口译学习材料(口译选修班)

第一篇：口译学习材料(口译选修班)

口译学习材料：

Passage 1

Subways are underground systems of high speed trains，which are mostly found in large cities such as New York，London，Paris，Beijing，Sydney，and Tokyo.Subway trains move more quickly and efficiently than buses；// they will deliver you to within walking distance ① of almost any place in the city.They are inexpensive and help solve city traffic problems.The one drawback ② of subway trains is that they are often crowded and noisy.//

Taxis are more expensive than subways，but they will deliver you to the exact location you want in the shortest time possible.Taxis are convenient if you are in a hurry or if you are taking along a number of suitcases or packages.And as an added attraction ③，many cab drivers will tell you their adventures as taxi drivers or even the details of their lifes.However，taxis are rather hard to find during rush hours.难点提示：

①步行可到的距离

②弊端

③还有一个诱人之处

●参考译文：

地铁是地下的高速火车系统，主要出现在像纽约、伦敦、巴黎、北京、悉尼和东京这样的大城市。地铁比公共汽车速度快、效率高，它们可以把你送到城里的几乎任一地段，然后你只需再步行一段距离就可到达你想去的地方。地铁票价便宜，有助于解决城市的交通问题。地铁唯一的缺点就是它经常拥挤嘈杂。

出租车比地铁贵，但是可以在尽可能短的时间里把你送到要去的确切地点。如果你要赶路，或带了很多箱子和行李，出租车就很方便。出租车还有一个诱人之处，那就是司机会告诉你他们当出租车司机的有趣的故事，甚至他们生活的细节。但是在交通高峰时段很难叫到出租车。Passage 2

Founded in the aftermath ①of the Second World War，the United Nations came into being with the signing of its Charter②in San Francisco in 1945.During those early years it was，and is still today an instrument at the 1 service of humankind，a mechanism which links us all in our efforts to build a better world.Whether working to maintain friendly relations among nations，protecting the environment or tackling illiteracy③，disease and hunger，the United Nations is ready to be fully utilized for the perfection of humanity.Today，in a world with increasingly complex challenges and difficulties，the Organization is facing unprecedented demands as well as new opportunities.难点提示：

①之后，以后> ②（联合国）宪章

③文盲

（）参考译文：

联合国成立于第二次世界大战结束之后，随着1945年在旧金山签署联合国宪章而诞生。自成立的早期一直到今天，联合国始终是服务于人类的一项工具，是把我们联系在一起，共同创造一个更加美好的世界的一种机制。

无论是致力于维持国家间的友好关系，保护环境，还是处理文盲、疾病和饥饿等问题，联合国总是愿意充分发挥作用来增进人类的福利。当今世界充满着日益复杂的挑战和困难，联合国正面临着前所未有的任务，也面临着新的机会。Passage 3

Since its invention 300 years ago，the piano has played its way into the hearts and homes of music lovers around the world.It has inspired ① composers and performers.It has made a place for itself in palaces and concert halls，in church hails and jazz clubs.The piano has revolutionized the way people play and experience music.By the late 1700s，the piano had spread throughout Europe and to the American colonies.No longer the exclusive property of the nobility ②，pianos still carried an air of③ privilege and prestige.Wealthy amateurs ④，mostly young ladies，learned to play.Composers began to produce sonatas ⑤，dances and songs that were profitable and easy enough for amateurs.难点提示：

①给„„以灵感

②贵族阶层

③神态，姿态

④业余爱好者

⑤奏鸣曲

（）参考译文：

自从三百年前发明钢琴以来，钢琴的演奏已经深入到全世界每一位音乐爱好者的心灵，走进了每一户音乐爱好者的家。它给作曲家和演奏家以灵感。它在宫殿、音乐厅、教堂的大厅和爵士乐俱乐部里都占有一席之地。钢琴彻头彻尾地改变了人们演奏和感受音乐的方式。

到十八世纪后期，钢琴传遍了欧洲，传到了美洲的各个殖民地。虽然钢琴不再是贵族人家独有的财产，但它仍然散发出权贵和声望的气息。有钱有闲之士，大多是年轻女子，学着弹奏钢琴。作曲家们开始创作奏鸣曲、舞曲和歌曲，既有利可图，又容易让业余琴迷们弹奏。

Passage 4

The Asian economic crisis has put many companies on the edge.Many have been forced to change the way they do business.The old attitude that employees follow instructions and are unable to make decisions or act on their own initiative① leads to underused② people.The key to increasing employee productivity is through effective management.Managers must recognize that getting employees involved in the solution boost morale③。The decision making process should be pushed down the ladder.The focus of future organizations will shift to employee involvement，rather than power and control.难点提示：

①主动地

②未充分利用的 ③士气

参考译文：

亚洲金融危机使很多公司面临崩溃的边缘。很多公司被迫改变经营的方式。老一套的态度，即员工听从指挥，而不能自做主张或独断独行，常常使得员工不能人尽其才。

提高员工生产力的关键是通过有效的管理。管理者们必须认识到，让员工参与解决问题可以鼓舞士气。决策程序应该下放。未来组织机构的重心将转向员工参与，而不是权力和控制。

Passage 5

A new era is upon us.Call it what you will： the service economy，the information age，the knowledge society.It all translates to ① a fundamental change in the way we work.The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically.Today the majority of jobs are in the service industry，and the number is on the rise.More women are in the work force than ever before.There are more part-time jobs.More people are self-employed.Above all，the economic transformation is giving rise to② a radical~ new way of thinking about the nature of work itself.Long-held notions about jobs and careers，the skills needed to succeed，even the relation between individuals and employers——all these are being challenged.难点提示：

①转变为，转化为

②引起，导致

③根本的，彻底的 参考译文：

一个新时代降临在我们身上。随你怎么称呼它：叫它服务型经济、信息时代，或者知识社会都行。它都反映在我们工作方式的根本改变上。靠生产物品谋生的人的比例大幅度下降。今天，大多数的人们都从事服务性行业的工作，而且人数呈上升趋势。

劳动力中妇女的人数比以往任何时候都多。有更多兼职的工作。更多的人成为个体劳动者。最重要的是，经济的转变带来了对于工作本身的一种全新认识。工作和事业，成功所必需具备的技能，甚至就连个人与雇主的关系——长期以来对所有这些问题所持的看法都受到了挑战。

Passage 6 4

The “standard of living” of a country means the average person' s② share of the goods and services which the country produces.A country’ s standard of living，therefore，depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth.“Wealth” in this sense is not money，for we do not live on ② money but on things that money can buy： “goods” such as food and clothing，and “services” such as transport and entertainment.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors，most of which have an effect on one another.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources，such as coal，gold，and other minerals，water supply and so on.Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals，and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate； other regions possess none of them.难点提示：

①一般人，老百姓

②靠„„为生

参考译文：

任何一个国家的生活水平，指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通老百姓分享的情况。因此，一个国家的生活水平，首先取决于它创造财富的能力。在这个意义上，财富并不是指金钱，因为我们生存靠的不是钱，而是靠钱能买到的东西：比如食物和衣服这些“产品”，交通和娱乐这些“服务”。

一个国家创造财富的能力取决于很多因素，其中大部分因素相互作用。财富在很大程度上依赖于一个国家的自然资源，比如煤矿、金矿和其他矿物质、水源等等。世界上有些地区煤矿和矿物质的储量丰富，土壤肥沃，气候适宜，其他地区却一样都不具备。

Passage 7

For university graduates，it is always not so easy to find a good job.They often wonder at the large number of employers who do not respond to their applications for jobs.They say that despite enclosing return envelopes they hear nothing at all，or at best，an impersonal note ① is sent declaring that the post for which they applied has been filled.Applicants often have the suspicion that vacancies are taken up by friends and relatives and that advertisements are only put out for show②。Many of them are tired of writing around③ and feel that if only they could obtain an interview with the right person their application would meet with success.难点提示：

①无人情味的，冷淡的 ②装样子

③到处写信

（）参考译文：

对于大学毕业生来说，找到一份好工作始终不是件那么容易的事情。他们常常弄不懂为什么那么多的雇主不答复他们的求职信。他们说虽然附上了回信的信封，他们却只字未闻，或至多收到一张不冷不热的便条，宣布他们申请的那个职位已有人填补了。

求职应聘者常常怀疑空缺是不是给朋友和亲属们占去了，怀疑广告只不过是登一登摆摆样子的。他们中的很多人厌倦了到处投求职信，他们觉得只要能够碰对人，获得一次面试的机会，他们的求职申请就会成功。

Passage 8

The World Exposition is not the same as a trade fair，in which mainly governments and international organizations participate.The World Exposition，on the other hand，displays the achievements and prospects in the economic，cultural and technological sectors，and is an event where people from all over the world come together to exchange experience and ideas，and learn from one another.Long known as the “economic，technological and cultural Olympic Games”，the World Exposition is held every five years，and has been held in developed countries since it first took place in London in 1851.If Shanghai wins the bid for the 2010 World Exposition，China will be-the first developing country to host this major event.Hosting the exposition will have a positive impact on China，as China will not only learn from the experiences of other countries to further its reform and opening-up endeavor，but will also enhance its friendly relations with other countries.Besides，its role as hosting country will no doubt accelerate the development of world expositions elsewhere，which can promote worldwide economic，cultural and technological development.难点提示：

①申办

（）参考译文：

世博会不同于贸易展览会，贸易展览会主要是由政府和国际组织参加的。相反，世博会展示经济、文化和技术领域的成就和前景，它是全世界人民聚在一起交流经验、交换看法、互相学习的一件大事。世博会长期以来一直被誉为“经济、技术和文化的奥运会”，它每隔五年举行一次，自从1851年首次在伦敦举行以来一直在发达国家举行。

如果上海申办2010年世博会成功的话，中国将是主办这一盛事的第一个发展中国家。主办这次博览会将对中国产生积极的影响，因为中国不仅将学习别国的经验来推进改革开放，而且将增进与别国的友谊。此外，发挥主办国的作用无疑会加速其他地方世博会的发展，这能促进全世界范围内经济、文化和技术的发展。Passage 9

Is the world we live in going forward or backward？ There are two entirely different answers to this question.Pessimists①believe that although there is a remarkable progress in the growth of knowledge，mankind has not improved itself in rationality② and morality.Optimists ③ argue，on the contrary，that mankind has developed in all directions.Mankind has become better-cultured and more civilized than before.The benefits brought about by science and technology far outweigh their demerits，and more and more of the benefits have been applied to the welfare of mankind.难点提示：

①悲观论者

②理智

③乐观主义者

（）参考译文：

我们生活的这个世界是在进步还是在退步？对这个问题有两种截然不同的回答。悲观论者认为，虽然知识的发展有了长足的进步，但是人类在理智和道德上并没有提高。

相反，乐观主义者则认为，人类在任何方面都取得了进展。人类比以前变得更有教养、更讲文明。科技带来的好处远远多于坏处，越来越多的好处被运用到人类的福利上来。Passage 10

Nowadays when you skim through the employment column of newspapers，you will very often find that employers set an age limit on applicants.“Applicants should be under the age of 40” is a prevailing condition in recruitment advertisements①。Such a condition seems reasonable because every firm likes to hire young and promising people without too much of a family burden.But the enterprises' differential treatment of candidates does smack of ② their age discrimination.However，researchers have found no solid evidence to show that people older than the age limit perform any worse than younger people.People aged 40 to 50 or even older are still in the prime of their life③。With rich working experiences and a mature network of social relations，they may have some edge over young people.This recruitment policy in reality could raise the social cost of employment and lead to a waste of labour resources，and it is likely to encourage some firms to use age or other reasons to deprive candidates of④ their right to work.难点提示：

①招聘广告

②有点„„味道

③年富力强

④剥夺

（）参考译文：

浏览一下报纸上的就业栏，你就会经常发现雇主们对申请人规定了年龄限制。“申请人应该在40岁以下”是招聘广告中一个普遍的条件。这样的条件似乎合情合理，因为每个公司都喜欢雇用年轻的、有前途的、没有太多家庭负担的人。但是企业对候选人的不同对待的确有点年龄歧视的味道。

然而，研究者们没有发现确凿的证据，说明超出年龄限制的人比年纪小的人表现上有任何的逊色。40到50岁的、或者年龄更大一些的人仍然年富力强。他们有着丰富的工作经历和一个成熟的社会关系网，所以可能比年轻人更胜一筹。这种招聘政策事实上可能会抬高就业的社会成本并导致劳动力资源的浪费，也可能鼓励某些企业用年龄或其他原因作为借口来剥夺候选人的工作

Chinese –English: Passage 11

外国人在中国办的超市，在改变中国传统的购物和零售经营①方式上发挥了重要的作用。这些商店有助于推销中国的产品。这些外国超市一方面给中国同仁②带来大量有用的经验，另一方面也对当地的竞争对手构成了巨大的威胁。当地零售行业和外国零售行业之间的竞争变得越来越激烈。

大家一致公认，当这些世界零售业的巨子把中国零售贸易看作是有利可图的市场的时候，中国当地的零售商尽管做了各种努力，仍难维持下去。专家们认为，同这些世界巨子相比，中国的零售业，按照国际标准来衡量，在管理、技术和人员培训③方面尚存在不足之处

难点提示

① retail management

② counterparts

③ training of personnel

Foreign supermarkets in China play a significant role as regards changing the traditional Chinese mode of shopping and retail management.These stores contribute to the promotion of Chinese products.While bringing much useful experience to their Chinese counterparts，these foreign supermarkets are also an enormous threat to their local rivals.The competition between local and foreign retailing businesses is becoming more and more intense.The accepted opinion is that while these world retail giants regard the Chinese retail trade as a profitable market，local Chinese retailers are barely able to survive，despite their efforts.Experts say that compared with the world giants，the Chinese retailing businesses are，by international standards，still lacking in their management，technology，and training of personnel.Passage 12

