第一篇:词汇学的个人认知
Morpheme In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology.A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding.When it stands by itself, it is considered a root because it has a meaning of its own and when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea, it is an affix because it has a grammatical function.Every word comprises one or more morphemes.The more combinations a morpheme is found in, the more productive it is said to be.Classification of morphemes 1.Free vs.bound
Every morpheme can be classified as either free or bound.These categories are mutually exclusive, and as such, a given morpheme will belong to exactly one of them.<1> Free morphemes can function independently as words(e.g.town, dog)and can appear with other lexemes(e.g.town hall, doghouse).<2> Bound morphemes appear only as parts of words, always in conjunction with a root and sometimes with other bound morphemes.For example, un-appears only accompanied by other morphemes to form a word.Most bound morphemes in English are affixes, particularly prefixes and suffixes, examples of suffixes are: tion, ation, ible, ing, etc.Bound morphemes that are not affixes are called cranberry morphemes.Bound morphemes can be further classified as derivational or inflectional.<1> Derivational morphemes, when combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or part of speech of the affected word.For example, in the word happiness, the addition of the bound morpheme-ness to the root happy changes the word from an adjective(happy)to a noun(happiness).In the word unkind, un-functions as a derivational morpheme, for it inverts the meaning of the word formed by the root kind.<2> Inflectional morphemes modify a verb's tense or a noun's number without affecting the word's meaning or class.Examples of applying inflectional morphemes to words are adding-s to the root dog to form dogs and adding-ed to wait to form waited.In English, there are eight inflections.2.Allomorphs Allomorphs are variants of a morpheme that differ in pronunciation but are semantically identical.For example, in English, the plural marker-(e)s of regular nouns can be pronounced /-z/, /-s/, or /-ɨz/, depending on the final sound of the noun's singular form.3.Content vs.function Content morphemes express a concrete meaning or content, while function morphemes have more of a grammatical role.For example, the morphemes fast and sad can be considered content morphemes.On the other hand, the suffix –ed belongs to the function morphemes given that it has the grammatical function of indicating past tense.Although these categories seem very clear and intuitive, the idea behind it can be harder to grasp given that they overlap with each other.Examples of an ambiguous situation are the preposition over and the determiner your, which seem to have a concrete meaning, but are considered function morphemes because their role is to connect ideas grammatically.A general rule to follow to determine the category of a morpheme is: <1> Content morphemes include free morphemes that are nouns, adverbs, adjective, and verbs.It also includes bound morphemes that are bound roots and derivational affixes.<2> Function morphemes can be free morphemes that are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, and conjunctions.Additionally, they can be bound morphemes that are inflectional affixes.Morphological analysis In natural language processing for Korean, Japanese, Chinese and other languages, morphological analysis is the process of segmenting a sentence into a row of morphemes.Morphological analysis is closely related to part-of-speech tagging, but word segmentation is required for these languages because word boundaries are not indicated by blank spaces.The purpose of morphological analysis is to determine the minimal units of in a language or morphemes by using comparisons of similar forms.For example, comparing forms such as “She is walking” and “They are walking” rather than comparing any of the previous sentences with something completely different like “You are reading”.Thus, we can effectively break down the forms in parts and distinguishing the different morphemes.Similarly, keep in mind that the meaning and the form are equally important during the identification of morphemes.For instance, agent and comparative morphemes illustrate this point.An agent morpheme is an affix like-er that transforms a verb into a noun(e.g.teach ⇒ teacher).On the other hand, –er can also be a comparative morpheme that changes an adjective into another degree of the same adjective(e.g.small ⇒ smaller).In this case, the form is the same, but the meaning of both morphemes is different.Also, the opposite can occur in which the meaning is the same but the form is different.Additional notes First, roots are composed of only one morpheme while stems can be composed of more than one