的成就来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民同心同德、团结奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们正面临前所未有的困难和挑战。First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是国际金融危机还在蔓延、仍未见底。国际市场需求继续萎缩，全球通货紧缩趋势明显，贸易保护主义抬头，外部经济环境更加严峻，不确定因素显著增多。

Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on Employment.Factors

leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受国际金融危机影响，经济增速持续下滑，已成为影响全局的主要矛盾。一些行业产能过剩，部分企业经营困难，就业形势十分严峻，财政减收增支因素增多，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大。

Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是长期制约我国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾依然存在，有的还很突出。消费需求不足，第三产业发展滞后，自主创新能力不强，能源资源消耗多，环境污染重，城乡、区域发展差距仍在扩大。

Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群众切身利益的问题没有根本缓解，社会保障、教育、医疗、收入分配、社会治安等方面存在不少亟待解决的问题。

Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市场秩序不规范，市场监管和执法不到位，社会诚信体系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生产重特大事故接连发生，给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失，教训十分深刻。

We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我们一定要深刻认识国际国内经济形势的严峻性和复杂性，增强危机意识和忧患意识，充分利用有利条件，积极应对各种挑战，努力做好各项工作，绝不辜负人民的期望和重托。

II.General Plan for the Work in 2009

二、２００９年工作总体部署

This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是实施“十一五”规划的关键之年，也是进入新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年，改革发展稳定的任务十分繁重。

An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.综观国际国内形势，我国仍处于重要战略机遇期。挑战与机遇并存，困难与希望同在。

我国经济社会发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势没有改变。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力克服困难，战胜挑战。我们的信心和力量，来自中央对形势的科学判断和准确把握；来自已经制定并实施的应对挑战、着眼长远的一系列政策举措；来自工业化、城镇化快速推进中的基础设施建设、产业结构和消费结构升级、环境保护、生态建设和社会事业发展等方面的巨大需求；来自充裕的资金、丰富的劳动力资源等要素支撑；来自运行稳健的金融体系、活力增强的各类企业和富于弹性的宏观调控政策；来自改革开放３０年建立的物质、科技基础和体制条件；来自集中力量办大事的政治和制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境以及全国上下促进科学发展的积极性、创造性；来自中华民族坚忍不拔、发愤图强的伟大精神力量。只要我们紧紧依靠党的领导和全国各族人民，就没有克服不了的困难，就一定能够把国际金融危机的不利影响降到最低程度，就一定能够推动经济社会又好又快发展。

To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，把保持经济平稳较快发展作为经济工作的首要任务，加强和改善宏观调控，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力转变发展方式、加快经济结构战略性调整，着力深化改革、提高对外开放水平，着力改善民生促进社会和谐，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设。

We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长８％左右，经济结构进一步优化；城镇新增就业９００万人以上，城镇登记失业率４．６％以内；城乡居民收入稳定增长；居民消费价格总水平涨幅４％左右；国际收支状况继续改善。这里要着重说明，提出８％左右的国内生产总值增长目标，综合考虑了发展的需要和可能。在我们这样一个１３亿人口的发展中国家，要扩大城乡就业，增加居民收入，维护社会稳定，就必须保持一定的经济增长速度。只要政策对头，措施得当，落实有力，就有可能实现这一目标。

To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必须把握好以下原则：

First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是扩内需、保增长。坚持把扭转经济增速下滑趋势作为宏观调控最重要的目标，把扩大国内需求作为促进经济增长的长期战略方针和根本着力点，增加有效需求，加强薄弱环节，充分发挥内需特别是消费需求拉动经济增长的主导作用。

Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.二是调结构、上水平。坚持把推进经济结构调整和自主创新作为转变发展方式的主攻方向，变压力为动力，坚定不移地保护和发展先进生产力，淘汰落后产能，整合生产要素，拓展发展空间，实现保增长和调结构、增效益相统一，增强国民经济整体素质和发展后劲。

Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。坚持把深化改革开放作为促进科学发展的根本动力，进一步解放思想，加大重点领域和关键环节改革力度，消除体制机制障碍，激发创造活力。

Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和谐。越是困难的时候，越要关注民生，越要促进社会和谐稳定。坚持把保障和改善民生作为经济工作的出发点和落脚点，实行更加积极的就业政策，把促进增长与扩大就业、改善民生紧密结合起来，让人民群众共享改革发展的成果。III.Major Tasks for 2009

三、２００９年主要任务

This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以应对国际金融危机、促进经济平稳较快发展为主线，统筹兼顾，突出重点，全面实施促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。大规模增加政府投资，实施总额４万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增１．１８万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力；大力推进自主创新，加强科技支撑，增强发展后劲；大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。以实施一揽子计划为重点，今年要着力抓好以下七方面工作：