中国的假日经济始于1999年第一个为期七天的国庆假期。统计数据表明，假日经济是一个新兴的发展领域。1999年 “国庆”期间，全国的旅游人数是二 9 千八百万，而到了2000年几乎翻了一番，达到了五千五百万。旅游业的总收入①从141亿元上升为220亿元。所以，这个七天的假期被称为“黄金周”。

假日经济代表了一种经济形态，在这种经济形态②下，暂时性的拼命购物③、旅游和其他消费活动刺激市场和经济发展。每年长长的春节、五一节和国庆节导致了以旅游、娱乐和购物为主的假日经济的形成。在直接刺激消费需求的同时，假日经济还间接地激发了投资，从而成为国内需求得以提高的主要动力。

难点提示

① aggregate income

② economic mode

③ intensive shopping

（）参考译文

China's holiday economy began with the first-ever seven-day National Day holiday in 1999.Statistics show that the holiday economy is an emerging growth sector.The number of tourists nationwide，which stood at 28 million during the October holiday of 1999，nearly doubled in 2000 to reach 55 million.Aggregate income from tourism increased from 14.1 billion yuan to 22 billion yuan.Therefore，the seven-day holiday has been called a “golden week”。

Holiday economy represents an economic mode under which temporarily intensive shopping，tourism and other consumer activities stimulate market and economic development.The long Spring Festival，May Day and National Day holidays each year have led to the formation of a holiday economy featuring tourism，recreation and shopping.While directly stimulating consumer demand，the holiday economy has motivated investment indirectly，thus becoming a major driving force for increased domestic demand.Passage 13

汉语是中国各民族人民使用的语言，也是联合国的一种官方语言和工作语言①。它是世界上用得最多的语言。它的历史至少追溯到六千年前。目前的这股汉语学习热②可以归功于中国文明悠久的历史和辉煌的成就，也归功于20年来中国经济的快速发展。

纵观历史，中国曾经对人类的发展做出了杰出的贡献。如今，中国又代表了今天世界的活力。从1989年到1999年，中国的平均国内生产总值每年上升9.7％，成千上万的外国企业进入了中国。精通汉语已经成为那些想在大陆或者香港外国企业中工作的人的必备条件③。

难点提示

① working language

② craze

③ necessary qualification

（）参考译文

Chinese is a language used by people of all ethnic groups in China and is an official and working language within the United Nations.It is the most used language in the world，and its history dates back at least 6，000 years.The current Chinese learning craze is attributable to the long history and splendid achievements of the Chinese civilization，as well as to China's rapid economic growth over the past two decades.Historically，China has made significant contributions to the development of the humankind.And today，China is representative of today's world dynamism.From 1980 to 1999，China’s average GDP increased 9.7 percent annually，and hundreds of thousands of foreign businesses entered China.Proficiency in Chinese has become a necessary qualification for those who want to work in foreign enterprises，either in the mainland or in Hong Kong.Passage 14

中国人口占世界人口的五分之一，所以中国必须在综合改善生态方面作更多的投资。控制污染不应仅限于清扫几条河流和湖泊。必须要求大大小小的企业大幅度地减少它们产生的污染。为了保护国家生态安定，最重要的任务是提高公众的生态意识①。

着眼于国家的经济实力，中国应该致力于生态安定的以下几个方面：第一，应该平衡整个国家的水资源的分配。第二，应该通过开展更多的植树造林工程②来提高天然森林的保护和开发。第三，应该尽力扩大自然保护区③同时加强对现有自然保护区的保护。

难点提示

① ecological awareness

② afforestation projects

③ nature reserve（areas）

（）参考译文

Being responsible for one fifth of the world's population，China must invest more in comprehensive ecological improvement.Pollution control efforts must not be limited to cleaning a few rivers and lakes.All enterprises，small or large，must be required to substantially reduce the pollution they produce.To safeguard national ecological security，the most important task is to enhance public’s ecological awareness.In view of the country's economic strength，China should focus its efforts on the following aspects of ecological security.First，the state should balance the distribution of water resources across the country.Second，the state should enhance protection and development of natural forests by launching more afforestation projects.Third，the state should try to expand nature reserve areas while strengthening protection of existing nature reserves.Passage 15:

万里长城据称是唯一可以从月球上望见的地球建筑物，人们可以从位于北京西北75公里以外的八达岭区直接观望到蜿蜒连绵的万里长城。//长城始建于战国时期，以防御北方外族人入侵.统一中国的秦始皇动用了无数人建成了今天的中国长城。// 举世闻名的长城全长6,700公里,起始于俯望渤海湾的山海关，止于甘肃省的嘉峪关.两千年来几经修整，是中华民族的历史见证。//万里长城雄伟壮观。古代中国人在没有机械的条件下用双手修建了这样伟大的建筑真是了不起。

（参考答案）

The Great Wall claims to be the only man-made structure on the earth which is visible from the moon.The winding Great Wall can be viewed from the Badaling district, about 75 kilometers to the northwest of Beijing.// It was built during the Warring States period to prevent invasions of nomadic people from the north.The first Qin emperor, who united China into one country, mobilized hundreds of thousands of builders to complete what is known today as the Great Wall of China.// The world-famous Great Wall is 6,700 kilometers long from Shanhaikuan, which overlooks the Gulf of Bo Hai, to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu province.The wall underwent repeated reconstruction during its 2000-year history, witnessing the historical changes of the Chinese nation.// The Great Wall is magnificent.It is really great that the ancient Chinese constructed such a gigantic structure without any machinery available.

第二篇：口译材料

词法、句法翻译

一、对等译法

在翻译过程中，我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。因此，对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。我们在翻译中必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名符其实的对等表达。一般说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高，而词组、成语、谚语的对等率就要相对低一些。请看下面各组对等译法的实例。

(一)单词

1)television(名词)电视 2)electricity(名词)电 3)wheat(名词)小麦 4)坐(动词)sit 5)小(形容词)small 6)和(连接词)and 总的说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等程度要高一些，一方面是单词的文化背景比较简单，另一方面是单词本身的语义结构比较简单。当然，两种语言中存在着差异的“对等”单词也有不少，例如：从语义上来讲，“杯子”并不完全对等于 “cup”，而是对等于 “cup + mug + glass +„”，“桌子”的对等表达是 “table + desk”，从感情色彩上来讲，“宣传”并不完全对等于 “propaganda”，“农民”并不完全对等于 “peasant”，“地主”也并不完全对等于“landlord”。

(二)成语

7)cut in a joke 插科打诨 8)speak one's mind 畅所欲言 9)be after one's own heart 称心如意 10)at one's finger-tips 了如指掌 11)fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼 12)thousands upon thousands of 成千上万 13)in deep water 水深火热 14)turn up one's nose at 嗤之以鼻 15)skin and bones 皮包骨头 16)touch and go 一触即发 17)from the cradle to the grave 一生一世 18)hit the nail on the head 一语道破

19)充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 20)出人头地 be head and shoulders above other 21)吹毛求疵 pick a hole in sb’s coat 22)破釜沉舟 burn one's boat 23)大惊小怪 make a fuss about 24)大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of hay 25)颠倒黑白 talk black into white 26)得意忘形 have one's nose in the air 27)攀龙附凤 worship the rising sun 28)大发雷霆 hit the ceiling；fly into a rage 29)骑虎难下 ho1d a wolf by the ears 30)视而不见 turn a blind eye to 成语的对等是从3个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，我们得优先保留比喻意义。感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。如果感情色彩不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，实在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。

(三)谚语

31)Look before you leap． 三思而后行。32)Make hay while the sun shines． 趁热打铁。33)There is no smoke without fire． 无风不起浪。34)Ill news travels fast． 恶事传千里。35)Practice makes perfect． 熟能生巧。36)欲速则不达。More haste，less speed．

37)出门一里，不如家里。East and west，home is best．

38)拉入篮里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net． 39)皇天不负苦心人。Everything comes to him who waits． 40)小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines．

谚语和成语一样，其汉英两种语言中的对等大多数也是从比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩等3方面体现出来的。同样，比喻意义的对等是最重要的，是翻译中必须做到的，感情色彩的对等几乎是同等重要，不可忽视，在保证这两方面的基础上，再来考虑比喻形式的对等。有不少谚语根本不包含比喻，也就不存在比喻形式的问题。有的谚语虽有比喻形式，但其比喻并不明显，去寻求这种形式上的对等翻译意义不大。

(四)英译汉句子翻译实例

41)I took the news with a grain of salt．我对这个消息半信半疑。

42)Unless you’ve got an ace up your sleeve，we are dished．除非你有锦囊妙计，否则，我们是输定了。

43)He went through fire and flood to save his mother．他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。

44)You have a lucky star above you．你真是福星高照.45)She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.她在这个问题上真是进退维谷。

46)He is reaping what he has sown．他这是咎由自取。

47)She is an easy-going woman．She always throws her cares to the winds．她是个大大咧咧的女人，总是把忧愁抛至九霄云外。

48)That fellow is always fair without but foul within．那个家伙总是口蜜腹剑。49)That little girl has a ready tongue．那个小姑娘真是伶牙俐齿的。

50)The light-fingered gentry frequented these shops．梁上君子经常光顾这些商店。

上面10个例句中的原文都包含1条英语成语，而且都非常形象。10个译文都成功地使用了对等译法，都用对等的汉语成语进行翻译，不但做到了比喻意义和感情色彩的对等，而且尽可能做到了比喻形式的对等。成语与翻译

一、英语成语汉译

英语成语以其精辟、形象、生动等特点，牢固地确立了它在英语中的重要地位。无论是在书面语言中，还是口头语言里，英语成语都发挥着越来越显著的作用，其数量正在日益扩大、其质量也在不断升华。因此，英语成语的汉译已成为翻译工作中的突出问题。

译好英语成语并非易事。请看下面一例：

He was in the seventh heaven last night．误译：1)他昨晚到七重天去了。(七重天宾馆?)2)他咋晚去极乐世界了。3)他昨晚见上帝去了。4)他昨晚升天了。5)他昨晚归西了。

6)他昨晚见马克思去了。

„„ „„

许多人把in the seventh heaven同“升天”、“死”的概念联系起来。这是由望文生义而引起的理解错误。Longman Dictionary or English Idioms对这条成语所作的释义是“(not formal)in a state of great happiness or contentment”(非常高兴的，非常愉快的，非常满意的)。这条成语同宗教有关，七重天是指上帝和天使居住的天国最高层。言下之意，人能身居天国最高层、与上帝同处，自然是非常愉快的。因此，这条成语汉译时一定要从“愉快”、“高兴”的意义出发，如：“欢天喜地”、“欣喜若狂”、“喜出望外”、“大喜过望”、“兴高采烈”、“乐不可支”、“其乐无穷”、“心花怒放”等。

再看一个in the seventh heaven汉译的例句：

The children are in the seventh heaven with their new toys．这些孩子因有了新的玩具而欢天喜地。

接下来，我们通过英语成语的特点来探讨一下英语成语的翻译。

英语成语可分两类。一类是平铺直叙的，既无很深的含义，也无难解的典故，只是用词与搭配相对地固定。如：

1)knit one's brow 皱眉头

2)last but not least 最后但不是最不重要的一点 3)laugh in sb's face 当面嘲笑

4)lay sth to heart 把某事放在心上 5)have pity on sb 同情某人

对这类成语，我们只需从字面上去理解，翻译起来不会给我们带来什么问题，直接照字面译就是了。

另一类英语成语，有着相当明显的比喻意义，其中不少有着一定的历史或神话典故。这类成语中，有一部分因使用范围广、历史久，其字面意义和比喻意义都能为中国读者所接受。如：

1)Trojan horse 特洛伊木马——比喻暗藏的敌人或危险 2)tower of ivory 象牙之塔——比喻世外桃源 3)sour grapes 酸葡萄——相当于阿Q精神 4)Sphinx's riddle 斯芬克司之谜——比喻难解之谜

5)as wise as Solomon 像所罗门一样聪明——比喻非常富有智慧 6)the fifth column 第五纵队——比喻间谍 7)a Judas kiss 犹大之吻——比喻背叛行为 8)crocodile tears 鳄鱼眼泪——比喻假慈悲 9)wash one's hands of 洗手不干——撒手不管

10)new wine in old bottles 旧瓶装新酒——旧形式不适合新内容

对这部分英语成语，我们可以直接翻译它们的字面意义，因为一般中国读者都能理解这部分成语字面意义后面的比喻意义。

这一类英语成语中的另一部分，由于其文化背景的缘故，中国读者还不能通过它们的字面意义来理解它们的比喻意义。如：

1)in a pig's whisper 低声地；顷刻间 2)draw blood 伤人感情，惹人生气 3)hang on sb's sleeve 依赖某人，任某人做主 4)hang on sb's lips 对某人言听计从 5)make a monkey of 愚弄

6)to be full of beans 精神旺盛，精力充沛 7)bend an ear to 聚精会神地听，倾听

8)get cold feet 开始感到怀疑、胆怯或害怕 9)a skeleton at the feast 扫兴的人或东西 10)bury one's head in the sand 采取鸵鸟政策

对这部分英语成语，我们可以避开其字面意义，直接译出它们的比喻意义，以便中国读者更好地理解和接受。

英语成语有不少在比喻上同汉语成语非常相似，我们完全可以用这些相似的汉语成语来翻译英语成语。如：

1)burn the boat 破釜沉舟 2)castle in the air 空中楼阁 3)a bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳 4)six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 5)after one's own heart 正中下怀 6)one's hair stands on end 毛发倒竖 7)kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕 8)show the cloven hoof 露出马脚 9)hang by a hair 千钧一发 10)kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵

大多数英语成语是无法在汉语中找到比喻相同或相似的对等成语的。但英汉成语之间形异却意同的对等现象有许多。翻译时，我们也不妨采用这些对等成语。如： 1)have an axe to grind 别有用心 2)talk through one's hat 胡言乱语 3)to be as poor as Job 家徒四壁 4)neither fish nor fowl 不伦不类 5)no respecter of persons 一视同仁 6)leave no stone unturned 千方百计

7)hole and corner 偷偷摸摸；鬼鬼祟祟 8)a fly in the ointment 美中不足 9)by the skin of one's teeth 九死一生 10)call a spade a spade 直言不讳

同一条英语成语，我们可根据具体的上下文，译成许多同义的汉语成语：如： 1)reap what one has sown 自作自受；自食其果；自掘坟墓；飞蛾扑火；

咎由自取；玩火自焚；惹火烧身；作茧自缚 2)be on tenterhooks 坐立不安；如坐针毡；局促不安；心乱如麻；

心烦意乱；七上八下；六神无主；手足无措

多条同义英语成语也能找到多条对等的同义汉语成语，这自然在很大的程度上增加了翻译的灵活性。如：

fish in the air 水中捞月 cry for the moon 挑雪填井 plough the sands 扬汤止沸 make a wild-goose chase 缘木求鱼 hold a candle to the sun 钻冰求酥 catch at shadows 以冰致蝇 lash the waves 以狸饵鼠 beat the air 隔靴搔痒

最后，我们讲一下翻译英语成语时很重要的一点：切莫望文生义。有一些英语成语同一些汉语成语和习惯说法，在形式上非常相似，使我们一读到这些英语成语，立刻就联想到那些汉语成语或习惯说法。其实，两者之间形似意不似，貌合神离。如： 1)pull sb's leg 误译：拉后腿

正译：愚弄某人，开某人的玩笑

2)move heaven and earth 误译：翻天覆地

正译：想方设法，千方百计 3)child's play 误译：儿戏

正译：简单的东西，容易的事情 4)eat one's words 误译：食言

正译：承认自己说了错话

5)dog-eat-dog 误译：狗咬狗

正译：残酷争夺，人吃人的关系

由此可见，翻译英语成语决非易事。我们既要做到理解正确，又要注意表达得体；既要提倡使用对等的汉语成语，又要防止望文生义、生搬硬套。

二、汉语成语英译

汉语成语的定义为：言简意赅、生动形象、比一般词语有着更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，约占百分之九十七。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条，在政论、文艺、科技等文体中都起着极其重要的作用。在汉英翻译中，汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。

以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻译成“have a bamboo in his stomach”，这是事故?还是奇迹?闹了一场不小的笑话。其实，这条成语很难从字面上进行翻译。它出自苏轼原语，意思是说，画家在画竹之前，先必须在脑子里产生竹的形象，比喻在做事之前心里已经有全面的考虑。对这条成语，我们只能译出它的比喻意义：“to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth”，也可用一条意义相等的英语成语来套译：“to have a card up one's sleeve”。

哪些汉语成语可根据其字面意义翻译?哪些只能翻译比喻意义呢?这完全取决于汉语成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者所接受。例如，“胸有成竹”译成“have a bamboo in his stomach'’，不用说外国读者无法理解，就是我们了解汉英两种语言与文化的人也不能接受。因为译文所产生的形象与原文的比喻并不一致。

我们再来看一条汉语成语翻译的实例： ’

黛玉道：“跌了灯值钱呢，还是跌了人值钱?你又穿不惯木屐子。那灯笼叫他们前头点着；这个又轻巧又亮，原是雨里自己拿着的。你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好?明儿再送来。——就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这‘剖腹藏珠’的脾气来!”(曹雪芹：《红楼梦》，第四十五回)“Which is more valuable，lamp or man? You're not used to wearing pattens．So get them to carry the horn lantern in front and take this one yourself，since it's handy and bright and meant to be used in the rain． Wouldn't that be better? You can send it back later．And even if you drop it，it won't matter．What's come over you suddenly that you want to ‘cut open your stomach to hide a pearl’?”(translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)“剖腹藏珠”直接按字面译成“cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”，原文中“为了一点小利益而牺牲大利益”的形象比喻，在译文中也是那样的栩栩如生，完全能为译文读者所接受，使他们获得了英语对等成语-“penny wise and pound foolish”同样的效果。

由此可见，如果英文读者能像中文读者一样，从汉语成语的比喻中获得正确而又生动形象效果，我们便可采用像上例“剖腹藏珠”那样的直译方法。

下面的英译按原文的字面翻译，其比喻效果同原文一样生动，译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语。如：

1)竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish(相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2)打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake(相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy as turning over one s nano(相当于as easy as falling off a log)4)玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself(相当于fry in one's own grease)5)挥金如土to spend money like dirt(相当于spend money like water)6)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm(相当于the apple of one's eye)7)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow(相当于cast pearls before swine)8)守口如瓶to keep one's mouth closed like a bottle(相当于keep a still tongue in one's head)9)雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather(相当于help a lame dog over a stile)10)画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it(相当于paint the lily)不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如：

1)声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2)刻骨铭心to be engraved on one's heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 有些汉语成语并没有形象的比喻意义，它们的字面意义也就是它们的实际意义。对这些成语，我们当然可以采取字面翻译。如：

1)劳苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 2)屡教不改to fail to mend one's ways after repeated admonition 3)罕不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 4)攻其不备to strike sb when he is unprepared 5)史无前例to be without precedent in history 在不影响原义的前提下，我们应尽量采用这种按字面进行翻译的直译方法来处理汉语成语，从而更好地传达出原文的形式、意义和精神。

然而，汉语成语并非每条都能按字面翻译。有些成语的比喻形象是译文读者所不能接受的。如果把“眉飞色舞”死译成“his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing，这势必会贻笑大方，使译文读者不知所云，莫明其妙。我们可根据该成语的实际意义灵活地翻译成“to beam with joy”。再看下面的译例： 1)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless(死译：with big branches and large leaves、2)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness(死译：to get into every hole)3)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated(死译：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)4)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious(死译：with red lights and green wine)5)纸醉金迷(a life of)luxury and dissipation(死译：with drunken paper and bewitched gold)6)开门见山to come straight to the point(死译：to open the door and see the mountain)7)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth(死译：with a solitary spear and a single horse)8)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale(死译：to make a great array of flags and drums)9)海阔天空(to talk)at random(死译：with a vast sea and a boundless sky)10)风雨飘摇(of a situation)being unstable(死译：The wind and rain are rocking．)有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景，有的成语在字面上就含有中国古代的人名、地名，有的出自寓言或历史的典故。对这部分成语，字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的。如加上许多解释性文字，就失去了成语精粹的特点。我们最好的办法就是绕开其文化背景，译出其真正的内涵意义。

1)毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service(毛遂——战国时期人名)2)叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears(叶公——

中国古代传说中的人名)3)东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect(东施——中

国古代一丑女的名字)4)南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy(南柯——中国古代传说梦中地名)5)四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides(楚——战国时期国名)6)锱铢必较to haggle over every penny(锱铢——中国古代重量单位)7)罄竹难书(of crimes)too numerous to mention(竹——中国

等国纸发明以前写字用的竹简)8)初出茅庐at the beginning of one's career(此典故出自《三国演义》)9)倾城倾国to be exceedingly beautiful(此典故出自《汉书》)10)悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study(此典故出自《战国策》和《汉书》)

有许多汉语成语和英语成语在意义上是对等的，我们可用英语成语来翻译这部分汉语成语，给译文读者一种生动感和亲切感。如：

1)小题大做make a mountain out of a molehill 2)赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 3)洗心革面turn over a new leaf 4)七颠八倒at sixes and sevens 5)横行霸道throw one's weight about 6)大发雷霆blow one's top 7)过河拆桥kick down the ladder 8)乳臭未干be wet behind the ears 9)格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 10)魂不附体jump out of one's skin

还有这种情况，多条词义汉语成语里的任何一条可用对等的多条同义英语成语中的任何一条来翻译。如：

左右为难 between the devil and the deep sea 进退维谷 stick in the mud 骑虎难下 between the horns of a dilemma 左支右绌 between two fires 跋前踬后 in a fix(dilemma／quandary／predicament)羝羊触藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus ．

进退两难 hold a wolf by the ears 无所适从 with one's back to the wall 莫衷一是_ between Scylla and Charybdis 总而言之，翻译汉语成语时，为了保留原文形象，能直译则尽量直译，即按字面翻译。不能直译时，我们不能因词害义，应该翻译其实际意义。如能在英文中找到意义完全对等的成语，我们也可采用这种套译法。一般说来，正规文体中，汉语成语多采用形象的逐字翻译，非正规文体中，多采用简洁的大意翻译。

第三篇：口译材料

一、2010胡锦涛新年祝词

英文节选

The New Year's bell is about to ring, and 2010 is soon to begin.At this beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, and via China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television, I'm delighted to extend New Year wishes to Chinese of all ethnic groups, to compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, to overseas Chinese and to friends all over the world!

中文选译

新年的钟声就要敲响，2010年的帷幕即将拉开。在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻，我很高兴通过中国国际广播电台、中央人民广播电台和中央电视台，向全国各族人民，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，向世界各国的朋友们，致以新年的祝福！

二、胡锦涛:庆祝新中国成立60周年讲话

2009年10月1日上午10时，首都各界庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年大会在北京举行，天安门广场举行了隆重的大阅兵和群众游行活动。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席胡锦涛检阅受阅部队后，在天安门城楼上发表重要讲话。

英文节选

On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the Central Military Commission, I hereby pay tribute to all the revolutionary pioneers of older generations and martyrs who made great contributions to realizing national independence and liberation of the people, the country’s prosperity and strength and happy life of the people.I send warm congratulations to people from all ethnic groups in the country and patriotic compatriots from home and abroad, and express heartfelt thanks to the friends from other countries who care about and support China's development.三、口译短语积累

revisiting the past will gibe people new inspirations

温故知新 wealth gap

贫富差距 research results

研究结果

第四篇：口译材料

英国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有： First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣 Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣 Lord Chancellor 大法官

Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣

Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣

Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖 Minister of Defence 国防大臣

Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣 Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣 Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣 Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣

Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣 Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣 Minister of Health 卫生大臣 Minister of Education 教育大臣

President of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣

Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣

Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣

此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长： First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣 secretary of State for War 陆军大臣 Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣 Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣 Minister of Transport 运输大臣 Minister of Supply 供应大臣

Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣 Minister of Food 粮食大臣

Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣 Minister of Works 工程大臣 Paymaster General 主计大臣 Labor secretary 劳工部长 Postmaster General 邮政大臣 Attorney-General 检查总长 Sollcitor-General 副检查总长 Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长

美国总统以下设十个行政主管，分掌国政，形成一个内阁： Secretary of State 国务卿

Secretary of the Treasury 财政部长 Secretary of Defense 国防部长 General 司法部长

Postmaster General 邮政管理局长 Interior Secretary 内政部长 Agriculture Secretary 农业部长 Commerce Secretary 商务部长

在第二轮中美战略与经济对话开幕式上的致辞 中华人民共和国国务院国务委员 戴秉国

2010年5月24日 北京

Remarks by State Councilor Dai Bingguo At the Opening Session of the Second Round of The China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues

Beijing, 24 May 2010

尊敬的克林顿国务卿、盖特纳财长，尊敬的王岐山副总理，女士们、先生们、朋友们：

Secretary Clinton, Secretary Geithner, Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, 五月的北京，满城绿色。在这美好的季节，我非常高兴与王岐山副总理、克林顿国务卿、盖特纳财长共同主持第二轮中美战略与经济对话。我期待着过一会儿同大家一起聆听胡锦涛主席亲临开幕式的讲话和奥巴马总统发来的贺辞。我以为，中美两国这么多关心和致力于发展中美关系的朋友相聚一起，就事关两国关系的战略性、长期性、全局性重大问题进行坦诚深入的对话，这本身就是国与国关系中的一大创举。

I feel truly pleased to get together with Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Secretary Clinton and Secretary Geithner in Beijing in this blooming and enchanting month of May to co-chair the Second Round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.And I look forward to joining you for the address of President Hu Jintao, who will soon be with us in the opening session, and for the message from President Obama.So many Chinese and American friends that care for and are devoted to the growth of China-US relations have gathered today for candid and in-depth dialogues on the strategic, long-term and overarching issues in China-US relations.I believe this is in itself a pioneering undertaking in state-to-state relations.记得去年，在国际金融危机阴云笼罩之时，胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统基于对21世纪世界前景的冷静思考，共同确定两国建设21世纪中美积极合作全面关系和应对共同挑战的伙伴关系，并把建立中美战略与经济对话机制作为一项重大战略举措，向世界传递了中美同舟共济、共克时艰、共创两国关系和世界美好未来的积极信号。

Last year when the world was haunted by the international financial crisis, President Hu Jintao and President Obama, out of their keen insight of the prospects of the 21st century, agreed to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century and a partnership to cope with common challenges, and decided to take a major strategic step by setting up the mechanism of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.In so doing, they sent a positive signal to the world that China and the United States would join hands to tide over the difficulties and work together for a better future of China-US relations and the world at large.一年之后，当我们再次相聚并环顾世界之时，相信大家会更加深切地感受到，我们正处在人类和中美关系发展的一个重要历史关头。中美两国不仅需要回答能否创建21世纪新型大国关系的疑问，也面临着同世界各国一起把一个什么样的世纪带给各国人民、留给子孙后代的战略选择。