morpheme.Also, any additional affixes are considered morphemes.An example of this is the word quirkiness.The root is quirk, but the stem is quirky which has two morphemes.Second, another thing to take in consideration is that there might be affixes that have the same phonological form, but have different meaning.For example, the suffix –er can be derivative(e.g.wonder ⇒ wonderer)or inflectional(e.g.small ⇒ smaller).These types of morphemes are called homophonous.A final factor to keep in consideration is to not be confused by monomorphic words, which contain only one morpheme.For instance, some words might seem to be composed of multiple morphemes, but in fact they are not.This is why we have to consider form and meaning when searching for morphemes.For example, we might think that the word relate is composed of two morphemes, re-(prefix)and the word late, but this is not correct.It has no relationship with the definitions relevant to the word like “feel sympathy”, “narrate”, or “being connected by blood or marriage”.Furthermore, the length of the words does not determine if it has multiple morphemes or not.To demonstrate, the word Madagascar is long and it might seem to have morphemes like mad, gas, and car, but it does not.Conversely, small words can have multiple morphemes(e.g.dogs).Changing definitions of morpheme In generative grammar, the definition of a morpheme depends heavily on whether syntactic trees have morphemes as leaves or features as leaves.1 Direct surface to syntax mapping LFG – leaves is words 2 Direct syntax to semantics mapping <1> Leaves in syntactic trees spell out morphemes: Distributed morphology – leaves are morphemes <2> Branches in syntactic trees spell out morphemes: Radical Minimalism and Nanosyntax – leaves are “nano” morpho-syntactic features
Given the definition of morpheme as “the smallest meaningful unit” Nanosyntax aims to account for idioms where it is often an entire syntactic tree which contributes “the smallest meaningful unit.” An example idiom is “Don't let the cat out of the bag” where the idiom is composed of “let the cat out of the bag” and that might be considered a semantic morpheme, which is composed of many syntactic morphemes.Other cases where the “smallest meaningful unit” is larger than a word include some collocations such as “in view of” and “business intelligence” where the words together have a specific meaning.The definition of morphemes also plays a significant role in the interfaces of generative grammar in the following theoretical constructs;<1> Event semantics: the idea that each productive morpheme must have a compositional semantic meaning(a denotation), and if the meaning is there, there must be a morpheme(null or overt).<2> Spell-out: the interface where syntactic/semantic structures are “spelled-out” using words or morphemes with phonological content.This can also be thought of as lexical insertion into the syntactic.
第二篇:词汇学
The first documented appearance of the word “nerd” is as the name of a creature inbook(1950), in which the narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect “a Nerkle, a Nerd, and atoo” for his imaginary zoo.(The nerd itself is a small humanoid creature looking comically angry, like a thin, cross Chester A.Arthur)Themeaning of the term dates back to 1951, whenmagazine reported on its popular use as a synonym for “" or ”“ in ,.The third appearance of nerd in print is back in the United States in 1970 in Current Slang :”nurd, someone with objectionable habits or traits...An uninteresting person, a “dud”.By the early 1960s, usage of the term had spread throughout the United States, and even as far as Scotland.At some point, the word took on connotations of bookishness and social ineptitude。-------美国传统词典
Now:1.a person who is boring , stupid and not fashionable.2.A person who is very interested in computers.但是,随着互联网革命,比尔.盖茨等计算机精英在社会上取得的成就,使nerd 的轻蔑色彩越来越少。随着计算机的普及,被形容为Nerd 越来越让人感到高兴。
Retard
Formal:to make the development or progress of sth slower
Offensive Slang: used as a disparaging term for a mentally retarded person.A person considered to be foolish or socially inept.The word “retard” began to be used to describe the “mentally challenged” in the late 19th century to replace words like “idiot”, “imbecile” and “moron” all of which had started being used as insults and had originally been used as medical labels for different low IQ ranges.Considering that “retard” was invented for the purpose of not being offensive and all it meant(before being used as a euphemism)is “to slow or impede” suggesting the individual is just “slow” how is it considered offensive now? Also, does the history of the word mean that people who claim it is offensive(and that people who use it are being ignorant)are actually the ones who are ignorant as they are clearly ignorant of the word's history(or they would not consider it offensive?)
