代词小结

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第一篇:代词小结

It用法小结

It用法小结

it在英语语法中属人称代词,意思是“它”,用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单,而且很复杂。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。

一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可做主语,也可以作宾语。

1.指动物和植物。如:

—Oh,that's Lucy's hat.噢,那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat!它看上去像只猫!

Where's tea grown?It's grown in the southeast of China.

什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶。

2.指代一些无生命的东西。如:

Is it your watch?这是你的手表吗?

Look at the rain!It's heavy,isn't it?看这雨!雨很大,对吗?

3.代替上文提到过的整个事情。如:

Well,you mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了!

It was hard work,but they really enjoyed it.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去干(它)。

二、用于指代人。

1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。如:

—Who was it?是谁(打来的电话)?

—Was it Susan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?

—Yes,it was.是的,我是。(根据上下句,“it was”也可不译出来。)再如:—Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?

—It's me.是我。

2.指说话者心目中的那个人。如:

—Is it your sister,Kate?(那旧照片上的 baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?

—No!不是。

—Is it your brother?是你哥哥吧?

—No!不是。

—I know—it's you!我知道了,(那)是你。

3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时,也可用it来指人。如

The child smiled when it saw its mother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。

I don't know who it is.我不知道他是谁。

注意:看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时,要想一想,不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。)4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人。如:

—Who's that?那人是谁?

—Is it Kate?是凯特吗?

—Yes,I think you're right.It's Kate.是的,我想你说对了,是凯特。

三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。1.表示时间。如:

—What time is it?几点钟?

—It's ten.十点钟。

It's summer in Australia now.现在澳大利亚是夏天。

特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中:

(1)It's time(for sb.)to do sth./It's time for sth.译为“是(某人)该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如: It's time for supper/to have supper.是吃晚饭的时候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now.我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。

(2)It is /has been +时间段+since +一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……(时间)”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如:

It has been two weeks since we met last.= Two weeks has passed since we met last.自从我们上次相遇以来,两个星期过去了。

It's three years since he came here.=It has been three years since he came here.=He has been here for three years.他到这里已经三年了。

2.表示距离。如:

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。

—Where's the farm,Li Lei?Is it far?李雷,农场在哪里?远吗?

—No,it's quite near.不,(距)离这很近。

3.表示自然现象。如:

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white.有时下雪,大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment.眼下这儿很安静。

四、用作形式主语。

英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头,it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应,以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法,这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。

1.It+is/was+形容词+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等则用of。如:

It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。

It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。

注意:这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词;连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。如:

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early.早睡早起是好习惯。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。

It feels strange to have a twin sister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。

2.It +will be/is /was +形容词+动名词短语。如:

It's bad playing in the street.在街上玩是没好处的。

Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗?

3.It+is/was+形容词+从句。如:

It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students.他真的可能落后于其他同学。

It is strange that he should say so.他居然这么说,真是奇怪。

4.It +is /was +one's turn(duty,pleasure)+to do sth.意为“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)”。如:

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。

5.It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花……时间做某事”。如

It took me a week to finish reading the book.我花了一周时间看完这本书。

6.It +cost/costs +sb.+some money +to do sth.译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如:

It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch.我买这块新手表花了260元。

7.It seems /seemed +从句。译为“看起来好像……”,此结构可以转换成“seem +动词不定式”形式。如:

It seems that he is ill.=He seems to be ill.看起来他好像病了。[原题再现] ①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It ② In fact_______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.this B.that C.there D.it 答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式宾语。

当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免句子头重脚轻,须将其放在宾语补足语之后,改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式/动名词/从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充如: He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。

We think it no good reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting.我认为开这个会是必要的。

[原题再现]

Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as granted

B.take this for granted C.take that for granted

D.take it for granted

六.构成强调句。如: It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨,就是在街上我看见李明。

[原题再现] ________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when 七.构成特殊句式。如:

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【练习】

(1)There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He(高考,1980)

(2)Is_necessary to tell his father everything? A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)

(3)Is_possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.now B.man C.that D.it

(4)I consider____ my duty to help you.

