初中定语从句教学文档

第一篇：初中定语从句教学文档

各位老师大家好，很高兴能有这么一个机会和大家交流和探讨英语教学上的心得和体会。希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见。今天我和大家分享两个方面的问题。第一：教师如何转变自身的角色的问题;第二是：如何激活英语课堂。

《英语课程标准》提出学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。英语课程在目标设定、教学过程、课程评价和教学资源的开发等方面都突出以学生为主体的思想。课程实施应成为学生在教师指导下构建知识、提高技能、磨砺意志、活跃思维、展现个性、发展心智和拓展视野的过程。教师应在教学过程中有意识的加以适当的引导，激发学生对于掌握一门外语的迫切需要性，引发他们学习的积极性和主动性，充分发挥学生在课堂上的主体作用。一堂成功的课，应该让学生自始至终掌握主动权，教师只是充当“组织者” “促进者、”“合作者、”“咨询者、”“参与者、”“引导者、”“顾问”等多种角色，最大限度地给学生提供参与的机会，学生的主体性得到了体现，自然就产生了求知和探究的欲望，也就把学习当作一件乐事。那么在以“学生为中心”的教学中教师应该扮演一个什么样的角色呢？我认为教师扮演的是导演的角色，而学生就是演员的角色，就像张艺谋与巩莉的关系一样。试想如果把巩莉与张艺谋的角色对调，那应是什么样的结果，当然就不会有那么多优秀的影片的出现。而在平时的教学中会不会是这样本末倒置呢？

（一）在课上老师讲的太多。

如：在讲述What’s your name？这样一个句型时，老师首先问一个学生，然后那个学生回答My name is____。然后一个接一个的问What’s your name？My name is____。然后问学生说，听明白了吗？学生齐声说Yes！然后又对另一排说：How old are you？I’m____year old。还是一个一个的问，然后又接着问Do you understand？学生异口同声说yes！可是大家想一想，在课上的大部分时间都是老师“脱口秀”？而学生更象是观众，这样下来我们的口语得到很大提升而学生们真正练的机会却是少得可怜，这是不是没有把学生放在中心的位置啊！虽然在教案中也体现了以学生为中心，但是真正操作起来又有几个能做的到位呢？

（二）、老师“控制”着学生不让他们讲话

我们有一个误解，只要学生们安安静静的在那听课那就算是一节好课，No！要知道，学生学习知识的20%是来源于智力因素，而80%是来源于与同学们的互助，换句话说：学生在我们老师这学到的还不如他们从同伴那学到的多。国外有人做过这样一个研究：把两个平行班，一个班按传统的讲授方式，另一个班进行互动式的活动课教学。一个学期下来，一检测有互动的班级学生智力普遍高于另一个班级，这足以说明没有互动和活动的课堂是缺乏思维活力的课堂，像这样的课堂终会被时代所淘汰。

（三）、老师忽略了学生的情感

在北京海淀区有关专家做了这样一个调查，从小学一年级到高中，采用问卷的方式调查学生对英语的喜欢率。专家们奇怪的发现：一年级有96%的孩子喜欢英语；二年级94%，六年级50%；初中30%；高中5%—10%。这个调查结果是值得我们反思的。如果我们把学生教的大部分都不喜欢，我们这一科了。是不是该思考一下我们的教学思想和教学方式改更新换代了呢？前两天我听了这样一节公开课，那老师既年轻又漂亮，一进教室，学生们就眼前一亮。她开口说“Today we will have a special lesson ；We’ll have birthday party。学生们都瞪起眼来了。她提问了一个学生，When is your birthday？学生回答My_______。然后老师说Good！Sit down。之后就转身在黑板上写A birthday part，而把学生们都亮在了那里，用后脑勺对着学生，可这时候学生们都等着有什么特殊的party了，她却说We’ll learn lesson7。When is your birthday？结果学生们头一下子就低下来了。就听有一个学生悄悄地说，还以为有什么新花样呢？原来还是那样。其实为什么学生不喜欢我们的课，是咱们老师太在意自己了。我们站在学生的角度考虑过吗？咱们知道我们的学生在想些什么吗？咱们知道他们喜欢什么吗？我们不了解学生，而我们又放不下老师的架子。怎么让我们的学生喜欢我们，从而喜欢英语呢？往往我们会听到有些老师说：“今天班上某某人要是不来就好了”可是学生呢却希望那个老师生病该多好啊。那么不能不说我们我们的教学很失败，我们应该多了解我们的学生，应该考虑他们这个年龄喜欢什么，简言之，知己知彼，方能百战不贻。