One year later, as we gather again and look at the world around us, I believe we all feel more keenly that we are now at a crucial historical juncture in the development of mankind and of China-US relations.Our two countries not only need to answer the question of whether we can build a new type of relationship between major countries in the 21st century.We also face a strategic choice as to what kind of a century China and the United States, together with other countries, will leave to our peoples, to our children and our children's children.我们这一代人经历过的上世纪，人类尽管有了多方面的进步，但仍是一个零和规则盛行、以意识形态划线的世纪，一个国际体系隔裂、集团对抗不止、热战冷战交替、很不安宁、多灾多难的世纪。

Though the last century that people of our generation have gone through has witnessed a lot of progress made by mankind, it was still a century in which the zero-sum rule prevailed and lines were drawn along ideologies.It was a century far from being tranquil.It was beset by disasters and adversities and characterized by a fractured international system, incessant confrontation between blocs and alternating hot and cold wars.进入21世纪后，虽然历史的惯性还在，新旧矛盾交织，但世界的变化可以说亘古未有。与以往很不相同的是：各国越来越相互依存、利益交融、休戚相关。我们地球上的居民不管愿不愿意，相互喜不喜欢，客观上已经是谁也离不开谁，实际上处于安危与共、祸福相依的利益与命运共同体中。

Though what had happened has lingered on to the 21st century, though problems, old and new, are intertwined, unprecedented changes have taken place in our world.What sets this century apart from the previous ones is that countries are becoming increasingly interdependent and their interests are more than ever interconnected.Like it or not, we, residents on Earth, have in fact become inseparable from one another.Be it in good times or bad times, we are bound together by common interests and have a common destiny to share.在这样一个世界中，面对日益增多的各种全球性问题，面对单个和少数国家无法应对的共同挑战，面对人类可持续发展的种种重大难题，不管你有什么样的社会制度、文化传统、发展模式，处于什么发展阶段，各国特别是大国必须抛弃一切不合时宜的东西，学会以沟通代替猜忌，以合作代替对抗，以和平代替战争，学会相互尊重、平等合作、同舟共济、和谐相处，没有别的选择！我们相信，在21世纪，中美两国人民，世界各国人民也都绝对不允许开倒车，走老路。今天搞对抗、打热战、打冷战哪怕温战都是很不得人心、也绝对行不通的！We are faced in such a world with the rising multitude of global issues, with common challenges that no individual country or handful of countries can tackle alone, and with significant and thorny issues concerning the sustainable development of mankind.Regardless of the difference in social system, cultural tradition, and development model and stage, no country, no major country in particular, should hold to things that have become outdated.We have to let suspicion, confrontation and war give way to communication, cooperation and the pursuit of peace.We have to learn to respect each other, conduct cooperation on an equal footing, make concerted efforts and pursue harmonious coexistence.This is our only choice!We are convinced that in this 21st century, neither the Chinese and American peoples nor people of other countries will allow history to repeat itself or the cause of advancement to backpedal.No attempt to stir up confrontation and stage war, be it a hot war, a cold war or even a warm war, will be popular in today's world.Nor will such an attempt lead to anywhere.中美两国作为世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家，应当认清世界发展的大势，顺应滚滚向前的历史潮流，排除一切人为的干扰，坚定不移地沿着两国元首确定的方向，共同建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美伙伴关系，开创全球化时代不同社会制度、文化传统和发展阶段的国家相互尊重，和谐相处、合作共赢的新型大国关系历史，以此促进中美两国持久共同发展和繁荣，造福于两国人民，造福于全人类。我们并不认为世界上的事务可以由

一、两个国家来决定，但是如果中美两国不建立和发展这种新型的关系，21世纪的天下难以太平。

China and the United States, being the biggest developing and developed country in the world, should have a sound judgment of the development trend of our world, and go along with the tide of history.We should remove man-made disruptions and unswervingly follow the direction charted by our two presidents to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership for the 21st century.In this era of globalization, we should foster a new type of relations among major countries characterized by mutual respect, harmonious coexistence and win-win cooperation of countries with different social systems, cultural traditions and development stages.This will contribute to the sustained and common development and prosperity of our two countries and serve the interest of our two peoples and people around the world.We do not believe that world affairs should be determined by one or two individual countries.Yet should China and the United States not be able to build and develop such a new type of relations, the chance for peace will be seriously undermined in the 21st century.毫无疑问，建设中美新型伙伴关系是一项史无前例的开创性事业，在前进的道路上不能设想会是一帆风顺、没有困难，但已有的实践证明，这条路是必须走也走得通的。我们可以想一想，几十年前，谁能料到中美两国老一代领导人能够实现跨越大洋的握手？！又有谁能料到中美建交仅仅31年后两国关系就取得如此巨大、全面、深入的发展？！还有谁能料到，中美两个不同社会制度的大国，面对百年未遇、来势凶猛的国际金融危机，居然能够共克时艰、携手应对？！由此可以预料，21世纪，中美两国的政治家和两国人民一定有足够的意愿、智慧和能力排除万难，闯出一条建设新型伙伴关系的路子来。

To build a new type of China-US partnership will, without doubt, be an unprecedented and pioneering undertaking.The path forward will not be plain sailing or trouble-free.But past experience has proven that this is the path that we must take and will lead us to success.Looking back, decades ago, who could have imagined that leaders of the elder generation in China and America could have that handshake that came over the vastest ocean in the world?!Who could have imagined that China-US relations could witness such huge, comprehensive and profound development only 31 years after the establishment of diplomatic relations?!And who could have imagined that China and the United States, two major countries with different social systems, could join hands to tackle the once-in-a-century, severe international financial crisis?!Along this line, we can well foresee that in the 21st century, the statesmen and people of our two countries will have sufficient will, wisdom and capacity to overcome all difficulties and break new ground in establishing a new type of partnership between our two countries.在新的世纪里，正如美国电影《巴别塔》所揭示的那样，沟通，理解，信任至关重要。我以为，我们的战略与经济对话应该成为促进中美间沟通、理解、信任的重要而有效的一座桥粱，努力为建设中美积极合作全面的伙伴关系服务。这应当是我们这个对话机制的特有功能和价值之所在，也是中美两国领导人和人民期望之所在。我愿同中美双方的同事们一起，努力工作，不负众望，不辱使命。As the American movie “Babel” has shown, communication, mutual understanding and trust are of utmost importance in the new century.I believe the Strategic and Economic Dialogues should be an important and effective bridge in promoting communication, understanding and trust between China and the United States, and should contribute to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership.This should be the unique function and value of our dialogue mechanism.And it is what our leaders and peoples expect of us.I am ready to work with my Chinese and American colleagues to live up to that expectation and to our common mission.Thank you!谢谢大家！

谷歌联合创始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大学毕业演讲

如果看过谷歌的介绍,可能你会不由得想到一个词—神话。这说的不光是拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林两个博士没读完的辍学生在硅谷的车库里创业,最后建成了市值超过IBM(甚至有人预测五年后会超越微软)的IT巨擎的传奇故事,说的还是谷歌里面那令无数打工族垂涎万尺的企业文化:牛仔裤、T-shirt衫的随意穿着,美餐、中餐、印度餐等一应俱全的大食堂,免费就医、洗衣、洗车的服务,甚至可以带上狗狗和滑板车一起上班„„

谷歌的故事,举世瞩目。创始人的生活也为人津津乐道。今年5月,拉里·佩奇获邀在母校密歇根大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。虽然已是成功典范,但拉里并没有夸夸其谈,他用诚挚的语言讲述自己家庭背景和人生经历,告诉大家人生中最宝贵的两样东西—梦想和亲友。

Class of 2009!First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I’m sure you can find them out there.Show your love!

2009届的同学们,首先我希望大家都站起来,向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意!我相信你们都能在人群中找到他们,把你们的爱表现出来吧!

A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s 1)co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so.Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that 2)filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young 3)boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that’s how they met.They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社。此合作社有一间厨房,那里的天花板由学生志愿者打扫,大概每十来年才一次吧。想象一下,画面上有位名叫格洛里亚的女大学生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打扫那脏兮兮的天花板。一位名叫卡尔的寄宿生站在地上,为该情景钦佩不已。这就是他俩的初次邂逅。他俩就是我的父母亲。所以我想你们会说,我就是这里——密歇根大学那个“厨房化学实验”的直接成果。

Everyone in my family went here to Michigan: my brother, my Mom, my Dad—all of us.My father’s father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assembly line worker.He drove his two children here to Ann Arbor, and told them: That is where you’re going to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream.我们家的所有成员都毕业于密歇根大学:我哥哥、我妈妈和爸爸——我们全家。我的祖父在密歇根州弗林特的雪佛兰汽车工厂工作,他是装配线上的一名工人。他曾开车把两个孩子送到安娜堡这儿,并告诉他们:这是你们今后要上的大学。我知道现在听起来很好笑。他的两个孩子也的确从密歇根大学毕业。这就是“美国梦”。

What I’m trying to tell you, this is WAY more than a homecoming for me.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it’s a story about finding a path to make those dreams real.我想告诉大家的是,来这儿对我的意义绝对不仅仅是重回旧地。我有个关于追寻梦想的故事,或者更确切地说,这是一个找到梦想成真之路的故事。

You know what it’s like to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream? And you know how, if you don’t have a pencil and 4)pad by the bed, it will be completely gone by the next morning?

你们知道,午夜从一个逼真的梦境中醒来是什么感觉吗?你们知道如果床边没有纸笔,而第二天一早就忘个精光又会怎样吗?

Well, I had one of those dreams when I was 23.When I suddenly woke up, I was thinking: What if we could download the whole web, and just keep the links? And I grabbed a pen and started writing!Sometimes it’s important to wake up and stop dreaming.I spent the middle of that night 5)scribbling out the details and convincing myself it would work.Soon after, I told my advisor, Terry Winograd, it would take a couple of weeks for me to download the web—he nodded knowingly, fully aware it would take much longer but wise enough not to tell me.The 6)optimism of youth is often underrated!Amazingly, at that time, I have no thoughts building a search engine.The idea wasn’t even on the radar.But, much later we happened upon a better way of ranking and we made a really great search engine, and Google was born.When a really great dream shows up, grab it!

喔,我23岁的时候,就做过一个那样的梦。我猛然惊醒,想着:如果我们能把整个网络下载下来,但仅保存链接会怎样?然后我抓起一支笔写了起来。有时候别做梦,及时醒来是非常重要的。我花了一个午夜描画出细节,并确信那是可以做得到的。不久后,我告诉我的导师特里·温诺格拉德,那要花几周时间来下载整个网络——他只是会意地点点头,他完全知道要花的时间其实长得多,但他很睿智,并没有告诉我。年轻人的乐观精神通常不可低估!令人惊讶的是,我当时没有想过要造一个搜索引擎。这一概念甚至没有进入我脑海。但很久以后,我们突然找到更好排列网页的方法,并造出一个非常好的搜索引擎——谷歌就这样诞生了。当伟大的梦想闪现时,抓住它吧!When I was here at Michigan, I had actually been taught how to make dreams real!I know it sounds funny, but that is what I learned in a summer camp 7)converted into a training program called Leadershape.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time: I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.I still think a lot about transportation—you never loose a dream, it just 8)incubates as a hobby.Many things people labor hard to do now, like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregard for the impossible” and actually build the solutions.我在密歇根大学上学时,其实就学过如何实现梦想。我知道这听起来很可笑,但那是我从一个由夏令营转化而来的名为“塑造领袖”的培训项目中学到的。该项目的口号就是“理性地藐视不可能”。那个项目激励着我追寻那时一个疯狂的想法:我想在校园内建立一套个人快速交通系统以代替公交。我直到现在还在思考很多有关交通的问题—你永不要放走梦想,而要把它当作一种习惯去培育。现在人们花很大力气干的很多事情,如做饭、清洁、驾驶,以后只会占用人们更少的时间。也就是说,如果我们“理性地藐视不可能”,并确实找到新的解决方案的话。

I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no one else is crazy enough to do it, you’ll have little competition.The best people want to work on the big challenges.That is what happened with Google.Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally 9)accessible and useful.How can that not get you excited? But we almost didn’t start Google, actually, because my co-founder Sergey and I were too worried about dropping out of the Ph.D.program.You are probably on the right track if you feel like a sidewalk worm during a rainstorm!That is about how we felt after we maxed out three credit cards buying hard disks off the back of a truck.That was actually the first hardware for Google.Parents and friends: more credit cards always help.What is the one sentence summary of how you change the world? Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting!

我认为,通常追寻雄心万丈的梦想更容易些。我知道这听起来完全是一派胡言。不过,既然没有别的人疯狂到会做这件事情,你就没有竞争对手了。优秀的人爱接受大挑战。这就是在谷歌发生的事情。我们的目标就是组合全球的信息,使其随手可得,随处可用。那怎么能不让大家兴奋呢?但是我们那时几乎启动不成谷歌,因为我和联合创始人谢尔盖都太担心拿不到博士学位。要是你觉得自己是暴风雨下人行道上的一条蚯蚓,那很可能你就真的走对路了。那就是我们刷爆了三张信用卡,从一辆货车的车尾买来硬盘后的感觉。那就是谷歌最早的硬件设备。家长和朋友们:多点信用卡总是有用的。如何用一句话总结你该如何改变世界?那就是在那些让人极度兴奋的事情上发奋努力。

As a Ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said, “Why don’t you work on the web for a while?” Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that then millions can use and enjoy.Can three people answer the phone a million times? Find the 10)leverage in the world, so you can be truly lazy!

当我在读博士的时候,其实我有三个项目是想做的。谢天谢地,我的导师对我说,“为什么你不先做一会网络的事呢?”科技,尤其是因特网真的能让人变懒。变懒?我的意思是一个三人的小组可以写出让数百万人喜爱使用的软件程序。但三个人可以接上百万次电话吗?找到撬起地球的杠杆,你就能真的懒起来。

Overall, I know it seems like the world is

11)crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don’t give up on your dream.The world needs you all!