A.it B.this C.that D.its

(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as 答案:(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B

(6).I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004全国I)

A.this B.that C.it D.one(7).-Do you like ___ here?

-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.(2004全国II)

A.this B.these C.that D.it

(8)The Parkers bought a new house but __ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which

(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them

(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one 答案:C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别

it, one和that虽然都可以用来替代前面所提到的一个单数名词,以避免重复,但在具体用法上却有不同。简述如下: 1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。

[原题再现]

The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______? A.did they B.didn't they C.did it D.didn't it 答案: D

2.one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。

[原题再现]

-Why don't we have a little break?-Didn't we just have________? A.it B.that C.one D.this

3.that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。

[原题再现]

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those 高考“it”的用法英语题

历届高考英语单项选择题精选

(一)“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?(88)

A.that

B.while

C.in which

D.then

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?(89)A.this

B.that

C.it

D.he

3.I don’t think _____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.(91)

A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(91)A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.(92)

A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then

6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.(93)A.that

B.this

C.one

D.it

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.(94)A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(95)A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.(97)

A.until

B.that

C.then

D.so

10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.(98)A.it

B.that

C.these D.them

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.(2000)

A.one

B.that

C.what

D.it

KEYS:

1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11 B

第二篇:代词 用法小结

代词

人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,疑问代词,不定代词 一.人称代词: 单数 主格 复数 宾格

I 主格

宾格

第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 me we us you you you you it/she/he it/her/him

they them 1.主格作主语,宾格作表语或动词或介词的宾语.He teaches _____(we)Chinese./ I’m waiting for you.(介词的宾语)/ It’s me.(宾格做表语)2.三种人称代词并列充当主语时时,顺序为:

单数:(二,三,一)——(You, she and I)复数:(一,二,三)——(we , you and they)注::若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)eg: She and I have been to Beijing.(一般情况)Who broke the window ? I and Mike.(承担责任)

注:it 还有一些特别的用法。

1)用在句型: “It seems that …”中.“看起来像。….”

2)用作形式主语,常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.“做什么事情怎么样”.3)用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.“轮到某人做sth”

4)用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.“到了该做sth的时候” 5)用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.6)用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式.主语+make /think /feel/find + it + adj(名词)+ to do sth.I find it difficult to remember these works.二.物主代词:物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 第一人称 物主代词 形容词性 第二人称 单数

第三人称

单数

复数

单数

复数 复数

my our your your its/his/her ours yours

yours

their 名词性 mine its/his/hers theirs

1、形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用.eg: My name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词)

2、名词性物主代词,后面不能加名词,名词性物主代词常与of 连用

He is a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)eg:Our classroom is as big as ______(they)./ This is a friend of ______(my).注: 1)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+ 名词(上题中mine=my friends)2)形容词性物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.My own house = a house of my own 三.反身代词:“某某自己;亲自” 单数 复数

myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself/herself/itself themselves 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称

记忆小窍门: 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f 替.反身代词的常用搭配:

enjoy oneself过得愉快 hurt oneself受伤 teach oneself = learn..by oneslf自学 help oneself to …随便吃/用 look after oneself leave sb by oneself 让某人独自留下 dress oneself某人自己穿衣服 improve oneself提高某人自己 四.指示代词 单数 复数 this that these those

1、指示代词的用法:(1)this /these

①指较近的事和人: This is my pen./ These are my books.②指下文提到的事eg:Please remember this:No pains,no gains.(2)that /those ①指较远的事和人: That is her sister./ Those are her sisters.②指上面刚提到的事情eg:He was ill.That’s why he didn’t go to school.2.注意 that / those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复.That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.Those 代替复数名词.The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai.The books in that shop are cheaper than ___in this shop.A.this B.that C.one D.those 3.在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.eg:This is Tom speaking.我是汤姆 Who is that ?你是谁?