第三篇:词汇学学习心得
现代汉语词汇学学习心得
本篇文章分为二个部分,第一部分主要来谈谈学习现代汉语词汇学课程的感想和收获,第二部分阐述我在学习了这门课程后对于如何进行对外汉语词汇教学的一些思考。
一.学习现代汉语词汇学课程的感想和收获
对于现代汉语词汇我们不是第一次接触了,早在大一的现代汉语课上就已经有所涉及。但那都是很笼统的讲到,并没有做具体的分析研究,到了大三下学期才单独开设了现代汉语词汇学这门课程。在上这门课程前,就听学姐学长讲过词汇学很难,在学了这门课之后深有体会。记得在一开始的练习中就碰到了困难,如分析哪些是词自己就有点糊涂了,原因是自己还没有弄清楚词的具体该概念,即确定词的的一般方法,尤其是在扩展法上会出现问题。但后来经过讨论,老师讲解,自己终于有所领悟。虽然在学习的当中会碰到很多难题,但通过一学期的学习,自己也有很多收获。
首先来谈谈教材,我们词汇学选符准青的《现代汉语词汇》增订本就是一本很好的教材。它的编订很合理,内容很详细,每章后都附有练习,有助于我们巩固我们所学的知识。除了解决词汇学中的一般问题,另外还提出了很多疑难问题让我们注意,这是其他教材很难做到的。例如第一章节疑难问题就提出具有争议的问题,如何确定述补结构(吃饱 打倒)等是不是词的问题,这些疑难问题对于我们真正把握词的概念,拓展我们的思维有很大帮助。
其次,我也非常庆幸遇到一位优秀的老师来教授我们这么课程。老师 有着扎实的专业基础知识和丰富的对外汉语教学经验,所以知道怎样使我们很好的接受那些词汇学知识,更重要的是我们能够将学到的知识理论应用于实际。在学习的过程,老师并没有像填鸭子似地把知识抛给我们,而是时不时的给我们提一个问题,让我们去思考,虽然最后我们的答案并不尽人意,但至少给了我们一个锻炼思考能力及分析问题的机会。在学习过程中老师一直强调我们不要读死书,要学会思考,这本书固然有它的优点,也存在一定的缺点,我们要取其精华,剔其糟粕。例如在学习第七章词汇划分问题上,老师就告诉我们书上的词汇划分不科学,对于基本词汇和一般词汇的定义模糊,但在基本词汇的特点上有可取之处,基本词汇具有普遍性,稳固性和构成新词的基础,这一点很可取。
再者,学习这门课程后我认识到词汇学的重要性,词汇学最为一门单独的专业课程开设是很有必要的。现代汉语词汇是不断丰富发展变化着的。社会生活的发展,包括新事物的出现,旧事物消灭,阶级斗争的发展;人的思想意识的发展;语言内部各个因素的相互作用等等。现代汉语词汇是历代积累传承下来的大量词语和和不断产生的大量词语组合起来的整体。学习现代汉语词汇有着十分重要的意义,它让我们意识到词汇的重要性,提高我们的表达能力、语言能力,而且有助于语文教学,词汇教学在语文教学中占有重要位置。要引导学习者掌握丰富的词语,正确理解词语的意义,正确运用词语,就要利用现代汉语词汇学所学的各种知识。因此,一定要通过自身的努力学好掌握好这门学问。
最后,通过这门课程的学习,我对怎样才能学好现代汉语词汇学有了一些体会。虽然这门课程即将结束,但学问是无穷无尽的,这门课程只是为我们打开了学习词汇学的一个窗口,在平时我们还应当坚持课后自主学习,因此掌握一些学习词汇学的方法尤为重要。第一,我们要重视古汉语知识,将现代汉语词汇学习和古汉学习结合起来,不能将现代汉语词汇学习和古汉语知识割裂开来。例如同义词的学习,我们知道本义.词源义对同义词辨析有很大帮助。例如房和屋是典型的同义词,可它们与同一语素构成的复合词“同房”和“同屋”却表示不同的意思,“屋顶花园”的“屋”也不宜用房来替换。