总而言之,我知道这个世界看起来分崩离析,但这确是你们人生中一个伟大的时代,你们可以疯狂一点,追随自己的好奇心,雄心勃勃地实现它。不要放弃你们的梦想。世界需要你们所有人。

So here’s my final story:

On a day like today, you might feel 12)exhilarated—like you’ve just been shot out of a cannon at the circus—and even invincible.Don’t ever forget that incredible feeling.But also: always remember that the moments we have with friends and family, the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world, or even to make a small difference to the ones we love—all those wonderful chances that life gives us, life also takes away.It can happen fast, and a whole lot sooner than you think.以下是我要说的最后一个故事:

就像今天的某一日,你们可能感到欣喜若狂,就像你刚从马戏团的大炮口被射了出来——甚至更加所向无敌。绝不要忘了那种难以名状的美妙感觉,但同时,也要永远记住和亲朋好友相聚的时刻,记住我们得做些可能会为世界带来巨变的事情的机会,或者只是为你所爱的人带来小变化的机会——所有生活给予我们美好机会,也能将它们带走。世事瞬息万变,比你设想的要快得多。

In late March 1996, soon after I had moved to Stanford for grad school, my Dad had difficulty breathing and drove to the hospital.Two months later, he died.I was completely 13)devastated.Many years later, after a startup, after falling in love, and after so many of life’s adventures, I found myself thinking about my Dad.1996年3月下旬,就在我到斯坦福上研究生院不久,我爸爸呼吸出现困难,被送到医院。两个月后,他去世了。我当时几近崩溃了。许多年以后,在我重新振作后,在我谈恋爱后,在我体验了如此多的人生经历后,我发现自己总是想起我的爸爸。

If my Dad were alive today, the thing I think he would be most happy about is that Lucy and I have a baby 14)in the hopper.If he were here today, well, it would be one of the best days of his life.如果我爸爸能活到今天,我想他最开心的莫过于看到露西和我即将拥有自己的孩子。如果他今天也能来到这里,噢,那将会是他人生中最美好的日子之一。

Many of us are fortunate enough to be here with family.Some of us have dear friends and family to go home to.Please keep them close and remember: They are what really matters in life.Thanks, Mom;Thanks, Lucy.And thank you, all, very much.我们中很多人都很幸运,能够在这里和家人们一起。我们中的一些还可以和亲友家人一起回家。请和他们保持亲密,并且记住:他们才是生命中真正至关重要的。

感谢妈妈,感谢露西。

同时,十分感谢大家。

Notes: convert [kən'və:t] vt.使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰 in the hopper准备就绪

美国军事学院（The United States Military Academy at West Point），常被称为西点军校。西点军校是美国第一所军事学校，位于纽约州西点（哈德逊河西岸），距离纽约市约80公里。学校占地1万6千英亩（约6千5百公亩）。西点军校的校训是“责任、荣誉、国家”，该校是美国历史最悠久的军事学院之一。它曾与英国桑赫斯特皇家军事学院、俄罗斯伏龙芝军事学院以及法国圣西尔军校并称世界“四大军校”。

Our prosperity provides a foundation for our power.It pays for our military.It underwrites our diplomacy.It taps the potential of our people, and allows investment in new industry.And it will allow us to compete in this century as successfully as we did in the last.That’s why our troop commitment in Afghanistan cannot be open-ended--because the nation that I’m most interested in building is our own.我们的繁荣是我国力量的基础。它支付我国的军事开支，资助我国的外交，开发我国人民的潜力，允许对新产业投资。它将使我们能够在这个世纪的竞争中取得像上个世纪那样的成功。因此，我们在阿富汗的驻军承诺不能没有期限，因为我最关心的还是我们本国的建设。

Now, let me be clear: None of this will be easy.The struggle against violent extremism will not be finished quickly, and it extends well beyond Afghanistan and Pakistan.It will be an enduring test of our free society, and our leadership in the world.And unlike the great power conflicts and clear lines of division that defined the 20th century, our effort will involve disorderly regions, failed states, diffuse enemies.我希望明确表示：这一切都不容易。打击暴力极端主义的斗争不可能很快结束，它远远超出阿富汗和巴基斯坦。它是对我们作为一个自由社会以及我们在世界上的领导作用的长期考验。与决定二十世纪的大国冲突和明晰的界线不同，我们的努力将触及骚乱的地区、瘫痪的国家和分散的敌人。

So as a result, America will have to show our strength in the way that we end wars and prevent conflict--not just how we wage wars.We’ll have to be nimble and precise in our use of military power.Where al Qaeda and its allies attempt to establish a foothold--whether in Somalia or Yemen or elsewhere--they must be confronted by growing pressure and strong partnerships.因此，美国必须以我们结束战争和防范冲突的方式——而不是以我们进行战争的方式——来表现我们的力量。我们在使用军事力量时必须灵活机动、精确无误。不管“基地”组织及其同伙企图在何处建立据点——无论是在索马里、也门还是其他地方——都必须以不断增强的压力和牢固的伙伴关系予以应对。

And we can’t count on military might alone.We have to invest in our homeland security, because we can’t capture or kill every violent extremist abroad.We have to improve and better coordinate our intelligence, so that we stay one step ahead of shadowy networks.但是美国不能单靠我们的军事威力。我们必须为增进我国的国土安全而投入资源，因为我们不可能抓获或击毙每一个暴力极端主义分子。我们必须改进和更好地协调我们的情报工作，以便抢在地下网络的前面。

We will have to take away the tools of mass destruction.And that’s why I’ve made it a central pillar of my foreign policy to secure loose nuclear materials from terrorists, to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and to pursue the goal of a world without them--because every nation must understand that true security will never come from an endless race for ever more destructive weapons;true security will come for those who reject them.我们不能让大规模毁灭性武器落入敌手。这正是我把绝不让恐怖分子得到散落的核材料、制止核武器扩散和寻求实现无核世界的目标当作我外交政策的一个中心支柱的原因。因为每一个国家都必须懂得，真正的安全绝不会来自无休止地进行毁灭力日增的武器的竞赛——真正的安全将由拒绝使用这类武器的人获得。We’ll have to use diplomacy, because no one nation can meet the challenges of an interconnected world acting alone.I’ve spent this year renewing our alliances and forging new partnerships.And we have forged a new beginning between America and the Muslim world--one that recognizes our mutual interest in breaking a cycle of conflict, and that promises a future in which those who kill innocents are isolated by those who stand up for peace and prosperity and human dignity.我们必须展开外交，因为没有哪一个国家能够单独应对相互联系的世界的挑战。今年一年，我都在巩固我们的同盟并建立新的伙伴关系。我们与穆斯林世界之间有了一个新的开端——即认识到我们的共同利益在于打破冲突的恶性循环并构筑一个未来，让捍卫和平繁荣与人类尊严者将屠杀无辜者置于孤立境地。

And finally, we must draw on the strength of our values--for the challenges that we face may have changed, but the things that we believe in must not.That’s why we must promote our values by living them at home--which is why I have prohibited torture and will close the prison at Guantanamo Bay.And we must make it clear to every man, woman and child around the world who lives under the dark cloud of tyranny that America will speak out on behalf of their human rights, and tend to the light of freedom and justice and opportunity and respect for the dignity of all peoples.That is who we are.That is the source, the moral source, of America’s authority.最后，我们必须汲取我们价值观的力量，我们面对的挑战可能有所改变，但我们坚定的信念不会改变。因此，我们必须在国内以身作则，以此来推进我们的价值观——这就是我为什么禁止使用酷刑并将关闭关塔那摩湾的监狱。我们必须向世界各地生活在暴政阴影下的男女老少表明，美国将在人权问题上为他们代言，维护自由之光、正义、机会、以及对全人类尊严的尊重。这是我国的国格。这是美国威信的道义源泉。

Since the days of Franklin Roosevelt, and the service and sacrifice of our grandparents and great-grandparents, our country has borne a special burden in global affairs.We have spilled American blood in many countries on multiple continents.We have spent our revenue to help others rebuild from rubble and develop their own economies.We have joined with others to develop architecture of institutions--from the United Nations to NATO to the World Bank--that provide for the common security and prosperity of human beings.从富兰克林?罗斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）时期开始，通过我们的祖父辈及其父辈的奉献与牺牲，我们的国家在全球事务中承担了特殊的重负。美国人在横跨几个大洲的许多国家里洒下了鲜血。我们把我们的收入用于帮助别人在废墟上重建他们的国家和发展他们的经济。我们与其他国家一道建立起一整套机构——包括联合国、北约和世界银行——保障了人类的共同安全与繁荣。

We have not always been thanked for these efforts, and we have at times made mistakes.But more than any other nation, the United States of America has underwritten global security for over six decades--a time that, for all its problems, has seen walls come down, and markets open, and billions lifted from poverty, unparalleled scientific progress and advancing frontiers of human liberty.我们并非完美无缺，我们曾经犯过错误。但美利坚合众国在过去60年内为全球安全所承担的责任超过任何一个国家。在这一时期，尽管出现这样或那样的问题，但我们目睹了壁垒拆除、市场开放、数十亿人民脱离贫困、科学取得前所未有的进步、人类自由的前沿不断向前拓展。

For unlike the great powers of old, we have not sought world domination.Our union was founded in resistance to oppression.We do not seek to occupy other nations.We will not claim another nation’s resources or target other peoples because their faith or ethnicity is different from ours.What we have fought for--what we continue to fight for--is a better future for our children and grandchildren.And we believe that their lives will be better if other peoples’ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and access opportunity.与历代强国不同，我们没有追求世界霸权。我们的国家创建于反抗压迫的基础之上。我们绝不会占领另一个国家。我们绝不会攫取另一个国家的资源或因为其他国家的人民的信仰与种族与我们不同而把他们作为我们攻击的目标。我们过去和现在所追求的是让我们的子孙后代有一个更美好的未来；我们深信，如果其他民族的子孙后代能够在生活在自由和机会之中，他们的生活将会更加美好。

亚马逊总裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大学毕业典礼的演讲

As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandparents on their ranch in Texas.I helped fix windmills, vaccinate cattle, and do other chores.We also watched soap operas every afternoon, especially “Days of our Lives.” My grandparents belonged to a Caravan Club, a group of Airstream trailer owners who travel together around the U.S.and Canada.And every few summers, we'd join the caravan.We'd hitch up the Airstream trailer to my grandfather's car, and off we'd go, in a line with 300 other Airstream adventurers.I loved and worshipped my grandparents and I really looked forward to these trips.On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old.I was rolling around in the big bench seat in the back of the car.My grandfather was driving.And my grandmother had the passenger seat.She smoked throughout these trips, and I hated the smell.At that age, I'd take any excuse to make estimates and do minor arithmetic.I'd calculate our gas mileage--figure out useless statistics on things like grocery spending.I'd been hearing an ad campaign about smoking.I can't remember the details, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off of your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff.At any rate, I decided to do the math for my grandmother.I estimated the number of cigarettes per days, estimated the number of puffs per cigarette and so on.When I was satisfied that I'd come up with a reasonable number, I poked my head into the front of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you've taken nine years off your life!” I have a vivid memory of what happened, and it was not what I expected.I expected to be applauded for my cleverness and arithmetic skills.“Jeff, you're so smart.You had to have made some tricky estimates, figure out the number of minutes in a year and do some division.” That's not what happened.Instead, my grandmother burst into tears.I sat in the backseat and did not know what to do.While my grandmother sat crying, my grandfather, who had been driving in silence, pulled over onto the shoulder of the highway.He got out of the car and came around and opened my door and waited for me to follow.Was I in trouble? My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man.He had never said a harsh word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time? Or maybe he would ask that I get back in the car and apologize to my grandmother.I had no experience in this realm with my grandparents and no way to gauge what the consequences might be.We stopped beside the trailer.My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you'll understand that it's harder to be kind than clever.”