五、疑问代词:(P93考点五)用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词,通常位于句首,引出特殊疑问句。

如:who 作主语,表语,宾语但不能放介词后Who wants to go with me? whom who的宾格形式,作宾语To whom are you talking? whose who的所有格形式,作定语Whose wallet is this? 这是谁的钱包? what 可询问职业What’s your father? He is a teacher.who 可询问身份和姓名Who is the boy in red? He is Jim.what 指不定数目中的那一个。“什么,哪一些,”无范围What would you like? which “ 哪一个”指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which bike is yours? 哪辆自行车是你的 六.不定代词的区别.1.one与it 的区别: One 代替同类事物中的一种.而it代替上文中出现的某事物.This book is a good one.May I borrow it ? 2.some与any 的区别

①一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句, He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any.②但在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could, would开头或what about /how about 的句中。May I have some water ?(希望得到肯定的回答)3.many与much的区别

Many+可数名词的复数 ;Much+不可数名词,都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词 注:a lot of 常不用于否定句中.否定句中用many /much.4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别 表否定(几乎没有)表肯定(有一点)修饰可数名词 few a few 修饰不可数名词 little a little 例题:His story is easy to read,there are _____ new words in it.Hurry up!There is _____ time left.5.each / every 的区别

★each 强调个体,表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street./ ____ student has read a story.★:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.Each of us _______(study)hard.6.no one 与none 的区别

no one 指人,表示没有人, 不能与of 连用,谓语常用单数。

none of +复数名词/ 代词,作主语时,既指人又可指物,谓语常用单数。.The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest..7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别 都 都不 两者之间 任何一个

both neither either

any 三者或三者以上 all none There are many trees on ____ side of the river.A.both B.any C.either D.all 注意:

1).both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数; neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.Neither of the answers ______(be)right.Both of my parents _______(be)workers.3).词组

A)both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数.同义词组: not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.B)either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.Neither you nor he ______(be)right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park.= _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.C)either 也可用于否定句中的 “也” He doesn’t like the book,either.4)how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.Who 的回答:用no one 回答.; What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.Who can answer the question ? _______.A.None B.No one C.Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别 单数 泛指 复数

another三者或三者上的另一个 others=other+名词复数

(别的人或物,但不是全部)特指 one...the other 一个……另一个 the others=the other+名词复数(其余所有的人或物)注释: 1)one …the other …表示两者之间的一个…另一个…… 2)some… others… 表示一些…… 另一些……

3)another 表示三者及三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个.只能修饰可数名词的单数.★ another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词

表示 “ 另外几个……”another ten teachers=ten more teachers I have two brothers , one is a teacher , ______ is a worker.Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window 9.复合不定代词.some thing any no every something anything nothing everything one someone body anyone no one everyone anybody nobody everybody somebody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.eg;Everything is ready.2.形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else须放在复合不定代词后。: I want to give you something different to eat../ something else(其它的东西)

3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.Would you like something to eat? 4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,1)指人的不定代词, everybody,nobody,anyone, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they.Everybody is here,aren’t they?

2)指物的不定代词, everything ,something,nothing等 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it.Everything ______(begin)to grow in spring , _______ _______ ? 5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人” everyone 指每个,人人,大家 不与of 连用 every one 指每个人、物

可与of 连用

6.Every one of us has seen the film.Everyone should do their best.