（四）、中国传统教育思想的问题。

亲爱的老师们咱们先做个实验，各位老师你们看到了什么（拿一张白纸，上面有一个黑点），各位老师，这么大的一张纸咱们没看到，这么一个黑点咱们倒是看到了。学生有许多的优点咱们没有发现，就一个缺点咱们却看到了。这个实验足以说明一切。平时和同事们聊天的时候总是听到这样的话：“我们班的学生就是不爱回答问题，唉！真是让人头疼。”为了找到愿意我就去听课了，那天讲的是食物。有这样一句话，What’ your favourite food？老师说Who can？有一个学生举起了手。老师非常高兴就让那学生读这句话。学生读的是What’s your favourit foot？老师马上说No，No，What’s your favourit food？学生说foot，不对food。学生说foot，老师又说不对不对是food，学生说老师我不会。，我讲到这有些老师笑了，看来大家都知道了，这位老师班上为什么没有愿意回答问题了，相反在国外老师同样的一个问题，他们都是给予肯定，并激励学生，所以下次老师说Who want to try?,那个回答问题的学生第一个举手.可想而然这激励和常识的效果有多有效。

还有各位老师你觉得自己的英语口语还不错的请举手。很好那么认为老师的英语好学生的英语才能好的请举手，换一下认为学生的英语好，那么老师的英语一定好的请举手。那么你认为cctv10希望英语上的那些选手们他们的英语比你怎么样，所以老师英语好而且能激励他的学生才能把英语教的比自己还好，各位认同吗？反以说激励重要不重要。No，非常重要。

（五）、只要教材里有的就一定要讲吗？

不一定。新课标规定教师可以对教材根据学生情况进行删减或补充，也就是说怎样设计一节课，老师是有自由按照自己的认识对教材进行灵活的运用。我个人认为教材就是语言训练的材料，是教学活动中的一个工具，教师可以自由而灵活运用这个工具，打一个比方，教材就像一个超市，教师想要什么要以到超市中去拿而不是把整个超市都买下来。新的课程标准孕育了新的教材，新教材之“新”不仅体现在它的内容上，新的课程标准孕育了新的教材，新教材之“新”不仅体现在它的内容上，更体现在它的功能上。新教材不是让学生在头脑中复制教科书所呈现的一切，而是凭借它激活学生的思维。因此新的课程要求教师树立一种新的教材观，摈弃那种“教教科书”的课程，变学会“ 用教科书教”。这对教师如何处理教材提出了新的要求，一方面教师要充分理解教材所阐发的道理，所讲述的知识，将教材同化为自己的智能，另一方面在实际驾驭课程和教学中，在具体的教学情景中不断开发与教材不同的教材目标，教学内容与资源，获的教材规定以外的教学效果。基于以上理论，我以学生发展为本的教学理念出发，依据冀教版教材，在具体教学环境下，对新课程内容进行了适合于学生学习，有利于学生发展的增删和重组，创造的使用了教材，受到了很好的教学效果。

通过上面我个问题的探讨大家应该能到达成一个共识就是外语学习的首要任务是“学”而不是“教”。科德（Corder,1981）曾经说过，有效的语言教学不应违背自然过程，而应适应自然过程；不应阻碍学习，而应有助于学习并促进学习；不能令学生去适应教师和教材，而应让教师和教材去适应学生。作为外语教师，我们知道，英语不同于其他基础学科，它是一门实践课，其语言技能是需要通过学生个人的时间才能培养和提高的。因此，他的教学效果在很大程度上取决于学生的主观能动性和参与性。认知理论认为，英语学习的过程也就是新旧语言知识不断结合的过程，也是语言能力从理论知识转化为自动应用的过程。而这种结合和转化都必须通过学生自身活动才能得以实现。