What I want to talk to you about today is the difference between gifts and choices.Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.Gifts are easy--they're given after all.Choices can be hard.You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you're not careful, and if you do, it'll probably be to the detriment of your choices.This is a group with many gifts.I'm sure one of your gifts is the gift of a smart and capable brain.I'm confident that's the case because admission is competitive and if there weren't some signs that you're clever, the dean of admission wouldn't have let you in.Your smarts will come in handy because you will travel in a land of marvels.We humans--plodding as we are--will astonish ourselves.We'll invent ways to generate clean energy and a lot of it.Atom by atom, we'll assemble tiny machines that will enter cell walls and make repairs.This month comes the extraordinary but also inevitable news that we've synthesized life.In the coming years, we'll not only synthesize it, but we'll engineer it to specifications.I believe you'll even see us understand the human brain.Jules Verne, Mark Twain, Galileo, Newton--all the curious from the ages would have wanted to be alive most of all right now.As a civilization, we will have so many gifts, just as you as individuals have so many individual gifts as you sit before me.How will you use these gifts? And will you take pride in your gifts or pride in your choices? I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago.I came across the fact that Web usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year.I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles--something that simply couldn't exist in the physical world--was very exciting to me.I had just turned 30 years old, and I'd been married for a year.I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most startups don't, and I wasn't sure what would happen after that.MacKenzie(also a Princeton grad and sitting here in the second row)told me I should go for it.As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor.I'd invented an automatic gate closer out of cement-filled tires, a solar cooker that didn't work very well out of an umbrella and tinfoil, baking-pan alarms to entrap my siblings.I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired.I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet.He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision.Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot.I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.Tomorrow, in a very real sense, your life--the life you author from scratch on your own--begins.How will you use your gifts? What choices will you make? Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions? Will you follow dogma, or will you be original? Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure? Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions? Will you bluff it out when you're wrong, or will you apologize? Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love? Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling? When it's tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless? Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder? Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind? I will hazard a prediction.When you are 80 years old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made.In the end, we are our choices.Build yourself a great story.Thank you and good luck!亚马逊总裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大学毕业典礼的演讲

在我还是一个孩子的时候，我的夏天总是在德州祖父母的农场中度过。我帮忙修理风车，为牛接种疫苗，也做其它家务。每天下午，我们都会看肥皂剧，尤其是《我们的岁月》。我的祖父母参加了一个房车俱乐部，那是一群驾驶Airstream拖挂型房车的人们，他们结伴遍游美国和加拿大。每隔几个夏天，我也会加入他们。我们把房车挂在祖父的小汽车后面，然后加入300余名Airstream探险者们组成的浩荡队伍。

我爱我的祖父母，我崇敬他们，也真心期盼这些旅程。那是一次我大概十岁时的旅行，我照例坐在后座的长椅上，祖父开着车，祖母坐在他旁边，吸着烟。我讨厌烟味。

在那样的年纪，我会找任何借口做些估测或者小算术。我会计算油耗还有杂货花销等鸡毛蒜皮的小事。我听过一个有关吸烟的广告。我记不得细节了，但是广告大意是说，每吸一口香烟会减少几分钟的寿命，大概是两分钟。无论如何，我决定为祖母做个算术。我估测了祖母每天要吸几支香烟，每支香烟要吸几口等等，然后心满意足地得出了一个合理的数字。接着，我捅了捅坐在前面的祖母的头，又拍了拍她的肩膀，然后骄傲地宣称，“每天吸两分钟的烟，你就少活九年!” 我清晰地记得接下来发生了什么，而那是我意料之外的。我本期待着小聪明和算术技巧能赢得掌声，但那并没有发生。相反，我的祖母哭泣起来。我的祖父之前一直在默默开车，把车停在了路边，走下车来，打开了我的车门，等着我跟他下车。我惹麻烦了吗?我的祖父是一个智慧而安静的人。他从来没有对我说过严厉的话，难道这会是第一次?还是他会让我回到车上跟祖母道歉?我以前从未遇到过这种状况，因而也无从知晓会有什么后果发生。我们在房车旁停下来。祖父注视着我，沉默片刻，然后轻轻地、平静地说：“杰夫，有一天你会明白，善良比聪明更难。” 选择比天赋更重要

今天我想对你们说的是，天赋和选择不同。聪明是一种天赋，而善良是一种选择。天赋得来很容易——毕竟它们与生俱来。而选择则颇为不易。如果一不小心，你可能被天赋所诱惑，这可能会损害到你做出的选择。在座各位都拥有许多天赋。我确信你们的天赋之一就是拥有精明能干的头脑。之所以如此确信，是因为入学竞争十分激烈，如果你们不能表现出聪明智慧，便没有资格进入这所学校。

你们的聪明才智必定会派上用场，因为你们将在一片充满奇迹的土地上行进。我们人类，尽管跬步前行，却终将令自己大吃一惊。我们能够想方设法制造清洁能源，也能够一个原子一个原子地组装微型机械，使之穿过细胞壁，然后修复细胞。这个月，有一个异常而不可避免的事情发生了——人类终于合成了生命。在未来几年，我们不仅会合成生命，还会按说明书驱动它们。我相信你们甚至会看到我们理解人类的大脑，儒勒·凡尔纳，马克·吐温，伽利略，牛顿——所有那些充满好奇之心的人都希望能够活到现在。作为文明人，我们会拥有如此之多的天赋，就像是坐在我面前的你们，每一个生命个体都拥有许多独特的天赋。你们要如何运用这些天赋呢?你们会为自己的天赋感到骄傲，还是会为自己的选择感到骄傲? 追随自己内心的热情

16年前，我萌生了创办亚马逊的想法。彼时我面对的现实是互联网使用量以每年2300%的速度增长，我从未看到或听说过任何增长如此快速的东西。创建涵盖几百万种书籍的网上书店的想法令我兴奋异常，因为这个东西在物理世界里根本无法存在。那时我刚刚30岁，结婚才一年。

我告诉妻子MacKenzie想辞去工作，然后去做这件疯狂的事情，很可能会失败，因为大部分创业公司都是如此，而且我不确定那之后会发生什么。MacKenzie告诉我，我应该放手一搏。在我还是一个男孩儿的时候，我是车库发明家。我曾用水泥填充的轮胎、雨伞和锡箔以及报警器制作了一个自动关门器。我一直想做一个发明家，MacKenzie支持我追随内心的热情。

我当时在纽约一家金融公司工作，同事是一群非常聪明的人，我的老板也很有智慧，我很羡慕他。我告诉我的老板我想开办一家在网上卖书的公司。他带我在中央公园漫步良久，认真地听我讲完，最后说：“听起来真是一个很好的主意，但是对那些目前没有谋到一份好工作的人来说，这个主意会更好。”

这一逻辑对我而言颇有道理，他说服我在最终作出决定之前再考虑48小时。那样想来，这个决定确实很艰难，但是最终，我决定拼一次。我认为自己不会为尝试过后的失败而遗憾，倒是有所决定但完全不付诸行动会一直煎熬着我。在深思熟虑之后，我选择了那条不安全的道路，去追随我内心的热情。我为那个决定感到骄傲。

明天，非常现实地说，你们从零塑造自己人生的时代即将开启。你们会如何运用自己的天赋?你们又会作出怎样的抉择? 你们是被惯性所引导，还是追随自己内心的热情? 你们会墨守陈规，还是勇于创新? 你们会选择安逸的生活，还是选择一个奉献与冒险的人生? 你们会屈从于批评，还是会坚守信念? 你们会掩饰错误，还是会坦诚道歉? 你们会因害怕拒绝而掩饰内心，还是会在面对爱情时勇往直前? 你们想要波澜不惊，还是想要搏击风浪? 你们会在严峻的现实之下选择放弃，还是会义无反顾地前行? 你们要做愤世嫉俗者，还是踏实的建设者? 你们要不计一切代价地展示聪明，还是选择善良? 我要做一个预测：在你们80岁时某个追忆往昔的时刻，只有你一个人静静对内心诉说着你的人生故事，其中最为充实、最有意义的那段讲述，会被你们作出的一系列决定所填满。最后，是选择塑造了我们的人生。为你自己塑造一个伟大的人生故事。谢谢，祝你们好运!

2009年11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛在北京召开。第三部分的主题演讲“发展的世博理念”由国际展览局名誉主席吴建民先生主持。上海世博会事务协调局局长、上海市政府副秘书长洪浩先生发表了题为“实践世博理念，办好世博盛会”的演讲，以下是讲演内容：

实践世博理念，办好世博盛会

上海世博会事务协调局局长、上海市政府副秘书长 洪浩

2009年11月12日 北京

Stage a Successful Expo in line with the Expo Notion

By Hong Hao Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government

Director of the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination

November 12, 2009, Beijing

各位来宾，女士们、先生们，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen:

本次论坛是上海世博会举行前的最后一次论坛。明年上海世博会将拉开帷幕，迎接来自全球的朋友们。今天我想就世博会的理念和情况和大家做一些交流。

This Expo forum is the last one of its kind before the Shanghai Expo opens half a year later to welcome friends from across the world.Today, I would like to brief you on the preparations for the Shanghai Expo based on the notion for its development.一、世博价值支撑我们办博。

I.The Expo values support our Expo preparation

被誉为世界经济、文化和科技盛会的世博会，一直关注人类的交流与发展，寄托人们的思想与愿望，展示创造的经验与成就，促进国际的合作与友谊。2010年上海世博会是中国第一次举办的综合类世博会，也是世界博览事业在新世纪从中国这个最大的发展中国家，阔步向前的新起点。

Famed as the world’s great event of the economic, cultural and technological fields, the world exposition always attaches great importance to the communication and development of the humankind.Rested with people’s thoughts and aspirations, it displays the experience and achievements people have made and helps promote international cooperation and friendship.The Shanghai Expo is the first universal exhibition to be hosted by China.It also marks a new starting point for the cause of world exposition to progress from the biggest developing country in the new century.国际社会对我们办好2010年世博会充满期待，参展各方对我们的筹备工作大力支持，世博会的内涵日益丰富，自建馆设计各具特色，租赁馆、联合馆展示方案精彩纷呈，世界各国申报的文艺节目五彩缤纷，各类论坛主题响应热烈。

The international community exerts high expectations for a successful Expo in 2010, and the participants strongly support our preparations.The contents of the Shanghai Expo are getting increasingly enriched: self-built pavilions are designed with unique features, while the Exhibition Projects submitted for the rented pavilions and joint pavilions are brilliant.The participants have applied for colorful performances and responded actively to the themes of various forums.作为本届世博会的组织者，我们承担着场馆建设、参展服务、活动筹备、论坛组织、会期运营等各项工作，任务十分艰巨。由于是第一次举办如此大规模、长时间的世博会，我们还缺乏经验。在筹办过程中，我们一直坚持向举办过世博会的国家和城市认真讨教，向奥运会等其他大型活动的主办方虚心学习，主动听取国际展览局的指导，努力汲取各国经验，凝聚各方智慧，秉持世博会“欢聚、沟通、展示、合作”的精神，积极与各参展方携手努力，共同办好2010年世博会。

As the Organizer of the Shanghai Expo, we take charge of the pavilion construction, participation service, events preparations, forum organization and Expo operation, undertaking arduous tasks.We are to gain experience since this is the first time for us to hold such a large-scale and long-duration world exposition.During the preparation, we have been learning from host countries and cities of previous world expositions as well as the organizers of such large-scale events as the Olympics.We also listen to the instructions of the BIE, refer to the experience of all countries, and strive concertedly with the participants to stage a satisfying Expo in 2010 in line with the spirit of the world exposition “understanding, communication, union and cooperation”.[中文空缺]

In spite of the hard work and nervousness, we are also very excited.The Shanghai Expo has the most participating countries and international organizations in the history of the world exposition, and has its innovation embodied in the UBPA participation and the Expo Shanghai Online.Besides, this is the first expo ever hosted by a developing country.And we are confident that the Shanghai Expo with the theme of “Better City, Better Life” will promote the long-run development of Shanghai, enlighten the urbanization in China, enhance communication among different countries and boost the sustainable development of the human being.The Expo staff have a thorough understanding of the Expo values and has combined their own personal values with the Expo notion.We will overcome all difficulties and spare no effort to present a successful, splendid and unforgettable Expo.二、世博价值在于世博理念

II.The Expo values lie in its notion

每届世博会对于主办城市及国家的推动是不同的，例如2000年德国汉诺威世博会进一步巩固了汉诺威作为欧洲国际会展中心的地位，2005年日本爱知世博会对日本中部地区的经济发展带来了积极影响。除了每届世博会所产生的不同影响，什么是世博会共性的意义所在？那就是世博会对普通民众价值观的影响和改变。

The world expositions vary with each other in the degree of promoting the development of the host city and country.For example, the Hannover Expo in 2000 further cemented Hannover’s status in Europe as an international exhibition center;the Aichi Expo in 2005 brought positive influence upon the economic development of the central Japan.Besides the varying influence of each world exposition, their shared significance lies in the impact and change of the common people’s values.当19世纪末20世纪初的公众在世博会上看到留声机、照相机、电视机、火车、汽车、飞机时，他们会增加对科学的追求，增加科技能改变人生的信心；在经历了战争以及经济发展带来的环境污染问题之后，20世纪中后期的世博会通过相应主题让人们坚信，应当用人性来驾驭科技手段，使它们为人类创造幸福，而不是用科技制造出来的武器相互残杀，或者以破坏自然的代价换取经济发展。

In late 1990s and early 2000s, the appearance of phonograph, camera, television, train, car and aircraft at the world expositions enhanced the pursuit of the public for science and raised their confidence that science and technology could change their life.After experiencing the environmental pollution brought by wars and economic development, the world expositions in the mid-and late 20th century made people believe through corresponding themes that we should stick to the principle of people-oriented in applying technologies and make them benefit the humankind, rather than fight each other with the technology-based weapons or develop economy at the cost of destroying the nature.本届世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”，我们希望能在当今全球城市化的进程中，为全人类留下宝贵的文化遗产。今天世界同时受到城市化的好处和苦恼，一方面人们为了更好的工作、教育、居住以及社交条件而进入城市，另一方面，随着城市密度不断提高，规模不断扩大，产生了诸如交通拥堵、卫生、治安以及环境污染，温室气体排放过量等种种问题，由此引发的全球变暖，气候异常现象甚至已经到了危及人类生存的地步。对此，我们需要全球的智慧、经验，来找到问题的答案，并共同努力解决。

Focusing on the theme of “Better City, Better Life”, we hope to leave precious cultural heritages to the humankind during the global urbanization.We are both enjoying the benefits and facing with some problems brought by urbanization.On one hand, people move into cities to get better jobs, receive better education and enjoy better living and social contact conditions.On the other hand, cities keep expanding and accumulate more and more people, resulting in poor traffic, hygiene, public security and environment.Besides, global warming and climate anomaly due to excessive emission of greenhouse gases are endangering people’s life.Therefore, we need to gather the wisdom and experience around the world to address the problem.上海世博会将主要围绕三个问题，即“什么样的城市让生活更美好？什么样的生活观念和实践让城市更美好？什么样的城市发展模式让地球家园更美好？”来探讨目前城市化进程中全人类面临的问题，并试图从全球范围内寻找智慧、经验以及理念。我们希望这些智慧、经验和理念能够影响的人群，不仅是城市管理者、规划师这些城市学领域的专业人士，更应当是千百万前来参观世博会，关注世博会的普通人。我们希望前来参观世博会、关注世博会的千百万普通公众，他们对于世博会的认识，除了在世博会里能看到新奇的建筑、领略各国的风情、体验最新的科技；除了在参观世博会中体验到好看、好吃、好玩；除了更深刻地理解世博会是“科技、经济、文化的奥林匹克”；还应当让参观者在世博会里，能够通过各种精彩的展览、论坛、活动，以及体验网上世博会，接触到当前全人类共同面对的情况，我们现在遇到了怎样的问题？为什么会出现这些问题？我们需要怎么做来解决这些问题，从而让我们的生活变得更美好？这些问题可以引发公众的关注和思考，进而影响他们行为上的积极改变。这也是举办世博会的意义所在。