1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展

We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要坚持灵活审慎的调控方针，提高宏观调控的应变能力和实际效果，尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势，保持经济平稳较快发展。

We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.实施积极的财政政策。

First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the

GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe.一是大幅度增加政府支出，这是扩大内需最主动、最直接、最有效的措施。今年财政收支紧张的矛盾十分突出。一方面，经济增速放缓、减轻企业和居民税负必然会使财政收入增速下降；另一方面，为刺激经济增长、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投资和政府支出。为弥补财政减收增支形成的缺口，拟安排中央财政赤字７５００亿元，比上年增加５７００亿元，同时国务院同意地方发行２０００亿元债券，由财政部代理发行，列入省级预算管理。全国财政赤字合计９５００亿元，占国内生产总值比重在３％以内，虽然当年赤字增加较多，但由于前几年连续减少赤字，发债空间较大，累计国债余额占国内生产总值比重２０％左右，这是我国综合国力可以承受的，总体上也是安全的。

Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是实行结构性减税和推进税费改革。采取减税、退税或抵免税等多种方式减轻企业和居民税负，促进企业投资和居民消费，增强微观经济活力。初步测算，今年全面实施增值税转型，落实已出台的中小企业、房地产和证券交易相关税收优惠以及出口退税等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００项行政事业性收费，可减轻企业和居民负担约５０００亿元。

Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是优化财政支出结构。继续加大对重点领域投入，严格控制一般性开支，努力降低行政成本。We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策要在促进经济增长方面发挥更加积极的作用。First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.一是改善金融调控。保证货币信贷总量满足经济发展需求，广义货币增长１７％左右，新增贷款５万亿元以上。

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是优化信贷结构。加强对信贷投向的监测和指导，加大对“三农”、中小企业等薄弱环节的金融支持，切实解决一些企业融资难问题。严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业企业的贷款。

Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是进一步理顺货币政策传导机制，保证资金渠道畅通。充分发挥各类金融机构的优势和特点，创新和改进金融服务，满足合理资金需求，形成金融促进经济发展的合力。

Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加强和改进金融监管。各类金融企业都要加强风险管理，增强抵御风险能力。处理好金融创新、金融开放与金融监管的关系。加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated

with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。

2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth

（二）积极扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，增强内需对经济增长的拉动作用

First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是扩大消费尤其是居民消费。继续调整收入分配格局，提高劳动报酬占国民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、扩大消费的比重，增加对城镇低收入群众和农民的补贴。要培育消费热点，拓展消费空间。完善汽车消费政策，加快发展二手车市场和汽车租赁市场，引导和促进汽车合理消费。大力发展社区商业、物业、家政等便民消费，加快发展旅游休闲消费，扩大文化娱乐、体育健身等服务消费，积极发展网络动漫等新型消费。完善消费政策，优化消费环境。加快建设“万村千乡”市场工程，推进连锁经营向农村延伸。要加强城乡消费设施和服务体系建设，规范市场秩序，维护消费者合法权益。抓紧研究出台鼓励消费的政策措施，积极发展消费信贷。做好“家电下乡”、“农机下乡”、“汽车、摩托车下乡”等工作，把中央财政的４００亿元补贴资金用好用活，使企业增加销售、农民得到实惠。

Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构。今年中央政府投资总额９０８０亿元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、卫生、文化等民生工程建设，节能环保和生态建设，技术改造与科技创新，农田水利、铁路、高速公路等重点基础设施建设和地震灾后恢复重建。政府投资必须用在应对危机最关键的地方，用在经济社会发展的薄弱环节，绝不能用于一般加工工业。要抓紧研究出台鼓励引导社会投资的优惠政策。通过发布信息、加强引导，支持社会资本投向符合国家产业政策的领域，鼓励企业增加研发和技改投资。我们的每一分钱都来自人民，必须对人民负责。所有工程建设都要坚持百年大计、质量第一，给子孙后代留下宝贵财富。

Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促进房地产市场稳定健康发展。采取更加积极有效的政策措施，稳定市场信心和预期，稳定房地产投资，推动房地产业平稳有序发展。加快落实和完善促进保障性住房建设的政策措施，争取用三年时间，解决７５０万户城市低收入住房困难家庭和２４０万户林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区居民的住房问题。今年中央财政拟安排保障性安居工程资金４９３亿元，加大对廉租房建设和棚户区改造的投资支持力度，适当提高中西部地区补助标准，扩大农村危房改造试点范围，实施少数民族地区游牧民定居工程。选择一些有条件的地区进行试点，把部分住房公积金闲置资金补充用于经济适用住房建设。积极发展公共租赁住房。落实好支持居民购买自住性和改善性住房的信贷、税收和其他政策。对符合条件的第二套普通自住房购买者，比照执行首次贷款购买普通自住房的优惠政策；对住房转让环节营业税，按不同年限实行有区别的税收减免政策。促进普通商品住房消费和供给，加大对中小套型、中低价位普通商品房建设的信贷支持。加快发展二手房市场和住房租赁市场。鼓励引导各地因地制宜稳定和发展房地产市场，加强住房市场分类管理。继续整顿房地产市场秩序，规范交易行为。帮助进城农民工解决住房困难问题。深化城镇住房制度改革，满足居民多层次住房需求，努力实现住有所居的目标。

Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。抓紧全面实施灾后恢复重建总体规划，中央财政今年再安排１３００亿元灾后重建资金。加快灾区城乡居民住房恢复重建，实行维修加固

与新建相结合。基本完成因灾倒塌和严重损毁农房重建任务，保证受灾群众在今年底前住进新房。加快地震灾区学校恢复建设，确保今年底９５％以上的学生都能在永久性校舍中学习。继续推进交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施恢复重建。搞好地质灾害防治、生态修复、环境整治和灾毁耕地复耕。结合实施重点产业调整振兴规划，加快灾区产业重建与发展。继续搞好对口支援和专项援助，管好用好灾后重建资金和物资。灾后重建要加大力度，加快进度，力争在两年内基本完成原定三年的目标任务，让灾区人民早日过上更加幸福美好的生活。

3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes

（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位，促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收

We will focus on the following five areas.今年重点抓好五件事：

First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是稳定发展粮食生产。切实稳定种植面积，着力提高单产，优化品种结构，推进全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。

Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市场需求为导向调整农业结构。支持重要紧缺农产品生产，提高农产品质量、效益和竞争力。加快实施新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划，支持优势产区发展油料等经济作物，稳定生猪生产，实施奶业振兴规划，推进畜牧水产规模化标准化健康养殖。加强重大动植物疫病防控。

Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加强农业基础设施和农村民生工程建设。大规模开展土地整治，实行田、水、路、林综合治理，推进中低产田改造，建设高标准农田。加快大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固进度，加强灌区改造和小型农田水利建设。到明年底，基本实现全国乡镇和东中部地区具备条件的建制村道路硬化，西部地区具备条件的建制村通公路。再解决６０００万人安全饮水问题，增加５００万沼气用户，继续加强农村电网、邮政通信和社会事业等基础建设。

Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促进农民增收。大力发展特色现代农业，扶持农产品精深加工和销售，发展农村二三产业，加快小城镇建设，壮大县域经济。

Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of

residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶贫开发力度。今年将实行新的扶贫标准，对农村低收入人口全面实施扶贫政策。新标准提高到人均１１９６元，扶贫对象覆盖４００７万人，这标志着我国扶贫开发进入一个新阶段。要完善国家扶贫战略和政策，加大扶贫资金投入，坚持开发式扶贫，重点抓好整村推进、劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫和移民扶贫，稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题并努力实现脱贫致富。

We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加强“三农”工作要采取以下措施：

First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加农业农村投入。今年中央财政拟安排“三农”投入７１６１亿元，比上年增加１２０６亿元。大幅度增加对中西部地区农村公益性建设项目投入，取消县及县以下相关资金配套要求。支持粮食生产的政策措施向主产区倾斜，加大对产粮大县一般性转移支付、财政奖励和粮食产业建设项目的扶持力度。

Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.二要较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，保持农产品价格合理水平，提高种粮农民积极性。今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每斤分别提高０．１１元和０．１３元。适时启动主要农产品临时收储政策，增加粮食、棉花、食用植物油和猪肉储备，加强农产品市场调控。

Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要进一步增加农业补贴。中央财政拟安排补贴资金１２３０亿元，比上年增加２００亿元。继续增加粮食直补。加大良种补贴力度，提高补贴标准，实现水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花全覆盖，扩大油菜和大豆良种补贴范围，实施油茶良种补贴。农机具购置补贴覆盖到全国所有农牧业县（场），中央财政拟安排资金１３０亿元，比上年增加９０亿元。根据农资价格上涨幅度和农作物播种面积，及时增加农资综合补贴。

Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型农业社会化服务体系建设。加大农业科技投入，加强农业科技创新成果推广和服务能力建设。健全基层农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构，支持供销合作社、农民专业合作社、龙头企业等提供多种形式的生产经营服务。

Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible

systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要稳定完善农村基本经营制度。现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变，赋予农民包括离乡农民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权。土地承包经营权流转必须坚持依法自愿有偿的原则。坚持和落实最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，严守１８亿亩耕地红线不动摇。推进集体林权制度改革。深化农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革。积极稳妥化解乡村债务。

4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring

（四）加快转变发展方式，大力推进经济结构战略性调整

This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要围绕保增长、促升级，重点抓好产业结构调整。

First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是认真实施汽车、钢铁、造船、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、现代物流等重点产业调整和振兴规划。着力解决这些行业发展中存在的突出矛盾和问题，推进结构调整和优化升级。

Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推进企业组织结构调整和兼并重组，支持优势企业并购落后企业和困难企业，鼓励强强联合和上下游一体化经营，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。

Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企业发展。抓紧落实金融支持政策，健全融资担保体系，简化贷款程序，增加贷款规模。中央财政中小企业发展资金从３９亿元增加到９６亿元。继续实行鼓励中小企业科技创新、技术改造、增加就业的税收优惠政策。健全中小企业社会化服务体系。

Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是积极支持企业加快技术改造，建设创新型企业。中央财政拟安排２００亿元专项资金，主要用贴息方式支持企业技术改造。鼓励企业应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，适应市场变化，开发适销对路产品，推进产品创新，提高产品质量和生产经营水平。

Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快发展现代服务业。促进金融保险、现代物流、信息咨询、软件和创意产业发展，拓展新兴服务领域。提升传统服务业。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up

25.6% from last year.大力推进科技创新。科技创新要与扩内需、促增长，调结构、上水平紧密结合起来。今年中央财政科技投入１４６１亿元，增长２５．６％。

First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快实施国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，特别是科技重大专项。选择一些带动力强、影响面大、见效快的项目抓紧开展工作，争取尽快突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，带动产业转型和技术升级，支撑产业振兴和经济长远发展。

Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技体制改革，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。动员更多科技人员投身经济建设第一线，推广技术、研发产品、创办科技型企业。推进产学研结合，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。

Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做强做大装备制造业。落实自主研发重大装备国内依托工程和政府采购制度，着力发展重大成套设备、高技术装备和高技术产业所需装备，提高装备制造业集成创新和国产化水平。Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推进新能源、生物、医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合、节能环保等技术研发和产业化，发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求。

Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要继续实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和知识产权战略。继续推进国家创新体系建设，加强基础科学和前沿技术研究，加快重大科技基础设施和公用平台建设。积极引进海外高层次人才和智力，加强各类人才队伍建设。提高知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理水平。

We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加强节能减排和生态环保工作。

First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工业、交通、建筑三大领域节能，继续推进十大重点节能工程建设，落实电机、锅炉、汽车、空调、照明等方面的节能措施。

Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for

energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力发展循环经济和清洁能源。坚持节能节水节地。积极发展核电、水电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源。推进洁净煤技术产业化。严格执行能耗和环保国家标准，加大节能技术和产品推广应用力度，加强资源综合利用。

Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全节能环保各项政策，按照节能减排指标体系、考核体系、监测体系，狠抓落实。

Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是开展全民节能减排行动，国家机关、公共企事业单位要发挥表率作用。Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是继续强化重点流域、区域污染防治，加强石漠化、荒漠化治理，实施重点防护林、天然林保护和京津风沙源治理等生态建设工程，保护水、森林、草原、湿地等生态环境。推进农村环境综合整治。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序。合理开发利用海洋资源。

Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and strengthen these areas.六是实施应对气候变化国家方案，提高应对气候变化能力。加强气象、地震、防灾减灾、测绘基础研究和能力建设。

We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高产品质量和安全生产水平。今年要在全国开展整顿和规范市场秩序专项行动以及“质量和安全年”活动，各行各业都要加强全员、全过程、全方位质量和安全管理。进一步强化重点行业安全生产监管，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生。深入开展食品药品安全专项整治，健全并严格执行产品质量安全标准。实行严格的市场准入制度和产品质量追溯制度、召回制度。要让人民群众买得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。

We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.继续实施西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地振兴、中部地区崛起、东部地区率先发展的区域发展总体战略，促进区域协调发展。鼓励各地从实际出发，充分发挥自身优势，在应对外部冲击中闯出发展新路。东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区要继续当好改革开放排头兵。进一步支持中西部和东北地区加强薄弱环节，以消除瓶颈制约为重点，加大基础设施、生态建设和环境保护投资力度，新开工一批交通、水利重点工程，加快建设一批粮食、能源原材料、装备制造等优势产业基地和特色产业基地，加快重点地区优先开发，促进矿产资源枯竭型城市经济转型。抓紧研究制定中西部地区承接产业转移的具体政策。制定和实施全国主体功能区规划。大力扶持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区发展。

5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner

（五）继续深化改革开放，进一步完善有利于科学发展的体制机制

Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革开放是经济社会发展的不竭动力。我们将坚持改革开放不动摇，通过深化改革破解发展难题，在扩大开放中赢得发展机遇。

We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推进资源性产品价格改革。继续深化电价改革，逐步完善上网电价、输配电价和销售电价形成机制，适时理顺煤电价格关系。积极推进水价改革，逐步提高水利工程供非农业用水价格，完善水资源费征收管理体制。加快建立健全矿产资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿机制，积极开展排污权交易试点。