第三篇:代词it基本用法小结

代词it基本用法小结

人称代词it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个从句或一个句子,以避免它们在句中的重复。这时它可以指提到过的,也可以指未提到过的,在句中作主语或宾语。

(1)替代刚提到过的同一事物

This is our new car.I bought it yesterday.这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。(2)指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿

Where is the cat? It’s under the bed.猫在哪?它在床下面。The baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。(3)在情景中确认某人或事物

Who is it? It’s me.是谁?(问敲门人)是我呀。

Who’s it over there? It’s the milkman.那边那人是谁?那是送牛奶的 What’s this? It’s a map.这是什么?这是张地图。(4)指代前句或后句所述的情况

He smokes in bed and I don’t like it.他在床上抽烟,我不喜欢他这样。

When the factory closes, it will mean 500 workers will be out of work.工厂一旦关闭, 那就意味着要有500工人失业。

It would be ideal if you could join us.如果你能和我们合作,则太好了。(5)指时间、距离、天气或环境等

What time is it? It’s seven o’clock.几点了?7点。

It’s time for supper.=It’s time to have supper.是该吃晚饭的时候了。

It’s about 50 kilometers from here to my home.从这儿到我家约有五十公里。It is snowing.正在下雪

It was very quiet in the garden.公园里很寂静。(6)用于笼统地谈论某种情况 I cannot help it.我也没办法。(7)指最好的或最渴望得到事物

He thinks he’s it.他一直以为自己是最佳人选。That steak was really it!那牛排真是不错!

We’ve been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.我们找房子已经找了好几个月了, 我看这所就是我们要找的。it用作形式主语特殊句式小归纳

it用作形式主语有不少非常有用的句式,比如以下一些就值得注意: 1.用于it seems(appears)that…句式。如:

It seems that he knows everything.他好像什么都知道。It appears that we may be mistaken.看来我们可能弄错了。但是,英语一般不说it looks that…,可改用it looks as if…。如: It looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。2.用于it happens(occurs)that…句式。如:

It happened that I was standing next to him when he collapsed.他倒下的时候我恰巧站在他旁边。

It didn’t occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。3.用于it follows that…句式。如:

He is wrong, but it does not follow thatyou are right.他错了,但并不能由此推断你是对的。She’s not in the office but it doesn’t necessarily follow that she’s ill.她不在办公室, 并不见得就是病了。

哪些从句作主语时可用it作形式主语

原则上说,it用作形式主语可以代替下列从句: 1.that从句

It is quite clear that he has read the book.很显然,他读过这本书。(HM)2.what从句

It doesn’t matter what he says.他说什么没关系。(HM)It was clear enough what he meant.他的意思是很明显的。3.who从句

It hasn’t been decided who will be sent to work there.还没决定将派谁到那里工作。4.how从句

It struck her how gentle he was being.她深深感到他多么温存。5.when从句

It hasn’t been made clear when the conference is to take place.会议什么时候召开还没有宣布。

6.where从句

It’s not known where she went.她到哪里去了没人知道。It did not matter much where he lived.他在哪里住都没有关系。7.why从句

It was clear why he had asked for a conference.他为什么要求召开会议原因很清楚。8.whether从句

It makes little difference whether we go or stay.我们去还是留没有多大差别。It’s not yet settled whether I am going to America.我去不去美国还没定。

it用作形式主语代替动名词主要用于哪些句式

it用作形式主语代替动名词的用法主要见于以下句式:

1.It is no use(no good, fun, great fun, a new experience, a great honour, etc)doing sth。如: It is no good talking.空谈是没有用的。It’s fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。It’s great fun sailing a boat.扬帆驾舟十分有趣。

It’s no use shouting at him—he’s deaf.向他叫喊是没有用的——他耳聋。It has been a great honour your coming to visit us.你来看望我们是极大荣幸。2.It is good(nice, useless, interesting, pleasant, tiring, etc)doing sth。如: It is useless speaking.光说没有用。

It was pleasant sitting there.坐在那里很愉快。

It’s so nice sitting here with you.和你坐在一起真是愉快。It’s good hearing English spoken.听到人讲英语,我很高兴。

It’s terribly tiring working late like this.这样干到深夜是非常累人的。3.it is worth while doing sth。如:

It’s worth while doing the work.这项工作值得做。

Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? 你认为和我吵值得吗? 4.其他句式。如:

It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪费一点钱没有关系。

It felt funny being dressed like a peasant girl.打扮成村姑感到有点怪怪的。What’s it like being married? 结婚是什么味道。

含it的9个常用特殊句型

1.It doesn’t matter…

It doesn’t matter what he says.他说什么都没关系。2.It appears/ seems/ happens/says that…

It seems that he is always correct.他好像总是对的。

It happened that I had no money with me.碰巧我当时没有带钱。3.It is said/ reported/ believed/ understood that… It is said that he has joined the Party.据说他已经入党了。4.It is a waste of time /money doing sth.It’s a waste of time your talking to him.你和他谈是浪费时间。5.(It is)no wonder(that)…

It’s no wonder he is not hungry;he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。

6.It makes no/mush difference…

It’s doesn’t make much difference my being there.我在不在那儿没有什么影响。7.it takes sb.some time to do sth.It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem.花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题.8.It’s one’s turn to do sth.It’s my turn to clean the classroom.是轮到我打扫教室的了。9.If it were not for…

If it were not for your help, I would still be homeless.若不是你帮忙,我现在还是无家可归。

第四篇:指示代词用法小结

指示代词用法小结

指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。

指示代词的分类

指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

单数

复数

限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.代词: This is Mary.Those are my teachers.指示代词的句法功能

指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。

1、作主语

This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。

2、作宾语

I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。

3、作介词宾语

I don't say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。

4、作表语

My point is this.我的观点就是如此。

5、作定语

This room is mine.这间房间是我的。

指示代词的用法

1、this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如:

This is a pen and that’s an eraser.这是一支笔,那是块橡皮擦。

This is a boy and those are girls.这是个男孩,那些是女孩。

2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如: I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。

3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如:

I found this wallet.I found this.我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。(this 等于 this wallet)Is she going to marry that man? 她打算跟那人结婚吗?(that man不得用that代替,否则有轻蔑之意)

4、相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可。如: What are these? 那些是什么?(指物)

This is Bill.Is that George? 我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语)(指人)

5、打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”,不用代词I;询问对方时用that指代“你”,不用代词you。例如:

----Hello.This is Mary.Who’s that? 喂,我是玛丽。你是谁?

----This is Tom.我是汤姆。

6、当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如: This(suit)is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵,不是吗?

“Are those yours?” “Yes, they are.” “那些是你的吗?”“是的,它们是我的。”

注意事项

1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:

(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

(对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错)He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)

(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词,也可以用it或者they;但指事物时,只能用it或者they。例如: Who’s that? That’s/It’s Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华。

What are those? They are basketballs.那些是什么?那些是篮球。

4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语中都用it或they。例如:

Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.Are those your friends? No, they aren’t.5、为避免重复,有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如:

She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her.她很友善,这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。You needn’t do this — It’s pretty easy.你不必做这事,那相当容易。

6、向别人介绍某个人时,要说“ This is ….”,而不说“ That is ….”,也不能说“ He is ….”或“ She is ….”。介绍两个人时,先用“ This is ….”介绍一个人,然后用“ That is ….”介绍另一个人。如:

This is Li Ming.Li Ming,this is Wei Hua.这是李明。李明,这是魏华。This is my brother and that is my sister.这是我哥哥,那是我妹妹。

7、one,that 和it的区别:

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat.I don' t know where I put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

第五篇:人称代词[范文模版]

人称代词

一、人称代词的宾格有:me(我)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、you(你、你们)、them(他们、她们、它们)。

二、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。例:1.Listen to me,Dad.2.Peter is sitting behind me.3.Let me got here now.4.Give me an orange,please.三、you既是“你“或“你们“的主格,又是它们的宾格;her既是“她“的所有格,又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。

四、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思,但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语,也可以是人称代词的宾格,而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。

如:You and I are going to school.You are going to school with me.五、人称代词的主格和宾格

单数形式:I-me,you-you,he-him,she-her,it-it(共5对)复数形式:we-us,you-you,they-them(共3对)