The Shanghai Expo will mainly center on three questions, that is, what kind of city can make life better? What kind of concept of life and practice can make city better? What kind of city development mode can make the earth better? In this way, we will discuss the problems confronted by the man during the urbanization and try to search for wisdom, experience and concept from across the globe.We hope the wisdom, experience and concept could influence urban administration, planners and experts in urbanology as well as the public visiting and paying attention to the Shanghai Expo.We wish the thousands of millions of visitors could enhance their knowledge in world exposition, could see distinctive buildings, enjoy customs of different countries and experience the latest technologies, and could have their appetite and eyes satisfied.We hope they could understand more profoundly that the world exposition is the Olympics of the technological, economic and cultural fields.What’s more important, we should make them know the problems facing the whole humankind via exciting exhibitions, forums, events and experience in the Expo Shanghai Online and consider the reasons and solutions to the problems, so as to realize a better life.This will arouse the awareness and thoughts of the public and thus bring changes to their behaviors.This is where the significance of the Shanghai Expo lies.三、办好世博会，实现世博理念

III.Present a successful Expo to realize the Expo notion

《国际展览会公约》规定：世界博览会是一种展示活动，其宗旨在于教育大众。世界需要世博会，正是因为世博会的这个教育大众的理念和历史上实际起到的巨大作用与影响力。世博会通过全球各国、国际组织、企业、以及媒体和公众的广泛地共同参与，在欢乐祥和的氛围中，以富有创意的展示方式，展示最新的科技和进步，想象美好的未来，以此有效地推广传播理念并教育公众。The BIE Convention regulates that the world exposition is an exhibition serving as a tool to educate the public.The world needs the world exposition because it is designed to educate the public and it has played a significance role in the history.Participated in by countries, international organizations, enterprises, media organizations and people from across the globe, the world exposition exhibit in a joyous and innovative way the latest technologies and progresses and guide the public to imagine a better future, thus effectively disseminate its concepts and educate the public.我们要用这种认识来指导接下来的办博工作：

We should instruct the following tasks based on the above understanding:

一是把各主题项目做好。展览方面：五个主题馆，将分别从城市人、城市、城市与地球这三个空间维度，以及城市的过去和未来这两个时间维度，来解读“城市，让生活更美好”。各参展国、国际组织、中国地方政府、城市以及企业将带来各自对于当前城市化问题的解答以及未来城市的设想。活动方面：世博会期间每天约100场次的各类文化演艺活动将展示城市文化生活的精彩魅力。上海世博会中的论坛不仅是思想激荡的舞台，也会在高峰论坛上出台《上海宣言》，联合全球的力量一同解决城市化中面临的问题。同时，我们紧扣主题，在世博会建设、筹备、运营的全过程中坚持贯彻科技世博、人文世博、低碳世博、和谐世博的思想。没有成功的精彩的展示、活动、论坛，没有安全有序的运营和参与体验，就无法让观众感受到难忘的世博理念。

First, we should prepare well for the thematic projects.As for exhibitions, the five Theme Pavilions will interpret the theme “Better City, Better Life” via the space dimension of Urbanian, city, city and globe and the time dimension of past and future.The participating countries, international organizations, local Chinese governments, cities and enterprises will bring their solutions to problems brought by urbanization and imaginations for future cities.As for events, about 100 sessions of various performances will be staged every day during the Expo to showcase the exciting charm of urban cultural life.Forums of the Shanghai Expo will serve as a stage for brilliant ideas, and the Shanghai Declaration will be announced on the summit forum to unite resources from the world to address problems facing with the urbanization.In addition, we focus on the Expo theme and stick to the principles of Hi-tech Expo, cultural Expo, low-carbon Expo and harmonious Expo during the construction, preparation and operation.Without successful and splendid exhibitions, events and forums, and without safe and orderly operation, participation and experience, we will never make the visitors be deeply impressed by the Expo notion.二是做好园区内外的互动，包括网上世博，媒体和专家对世博理念的推广，园区内的科技和经验在园区外的应用等等。网上世博会是世博会历史上的一大创新，突破了空间和时间的限制，观众可以事先通过网上世博会了解自己感兴趣的内容，提前安排实际游览路线；也可以在实体参观之后，深入了解相关内容，理解主题和理念，或者是弥补无法到实地参观的遗憾。我们也希望媒体能在明年更加关注世博会，特别是对世博会主题的关注和传播，例如以多样的形式解读和剖析世博会上展示的、各国解决城市化进程中所遇问题的智慧和经验，探讨城市化的发展方向，等等。我们也希望，世博会上展示和应用的各类最新科技、最新工艺，能够尽快地普及推广，引领城市科学、和谐地发展。更为重要的是，我们希望能看到，通过上海世博会的举办，能够让城市管理者、规划师，以及广大的普通市民，关注当前城市化现象和问题，并结合自身情况，作出即使是微小的，但实际的改进，从而在城市规划、市政管理、企业、学术、媒体、市民等不同层面，为改善城市，创造美好生活作出自己的贡献。

Second, we shall offer smooth interaction both out and in the Expo Site, including the promotion of the Expo notion via the Expo Shanghai Online, media and experts as well as the application of intra-Site technologies and experience in areas outside the Expo Site.The Expo Shanghai Online is a great innovation in the history of the world exposition.It breaks the space and time limitations, through which the visitors will get to know what they are interested in, arrange in advance routes for tour, understand in depth relevant contents, themes and concepts after visiting the Expo or make up the pity that they could not visit the physical pavilions.We also hope the media could pay much more attention to the Shanghai Expo in the following year, and cover and disseminate the Expo theme in particular.For example, they may interpret and analyze in diversified ways the wisdom and experience of countries in addressing problems brought by the urbanization, and discuss the directions of urbanization, etc.We also hope that the latest technologies and techniques exhibited and applied in the Shanghai Expo could be popularized as soon as possible to guide the scientific and harmonious urban development.More importantly, we wish that after the Shanghai Expo, city administration, planners and the citizens could attach importance to the urbanization and the problems it brings, and make minor but useful contributions based on their own conditions.In this way, people from all levels including the city management, city administration, academic circle, media and the common public may all make due contributions to improve urban environment and create better life.三是确保运营的成功。5.28平方公里的世博园区，就像一个微型城市，需要为每天40万以上的观众和约10万工作人员提供交通、食品、用水、卫生、通讯、治安、休闲娱乐等基础设施和服务。世博会运营的成功，不仅是让观众能在舒适、安全、低成本的环境里，体验世博理念；其成功运营的本身，就是对于“城市，让生活更美好”的诠释和示范。

Third, we shall ensure the success of the Expo operation.Covering 5.28 square kilometers, the Expo Site is like a miniature city.It needs to offer infrastructure and services in terms of transportation, food, water, hygiene, communication, public security, leisure and entertainment for over 400,000 visitors and about 100,000 staff members every day.A successful Expo will make the visitors experience the Expo notion in a comfortable, secure and low-cost environment.Moreover, the successful operation itself is the best interpretation and demonstration of the theme “Better City, Better Life”.2009年11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博国际论坛在北京召开。上海世博会组委会委员、中国贸促会副会长王锦珍发表讲话，以下为讲话内容: 在第七届中国2010年上海世博国际论坛上的讲话

中国贸促会副会长王锦珍 2009年11月12日

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Wang Jinzhen Vice-Chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

(CCPIT)

November 12, 2009, Beijing

尊敬的韩正市长、尊敬的国际展览局蓝峰主席、洛塞泰斯秘书长、尊敬的各位省长、各位来宾、女士们、先生们、朋友们：

Distinguished Mayor Han，Distinguished President Lafon and Secretary General Loscertales，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen，大家上午好！首先我代表上海世博会组委会和中国国际贸易促进委员会向出席论坛的各位嘉宾表示诚挚的欢迎！

Good morning!On behalf of the National Organizing Committee of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China and China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT), and in the name of the Chief Delegate of China to the BIE, I would like to begin by extending sincere welcome to all participants at this forum.在世界积极应对全球金融危机挑战之际，由中国政府主办为期 184天的上海世博会再有170天将在上海拉开帷幕，从2002年中国申办成功至今，在国际展览局和各参展方积极参与、鼎力支持下，经过七年的精心筹备，上海世博会筹备工作已经进入全面冲刺阶段，蓄势待发，我们期待着2010年与世界各国齐聚上海，共襄盛举。

When the world is waving farewell to the first decade of the 21st Century, it will embrace the 184-day World Expo Shanghai hosted by Chinese Government 169 days from now.Since the successful bidding in 2002, thanks to the active involvement and support of BIE and all participants, the preparation for the World Expo Shanghai has come to the final sprint after seven years’ dedication.Now we are well-prepared for the world grand gathering in Shanghai next year.各位来宾，Dear guests，当前，在全球城市化进程快速发展的同时，各种城市问题也在出现，关注城市的科学发展，解决城市发展难题已经成为人类社会共同关切的命题，上海世博会选择以城市为主题，将集中展示世界各国在城市发展方面的经验、模式和未来的发展理念，向世人展示城市文明成果，交流城市建设经验，传播城市理念，共同探讨城市未来发展的课题，为形成良好的人居环境和健康的工作方式，构建和谐社会，实现可持续发展提供生动的例证，这将是一件具有深刻意义的事情。

Today, with the accelerating progress of global urbanization, city-related issues are emerging.It has become a common concern for human society to pay attention to scientific urban development and solve urban development problems.With the selected theme on “City”, the World Expo Shanghai will be a gallery for the world to showcase the best practice, modes, achievements and future concepts in urban development from all countries, a workshop for people to share urban-building experiences, spread urban concepts and discuss direction of the future city, and a vivid example for the pursuit of sustainable development characterized by livable environment, healthy working style and social harmony, which will be of great significance.面临快速城市化的发展挑战，中国正致力于建设全面协调、可持续发展的城市，我们衷心希望本次以“城市”为主题的上海世博会能集聚全球智慧，共同探索未来人类生存的发展道路。

In the face of accelerating urbanization, China has devoted itself to building well-balanced sustainable cities.We sincerely hope that global wisdom will be pooled at this city-focused World Expo Shanghai so that world people would be enabled to explore the future path for human survival and development.朋友们，Dear friends，中国与世博会的关系源远流长，从1851年开始中国官方和民间通过派员参观或以实物参展等形式先后多次走进世博会，接受了近代文明的洗礼，新中国成立以后，中国贸促会代表中国先后参加了12次世博会，并一直积极促进世博会事业的蓬勃发展。中国在1999年成功举办了昆明世界园艺博览会，又将于2019年举办上海世界博览会，这不但表达了中国寻求与世界各国交流、共同发展的良好愿望，而且也是世界各国加强沟通的平台。

China’s connection with the World Expo is long.It participated officially and non-officially in the form of individual and delegation visits as well as real exhibits, baptized by modern civilization for many times starting from 1851.Since the founding of New China, CCPIT has participated in the World Expo for 12 times on behalf of Chinese Government and has been playing an active role in undertaking the World Expo missions.A good reflection is the successful hosting of 1999 Kunming International Horticulture Exposition and the anticipating World Expo Shanghai, not only expressing China’s intention to seek constant cooperation and co-development with other countries, but also serving as a platform for countries to enhance communication.自上海世博会申办成功以来，中国政府高度重视上海世博会筹备工作，胡锦涛主席多次强调：办好2010年上海世博会是实现科学发展的重要契机，并指出，要举全中国之力，集世界智慧，以上海世博会为契机，为推进世界各国经济、技术和文化交流与合作，摆脱金融危机的影响，促进可持续发展作出努力。

China has been attaching great importance to the preparation of the World Expo Shanghai since the successful bidding.As stressed repeatedly by President Hu Jintao, the World Expo Shanghai is a pivotal opportunity for fulfillment of the Scientific Outlook on Development and the entire nation should make good use of this opportunity, by pooling the global wisdom, to make contribution to getting out of the financial crisis towards sustainable development through cooperation and exchanges in economy, technology and culture between countries.刚才温家宝总理在主旨演讲中对上海世博会加强全球合作、促进城市可持续发展提出了殷切的希望，这充分体现了中国办好上海世博会的坚定决心。上海世博会组委会成立以来，中央政府各有关部门和上海市紧密配合，通力协作，围绕参展事务、园区建设、宣传推介、法律保障、医疗卫生、知识产权等方面全力推进办博工作，各省区市也积极参展，并期待与各参展方的全面合作。

Just now in his keynote speech, Premier Wen Jiabao also expressed eager expectation for the role of the World Expo Shanghai in promoting global partnership and sustainable urban development.All this is a reflection of the confidence of the Chinese Government in the success of this Expo.As soon as the National Organizing Committee of World Expo Shanghai was established, related Central Government departments started to collaborate with Shanghai Municipal Government in all aspects including participation issues, pavilion construction, promoting, legal assurance, medical and hygienic issues and intellectual property right, etc.to ensure smooth preparation.Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities also take their parts as participants and are longing for full cooperation with other participants.作为国际展览局和世博会大家庭的一员，中国期待着与世界各国朋友一道在异彩纷呈的上海世博会上感受文化创意、体验科学进步、交流发展理念、共享文明成果，为新世纪城市的发展探索新的模式和新的发展思路，为和谐社会的缔造和人类的可持续发展作出卓越的贡献。