We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推进财税体制改革。全面实施增值税转型改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加等制度。改革完善资源税制度。研究推进房地产税制改革。继续清理行政事业性收费和政府性基金，加强规范管理。深化预算制度改革，实现政府公共预算、国有资本经营预算、政府性基金预算和社会保障预算的有机衔接，积极推进预算公开。完善财政转移支付制度。推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。

We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推进金融体制改革。深化国有金融机构改革。稳步发展多种所有制中小金融企业和新

型农村金融机构。积极引导民间融资健康发展。推进资本市场改革，维护股票市场稳定。发展和规范债券市场。稳步发展期货市场。深化保险业改革，积极发挥保险保障和融资功能。推进利率市场化改革。完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。健全金融监管协调机制。

We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推进国有企业改革和支持非公有制经济发展。深化国有大型企业公司制、股份制改革，建立健全现代企业制度。加快铁路、电力、盐业等行业改革。完善民航、电信管理体制，制定出台电信体制改革配套监管政策。鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。落实放宽市场准入的各项政策，积极支持民间资本参与国有企业改革，进入基础设施、公用事业、金融服务和社会事业等领域。

We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府机构改革。推进事业单位改革。

We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持对外贸易稳定增长。我们强调扩大内需，绝不能放松出口。面对外部需求急剧萎缩、贸易保护主义抬头的严峻形势，要清理和调整外贸政策，加大对进出口工作的支持力度。坚持出口市场多元化和以质取胜战略，巩固传统出口市场，大力开拓新兴市场。

First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分运用国际通行的财税政策支持出口；适度扩大外贸发展基金规模，重点支持中小企业开拓国际市场和培育出口品牌。

Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善对进出口的金融服务。扩大出口信用保险覆盖面；鼓励金融机构发展出口信贷；创新出口企业融资担保方式。

Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是稳步推进加工贸易转型升级。改善加工贸易发展环境，调整加工贸易禁止类和限制类目录；鼓励出口加工业向中西部地区转移。

Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓紧完善鼓励服务贸易的政策措施；大力发展国际服务外包。

Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力扩大进口。重点引进先进技术装备，增加关键零部件元器件、重要能源资源和原材料进口。

Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高贸易便利化水平。优化海关、质检、外汇等方面监管和服务；加强边境口岸建设。

Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是营造良好的国际经贸环境。积极推动多哈回合谈判；加快实施自由贸易区战略；妥善应对贸易摩擦。

We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。稳定利用外资规模，引导外资投向高新技术产业、先进制造业、节能环保产业和现代服务业。进一步清理和规范涉及外商投资的行政收费和检查事项。提升中西部国家级开发区发展水平和沿边开放水平。继续实施“走出去”战略。支持各类有条件的企业对外投资和开展跨国并购，充分发挥大型企业在“走出去”中的主力军作用。积极推进境外经贸合作区建设。发展境外资源合作开发、工程承包和劳务合作。加强企业对外投资合作的金融支持，拓宽对外投资渠道。扩大境外投资备案登记制范围。加强企业对外投资的风险控制和监管。

6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people

（六）大力发展社会事业，着力保障和改善民生 This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量办一些经济社会发展急需、关系人民群众切身利益的大事实事，让人民群众得到更多实惠。

We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百计促进就业。充分发挥服务业、劳动密集型产业、中小企业、非公有制经济在吸纳就业中的作用。实施更加积极的就业政策，中央财政拟投入４２０亿元资金。

First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促进高校毕业生就业放在突出位置。高校毕业生到城乡基层社会管理和公共服务岗位就业，给予社会保险和岗位补贴；到农村基层服务和参军入伍，给予学费补偿和代偿助学贷款。鼓励承担重点科研项目的高校、科研院所和企业吸纳符合条件的毕业生从事科研工作。企业吸纳符合条件的高校毕业生就业，可按规定享受相关就业扶持政策。加快建设一批投资少、见效快的大学生创业园或创业孵化基地

Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job

training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是广开农民工就业门路和稳定现有就业岗位。要发挥政府投资和重大项目建设带动农民工就业的作用。鼓励和支持困难企业与员工协商薪酬，采取灵活用工、弹性工时、技能培训等办法，尽量不裁员。加强有组织的劳务输出，引导农民工有序流动。组织返乡农民工参与农村公共设施建设。

Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是帮助城镇就业困难人员、零就业家庭和灾区劳动力就业。进一步开辟公益性就业岗位。

Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主创业、自谋职业，促进以创业带动就业。在市场准入、财税金融、经营用地等方面提供便利和优惠，鼓励更多劳动者成为创业者。对自主创业、农民工返乡创业要进一步降低门槛，给予更大支持。

Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是进一步改善对就业的公共服务。加强就业信息发布、职业介绍和就业指导工作。大力开展职业培训。加大对就业困难人员和农民工职业技能培训的政策扶持。

We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社会保障体系。

First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推进制度建设。完善基本养老保险制度，继续开展做实个人账户试点，全面推进省级统筹。制定实施农民工养老保险办法。新型农村社会养老保险试点要覆盖全国１０％左右的县（市）。出台养老保险关系转移接续办法。完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。健全城乡社会救助制度。

Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是扩大社会保障覆盖范围。重点做好非公有制经济从业人员、农民工、被征地农民、灵活就业人员和自由职业者参保工作。农村低保要做到应保尽保。多渠道增加全国社会保障基金。切实加强社会保障基金监管，保证基金安全。

Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社会保障待遇。今明两年继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，人均每年增长１０％左右。继续提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准。进一步提高城乡低保、农村五保

等保障水平，提高优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。大力发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。中央财政拟投入社会保障资金２９３０亿元，比上年预计数增加４３９亿元，增长１７．６％。地方财政也要加大投入。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.坚持优先发展教育事业。今年要研究制定国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要，对２０２０年前我国教育改革发展作出全面部署。年内要重点抓好五个方面。

First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促进教育公平。落实好城乡免费义务教育政策。提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，把小学、初中学生人均公用经费分别提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解决农民工子女在输入地免费接受义务教育问题。增加农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难寄宿生的生活补助。争取三年内基本解决农村“普九”债务问题。完善国家助学制度，加大对中等职业学校和高等院校家庭经济困难学生的资助，确保人人享有平等的受教育机会，不让一个孩子因家庭经济困难而失学。

Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是优化教育结构。大力发展职业教育，特别要重点支持农村中等职业教育。逐步实行中等职业教育免费，今年先从农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业做起。继续提高高等教育质量，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设，引导高等学校调整专业和课程设置，适应市场和经济社会发展需求。

Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加强教师队伍建设。对义务教育阶段教师实行绩效工资制度，提高１２００万中小学教师待遇，中央财政为此将投入１２０亿元，地方财政也要增加投入。全面加强教师特别是农村教师培训，鼓励大学生、师范生到基层、农村任教。

Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推进素质教育。各级各类教育都要着眼于促进人的全面发展，加快课程、教材、教育方法和考试评价制度改革，把中小学生从过重的课业负担中解放出来，让学生有更多的时间思考、实践、创造。

Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是实施全国中小学校舍安全工程，推进农村中小学标准化建设。要把学校建成最安全、家长最放心的地方。

We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We

will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推进医药卫生事业改革发展。要坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，充分调动广大医务人员的积极性。努力建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。从今年开始，重点抓好以下五项工作。

First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推进基本医疗保障制度建设。将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到９０％以上。中央财政对困难地区关闭破产国有企业退休人员参保给予适当补助。继续提高城镇居民医保和新农合筹资标准和财政补助标准，适当扩大报销范围，提高报销比例。完善城乡医疗救助制度，提高救助水平。

Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立国家基本药物制度。今年要统一制定和发布国家基本药物目录，出台基本药物生产、流通、定价、使用和医保报销政策，减轻群众看病就医基本用药费用负担。

Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and

townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基层医疗卫生服务体系。今年要全面完成规划支持的２．９万所乡镇卫生院建设任务。今后三年内中央财政再支持５０００所中心乡镇卫生院、２０００所县级医院和２４００所城市社区卫生服务中心建设。支持边远地区村卫生室建设，实现全国每个行政村都有卫生室。

Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化。扩大免费公共卫生服务范围，城乡居民人均公共卫生服务经费不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大传染病、慢性病和职业病、地方病防治的专项投入。

Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate，in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推进公立医院改革试点。重点改革管理体制、运行机制和监管机制。鼓励各地探索政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开的有效形式。逐步取消以药补医机制，推进公立医院补偿机制改革。鼓励各地探索建立医疗服务由利益相关方参与协商的定价机制，建立由有关机构、群众代表和专家参与的质量监管和评价制度。要充分发挥中医药和民族医药在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各级政府拟投入８５００亿元，其中中央财政投入３３１８亿元，以保证医药卫生体制改革的顺利推进。医药卫生体制改革事关人民群众的健康权益，我们要加强领导、精心设计、认真组织，积极稳妥地推进，切实解决看病贵、看病难问题，为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。

We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和计划生育工作，稳定低生育水平。从今年开始，在全国农村实行住院分娩补助政策，定期为孕产妇做产前检查和产后访视，为３岁以下婴幼儿做生长发育检查。加强出生缺陷预防工作。将农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助标准由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加强流动人口服务和管理。保护妇女和未成年人权益。在农村妇女中开展妇科疾病定期检查。支持残疾人事业加快发展。继续加强老龄工作。