六、人称代词在句中的作用

1)主格作主语。如:

I am Chinese.我是中国人。

2)宾格作宾语,放在及物动词或介词之后,有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如:

①I don‘t know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语)

②What‘s wrong with it?它怎么了?(介词宾语)

③-Open the door,please.It‘s me.请开门,是我。(表语)

七、人称代词并列用法的排列顺序

1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称->第三人称->第一人称

即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I

2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称->第二人称->第三人称

即:we and you;you and they;we,you and they

为帮助同学们理解和掌握英语人称代词,请记住下面的口诀:人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。

你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。

谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟,口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。

人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见,二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚,若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。

你问的题目还牵涉到物主代词的问题:

用来表示某人或某物属于“谁的“的代词叫做物主代词。形容词性物主代词有:my(我的),your(你的、你们的),our(我们的),his(他的),her(她的),its(它的),their(他们 的)。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,常放在名词前面作定语,表明该名词所表示的人或物是“谁的“。

1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句中只能用作定语,后面必须跟名词。例如:

Is that your bike? 那是你的自行车吗?

2.如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不能再用冠词

(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等修饰词了。例如:

这是他的书桌。

误:This is his a desk.正:This is his desk.3.与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如:his English books他的英语书,their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友。

4.汉语中经常会出现“我妈妈“,“你们老师“等这样的语言现象,虽然代词用的是“我“、“你们“,但实际意义仍是“我的“、“你们的“,所以在英译时,注意要用形容词性物主代词“my“,“your“。例如:

你妈妈在家吗?

误:Is you mother at home?

正:Is your mother at home?

5.it‘s与its读音相同,he‘s与his读音相似,但使用时需注意它们的区别(it‘s和he‘s

一、人称代词的概念及形式 表示我/我们,你/你们,他/她/它(们)的词叫做人称代词。人称代词用来指代人、动植物及无生命的物体。根据它们在句中的作用,可分为主格和宾格两种形式。人称代词主格有:I, you,he, she, it, we, you, they;宾格有:me, you,him, her, it, us, you, them。由此可见,you和it的主格和宾格形式相同。

二、人称代词的用法 1.人称代词作主语时用主格,在陈述句中放在谓语动词之前。例如: You are a good student.你是一个好学生。2.人称代词宾格用作宾语,置于动词或介词之后,构成动宾或介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语。例

如: Let me help you.让我帮助你。(动宾)-Who is it? 谁呀?-Its me.是我。(表语)

三、使用人称代词时应注意的几点 1.单数人称代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数人称代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: She is over there.她在那边。They are under the tree.他们在树下。2.两个或两个以上的人称代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例

如: You, he and I are all Young Pioneers.你、我、他都是少先队员。3.两个或两个以上的人称代词并列使用时,一般的排列顺序是: 单数按二、三、一的顺序。例

如: You,she and I are right.你、我和她是对的。注:第三人称单数he, she或表示男女的姓名并列时,一般遵循男先女后的习惯。例如: He and she are in the same class.他和她在同一个班级。复数按一、二、三的顺序。例

如: We, you and they are good friends.我们,你们和他们是好朋友。但如果表示承认错误或承担责任时,英语习惯上把I放在最前面。例如: I and he are wrong.我和他都错了。4.能者多劳,这一家人中的第三人称单数代词it,he和she还有特殊的使命呢!你瞧: ① it可指代时间、天气、气候、距离等,还可指代上文提到的人或事物。例如: Its half past ten.十点半。(时间)It is fine today.今天是晴天。(天

气)There is a book on the desk.It is Wang Taos.书桌上有本书。它是王涛的。(指上文提到的事物)② 用she来代表国家、小动物、太阳、月亮等以表示亲切和爱抚。有时也可以用he。例

如: We love China very much.She is very beautiful.我们非常爱中国。她非常美丽!

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