房与屋这类特点的搭配关系是不是有其意义差异决定的?若是,它们的意义差别在哪里。屋的本义是屋的顶部覆盖,引申指房舍,还引申出覆盖,车盖,帽子顶部高起的部分等义位。而房本指正室两旁主要用于睡觉的房屋,其词源义为两旁。由于表房屋义的屋和房各有来源,因此在构词造句上表现出不同的倾向。具体而言,涉及房顶时多用屋,如屋顶花园,屋檐;与住宿睡觉有关的多用房,如同房指在同一间房间住宿或夫妻生活,而同室者,室友多称同屋。另外与住宿睡觉无关的书房,灶房可以成为书屋,灶屋,而与住宿睡觉有关的卧房,客房中的房却不能用屋来代替。在这个例子中,我们如果对本义,词源义茫然不知,就可能捕捉不到它们在不同词各自的语义特征,从而把它们解释为某些固定搭配说的约定俗称。在词义辨析中,有时仅仅从语意轻重,词义范围大小,感情色彩上是无法察觉的,而要从本义,词源义考释着手。
因此,现代汉语词汇学习是离不开古汉语知识的,在平时我们也要不段充实丰富我们古汉语知识,为学习现代汉语词汇打下基础。
第二,学习理论知识是为了实践的需要,我们不仅要学习现代汉语词汇学知识,还要用合理的方式去运用所学知识。在现代社会我们天天都需要交流,当我们每天说着一大堆的时候就应该反过来想想这个词我为什么就要这么用,他为什么会这么用,怎样说话更符合语境,写作时遣词如何更雅,达,信,显得更有文采。例如在现实生活中,问年龄是很有讲究的,问七八十的老人我们可以用高寿,贵庚,问年轻女孩用芳龄等等,如果我们不懂这些知识,就可能会显得不礼貌,甚至闹笑话。因此我们要学以致用,这样不仅能够帮助巩固我们所学的知识,还能够提高我们的文化修养,更利于人际交往。二.关于对外汉语词汇教学的一些思考
学习语言,词汇是基础,它应当贯穿学习的始终。汉语的词汇体现了语音的结构和变化,组成语句又体现了种种语法关系,学习词汇也连带学了语音和语法。汇教学是对外汉语教学的重要环节,一个留学生的汉语的水平,在很大程度上取决于他掌握词汇量的多少,词汇掌握量的多少还对留学生的汉语表达是否合适、得体有很大的影响。因此,对外汉语教学工作者必须运用各种方法让留学生比较容易地掌握、理解汉语中的词汇,从而更好地习得汉语,顺畅地用汉语进行交流。
在学习了现代汉语词汇学这门课程后,对汉语词汇有了更深刻的认识,我对如何从事对外汉语词汇教学有了几点感想,如下: 1.现代汉语词汇的语音联想教学。
现代汉语同音词有一定的数量,文字改革出版社编《汉语拼音词汇》(增订稿,1963)收词五万九千一百多个,其中同音词五千五百多个,占9.5%, 如以至、以致;启示、启事 ;绘画、会话;娇气、骄气等。在对外汉语的教学过程中, 教师要善于利用同音词的语音联想, 将涉及到的同音词列举出来, 由此及彼, 不断强化, 可以增强学生对同音词的记忆能力和辨别能力, 使学生相互联想。这样既加强了不同词汇的音、义分辨力, 又巩固了所学的单词, 由读音联想到词形、词义, 收到事半功倍的效果。长此以往, 教师可以培养学生对汉语中存在一定数量的同音词的辨析和掌 握,养成随遇随学的学习习惯。
2.汉语词汇的语义联想教学
在汉语教学过程中, 教师不能把某个词当作独立的单位进行教学, 而要适当利用词汇的本质特征, 联系这个词在汉语词汇体系中所处的位置, 进行联想教学。教师在对学生进行词汇语义教学时, 可以利用联想法按照语义的特性进行教学。如教到“美丽”时, 可让学生说出和“美丽”这个词义相近或相同的词, 帮助学生扩大词汇量, 并加强学生对词汇间的微妙词义差别的理解, 起到辨析词义的作用。