第二部分结合教学案例一谈教案设计中的课堂评价环节。

在这一部分我想谈一谈教案设计中的小结式课堂检测。教师想要了解，在课堂中学生是否真中的掌握了该学的知识和技能，掌握的程度怎么样就需要进行课堂检测。检测是很灵活多样的，可以在每次课快结束时，也可以在课堂训练中，可以是随机的，也可以是集体的，可以是学生互检，也可以是教师提问。总之，教师要和学生形成一种互动。有很多老师经常会这样问学生：“会了吗？懂了吗？”学生们都会说会了，懂了。但实际上各位什么叫“会”，会是有标准的。现在大家一齐考虑什么叫“会”，换句话说就是，课堂评价的标准是什么。我想我们就从学生学习的五个阶段进行评价。“会”分别是：understand、Remember、skill、export、apply。分别是理解、记忆、熟练、输出、应用。首先是理解，大家都知道，没有理解的内容是无法记住的。这也是一般人认为的会了，其实不然。理解只是第一步，为了让学生理解，老师应该做的就是教学设计中的导入和呈现部分。只要能便于学生理解，这部分通常是老师来呈现，大家注意为什么我没有用“讲解”这个词而用的是“呈现”，因为以学生为中心的课中单纯讲解是无法使学生理解的，所以老师应该有许多的方法便于学生理解，俗话说“教无定法”，我们老师无论用什么方法或故事或图片，或实物，或影音资料都可以。良好的开端是成功的一半。”风趣的开场白，生动的故事，再配以投影片、录音机等所承载的视听材料、影视歌曲、电影录音剪辑等，都会不由自主地引起学生的无意注意，激发学生的学习兴趣。例如：我在讲book2 lesson37 这一课时就用两个方法进行导入，此课有两部分，第一部分是一天气和温度为主题，第二部分是以形状为主体展开对话。通过对课文的剖析，我认为可以将两部分的顺序打乱，现讲第二部分的内容，我用的实物直观导入法，和图片导入法，学生很快就进入状态，并且学生不会发现，老师刻意设计的痕迹；第一部分的内容为天气，所以从第二部分的训练到第一部分的过渡是教学设计的难题，后来在看电视的时候受到启发，就用天气预报开始的音乐进行导入。而且告诉学生，listen and have a rest.听音乐并休息一会，接着就问，听到这首音乐你们想到了什么？主题很简单，话题又很常见，学生们立刻就踊跃的举手，使课堂气氛更加的活跃。呈现出本课的重要句型：“What’s the temperature？学生理解阶段就算告一段落，理解只是第一步，在学生理解了重点知识的基础上，就得记忆 第二步，我们可以用各种方法帮助学生记忆，记忆单词的方法有很多如联想法、图片法、编故事、语音法等。如学习记忆这几个词Olympic hippo map family name banana 就可以用联想法等等。

第三步，熟练如果记忆像是往仓库里存放东西，那么熟练就是为了能在用时取出仓库里的东西。想要使学生达到熟练老师就学要设计各种训练方法。同时还要注意学生的“状态“。

第四步和第五步就是教学目标的达成，输出和应用，学要老师创设情境，并与生活相联系。因为应用是我们教学的最终目的。

我们在教学设计中如果能把握着五个步骤，就能掌控课堂，就能驾轻就熟，轻松玩转英语课堂。

总之一句话概括我们备课和教学应注意的内容就是：一个中心——以学生为中心。三个注意事项——导课、训练、检测，五大评价标准——理解、记忆、熟练、输出、运用。

第二篇：初中定语从句

定语从句

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.一.单项填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 5.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 6.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 7.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where

第三篇：初中定语从句

定语从句

定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓ ↘引导词 ↓

先行词 从句(定语从句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓ ↘引导词 ↓

先行词 从句(定语从句)考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如：

Here comes the man who(that)wants to see you.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that)(2).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom(who, that)you are looking for.这正是你要找的人。

(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that)考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如：

Mary like music that(which)is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that)The film which(that)we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that)。

Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。There is little that I can do for you.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。

②.当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that.这些词有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：