We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.大力发展文化体育事业。促进文化发展和繁荣，既有利于丰富人们的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消费领域。积极发展公益性文化事业，加快完善公共文化服务体系，加强重点文化设施、城乡基层文化设施特别是广播电视“村村通”和乡镇综合文化站、农家书屋建设，努力推进文化惠民工程。支持文化产业加快发展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企业。繁荣哲学社会科学，积极发展文学艺术、广播影视、新闻出版事业。加强网络文化建设和管理。做好文物和非物质文化遗产保护。推进公益性文化事业单位管理体制、运行机制改革和经营性文化单位转企改制。加强基层公共体育设施建设，大力开展群众性体育活动，提高竞技体育水平，发展体育产业。

We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation，expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加强民主法制建设。积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治。要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。要健全基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善基层民主管理制度，保障人民群众依法直接行使民主权利、管理基层公共事务和公共事业。深入开展法制宣传教育，加强公民意识教育，树立社会主义民主法治、自由平等、公平正义理念。统筹推进城乡社区建设，促进社会组织健康发展。加强政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公众参与度，做到规范、公正、文明执法。

We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加强社会管理，维护社会和谐安定。要特别重视维护群众合法权益，正确处理人民内部矛盾，及时合理解决群众反映的问题，坚决纠正各种损害群众利益的行为。健全社会矛盾纠纷调处化解机制，引导群众以理性合法的方式表达利益诉求。坚持领导干部特别是主要领导干部处理群众来信和接待群众来访制度，服务群众，化解矛盾。健全社会稳定预警机制，积极预防和妥善处置各类群体性事件。深入开展平安创建活动，加强社会治安综合治理。严密防范、依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动，维护国家安全和社会稳定。7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development

（七）推进政府自身建设，提高驾驭经济社会发展全局的能力

Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.过去一年，政府自身改革和建设取得了新的成绩，但与人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主义、官僚主义比较突出，腐败现象在一些地方、部门和领域比较严重。这些问题必须下大气力解决。要紧紧围绕保增长、保民生、保稳定这个大局，加强政府自身建设。

We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.坚持依法行政。规范行政行为，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正当、高效便民、诚实守信、权责统一。深入贯彻行政许可法，继续推进行政审批制度改革，减少行政许可和审批事项，特别要减少投资审批、项目核准，落实企业的投资主体地位。促进公平竞争，消除地区封锁，打破行业垄断，组织调动各种社会资源，促进经济增长。通过全面正确履行政府职能，创造良好发展环境，增强企业投资的信心，增强社会消费的信心，增强人民群众对国家发展的信心。

We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's

concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.实行科学民主决策。各项决策都要做到程序依法规范、过程民主公开、结果科学公正。政府重大决策的形成和执行都要加强调查研究，做到察民情、听民意、聚民智，尊重客观规律，提高决策的预见性、科学性和有效性。要推进政务公开，增加透明度，保障人民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，让人民群众知道政府在想什么、做什么，赢得人民群众的充分理解、广泛支持和积极参与。今年政府投资力度大、新上项目多，要确保监管到位，绝不能搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”和脱离实际的“政绩工程”，绝不允许利用扩大公共投资为单位和个人谋取私利。各级政府都要自觉接受人大监督和政协民主监督，强化监察、审计等专门监督，高度重视人民群众监督和新闻舆论监督，做到行政权力运行到哪里，监督就落实到哪里，财政资金运用到哪里，审计就跟进到哪里。

We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.切实转变工作作风。各级政府要坚定地贯彻中央的决策部署，紧密结合实际，创造性地开展工作，使中央的各项政策落到实处，收到实效。领导干部要深入调查研究，及时发现问题，解决问题；密切联系群众，关心群众疾苦，倾听群众呼声，为群众排忧解难。政府工作人员要始终保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态，和广大人民群众一道知难而进，开拓进取，艰苦奋斗，共克时艰。

We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加强廉政建设和反腐败工作。以规范制度和制约权力为核心，针对腐败现象易发多发的领域和环节，从源头上防治腐败。坚决查处腐败案件，依法惩处腐败分子。我们一定要勤勉尽责，以实际行动和工作业绩，建设为民、务实、廉洁、高效的政府，让人民放心，让人民满意。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面贯彻民族区域自治法，确保中央支持少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展的政策措施落到实处。

继续加大对人口较少民族的扶持力度。推进兴边富民行动覆盖所有边境县和新疆生产建设兵团边境团场。支持牧区和少数民族聚居山区加快发展。坚定不移地维护民族团结，进一步构建平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。

We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。

We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.认真贯彻党的侨务政策，支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。

Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.过去的一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得重要进展。人民解放军为维护国家主权、安全和领土完整，支持国家现代化建设，完成急难险重任务，发挥了重要作用。在新的一年，要着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，推进军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设。大力加强军队思想政治工作。扎实推进机械化条件下军事训练向信息化条件下军事训练转变，不断提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。全面提高武器装备和后勤保障的现代化水平。完善军民结合、寓军于民的国防科研和武器装备生产体系、军队人才培养体系和军队保障体系。积极稳妥地推进军队改革，增强军队建设的生机与活力。加强人民武装警察部队建设，增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。巩固发展军政军民团结。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区积极应对国际金融危机，保持繁荣稳定。进一步加强内地与港澳的合作，巩固香港国际金融中心地位，促进澳门经济适度多元发展。加快推

进与港澳地区货物贸易的人民币结算试点。不断拓展粤港澳三地合作的深度和广度。加快推动港珠澳大桥、港深机场铁路、广深港高速铁路等基础设施建设。扩大内地服务业对港澳的开放。采取有效措施支持港澳在内地企业特别是中小企业发展，缓解经营困难。伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。我们坚信，香港、澳门同胞一定能够克服面临的困难，开创更加美好的明天！

Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年，对台工作取得重要进展，台湾局势发生积极变化，两岸关系取得重大突破。两岸协商在“九二共识”基础上得到恢复，全面直接双向“三通”已经实现。两岸同胞往来更频繁、经济联系更密切、文化交流更活跃、共同利益更广泛，两岸关系开始步入和平发展轨道。新的一年里，我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，积极构建两岸关系和平发展框架，努力开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。我们要继续全面加强两岸经济合作，共同应对金融危机。积极推进两岸金融合作，支持在大陆的台资企业发展，对符合条件的提供融资服务，鼓励企业自主创新和转型升级。加强两岸双向投资和产业合作，拓展和深化农业合作。支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区的经济发展。加快推进两岸经济关系正常化，推动签定综合性经济合作协议，逐步建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。要加强两岸人员往来，扩大社会各界交流，大力弘扬中华文化，巩固两岸精神纽带。要在一个中国原则的基础上，努力增强两岸双方政治互信。在此基础上，我们愿意通过协商对台湾参与国际组织活动问题作出合情合理安排，探讨两岸政治、军事问题，为结束敌对状态、达成和平协议创造条件。我们坚信，有两岸中华儿女团结奋斗，就一定能够实现祖国的完全统一，实现中华民族的伟大复兴！

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Significant achievements were made in our diplomatic work last year.We joined hands with the international community in tackling the global financial crisis.We successfully hosted the Asia-Europe Meeting and enhanced mutual political trust and pragmatic cooperation between Asian and European countries.We actively advanced bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and played a constructive role in global and regional hotspot issues.We stood firm in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests and in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.Further significant progress was made in carrying out all-round diplomacy, and China's international standing and influence rose to a new height.In the coming year, we will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the path of peaceful development and an independent foreign

policy of peace, and pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will increase friendly contacts with other countries in the world to create a favorable external environment for the steady and rapid development of China's economy.We will continue to deepen pragmatic cooperation with other parties, work with them to curb the spread of the global financial crisis, promote reform of the international financial system, and oppose trade and investment protectionism, in order to help bring about an early recovery of the world economy.We will continue to take the fundamental interests of the people of China and the world as our starting point and make new contributions to the proper resolution of hotspot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the governments and peoples of other countries to jointly respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and build a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity.过去的一年，外交工作取得显著成就。我们与国际社会携手应对金融危机。成功举办亚欧首脑会议，增进亚欧国家间的政治互信与务实合作。积极推进双边、多边外交，在全球和地区热点问题上发挥建设性作用。坚定维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，保障我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。全方位外交取得新的重大进展，国际地位和影响空前提高。新的一年，我们将继续高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持推进互利共赢的开放战略。加强与世界各国的友好交往，为国内经济平稳较快发展创造有利的外部环境。我们将继续深化与各方的务实合作，共同遏制国际金融危机蔓延，推动国际金融体系改革，反对贸易和投资保护主义，促进世界经济尽快复苏。我们将继续从中国人民和世界各国人民的根本利益出发，为妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题作出新的贡献。中国政府和人民愿同各国政府和人民一道，共同应对风险挑战，共同分享发展机遇，努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

The tasks we face are arduous and formidable, and the responsibilities we bear are great and glorious.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us strengthen our conviction for victory, boldly meet challenges, work in a down-to-earth manner and press ahead resolutely to make new achievements worthy of the times, history and the people, carry forward the great cause of reform, opening up and modernization and celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.我们面临的任务艰巨而繁重，我们肩负的责任重大而光荣。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，坚定必人民的新业绩，奋力把改革开放和现代化建设伟大事业推向前进，迎接中华人民共和国成立６０周年！