3.汉语词汇的用法联想教学
根据汉语词汇不同的语法功能, 将其划分为不同的词类, 不同的词类具有不同的用法。在对外汉语教学过程中, 教师在遇到一些常用动词、名词、形容词时,都应适当介绍其搭配用法, 在学词的同时, 介绍该词的语法使用规则, 不仅使学生理解词的词义, 也可帮学生加深理解词的使用方法。如名词前的修饰语一般用“的”, 动词前的修饰语一般用“地”, 动词后、补语前一般用“得”。又如,“得”作为动词使用时, 可以和“高分”、“第一名”、“病”等结合使用。
总结:从这个学期的词汇学课程中,我收获了很多,老师的丰富阅历也让我们了解了很多关于词汇学的知识,我也会将所学的词汇学知识更好地运用到将来的对外汉语词汇教学中。如果有机会的话,我想我会更加深入的去研究词汇学这门学科。
第四篇:词汇学心得体会
词汇学感想
转眼间,词汇学这门课程,我已学了一学期。回想刚开学时,对这门课充满了抱怨与怀疑。“不就是单词么,有必要开设一门课程吗,我从小学就开始背单词,难道还不会吗?还有什么好学的”我相信很多人开始都抱有这样的想法。但上了两节课之后,我才发现里面别有洞天。首先是老师很幽默,知识渊博,各种搞笑的段子,会让你不知不觉爱上这么课。老师经常会用些重庆方言把单词谐音,这样便于记忆,虽然老师经常说些我们听不懂的东西,但毫无疑问,你会发现,原来英语可以这样学。
从这门课中,我学习到,一个很简单的单词,经过派生,复合,转化,可以演变成成千上万的单词,多么富有魔力的事情。同时也让我看到,自己要学的还很多,要走的路还很长。就拿最近学的单词的缩略来说,以往在平时生活中,其实是经常看到譬如
VIP.OPEC 这样的缩写单词,只是我从来不会想他具体有哪些单词组成,为什么要这样写。而这么课却教我以后在生活中留心观察。又比如 :Like 这个单词,放在以前,他就是一个动词呀,还有什么疑问,现在我才知道,他还可以做名词,形容词等我想,我最大的收获,不是新认识了多少个单词,新知道了多少个词性,最重要的是,我学会了把一个很小很简单的东西深入思考,留心生活,你会发现,英语早已充次于我们的生活当中,把他作为你的生命组成部分,而不仅仅是专业。
第五篇:关于词汇学的学习心得
关于词汇学的学习总结
姓名:张强 学号:111140613 学院:法学院
英语是我们从小学五年级就接触的语言,在初中时便成为一门考试课。直到现在,还一直在学习它。在大学不仅要学英语还要考四六级。由此可见英语是一门很重要的语言。学习英语的方法很多,对于英语的一门分支——词汇学一样。英语词汇的学习方法多种多样。
比起汉语来说,英语是一门好学且简单的语言。有二十六个字母组成英语单词有成千上万个,并且还在不断扩大,这是由于英语广泛从其他语言吸纳词汇。这些词的主要来源有汉语、拉丁语、法语等。英语词汇学习不同的人有不同的方法。
词汇学是一门独特的学科,无论哪种语言都是由词汇构成的,词汇学是其他语言的学科的基础。因此词汇学显得相当重要,就如小学一年级时学汉字一样。词汇学是基础,只有基础学好拉才能把语言学好。就如一栋大楼没有基脚,就不可能建一座高楼大厦,这是做任何事必须遵循的原则。因此词汇是学英语的基础,这种基础性作用体现在词汇扩充上、语义理解等上。
对于我来说,语言学习是一个长期的过程,就是母语也是一样的,每个人从娃娃是开始就开始学习。学语言就是一个长期的过程,从上小学、甚至是幼儿园时代就开始了学习。十几二十年每时每刻与母语打交道,因此母语学的很好。因此英语学习是一个长期的过程。