That is the very dress that I want to buy.那正是我要买的裙子。English is the only subject that I like.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。

③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。

④.当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如：

Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知识 考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是时间, 地点，原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。如：

I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。

He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。

Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？(2).先行词是时间, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。如： I remember the days which(that)we spent on the farm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。Lu Ming studies in the school which(that)was built 1 years ago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。

考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如：

This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。

Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。

考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾 语 从 句

宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如：

Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。↓ ↓

主句 从句(宾语从句)Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？ ↓ ↓ 主句 从句(宾语从句)考点1：引导词的选用(1).陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。

(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。

(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑问语序(第1助动词don’t 在主语you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：①.What’s wrong with „在宾语从句中不变语序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。

(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）

(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。

(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。

(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4：宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定)如：

()–Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（宾语从句）20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安顺）A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 参考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015长沙）A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 参考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亚）A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 参考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津）A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 参考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州）A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 参考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）

A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 参考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?（2015广州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 参考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉玛依）A.will go;is B.goes;is C.goes;has no D.will go;has no 参考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015娄底）A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 参考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 参考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉玛依）A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 参考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015济宁）A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 参考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015苏州）A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 参考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015温州）

A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 参考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.xiexiebang.com will help you.（2015武威）A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 参考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄阳）A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 参考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益阳）A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 参考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.－Maybe in the forest.（2015重庆A/C卷）A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 参考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重庆B卷）A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 参考答案：C 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）

8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特）A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州）A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015广州）A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）A.that B.which C.who 参考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州）A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案：C 19.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安顺）A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安）A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 参考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉玛依）A.whose B.who C.when D.which 参考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What!You too? I thought I was the only one!‖（2015武威）A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自贡）A.what B.which C.who 参考答案：B 定语从句+宾语从句练习

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life.A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing.If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land.A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive.A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________.A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now?---She asked me __________.A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________.A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable.A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the grass.A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________.A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace.A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen's reign of terror（恐怖统治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China?-Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted

第四篇：初中定语从句

七．定语从句

一.定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二.引导定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三.定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四.关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：

（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如： What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which，而不用that，例如： Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五.关系副词的用法

1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

八．时间、条件、原因状语从句

状语从句指在句子中用作状语的从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等九种状语从句。

初中阶段，我们学习的状语从句主要有时间状语从句、条件状语从句和原因状语从句，今天我们就来学习以下这三种状语从句。一.时间状语从句

主要连词：when、while、as、as soon as（一......就......）、before、after、since等。

【注意1】时间状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。

I will give you a call when I arrive at London.我到伦敦后会给你打电话。

【注意2】since 的用法： since引导的时间状语从句必须是一般过去时，其主句必须时现在完成时。例如：

Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.自从我来到北京，我一直住在这里。

【注意3】while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须时持续的;when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以持续也可以不持续。例如：

While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.我去年夏天离开的那段日子里，我的狗被照顾的很好。

When I lived in that small village，I often went to play in the field.当我住在那个小山村的时候，我经常去地里玩耍。

When the film ended，all the people began to go out of the cinema.电影结束后，所有的人都开始走出电影院。二.条件状语从句

主要连词：if, unless（除非=if...not...）, as long as（只要）等。【注意】条件状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：

If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic outdoors.如果明天天气好，我们会在户外野餐。

Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.（=If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.）除非你努力工作，否则你不会取得成功。As long as you go, I will go.只要你去，我就会去。三.原因状语从句

主要连词：because, as（由于）, since（因为，既然）等。

【注意】because 引导的原因是未知的原因，as和since引导的原因是已知的原因。例如： I didn't go to school because I was ill.因为我病了，所以没有去上学。

As it is raining heavily, we won't go to the park.由于雨下得很大，我们就不去公园了。

Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。

第五篇：初中英语语法归纳：定语从句

初中英语语法归纳：定语从句一 名词性从句:

1.主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语.:

3.形式宾语

4.由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句

5.whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同.当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定语从句

1.引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.2.当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.3.as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用.As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.4.介词+which/whom/whose从句

5.代/名+介词+which 从句

6.同位语从句和定语从句

三、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

四、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。