As a member of the BIE and World Expo family, China is ready to share the world friends with cultural creativity, scientific and technological advancement, ideas on development and achievements of civilization on a wonderful World Expo Shanghai, so that we could explore new modes and thoughts for cities in the new century and make outstanding contribution to social harmony and sustainable human development.女士们、先生们，Ladies and gentlemen，不同文明交流、兼容并蓄是社会进步的不竭动力，上海世博会把来自不同文明、不同地域的智慧凝聚在一起，共同描绘城市美好的未来，我们相信本届论坛一定能够为我们带来启迪和收获，为上海世博会成功举办贡献智慧，最后预祝本届世博会国际论坛取得圆满成功，欢迎届时大家到上海参观上海世博会。

Complementary exchanges, learning and tolerance between civilizations is an inexhaustible driving force for the social progress.In this spirit, the World Expo Shanghai will function as a pool of wisdoms from various civilizations and geographical regions to conceive a better future for cities.This Forum, I believe, will inspire us to deliver an Expo of wisdom.To conclude, I wish the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China a complete success.谢谢大家！

Thank you all.11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛在北京闭幕。上海市市长、上海世博会组委会副主任委员韩正先生主持闭幕式，国际展览局秘书长洛塞泰斯先生作闭幕演讲。以下是相关内容：

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Vicente Loscertales Secretary General of the International Expositions Bureau(BIE)

November 12, 2009, Beijing 在第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛上的讲话

国际展览局秘书长洛塞泰斯

2009年11月12日

Your excellence Mr.Vice Premier, Your excellence Mayor of Shanghai, Distinguished guests.Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen，尊敬的副总理先生、尊敬的上海市长、各位尊敬的来宾们、朋友们、女士们、先生们：

It is a great honor to share with you some perspectives at the conclusion of this last World Expo Forum.Since China began its preparation work for Shanghai 2010, the organizers have maintained their commitment to organize a yearly forum in cooperation with the BIE.Each forum has achieved its stated objectives and has supported the preparation work for Expo 2010, especially as it pertains to the development of the theme.能够在这一届论坛结束之际和大家分享一些我的看法，我感到非常荣幸。自中国开始为上海世博准备以来，组织者一直履行着自己的承诺：每年都要和国际展览局一起举办一届这样的论坛。这些论坛都实现了既定目标，而且也支持了世博筹备工作，特别是在主题发展方面作出了很大的贡献。

At the same time, with each forum, the Expo has forged new beneficial connections with other host cities, and has strengthened the partnership with the BIE.I am especially grateful to the organizers for their cooperation with the BIE which has contributed to reinforce our friendship and mutual trust.This has contributed to improve the preparation work for the Expo, and to make our organization stronger.In this last forum, we have heard complete and compelling presentations of the exhibitions, the events and the forums that Expo Shanghai has in store for us.For this reason, I suggest that we project ourselves beyond the actual event and reflect on what Shanghai 2010 means for the future of Expos and of the BIE.与此同时，随着每一届论坛的召开，上海世博会和其他世博主办城市建立了新的、有益的关系，同时也加强了和组织者合作的关系，我特别感谢上海世博会组织者和国际展览局的合作，这将会不断推动我们相互之间的友谊和互信，同时它也对世博会作出了很大的贡献，使得所有的组织更加强大。在最后的论坛中，我们听到了有关于上海世博会的各种展览、活动及论坛相关报告，因此我觉得我们不仅仅要看上海世博会本身，而且要看一下对于上海世博会、对于我们的世博会及国际展览局的未来意味着什么。

The title of this forum could not have been more appropriate.The objective of Building the Future City with Global Wisdom is implicit in the mission of Expos.However, in the coming years, it must become a more explicit and overarching goal of Expos and an integral part of the roadmap for the strategy of the BIE.我们是有着一百多个国家参与的组织，这届论坛的主题非常合适。“凝聚全球智慧，共创城市未来”，这个主题隐含在过去这些年来世博的使命当中，在未来它必须变得更加清晰，对于国际展览局的路线和战略来说它也是内在的部分和重要的目标。

There is no better time and no better place than Shanghai 2010 to launch this reflection.The time is right because cities are emerging as key players in the global stage in two respects.Cities are becoming more and more influential in the world stage.Cities are ultimately responsible for the implementation of policies and solutions involving quality of life, cultural diversity, economic strength and social advancement.For this reason, today they are at the center of the global efforts to enhance urban environments, and therefore quality of life.In this context, where cities are emerging as stronger and stronger players, Expos are becoming instruments that support a city’s differentiation amongst its peers.2010年在上海举办世博会是最为合适的，城市在全球舞台上越来越重要，体现在两方面，城市在全球舞台上越来越有影响力，要由城市提供很多解决办法，比如在文化多样性、经济实力以及社会发展方面的，这一天我们听到了很多相关内容，正因为这个原因，城市正是全球加强环境和提高生活质量的努力的中心。在这一背景之下，城市变得越来越强大、越来越重要，世博可以成为支持城市差异化的非常好的工具。Through its theme, cultural diversity, new technologies, urban and cultural renewal, the Expo offers a platform that gives new breadth and depth to a city’s identity.Shanghai 2010 will catalyze the energies and the visions of the world on how to build the future cities with global wisdom, and will show how the Expo directly supports the city’s endeavor in influencing the global dialogue and dynamics in the area of the theme.通过世博的主题、文化多样性、新技术和振兴，世博可以成为一个很好的平台给予城市身份认同以新的宽度和广度，而上海世博将会进一步激发世界能量和愿景，通过汇聚全球智慧就如何建立更好的城市展开讨论。

The place is right for three related reasons.Because of the combination of the size, the rapid development of a relatively young megalopolis and, finally, the millenary tradition of China, Shanghai, like no other city, embodies the different challenges faced by the majority of cities in the world.Shanghai is also the first Expo to take place in the developing world.This makes it a well suited venue to bring together diverse experiences and build the bridges that will help improve the cities of tomorrow.Finally, China is demonstrating an outstanding ability to leverage its Expo as a means to shape its image abroad, to pursue major educational campaigns and to cement its cooperation ties with a variety of international players.为什么这么说呢？有三个原因，因为上海的规模和它的迅速发展，再加上中国几千年的历史，相比其他城市而言，上海面临的挑战也是大多数城市所面临的不同挑战，就像前面有发言者提到的，上海世博是第一届发展中国家举办的世博，在这里我们可以看到各种多样性经验，我们要建立相应的桥梁、改善未来的城市，除此之外，中国可以以世博作为载体进一步提升它在海外的形象，并且可以进一步加强和巩固一系列与国际方面的关系、合作。

As the global community looks to connect developed and developing world, East and West, North and South, rich and poor, urban and rural environments, past and future, Shanghai这是一个庄严的决定，不论是什么困难，我们已承诺要彼此仁慈地相爱。

You have both made your decision today – “I will” – and by making this new relationship, you have aligned yourselves with what we believe is the way in which life is spiritually evolving, and which will lead to a creative future for the human race.今天你们两人都做出了“我愿意”这个决定，通过建立这个新的关系，你们让自己与我们所相信的保持一致-生命是精神的成长，将会为人类带来一个有创意的未来。

We stand looking forward to a century which is full of promise and full of peril.Human beings are confronting the question of how to use wisely a power that has been given to us through the discoveries of the last century.We shall not be converted to the promise of the future by more knowledge, but rather by an increase of loving wisdom and reverence, for life, for the earth and for one another.我们共同期待着一个既充满希望又充满危险的世纪，通过上个世纪的发现，人类面临着如何智慧的运用赋予我们手中权力的问题，我们不会靠更多的知识而转变成未来的希望，而是通过对生命、大地、以及彼此的爱的智慧和崇敬。Marriage should transform, as husband and wife make one another their work of art.It is possible to transform as long as we do not harbour ambitions to reform our partner.There must be no coercion if the Spirit is to flow;each must give the other space and freedom.Chaucer, the London poet, sums it up in a pithy phrase: 婚姻是应该令人改变的，只要这种改变是建立在夫妻将对方成为自己的艺术作品。婚姻是可以改变的人的，只要我们不要有去改造对方的雄心。精神的成长绝对不是靠强制，每个人必须给予对方空间和自由。伦敦的诗人乔叟，在诗中写道： “Whan maistrie [mastery] comth, the God of Love anon, Beteth his wynges, and farewell, he is gon.”

As the reality of God has faded from so many lives in the West, there has been a corresponding inflation of expectations that personal relations alone will supply meaning and happiness in life.This is to load our partner with too great a burden.We are all incomplete: we all need the love which is secure, rather than oppressive, we need mutual forgiveness, to thrive.由于在西方很多人淡忘了上帝这样的现实，从而产生了对两性关系相应膨胀的期望，希望两性关系能提供生活的意义与幸福。这会给我们的伴侣带来巨大的负担。我们都不完整：我们都需要安全而不是压抑的爱，我们需要相互宽恕，共同成长。As we move towards our partner in love, following the example of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit is quickened within us and can increasingly fill our lives with light.This leads to a family life which offers the best conditions in which the next generation can practise and exchange those gifts which can overcome fear and division and incubate the coming world of the Spirit, whose fruits are love and joy and peace.遵循着耶稣.基督的榜样，当我们心怀仁慈走向我们的伴侣时，圣灵在我们之中增长，我们的生活会越来越充满光明。这会为下一代提供最佳的家庭生活条件，在这种条件下，下一代能够训练和交换那些能够克服恐惧和分裂才能，并培养未来世界的精神，这精神成果是爱、欢乐与和平。

I pray that all of us present and the many millions watching this ceremony and sharing in your joy today, will do everything in our power to support and uphold you in your new life.And I pray that God will bless you in the way of life that you have chosen, that way which is expressed in the prayer that you have composed together in preparation for this day: 我祈祷今天所有在场的以及观看今天仪式并分享欢乐的亿万人民，都能尽其所能支持你们的新生活。我也祈祷上帝能够保佑你们，使你们所选择的生活正如你们之前写下的祈祷一样美满：

God our Father, we thank you for our families;for the love that we share and for the joy of our marriage.我们的天父，我们感谢您赐予我们彼此的家庭，相互的爱情以及幸福的婚姻。In the busyness of each day keep our eyes fixed on what is real and important in life and help us to be generous with our time and love and energy.让我们在忙碌的每一天中，将目光放在生命里真实而重要的事情上，指引我们奉献我们的时间、爱与能量。

Strengthened by our union help us to serve and comfort those who suffer.We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ.Amen.让我们结合并增强力量，指引我们去服务与安慰那些受苦的人。我们以耶稣基督的精神祈祷。阿门。

第五篇：口译材料

味道清淡：Light 味道浓郁：Heavy 油水重：Heavy oil and water 虾仁鸡尾酒：Shrimp cocktail 油炸花生：Fried peanut 上海蟹： Crab 铁板鱼：Braised fish 烧仔鸡: Braised chick 番茄色拉：Tomato salad 油花菜汤：Cauliflower soup Budweiser: 百威啤酒

开幕式Opening ceremony 博鳌论坛Boao Forum 中非合作论坛The China-Africa Cooperation Forum 讲话make address 午宴Luncheon 晚宴Dinner/ party 致祝酒词to make a toast 值……之际 on the occasion of 代表On behalf of 很荣幸/高兴/愉快It’s my great honor /pleasure /delight to…/I’m honored/pleased/privileged to…

以我个人名义 In my own name 向……表示欢迎/问候/祝愿

To extend / express the warm welcome/ greetings/ best wishes to… 请允许我向各位嘉宾表示热烈的欢迎和亲切的问候

Please allow me to express our warm welcome and cordial greetings to the distinguished guests.中国有句古话，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”

As the Chinese saying goes/ There is an old saying in Chinese which goes, “Isn’t it a great pleasure to have friends coming from afar?” 最后，我提议，为……干杯

In closing, I propose a toast to…/ join me in a toast to…

最后，我提议让我们共同举杯，为两国的友谊和合作干杯

In closing, I would like you to raise your glasses and join me in a toast to… 祝会议圆满成功

Wish the conference a huge success.祝大家身体健康、心情愉快、工作顺利

Wish all of you a good health, good mood and good work.我的发言到此结束，谢谢各位！

I’d like to conclude my speech/ I’d like to end my speech.Thank you for your attention.1.尊敬的布什总统和夫人，各位来宾，女士们、先生们、朋友们，首先，我仅代表我的夫人和同事们，并以我个人的名义，对布什总统及夫人给予我们的周到安排和盛情款待，表示衷心的感谢。

Mr.President and Mrs.Bush, distinguished guests, dear friends, ladies and gentlemen, first of all, I wish to express, on behalf of my wife and my colleagues, and in my own name, my sincere thanks to you, Mr.Bush and Mrs.Bush for your thoughtful arrangement and gracious hospitality.2.我还要感谢布什总统及夫人为我提供这次机会，使我能够在这一盛大的欢迎午宴上，同新老朋友见面，畅叙友情。

I also want to thank Mr.President and Mrs.Bush for giving me this important opportunity to renew my friendship with old friends and make new ones at this grant welcoming luncheon.3.多年来，在座的各位朋友，为增进中美两国人民间友谊，推动中美关系发展，做出了积极贡献，在这里，我仅代表中国政府和人民，向你们并通过你们，向所有关心和支持中国关系发展的美国各界人士，表示诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿。

Over the years, all of you present here have worked to promote the friendship between our two peoples and promote China-U.S relations.On behalf of Chinese government and people, I wish to extend my warm greetings and best wishes to you, and through you, to all the Americans who care about and support the China-U.S.relations.4.现在，我提议，为布什总统和夫人的健康，为在座各位朋友的健康，为中美两国人民的友谊，为中美关系的美好未来，干杯！

Now please join me in a toast to the health of Mr.President and Mrs.Bush, to the health of friends here, to the friendship of our two peoples and to the great future of China – U.S.relations.