英语词汇的学习我从初中开始就开始啦,对于词汇我和学汉语词汇一样,开始也是死记硬背直到现在也还是一样。每天的早自习都是记单词的,但是必须是借助于笔才能记得深刻。除了这种笨的办法外还有很多其他的办法。
一、理解记忆法:
在英语词汇学习中这种方法是最有效的,我从能理解开始,在英语单词及以上都是通过理解记忆,这是我用的最多的方法。中国人学英语时都在背单词的汉语意思,因此大家反而觉得 “背汉字”没有什么好奇怪的。其实仔细想一想,这个行为真的很奇怪,奇怪的根源不在于行为本身,而在于中国人普遍不会直接识别英语单词的意思,因而只好靠汉语符号来机械地帮助记忆英语单词的意思,这样去学英语不仅多此一举,而且必然会陷入苦海无边的符号记忆灾难中。这就是单词的死记硬背。
其实英语单词和汉字一样,存在着很多的“偏旁部首”,知道了偏旁部首你就可以根据它们直接来猜测单词的意思,虽不说百分之百猜准,但起码可以猜测个大概,至少在别人告诉过你单词的意思后你可以恍然大悟地领会它,这样就可以大大增强你对英语单词“见字识意”的能力,做到真正认识一个单词,而把它的汉语意思仅做为一般见解。
比如单词representative,我是这么理解这个单词为什么是“代表”的意思的。re是英语里的一个偏旁部首,就如汉字部首一样,它是“回来”的意思,如recover是“恢复”的意思。pre也是一个偏旁部首,是“向前”的意思;sent是“发出去、派出去”的意思;a仅是偏旁部首之间的一个“连接件”,没有实际意思,但也可以理解为“一”; tive是 “人”的意思。那么这几个偏旁部首连在一起是什么意思呢?re-pre-sent-a-tive,就是“回来-向前-派出去-一-的人”,即“回来征求大家的意见后又被派出去替大家讲话的一个人”,这不就是“代表”的意思吗!这么去认识一个单词才是真正“认识”了这个单词,不仅能拼写还能知道意思。这是理解记忆的一种方法,单纯从单词入手,而另一种则是文章上下文理解记忆。
对于大多数学生或者是教师都比较喜欢上下文理解记忆。纯单词理解记忆需要记住大量的前缀后缀——也就是词缀。本来就多的词缀就可以让我们的大脑爆炸。更何况是要理解这些要理解记忆的词汇,一旦记不住就无法理解这个单词。不仅如此还浪费时间细思慢想,没有效率,特别表现在考试当中。但上下文理解记忆就快的多了。
如the difference is that western-style decision-making proceeds mostly from top management and often don’t consult middle management or the worker while in Japan ,idea often can be created at the lowest levels ,travel upward thought an organization.在这段话中,consult是一个新词靠单词理解记忆是不好的方式,但是通过理解上下文就好多啦,不尽快而且理解最确。大体意思是“这种不同在于,西方做决定的模式大多是从高层,经常不 中间领导者和工作者,然而在日本想法常常是从底层产生,经过组织达到高层。”通过理解段落可以猜出词义大概是“询问”的意思,而和“咨询”的意思差不多。
二、联想记忆法:
除了理解记忆外还可以联想记忆,这就要求头脑活跃反应灵敏。遇到一个单词要能想到其他的单词,一是靠汉语词义来联想,二是通过次的相似性来联想。三是反义联想。联想记忆可以加深一类词的记忆,对于复习是最有效的。对于联想我个人比较擅长。
比如看到reliable 可靠的、确实的、可信赖的。当看到这个词既可以联想同义词:dependable(可靠的、可信赖的),stable(可靠的、可信赖的、坚固的),steadfast(坚贞的,不动摇的),trustworthy(值得信赖的、可靠的)。联想到反义词:unreliable(不可靠的,不可信的),slippery(不稳定的)。此行转换为rely(v.依靠、依赖),reliance(依靠、信赖、信心、依赖)。由这么一个词就可以联想到很多个单词,这就是联想。
联想不仅可以使单词而且可以成句,当把单词联想不断扩大范围,增加词义,就可以不断引出新词来,虽然要查阅,但对增加词汇量有很大的帮助。因此我比较喜欢用它,当我要复习时,在词汇这块我喜欢用联想法来复习。
虽然我只举了两个列子,但是我有很多具体方法。语言是交际的工具,词汇是语言的建筑材料,要想学习好语言,必须记忆和掌握更多的词汇,在英语学习中,背单词是最枯燥的,尤其是对初学者来说,不能寻求其规律,靠机械地重复一个单词的字母,死记硬背,事倍功半。即便记住了,也不会持久,学得快,忘得快。那麽怎样才能有效,快速地扩大词汇量,并且记住,会写呢?必须做到:眼观字型,口读其字,耳辩其音,手拼其词,心想其意,口中念念有词。
这几句 话体现了运动记忆的各个方面,所谓运动记忆是指听,说,读,写,想。单一的视觉记忆或听觉记忆是不可能完成这一任务的,英语单词是由26个字母进行不同的组合构成的,每个单词都有各自的音,型,义。所以我们要通过研究各个单词的音,形,义,靠我们的眼,口,耳,脑,手去把它们记住。每种语言的词汇的构成都有一定的规律可寻,规律有定理规律和非定理规律,在英语方面,定理规律指读音规则和构词法。非定理规律指学习者在学习中自己找到的行之有效的记忆方法,构词法是记忆单词和扩大词汇量的重要方面,通过观察单词的形状特征识别单词的词性,如:形容词后可加-en 而变成动词,sharp--sharpen,short---shorten,wide---widen ,还可以观察单词的词干,前缀,后缀可以猜出单词的词义,如:词头un ,in, non , dis 都表示“不”“ 无”,“非”等意思.unimportant,不重要的,invisible看不见的,nonnatural非天然的,词尾--er ,or ,表是人物,writer 作家,actor 男演员,也可以通过学习一个词干,派生出许多新词。如:act ,行动,派生出acting,表演,action行为,active主动的,activity活动,actor男演员,actress女演员,activism能动主义,actually实际上等,这一些都属于定理规律中的:构词法派生记忆。这些具体方法可总结为:同义词记忆法、联想记忆法、直观记忆法、同音异形词归纳记忆法、一词多译归纳法、词类转换记忆法,电视广告、新闻报道、方言、口语记忆法,谜语记忆法、成语记忆法、音形直译法、谚语记忆、分析记忆法、反义记忆法、趣味记忆法。
总之,记忆单词的方法很多,老师指导学生要善于挖掘,以便能更合理,更科学,更简单地记忆单词,不管是什么方法,只要对自己有效就是好方法,记单词最好放在整句,整篇课文里记,这样不仅解决了拼的问题,而且提供了使用的方法,字不离句,句不离章。最后我们还要回到前面归纳的方法中,有了这麽多方法,还要:多读,多说,甚至多背,这样才能巩固所学的单词,减少遗忘。